sacred landscapes
DESCRIPTION
Landscapes, views,world.TRANSCRIPT
ISBN 978-1-4027-6520-9
Sac
red
Lan
dsc
apes
Mann/Davis
The T
hreshold B
etween W
orlds
$35.00Can. $45.00
As long as there have been human beings, there have been sacred landscapes—places where the natural world compels us to
contemplate great myths and mysteries and to open our senses to experience the transcendent. To behold or enter a sacred mountain, cave, waterfall, or other physical manifestation of the eternal is to symbolically cross a threshold from mundane, time-bound reality into something beyond our limited lives and intellects. This inspired and inspiring collaboration between photographer Lynn Davis and author A. T. Mann, covering thirty countries, examines not only the sacred landscapes of nature but the temples and other architectural structures our species has built over the millennia in our never-ending quest to nurture our spirit and gain access to the divine.
The need for transcendence is hardwired into human DNA, and this has been proven by the long history of our species and our relationship to the natural world. Indeed, the ability to perceive the symbols and shadows of the eternal that are manifest in what William Blake famously called “the productions of Time” is, as far as we know, unique to us.
From our earliest roots in prehistory to the modern day, we have sought to bring our visions of heaven down to earth or to raise our portions of earth to the heavens. We transcend the mundane by imposing sacred cosmology upon the wilderness or by crafting that wilderness through art and architecture into structures and gateways offering access to the divine. Thus, sacred groves become columns and lintels, sacred bodies of water become pools and fountains.
Now, in a world beset by climate change and economic upheaval, a world in which religion and science often seem to be either enemies or no longer on speaking terms, we need to rediscover our ancient connection to the sacred landscapes that have always inspired us.
This stunning volume features an extra-ordinary collection of images from across the world—fifty-seven sites in thirty countries—by renowned photographer Lynn Davis, enhanced with visionary prose by author/architect A. T. Mann, remystifying and resanctifying a world too many of us have come to take for granted.
Twelve chapters focus on unique natural phenomena and their manmade counterparts: from sacred mountains like Olympus and Sinai (symbols of our highest aspirations) to sacred caves like Lascaux, where our distant forebears enacted mysterious rituals of birth, death, and rebirth; from manifestations of the sacred flow of air and
of water (redolent of the life force and the spirit) to sacred trees and forests, timeless repositories of knowledge and enlightenment; from legendary lands like Atlantis and Shambhala to the great temples and ceremonial centers, like Stonehenge, Angkor Wat, and Teotihuacán.
A guidebook for the questing soul, Sacred Landscapes is both a timely celebration of the sacred and a stirring call to replenish our relationship with nature . . . before it’s too late.
LyNN DAvIS apprenticed with Berenice Abbott. Her first exhibition hung at the International Center of Photography (1979) alongside close friend Robert Mapplethorpe. After traveling to Greenland in 1986, she began photographing the monumental landscapes and architectural icons for which she is renowned. Her photographs are included in many permanent collections, including the Whitney Museum, the Museum of Modern Art, the J. Paul Getty Museum, Harvard University, and the Chicago Museum of Contemporary Art.
A. T. MANN is an accomplished architect, author, astrologer, design educator, designer, artist, feng shui consultant, and documentary filmmaker. Once the personal astrologer to the Aga Khan and crown prince of Iran, he has written/co-written twenty books (translated into many languages) on divination, ecological design, calendrical systems, psychology, healing, reincarnation, sacred architecture, gardens, and sexuality. Mann has lectured and taught at universities around the world and is on several advisory boards, including Kepler College, Seattle, and the International Centre for Creativity, Innovation and Sustainability, Copenhagen. He has appeared on numerous television and radio programs, including CNN news.
Jacket photos © Lynn Davis
Crossing the Threshold
(continued on back flap)
(continued from front flap)
Printed in Chin
a
Sacred Landscapes
The Threshold Between Worlds
PHOTOGRAPHy
ii
Sacred LandScapeS
The Threshold Between Worlds
a. T. Mann
Photographs by Lynn daviS
ii
Sacred LandScapeS
The Threshold Between Worlds
a. T. Mann
Photographs by Lynn daviS
S a c r e d L a n d s c a p e s
Page ii: Pyramids at Meroë, Sudan, 1998
Page vi: Monastery, Petra, Jordan, 1995
Page viii: Tomb of Zechariah, Kidron Valley, Israel, 1994
STERLING and the distinctive Sterling logo are registered trademarks of Sterling Publishing Co., Inc.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Mann, A. T., 1943- Sacred landscapes : the threshold between worlds / by A. T. Mann ;photographs by Lynn Davis. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4027-6520-9 (hc-trade cloth) 1. Sacred space. 2. Sacred space--Pictorial works. I. Davis, Lynn,1944- II. Title. BL580.M36 2010 203'.5--dc22 2010003449
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Published by Sterling Publishing Co., Inc.387 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10016© 2010 by A. T. Mann and Lynn DavisMann text © 2010 by A. T. MannDavis photographs © by Lynn DavisDistributed in Canada by Sterling Publishingc/o Canadian Manda Group, 165 Dufferin StreetToronto, Ontario, Canada M6K 3H6Distributed in the United Kingdom by GMC Distribution Services Castle Place, 166 High Street, Lewes, East Sussex, England BN7 1XUDistributed in Australia by Capricorn Link (Australia) Pty. Ltd.P.O. Box 704, Windsor, NSW 2756, Australia
Book design and layout by Christine HeunPrinted in ChinaAll rights reserved
Sterling ISBN 978-1-4027-6520-9 For information about custom editions, special sales, premium andcorporate purchases, please contact Sterling Special SalesDepartment at 800-805-5489 or [email protected].
“Difficult are the gods for men to see.”
fHymn to demeter1
S a c r e d L a n d s c a p e s
Page ii: Pyramids at Meroë, Sudan, 1998
Page vi: Monastery, Petra, Jordan, 1995
Page viii: Tomb of Zechariah, Kidron Valley, Israel, 1994
STERLING and the distinctive Sterling logo are registered trademarks of Sterling Publishing Co., Inc.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Mann, A. T., 1943- Sacred landscapes : the threshold between worlds / by A. T. Mann ;photographs by Lynn Davis. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4027-6520-9 (hc-trade cloth) 1. Sacred space. 2. Sacred space--Pictorial works. I. Davis, Lynn,1944- II. Title. BL580.M36 2010 203'.5--dc22 2010003449
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Published by Sterling Publishing Co., Inc.387 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10016© 2010 by A. T. Mann and Lynn DavisMann text © 2010 by A. T. MannDavis photographs © by Lynn DavisDistributed in Canada by Sterling Publishingc/o Canadian Manda Group, 165 Dufferin StreetToronto, Ontario, Canada M6K 3H6Distributed in the United Kingdom by GMC Distribution Services Castle Place, 166 High Street, Lewes, East Sussex, England BN7 1XUDistributed in Australia by Capricorn Link (Australia) Pty. Ltd.P.O. Box 704, Windsor, NSW 2756, Australia
Book design and layout by Christine HeunPrinted in ChinaAll rights reserved
Sterling ISBN 978-1-4027-6520-9 For information about custom editions, special sales, premium andcorporate purchases, please contact Sterling Special SalesDepartment at 800-805-5489 or [email protected].
“Difficult are the gods for men to see.”
fHymn to demeter1
S a c r e d L a n d s c a p e s
vi
Contents
`
Introduction 1
Chapter 1 The Threshold Between Worlds 5
Chapter 2 In Search of the Sacred 11
Chapter 3 Ascending the Sacred Mountain 27
Chapter 4 Sacred Cave Mysteries 61
Chapter 5 Flow 79
Chapter 6 World Tree, Cosmic Axis 103
Chapter 7 The Elements 119
Chapter 8 Gateways and Boundaries 137
Chapter 9 Mythic Sacred Lands 151
Chapter 10 Orientation 169
Chapter 11 Being and Nothingness 193
Chapter 12 The Vanishing Landscape 207
Afterword 220
Sacred Sites of the Western Hemisphere 223
Sacred Sites of the Eastern Hemisphere 225
Acknowledgments 227
Endnotes 229
Bibliography 235
Index 239
About the Authors 245
S a c r e d L a n d s c a p e s
vi
Contents
`
Introduction 1
Chapter 1 The Threshold Between Worlds 5
Chapter 2 In Search of the Sacred 11
Chapter 3 Ascending the Sacred Mountain 27
Chapter 4 Sacred Cave Mysteries 61
Chapter 5 Flow 79
Chapter 6 World Tree, Cosmic Axis 103
Chapter 7 The Elements 119
Chapter 8 Gateways and Boundaries 137
Chapter 9 Mythic Sacred Lands 151
Chapter 10 Orientation 169
Chapter 11 Being and Nothingness 193
Chapter 12 The Vanishing Landscape 207
Afterword 220
Sacred Sites of the Western Hemisphere 223
Sacred Sites of the Eastern Hemisphere 225
Acknowledgments 227
Endnotes 229
Bibliography 235
Index 239
About the Authors 245
S a c r e d L a n d s c a p e s
1
OPPOSite: Göreme caves, Cappadocia, Turkey, 1995
Introduction`
After living for half a year in a primitive seaside village near the Sahara in southern
Morocco, in 1970 I hitchhiked from Munich to India with a friend, a journey that
was like traveling back in time. We wound our way through Austria, Yugoslavia, and back
into early European history. Bulgaria looked like the shabby, post-Depression 1930s with
its gray and rusty old cars. At the Bulgarian/Turkish border we got a ride with a Viennese
college professor who drove a VW bus to Kabul every summer, buying carpets along the
way. He spoke fluent Turkish and Farsi and took us with him on condition that we go on his
zigzag route via rug-making cities and nomadic tribal settlements across Turkey, Iran, and
Afghanistan. His offer was like a dream come true. As we drove, the centuries peeled away
with each passing day. We meandered eastward through 1430s Istanbul, along the Turkish
Black Sea coast, and then climbed south into the volcanic Taurus mountain range of Eastern
Anatolia, haggling along the way in the carpet markets of mountain villages as the back of
the van filled up with gorgeous-colored rugs. We emerged many days later near the legendary
Mount Ararat, where, legend has it, Noah’s Ark landed after the Great Flood. There were no
cities for miles on this windswept, largely barren high plain, and it looked like a primal scene
from thousands of years ago.
A misunderstanding about our visas at the Turkish-Iranian border forced Wilfred to leave
us overnight while he drove on to Tabriz, the famous carpet town in western Iran thought
to be the site of the biblical Garden of Eden. Due to the threatening actions of the Turkish
border guards and the lack of any acceptable shelter at the border, a group of us retreated
into the nearby foothills and spent a glorious full moon night on a hillside overlooking the
desolate plain from which Ararat emerges 17,000 feet into the cool, clear air. I reveled at its
immensity and sheer beauty, struck by the fact that it probably looked the same to the mythic
Noah (apart from the absence of floodwaters). To the others it may have been nothing more
S a c r e d L a n d s c a p e s
1
OPPOSite: Göreme caves, Cappadocia, Turkey, 1995
Introduction`
After living for half a year in a primitive seaside village near the Sahara in southern
Morocco, in 1970 I hitchhiked from Munich to India with a friend, a journey that
was like traveling back in time. We wound our way through Austria, Yugoslavia, and back
into early European history. Bulgaria looked like the shabby, post-Depression 1930s with
its gray and rusty old cars. At the Bulgarian/Turkish border we got a ride with a Viennese
college professor who drove a VW bus to Kabul every summer, buying carpets along the
way. He spoke fluent Turkish and Farsi and took us with him on condition that we go on his
zigzag route via rug-making cities and nomadic tribal settlements across Turkey, Iran, and
Afghanistan. His offer was like a dream come true. As we drove, the centuries peeled away
with each passing day. We meandered eastward through 1430s Istanbul, along the Turkish
Black Sea coast, and then climbed south into the volcanic Taurus mountain range of Eastern
Anatolia, haggling along the way in the carpet markets of mountain villages as the back of
the van filled up with gorgeous-colored rugs. We emerged many days later near the legendary
Mount Ararat, where, legend has it, Noah’s Ark landed after the Great Flood. There were no
cities for miles on this windswept, largely barren high plain, and it looked like a primal scene
from thousands of years ago.
A misunderstanding about our visas at the Turkish-Iranian border forced Wilfred to leave
us overnight while he drove on to Tabriz, the famous carpet town in western Iran thought
to be the site of the biblical Garden of Eden. Due to the threatening actions of the Turkish
border guards and the lack of any acceptable shelter at the border, a group of us retreated
into the nearby foothills and spent a glorious full moon night on a hillside overlooking the
desolate plain from which Ararat emerges 17,000 feet into the cool, clear air. I reveled at its
immensity and sheer beauty, struck by the fact that it probably looked the same to the mythic
Noah (apart from the absence of floodwaters). To the others it may have been nothing more
S a c r e d L a n d s c a p e s
2
i n t r o d u c t i o n
OPPOSite: Volcanic tuff, White Valley, Cappadocia, Turkey, 1995
than a beautiful mountain, but for me it was like a journey far beyond biblical times to a time
of origins, and this alternate level of awareness became a primary characteristic of my journey
to the East. Ararat provoked an epiphany, an inner understanding that for the first time in my
life linked my inner and outer worlds. Ararat was not only present in a physical way, but it also
became a symbol of much, much more.
In our lifetime—if we are fortunate—we visit certain places, whether near home or far
away, that evoke the sacred in us. They differ from our usual world in magical and powerful
ways, resonating with our deeper self, challenging us by their mere presence, and creating such
awe in us that we come away feeling ourselves part of a wondrous natural world. There are
many sacred landscapes in the world, but our experience of them is out of this world. Although
such places exist in time, our experience of them is outside time. All sacred landscapes were
created in the distant past, before modern humans graced the earth; when we gaze at these
sublime terrains, it is as if we are transported to a timeless realm or we are revisiting the cusp
of creation itself.
According to American scholar and mythologist Joseph Campbell, the power of mythology
lies in its ability to awaken the psyche to the wonder of the universe. Most myths began as oral
traditions that transmitted the wisdom of earlier ages. Because they were not rigorous written
doctrines, myths were almost infinitely flexible, morphing from time to time and from place
to place.
In my journeys, I have discovered that virtually all sacred landscapes contain “inner”
histories that existed long before their “outer” histories came into being. Often these myths
hold a deep and powerful ethos, as well as clues to the profound energies that sacred places
transmit to us when we open ourselves up to their language. Since oral traditions have all but
vanished in our modern era, we are left with complex, varied, and often contradictory versions
of nearly every myth. It is in the nature of myth to be open-ended rather than literal, and, as
a result, many of the myths that I have chosen to associate with sacred landscapes express a
certain romance and mystery. While they may seem enigmatic to the logical mind, the myths
recounted in this volume penetrate deeply into our collective psyche, awakening us to the vital
messages of the sacred, natural world.
S a c r e d L a n d s c a p e s
2
i n t r o d u c t i o n
OPPOSite: Volcanic tuff, White Valley, Cappadocia, Turkey, 1995
than a beautiful mountain, but for me it was like a journey far beyond biblical times to a time
of origins, and this alternate level of awareness became a primary characteristic of my journey
to the East. Ararat provoked an epiphany, an inner understanding that for the first time in my
life linked my inner and outer worlds. Ararat was not only present in a physical way, but it also
became a symbol of much, much more.
In our lifetime—if we are fortunate—we visit certain places, whether near home or far
away, that evoke the sacred in us. They differ from our usual world in magical and powerful
ways, resonating with our deeper self, challenging us by their mere presence, and creating such
awe in us that we come away feeling ourselves part of a wondrous natural world. There are
many sacred landscapes in the world, but our experience of them is out of this world. Although
such places exist in time, our experience of them is outside time. All sacred landscapes were
created in the distant past, before modern humans graced the earth; when we gaze at these
sublime terrains, it is as if we are transported to a timeless realm or we are revisiting the cusp
of creation itself.
According to American scholar and mythologist Joseph Campbell, the power of mythology
lies in its ability to awaken the psyche to the wonder of the universe. Most myths began as oral
traditions that transmitted the wisdom of earlier ages. Because they were not rigorous written
doctrines, myths were almost infinitely flexible, morphing from time to time and from place
to place.
In my journeys, I have discovered that virtually all sacred landscapes contain “inner”
histories that existed long before their “outer” histories came into being. Often these myths
hold a deep and powerful ethos, as well as clues to the profound energies that sacred places
transmit to us when we open ourselves up to their language. Since oral traditions have all but
vanished in our modern era, we are left with complex, varied, and often contradictory versions
of nearly every myth. It is in the nature of myth to be open-ended rather than literal, and, as
a result, many of the myths that I have chosen to associate with sacred landscapes express a
certain romance and mystery. While they may seem enigmatic to the logical mind, the myths
recounted in this volume penetrate deeply into our collective psyche, awakening us to the vital
messages of the sacred, natural world.
5
Q C h a p t e r 1 P
The Threshold Between WorldsThe linear mind is what creates the boundary line between us and the world.
Location of consciousness in the brain closes the door to nature. But the door is unlocked.
cStephen Harrod Buhner, The Secret Teachings of Plants (2004)1
What exactly is the sacred? The sacred is an ethereal quality that has roots in the life of
the soul and spirit rather than in any formal religious practice or system. Spiritual
qualities are dynamic aspects of the human psyche that are independent of form but that find
expression through the world of form.2 Sacred landscape triggers a spiritual recognition in us
when we experience it. Australian Aborigines describe the earth’s power as the “dreaming” of
a place, because anything that occurs in a particular location leaves “seeds, myths or images,
unseen vibrations that provoked the place into being in the first place.”3 Everything in our
world is alive with sacred symbolism, imbued with spirit, and pregnant with possibility.
Aboriginal art is like a map of this interaction between the spiritual and the physical place. If
we are awake, present, open, and engaged, we can pick up these energies and the information
they offer. In Vajrayana Buddhism, the sacred isn’t beyond thought or supernatural in some
vague way, but “rather it has to do with things being so true, so real, and so direct.”4 The great
Tibetan Buddhist master Chögyam Trungpa knew that the sacred is a matter of truth and
that “the magic is simplicity.”5
`
The sacred is also a component of spirituality—that transcendent quality so integral to all people
in our present world (whatever their beliefs), many of whom are scientists or even self-described atheists.
Spirituality, being both intensely personal and universal, is inclusive of but not necessarily limited to
religious beliefs.OppOsite: Iceberg, Disko Bay, Greenland, 1988
5
Q C h a p t e r 1 P
The Threshold Between WorldsThe linear mind is what creates the boundary line between us and the world.
Location of consciousness in the brain closes the door to nature. But the door is unlocked.
cStephen Harrod Buhner, The Secret Teachings of Plants (2004)1
What exactly is the sacred? The sacred is an ethereal quality that has roots in the life of
the soul and spirit rather than in any formal religious practice or system. Spiritual
qualities are dynamic aspects of the human psyche that are independent of form but that find
expression through the world of form.2 Sacred landscape triggers a spiritual recognition in us
when we experience it. Australian Aborigines describe the earth’s power as the “dreaming” of
a place, because anything that occurs in a particular location leaves “seeds, myths or images,
unseen vibrations that provoked the place into being in the first place.”3 Everything in our
world is alive with sacred symbolism, imbued with spirit, and pregnant with possibility.
Aboriginal art is like a map of this interaction between the spiritual and the physical place. If
we are awake, present, open, and engaged, we can pick up these energies and the information
they offer. In Vajrayana Buddhism, the sacred isn’t beyond thought or supernatural in some
vague way, but “rather it has to do with things being so true, so real, and so direct.”4 The great
Tibetan Buddhist master Chögyam Trungpa knew that the sacred is a matter of truth and
that “the magic is simplicity.”5
`
The sacred is also a component of spirituality—that transcendent quality so integral to all people
in our present world (whatever their beliefs), many of whom are scientists or even self-described atheists.
Spirituality, being both intensely personal and universal, is inclusive of but not necessarily limited to
religious beliefs.OppOsite: Iceberg, Disko Bay, Greenland, 1988
s a c r e d L a n d s c a p e s
6
t h e t h r e s h o l d B e t w e e n W o r l d s
7
OppOsite: Imam Mosque ceiling, Isfahan, Iran, 2001
A new organization of architects called the Forum for Architecture, Culture and Spirituality uses
the following definition: “The spiritual refers to a heightened or alternative state of mind in which one is
overcome by, or perceives the presence, insight, or action of forces beyond self-limited consciousness.
Spiritual experiences are realized individually and although possible to articulate, they cannot be
completely conveyed due to the limited nature of our symbolic language. More specifically, spirituality
addresses the human need for transcendence.”6
Essential to experience of the sacred is a break in our normal perception of the world. Moments of
transcendence impel us to abandon ordinary, everyday “profane” time, which is linear and composed of
the hours, days, and years of our life. As Mircea Eliade remarks, “by its very nature sacred time is reversible
in the sense that, properly speaking, it is a primordial mythical time made present.”7 Because sacred
landscapes are typically created by the play of nature over millions of years, they evoke the pure, original
state of earth and sky. Such places are wild and chaotic, revealing their history to us in profound ways
that we may not understand on a conscious level. Experiencing sacred landscapes is like being present
at archetypal realities that occurred at the beginning of time and that continue to repeat ad infinitum,
if only in the collective imagination and our psyche.
The threshold between worlds is where we offer sacrifices to divinities at rites of passage such as
birth, death, and on initiation to adulthood. This threshold is a boundary, like consciousness, protecting
us from the wildness of nature while allowing us a glimpse of the higher, spiritual realms. Whether it is
a church or temple, a mountain or grove of trees, a pyramid, in the jungle or on an expanse of northern
ice, once we cross the symbolic gateway into such sacred territory and allow ourselves to open up to pure
spirit, we experience a profound difference. Many of these transitions are also watched over by protective
deities that take the form of lions, dragons, Buddhas, and demons, to name a few, as well as symbols or
signs that speak their potency as places where the gods descend to Earth, the goddesses emerge, and we
ascend to heaven. We don’t have to accept or believe any religious or spiritual doctrine in order to feel
the power of these landscapes, however, because they precede all modern man-made structures and,
by evoking some ancient occurrence recorded in our collective psyche, strike us at our true core.
In physics there is a process called resonance, which is a mechanism by which a pair of atoms,
objects, wave forms, or beings that move in a similar fashion and at a common frequency instantly
communicate information over large distances. This information flows both ways and happens at
speeds faster than light travels. We recognize it as the natural but unexpected phenomenon of “being
on the same wavelength” as someone else, as when we sense the presence of someone we perceive as
familiar across a room full of strangers. In music, resonance is when a sympathetic vibration intensifies
s a c r e d L a n d s c a p e s
6
t h e t h r e s h o l d B e t w e e n W o r l d s
7
OppOsite: Imam Mosque ceiling, Isfahan, Iran, 2001
A new organization of architects called the Forum for Architecture, Culture and Spirituality uses
the following definition: “The spiritual refers to a heightened or alternative state of mind in which one is
overcome by, or perceives the presence, insight, or action of forces beyond self-limited consciousness.
Spiritual experiences are realized individually and although possible to articulate, they cannot be
completely conveyed due to the limited nature of our symbolic language. More specifically, spirituality
addresses the human need for transcendence.”6
Essential to experience of the sacred is a break in our normal perception of the world. Moments of
transcendence impel us to abandon ordinary, everyday “profane” time, which is linear and composed of
the hours, days, and years of our life. As Mircea Eliade remarks, “by its very nature sacred time is reversible
in the sense that, properly speaking, it is a primordial mythical time made present.”7 Because sacred
landscapes are typically created by the play of nature over millions of years, they evoke the pure, original
state of earth and sky. Such places are wild and chaotic, revealing their history to us in profound ways
that we may not understand on a conscious level. Experiencing sacred landscapes is like being present
at archetypal realities that occurred at the beginning of time and that continue to repeat ad infinitum,
if only in the collective imagination and our psyche.
The threshold between worlds is where we offer sacrifices to divinities at rites of passage such as
birth, death, and on initiation to adulthood. This threshold is a boundary, like consciousness, protecting
us from the wildness of nature while allowing us a glimpse of the higher, spiritual realms. Whether it is
a church or temple, a mountain or grove of trees, a pyramid, in the jungle or on an expanse of northern
ice, once we cross the symbolic gateway into such sacred territory and allow ourselves to open up to pure
spirit, we experience a profound difference. Many of these transitions are also watched over by protective
deities that take the form of lions, dragons, Buddhas, and demons, to name a few, as well as symbols or
signs that speak their potency as places where the gods descend to Earth, the goddesses emerge, and we
ascend to heaven. We don’t have to accept or believe any religious or spiritual doctrine in order to feel
the power of these landscapes, however, because they precede all modern man-made structures and,
by evoking some ancient occurrence recorded in our collective psyche, strike us at our true core.
In physics there is a process called resonance, which is a mechanism by which a pair of atoms,
objects, wave forms, or beings that move in a similar fashion and at a common frequency instantly
communicate information over large distances. This information flows both ways and happens at
speeds faster than light travels. We recognize it as the natural but unexpected phenomenon of “being
on the same wavelength” as someone else, as when we sense the presence of someone we perceive as
familiar across a room full of strangers. In music, resonance is when a sympathetic vibration intensifies
s a c r e d L a n d s c a p e s t h e t h r e s h o l d B e t w e e n W o r l d s
9
OppOsite: Burial pyramids at Meroë, Sudan, 1998
or prolongs an initial sound; some Eastern musical instruments have strings inside the body of the
instrument that vibrate with the instrument’s outer strings, creating deep resonance. Resonance enriches
the significance of things and evokes spontaneous, deep, emotional experiences. Sacred landscapes also
act in this way. When we come to such a place we resonate with its energy field, the density of its
physical presence, the play of light and shadow, the look of certain angles or curves, or even the depth
of experience that the landscape has carried for millions of years. When monuments or sacred buildings
are constructed in these places, they act as a kind of focus for these resonant dynamics, and thus the
building or object becomes a sounding board for the deep feelings evoked by the landscape, centering
feelings and bringing them into more tangible form. In this sense, the resonance of a sacred place is a
transition point between heaven and earth, above and below, without and within. We pass between
worlds much more easily in such places because the environment contains a sacred presence, and if we
are willing to “go there,” we can enter the spirit of these landscapes and receive their profound messages.8
s a c r e d L a n d s c a p e s t h e t h r e s h o l d B e t w e e n W o r l d s
9
OppOsite: Burial pyramids at Meroë, Sudan, 1998
or prolongs an initial sound; some Eastern musical instruments have strings inside the body of the
instrument that vibrate with the instrument’s outer strings, creating deep resonance. Resonance enriches
the significance of things and evokes spontaneous, deep, emotional experiences. Sacred landscapes also
act in this way. When we come to such a place we resonate with its energy field, the density of its
physical presence, the play of light and shadow, the look of certain angles or curves, or even the depth
of experience that the landscape has carried for millions of years. When monuments or sacred buildings
are constructed in these places, they act as a kind of focus for these resonant dynamics, and thus the
building or object becomes a sounding board for the deep feelings evoked by the landscape, centering
feelings and bringing them into more tangible form. In this sense, the resonance of a sacred place is a
transition point between heaven and earth, above and below, without and within. We pass between
worlds much more easily in such places because the environment contains a sacred presence, and if we
are willing to “go there,” we can enter the spirit of these landscapes and receive their profound messages.8
S a c r e d L a n d s c a p e s
Q C h a p t e r 6 P
World Tree, Cosmic A xisThen, in one moment, she put forth the charm
Of woven paces and of waving hands, And in the hollow oak he lay as dead,
And lost to life and use and name and fame. Then crying “I have made his glory mine,”
And shrieking out “O fool!” the harlot leapt Adown the forest, and the thicket closed Behind her, and the forest echoed “ fool.”
cAlfred, Lord Tennyson, Merlin and Vivien (1859)1
We tend to underestimate the great tangible value trees have for the world, even as
they provide us with houses, books, furniture, ships to sail the oceans, implements
to work in the fields or garden, axe handles, gunstocks, baseball bats, newspapers, and even
the very oxygen we breathe. It is therefore not surprising that trees are among the most sacred
living things and an essential component of virtually all early creation myths, legends, and
folk tales. They inhabit our inner world and unconscious mind simultaneously and are potent
symbols of the living contents of the personality and a prototype of the self.2
`A sacred mountain is considered an axis of the world (axis mundi), and trees perform the same
function in creation myths. Balancing their visible upper halves with the invisible root systems that hold
them firmly in the soil, the leafy canopies symbolically reach up to the heavens as the roots penetrate
down into the underworld. Thus, it is not surprising that the mythic “Tree of Life” remains with us
today as a powerful esoteric symbol.
The biblical Garden of Eden was centered on two trees: the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil
and the Tree of Life, the first of which harbored the notorious serpent that tempted Eve into eating the
fruit that led to human expulsion from paradise. There are many artistic representations of the seduction OppOSite: Mosque of Djenné, Mali, 1997
103
S a c r e d L a n d s c a p e s
Q C h a p t e r 6 P
World Tree, Cosmic A xisThen, in one moment, she put forth the charm
Of woven paces and of waving hands, And in the hollow oak he lay as dead,
And lost to life and use and name and fame. Then crying “I have made his glory mine,”
And shrieking out “O fool!” the harlot leapt Adown the forest, and the thicket closed Behind her, and the forest echoed “ fool.”
cAlfred, Lord Tennyson, Merlin and Vivien (1859)1
We tend to underestimate the great tangible value trees have for the world, even as
they provide us with houses, books, furniture, ships to sail the oceans, implements
to work in the fields or garden, axe handles, gunstocks, baseball bats, newspapers, and even
the very oxygen we breathe. It is therefore not surprising that trees are among the most sacred
living things and an essential component of virtually all early creation myths, legends, and
folk tales. They inhabit our inner world and unconscious mind simultaneously and are potent
symbols of the living contents of the personality and a prototype of the self.2
`A sacred mountain is considered an axis of the world (axis mundi), and trees perform the same
function in creation myths. Balancing their visible upper halves with the invisible root systems that hold
them firmly in the soil, the leafy canopies symbolically reach up to the heavens as the roots penetrate
down into the underworld. Thus, it is not surprising that the mythic “Tree of Life” remains with us
today as a powerful esoteric symbol.
The biblical Garden of Eden was centered on two trees: the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil
and the Tree of Life, the first of which harbored the notorious serpent that tempted Eve into eating the
fruit that led to human expulsion from paradise. There are many artistic representations of the seduction OppOSite: Mosque of Djenné, Mali, 1997
103
s a c r e d L a n d s c a p e s t h e e l e m e n t s
s a c r e d L a n d s c a p e s t h e e l e m e n t s
S a c r e d L a n d s c a p e s M y t h i c S a c r e d L a n d s
abOve: Crescent Moon Spring, Dunhuang, China, 2001
S a c r e d L a n d s c a p e s M y t h i c S a c r e d L a n d s
abOve: Crescent Moon Spring, Dunhuang, China, 2001
169
Q C h a p t e r 1 0 P
OrientationLandscape features as expressive of particular holiness . . . came about
because of a religious tradition in which the land was not a picture but a true force which physically embodied the powers that ruled the world.
cVincent Scully, The Earth, the Temple and The Gods (1962)1
The relationship of landscapes and buildings to the arc of the sun and moon and to the
progress of days, nights, and seasons affects our awareness and our bodies in profound
ways, but we easily neglect how we situate ourselves in respect to these natural patterns of
life. The shifting of light and shadow continually modifies the landscape and plays with it.
Our orientation in space and time is essential because it links our internal biological clocks
with the natural diurnal patterns, or circadian rhythms, which are central to our health and
well-being.2
`
As William Lethaby states in his wondrous book Architecture, Mysticism and Myth (1892), the
“perfect temple should stand at the center of the world, a microcosm of the universe fabric, its walls
built foursquare with the wall of heaven.”3 He acknowledges that the earliest human conceptions of the
universe were cubic, as exemplified by the construction and orientation of foursquare Egyptian temples,
Buddhist stupas, Mexican pyramids, as well as Greek and Christian places of worship. Indeed, this idea
of the world is represented in the original Latin word for “paradise,” which is derived from the original
Iranian for “walled enclosure.” Sacred buildings universally respect the four cardinal directions, and the
positions of the sanctuary entrances and altars reflect the rising in the East and setting in the West of
the sun, moon, and planets, which were seen in early cultures as messengers of the gods and goddesses.
There is much evidence that certain cultures watched, revered, and oriented their sacred places toward
the sun or moon, as well as planets like Venus (the Morning/Evening Star) and various constellations.
As shown in chapter 8, the three major pyramids of Giza are situated in the landscape to reflect the
OppOsite: Church of Bet Giorgis, carved from the bedrock, Lalibela, Ethiopia, 1997
page 170: Mosque, Sudan, 1998
page 171: Stone mandala, Lumbini, Nepal, 1992
169
169
Q C h a p t e r 1 0 P
OrientationLandscape features as expressive of particular holiness . . . came about
because of a religious tradition in which the land was not a picture but a true force which physically embodied the powers that ruled the world.
cVincent Scully, The Earth, the Temple and The Gods (1962)1
The relationship of landscapes and buildings to the arc of the sun and moon and to the
progress of days, nights, and seasons affects our awareness and our bodies in profound
ways, but we easily neglect how we situate ourselves in respect to these natural patterns of
life. The shifting of light and shadow continually modifies the landscape and plays with it.
Our orientation in space and time is essential because it links our internal biological clocks
with the natural diurnal patterns, or circadian rhythms, which are central to our health and
well-being.2
`
As William Lethaby states in his wondrous book Architecture, Mysticism and Myth (1892), the
“perfect temple should stand at the center of the world, a microcosm of the universe fabric, its walls
built foursquare with the wall of heaven.”3 He acknowledges that the earliest human conceptions of the
universe were cubic, as exemplified by the construction and orientation of foursquare Egyptian temples,
Buddhist stupas, Mexican pyramids, as well as Greek and Christian places of worship. Indeed, this idea
of the world is represented in the original Latin word for “paradise,” which is derived from the original
Iranian for “walled enclosure.” Sacred buildings universally respect the four cardinal directions, and the
positions of the sanctuary entrances and altars reflect the rising in the East and setting in the West of
the sun, moon, and planets, which were seen in early cultures as messengers of the gods and goddesses.
There is much evidence that certain cultures watched, revered, and oriented their sacred places toward
the sun or moon, as well as planets like Venus (the Morning/Evening Star) and various constellations.
As shown in chapter 8, the three major pyramids of Giza are situated in the landscape to reflect the
OppOsite: Church of Bet Giorgis, carved from the bedrock, Lalibela, Ethiopia, 1997
page 170: Mosque, Sudan, 1998
page 171: Stone mandala, Lumbini, Nepal, 1992
169
s a c r e d L a n d s c a p e s B e i n g a n d N o t h i n g n e s s
s a c r e d L a n d s c a p e s B e i n g a n d N o t h i n g n e s s
s a c r e d L a n d s c a p e s
204
B e i n g a n d N o t h i n g n e s s
OppOsite: Northumberland Strait, Gulf of Saint Lawrence, Canada, 1993
There was a time when meadow, grove, and stream, The earth, and every common sight, To me did seemApparell’ d in celestial lightThe glory and the freshness of a dreamIt is not now as it hath been of yore;—Turn wheresoe’er I may, By night or day, The things which I have seen I now can see no more.
—William Wordsworth, Ode: “Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood” (1802)10
s a c r e d L a n d s c a p e s
204
B e i n g a n d N o t h i n g n e s s
OppOsite: Northumberland Strait, Gulf of Saint Lawrence, Canada, 1993
There was a time when meadow, grove, and stream, The earth, and every common sight, To me did seemApparell’ d in celestial lightThe glory and the freshness of a dreamIt is not now as it hath been of yore;—Turn wheresoe’er I may, By night or day, The things which I have seen I now can see no more.
—William Wordsworth, Ode: “Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood” (1802)10
S a c r e d S i t e s
223
NORTH AMERICACanada
1 Northumberland StraitGreenland
2 Disko BayMexiCo
3 Pyramid of the Sun, TeotihuacánUnited StateS
4 Delicate Arch, Arches National Park, Utah 5 Dugout Ranch, Utah 6 Luray Caverns, Virginia 7 Monument Valley, Navajo Nation Reservation, Arizona/Utah 8 Mount Wilson, Colorado 9 Saanaheit Pole, Sitka National Historical Park, Alaska 10 Zion National Park, Utah 11 Washington Monument, Washington, D.C.
SOUTH AMERICAarGentina/Brazil
12 Iguazu FallsPerU
13 Machu PicchuVenezUela
14 Angel Falls, Canaima National Park
Sacred Sites of the Western Hemisphere
9
1
2
3
45
678
10 11
12
13
14
→
→
→
S a c r e d S i t e s
223
NORTH AMERICACanada
1 Northumberland StraitGreenland
2 Disko BayMexiCo
3 Pyramid of the Sun, TeotihuacánUnited StateS
4 Delicate Arch, Arches National Park, Utah 5 Dugout Ranch, Utah 6 Luray Caverns, Virginia 7 Monument Valley, Navajo Nation Reservation, Arizona/Utah 8 Mount Wilson, Colorado 9 Saanaheit Pole, Sitka National Historical Park, Alaska 10 Zion National Park, Utah 11 Washington Monument, Washington, D.C.
SOUTH AMERICAarGentina/Brazil
12 Iguazu FallsPerU
13 Machu PicchuVenezUela
14 Angel Falls, Canaima National Park
Sacred Sites of the Western Hemisphere
9
1
2
3
45
678
10 11
12
13
14
→
→
→
S a c r e d S i t e s
225
AFRICAethioPia
1 Church of Bet Giorgis, LalibelaMali
2 Great Mosque of DjennéSUdan
3 Meroëtanzania
4 Marhubi Palace Ruins, ZanzibarziMBaBwe
5 Great Zimbabwe National Monument 6 Victoria Falls
ASIABhUtan
7 Rinpung Dzong, ParoBUrMa (MyanMar)
8 Bagan 9 Shwedagon Temple, YangonCaMBodia
10 Angkor China
11 Crescent Moon Spring, Dunhuang 12 Sacred Way of Xiaoling, Eastern Qing
Tombs, Zunhua 13 Giant Wild Goose Pagoda, Xi’an 14 Three Gorges, Yangtze River 15 Yungang Grottoes, Datongindia
16 Jantar Mantar, Delhi 17 Royal Center Stepped Tank and
Virupaksha Temple, Hampi 18 VaranasiJaPan
19 Daisen-in and Saiho-ji gardens, KyotonePal
20 Lumbini
AUSTRALIA 21 Ayers Rock, Uluru National Park 22 Wave Rock, Hyden
EUROPEGreeCe
23 Erechtheion, Parthenon, and Temple of Olympian Zeus, Athens
24 Temple of Athena, Delphiitaly
25 Hadrian’s Villa, Tivoli 26 Via Appia Antica, RomeSCotland
27 Fingal’s Cave, Staffa
MIDDLE EASTeGyPt
28 Great Temple of Abu Simbel 29 Bent Pyramid and Red Pyramid, Dashur 30 Great Sphinx and Great Pyramid of Giza 31 Step Pyramid of Djoser, Saqqarairan
32 Bam 33 Naqsh-e Rostam 34 Imam Mosque, IsfahaniSrael
35 Tomb of Zechariah, Kidron Valley 36 QumranJordan
37 PetraSyria
38 Tetrapylon, Palmyra tUrkey
39 Göreme Caves and White Valley, Cappadocia
40 Temple of Apollo, Didyma
Sacred Sites of the Eastern Hemisphere
27
2
1
3
4
56
7
8
910
11 12
1314
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
2324→
→25
→
26
28
29→
→30→31 32
333435
→
→
36 →
37
38
3940
S a c r e d S i t e s
225
AFRICAethioPia
1 Church of Bet Giorgis, LalibelaMali
2 Great Mosque of DjennéSUdan
3 Meroëtanzania
4 Marhubi Palace Ruins, ZanzibarziMBaBwe
5 Great Zimbabwe National Monument 6 Victoria Falls
ASIABhUtan
7 Rinpung Dzong, ParoBUrMa (MyanMar)
8 Bagan 9 Shwedagon Temple, YangonCaMBodia
10 Angkor China
11 Crescent Moon Spring, Dunhuang 12 Sacred Way of Xiaoling, Eastern Qing
Tombs, Zunhua 13 Giant Wild Goose Pagoda, Xi’an 14 Three Gorges, Yangtze River 15 Yungang Grottoes, Datongindia
16 Jantar Mantar, Delhi 17 Royal Center Stepped Tank and
Virupaksha Temple, Hampi 18 VaranasiJaPan
19 Daisen-in and Saiho-ji gardens, KyotonePal
20 Lumbini
AUSTRALIA 21 Ayers Rock, Uluru National Park 22 Wave Rock, Hyden
EUROPEGreeCe
23 Erechtheion, Parthenon, and Temple of Olympian Zeus, Athens
24 Temple of Athena, Delphiitaly
25 Hadrian’s Villa, Tivoli 26 Via Appia Antica, RomeSCotland
27 Fingal’s Cave, Staffa
MIDDLE EASTeGyPt
28 Great Temple of Abu Simbel 29 Bent Pyramid and Red Pyramid, Dashur 30 Great Sphinx and Great Pyramid of Giza 31 Step Pyramid of Djoser, Saqqarairan
32 Bam 33 Naqsh-e Rostam 34 Imam Mosque, IsfahaniSrael
35 Tomb of Zechariah, Kidron Valley 36 QumranJordan
37 PetraSyria
38 Tetrapylon, Palmyra tUrkey
39 Göreme Caves and White Valley, Cappadocia
40 Temple of Apollo, Didyma
Sacred Sites of the Eastern Hemisphere
27
2
1
3
4
56
7
8
910
11 12
1314
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
2324→
→25
→
26
28
29→
→30→31 32
333435
→
→
36 →
37
38
3940
s long as there have been human beings, there have been sacred landscapes— places where the natural world compels us to contemplate great myths and
mysteries and to open our senses to experience the transcendent. To behold or enter a sacred mountain, cave, waterfall, or other physical manifestation of the eternal is to symbolically cross a threshold from mundane, time-bound reality into something beyond our limited lives and intellects. This inspired and inspiring collaboration between photographer Lynn Davis and author A. T. Mann, covering thirty countries, examines not only the sacred landscapes of nature but the temples and other architectural structures our species has built over the millennia in our never-ending quest to nurture our spirits and gain access to the divine.-• Features and reviews in travel
and general-interest magazines• Newspaper coverage in book
review and travel sections• E-blads available
About the authorA. T. MANN is an accomplished architect, author, astrologer, designer, artist, feng shui consultant, and documentary filmmaker. He has written or co-written 20 books (translated into many languages) on divination, ecological design, calendar systems, psychology, healing, reincarnation, and sacred architecture, gardens, and sexuality, including the Mandala Astrolog ical Tarot (Sterling 2009) and Sacred Architecture (1996). Mann has lectured at universities across the world and has appeared on numerous television and radio programs; including CNN News.
About the photographerLyNN DAviS’s photographs have been shown nationally and internationally in sixty-eight solo exhibitions. Her work, which has taken her to forty-eight countries in the last twenty-four years, has been included in the collections of the Museum of Modern Art, the Whitney Museum, the Guggenheim Museum and the Los Angeles Museum of Art, among many others. Davis’s previous books include Monument (1999), Wonders of the African World, with Henry Louis Gates Jr. (1999), Illumination (2007), and Space Project (2009). She lives and works in Hudson, New york, and Cape Breton, Nova Scotia with her husband, novelist and screenwriter, Rudy Wurlitzer.
For more information, contact Leah Eagel at (646) 688-2557 or [email protected]
Reviewers are reminded that changes may be made in this uncorrected proof before books are pr inted. If any material from the book is to be quoted in a review, the quotat ion should be checked against the f inal bound book. Dates, pr ices, and manufacturing details are subject to change or cancellat ion without notice.
Crossing the Threshold
Photography/PhotojournalismOctober 2010$35.00 ($45.00 Canada)Hardcover10 3/8 x 11 1/4; 256 pagesSterling iSBN 978-1-4027-6520-9
A