sabolcik (c) 2012 mr. sabolcik, west forsyth h.s

Sabolcik

(c) 2012 Mr. Sabolcik, West Forsyth H.S.

By the end of this PowerPoint, you should be able to identify the following:

Plot Exposition Rising Action Climax Falling Action

Character Protagonist Antagonist Dynamic Character Static Character

Setting Foreshadowing Dialogue


Categories we can use to help us understand literature and its affect it has on us.

What is “literature?” Poetry, short stories, novels, journals, etc.

Other names for literary devices

Literary term, literary technique

Literary devices help us speak a “common language” about literature.


The setting is the 1. TIME and 2. PLACE of a work of literature.

Things to keep in mind for TIME: season; year in history; (past, present, or future)

Tells us about the context of the story.

Things to keep in mind for PLACE: social, political, economic issues of the setting; how the environment affects the characters


How would Harry Potter be different if they only lived in the Muggle world?

How would a story of our classroom go if we were on a beach?

How would your favorite MTV show be different if it took place 50 years ago? 500 years ago?

How would the books you read in school be different if they were set in the future?

See how setting impacts the story?


A character is basically a person or animal that takes part in the action of a literary work.

There are several types of characters we can study.

Protagonists, Antagonists, Static Characters, Dynamic Characters, Flat Characters, Round Characters

These categories have to do with how much the characters CHANGE over the course of the story.


These are the qualities that make up a particular character.

We can also think of characterization as the character’s personality, values, beliefs, and development.

Example:

Characterization of Batman Justice-minded, resourceful, intelligent, caring, passionate, steadfast, strong

Katniss Everdeen Intelligent, strong, caring, selfless

Can be DIRECT or INDIRECT

Depends on whether or not the author tells us the characteristics of a character

This is also called CHARACTER TRAITS


Your turn! - Write a list of at least 8 words that

characterize you!

Kind imaginative violent

Quiet pleasant care-free

Boastful evil peaceful

Ambitious reliable intense

Courageous responsible racist

Intelligent skilled compassionate

Strong sophisticated

creative talented driven

dependable trustworthy

Determined successful athletic

Energetic nervous

Lazy careful materialistic

Independent unique

“Main Character”

Examples:

Superman comics Protagonist = Superman

The Lion King Protagonist = Simba

Twilight Bella Swan


Character that is in conflict with the main character (protagonist)

The enemy or opposing force against the protagonist

Examples:

Superman? Antagonist – Lex Luther

The Lion King Antagonist - Scar


What does the word “dynamic” mean?

Dynamic = Change

A dynamic character is one who develops and grows during the course of a story.

She may learn a valuable lesson and change her ways. She may face difficult tasks and adopt new values.

Example: Scrooge in A Christmas Carol

Also, Harry Potter in Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s StoneC

an you think of any other examples?(c) 2012 Mr. Sabolcik, West Forsyth

H.S.

Static characters are the opposite of dynamic characters.

So then what does the term mean?

If dynamic characters change, then static characters stay the same.

Example: Cruella DeVille

Why is she static? How is she at the beginning of the movie? How is she at the end?

Does she change much? Who would be another static character you can think of?

Harry Potter franchise? Hunger Games?


Round CharactersI

f something is round (like a globe), does it have much depth to it?

YES!

A round character is one who shows many different traits – faults and virtues.

For example: Harry Potter in Harry Potter; Scrooge in A Christmas Carol; Batman in the recent films.

Any others?

Flat CharactersI

f something is flat, does it have much depth to it?

No!

A flat character is one who only shows one trait.

For example: Dobby from Harry Potter (he’s only loyal); Bruce the Shark from Finding Nemo (he only eats)

Any others?

Struggle between opposing forces

Characters in conflict form the basis of stories, novels, and plays

Examples:

Arguments, Battles, Fights, Struggles


Man vs. Man

Example: Batman vs. The Joker

Man vs. Environment

Man in conflict with something in nature or nature itself Example: Ulrich and Georg vs. The Harsh Cold & The Wolves

Man vs. Self

Internal Struggle Example: A student’s conflict to do homework or play in the football game.


Your turn

Describe a time where you experienced each of the three main conflicts:

Man vs. Man

Man vs. Environment

Man vs. Self

Foreshadowing is the clues an author uses to hint at a future event that hasn’t occurred yet.

http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCfWHqrYUqo What does this theme foreshadow?

Another example of foreshadowing:

When Mr. S.'s alarm clock woke him at six o'clock that morning, he had no idea that today would be the most awesome day of his life.

Foreshadowing today’s lesson!


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCfWHqrYUqo










Brainstorm some ideas as a class.

It could be to:

Gives attentive readers clues as to the ending.

Builds suspense in the rising action.

Makes climax more powerful.(c) 2012 Mr. Sabolcik, West Forsyth

H.S.

Write a quick paragraph in your notes (4-5 sentences) where you use foreshadowing.

Give your paragraph to a partner and let them circle the part where the end is foreshadowed.

Give it back to see if you’re right!


Dialogue is a spoken exchange (conversation) between characters.

Basically, when characters talk to each other.

What can dialogue tell us about characters?

We can learn what they are thinking. We can learn how they want to appear to others. Gives us information. Moves the story forward.


What it is: “Sequence of events in a literary work.”

Aka “What happens”

What it isn’t : “A specific scene in a story”

When you describe only a few aspects of the literature, missing big events.

Characteristics:

Has 5 parts Exposition, Rising Action, Climax, Falling Action, and Resolution. (c) 2012 Mr. Sabolcik, West Forsyth

H.S.

What it is: Background information. Introduces setting, characters, basic situation.

Here we learn the basics and establish the scene.

Example: The Lion King


http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=HwSKkKrUzUk


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HwSKkKrUzUk










What it is: Events that introduce central conflict(s).

We begin to learn more about the characters and their struggles.

What it isn’t: The big conflict itself or the background information.

The rising action can last for a while as we build up to a pivotal conflict.

In The Lion King, what are some of the events of the rising action?

Mufasa dies,

Scar takes over,

Simba leaves his kingdom,

He meets some animal friends,

And eventually decides to return.(c) 2012 Mr. Sabolcik, West Forsyth

H.S.

What it is: The exposition and rising action build up to the central conflict.

At this point, the tension or suspense is at a peak.

What it isn’t: There can be several mini-climaxes within the rising action. However, the climax is the ONE moment where the conflict presents itself.

Lion King:


Fight between Simba and Scar(c) 2012 Mr. Sabolcik, West Forsyth

H.S.

What it is: Moments after the conflict where the “ends become tied.”

Can last for a while until we see a definite resolution to the story.

A shift from how things were before the climax and how things have become after.

What it isn’t: The final scene.

The falling action is an intermediate time between the climax and the resolution.

Lion King:

Hyenas abandon Scar, It begins to rain, literally and figuratively cleansing the kingdom


What it is: Final moments or conclusion of the story.

We get an idea about what it’s going to be like after the story ends.

CHANGE marks the resolution.

What it isn't’: The credits of a movie or the very last page of a book.

It’s much more complicated than that.



Simba and Nala have a child/cub-Hope for the future.

-Final CHANGE from the rule of the evil Scar.


Copy this diagram in your notes!

In your notes, create a rough plot diagram for a movie or book you saw/read recently.

Share with a partner next to you.

Anyone want to share with the class?


A short story is a brief work of fiction

Fiction means? Fiction is a work of literature that deals with imaginary stories

or events.

Shorter than a novel or novella (usually less than 50 pages)

Examples: “The Interlopers,” “The Cask of Amontillado,” and “The Necklace”


The speaker or character who tells a story.

The author’s choice of narrator lets us know how much information we are being given.

If we are reading a story from an author’s perspective, we have to know whether or not they are reliable. If we can trust that they’re being honest. So we can know if they could be biased. In case they haven’t witnessed an event.


1st person “I” NARRATIVES

2nd person “You” Instruction manuals, cookbooks

3rd person 3rd person Omniscient

Omni = ALL, Scient = Seeing 3rd person Limited

Character telling us the story from their perspective We don’t know everything in the story(c) 2012 Mr. Sabolcik, West Forsyth

H.S.

“The Interlopers”

“The Cask of Amontillado” Who is the narrator?

“Green Eggs and Ham”

Mr. Sabolcik’s Dairy:

Cookbook


Diction: The author’s choice of words and how it impacts what is being said. Vocabulary (slang vs. formal) Colloquialisms (y’all, y’inz)

There are two important ways we can identify and understand an author’s use of diction.

Denotation and Connotation(c) 2012 Mr. Sabolcik, West Forsyth

H.S.

The dictionary definition of the word.

Has the same meaning no matter the context.

For example: The dictionary defines “Snake” as “A long limbless

reptile (suborder Ophidia or Serpentes) that has no eyelids, and jaws that are capable of considerable extension.”

Therefore, the denotation of the word snake is above.


The set of ideas associated with it in addition to its explicit meaning (its denotation).

The context determines what it means.

A word has a different meaning to different people.

Also, the emotions attached to a word.


On a scrap piece of paper, write a sentence of what the following words mean: SHARK HOUSE IMPRESSION STALE ATTRACTIVE BRIGHT


SHARK Someone who is really good at playing cards.

HOUSE Whenever you put a bunch of cards on top of each other.

IMPRESSION When you stick your hand in the mud and there is a print

after you take it out. BRAINS

The guy or girl that organizes the theft. (The “brains” of the operation)

ATTRACTION Whenever two atoms want to come together and share

electrons. BRIGHT

All of my students! They’re very bright and get all As.(c) 2012 Mr. Sabolcik, West Forsyth

H.S.

For each set, choose the word with the positive connotation. drug addict . . . druggie, drug fiend, substance abuser handicapped . . . crippled, disabled, differently abled house . . . . . . home, abode, domicile, residence thin . . . . . . thin, slender, slim, skinny, lean, beanpole attractive . . . pretty, beautiful, handsome, fair reporter . . . . journalist, broadcaster, newshound unattractive . . plain, dull, ugly


chef vs. cook

plagiarizer vs. cheater

thrifty vs. tightwad

stay-at-home mom vs homemaker vs housewife

ambitious vs. greedy

substance abuser vs druggie

journalist vs reporter

eccentric vs weirdo


A recipe is denotative; an advertisement connotative

The connotation of words can help us figure out the subtext of what an author or character is trying to say. “Reading between the lines.”

Word choice is really important!


A reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, or work of art.

Example: I was surprised his nose was not growing like Pinocchio’s. This is an allusion to what?


“When she lost her job, she acted like a Scrooge, and refused to buy anything that wasn’t necessary.” A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens

“He was a real Romeo with the ladies.” Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare

“Chocolate was her Achilles’ heel.” The Illiad by Homer. And Greek mythology.

“He was a Good Samaritan yesterday when he helped the lady start her car.” The Biblical story of the Good Samaritan.


“The side lines is lined with casualtiesWho sip the life casually,

then gradually become worseDon’t bite the apple, Eve” -Jay-Z

“Tonedeff’s slays giants, as if my legal name’s David.” –Tonedeff


1. Be able to identify them when we see them.

2. Be able to connect them to whatever they came from.

3. Understand the function they serve. Help us understand characters more.

How educated someone is, or what culture they are from. Draw parallels to ideas in other works of literature.

Many allusions to novels with death may foreshadow death in the story we are reading.


We have new literary devices words for our quiz on Friday!

Understand the definitions and be able to provide examples of the following terms:

Plot Exposition Rising Action Climax Falling Action

Point of View Narrator Diction

Denotation vs. Connotation Allusion


Irony (in its basic definition) is when you expect one thing to happen, and the opposite takes place.

Irony can also mean the difference between appearance and reality.


Hey, SabolcikO

pen up the irony powerpoint

sabolcik (c) 2012 mr. sabolcik, west forsyth h.s

Documents

sabolcik c

west forsyth

dynamic characters

character traits c

main character protagonist

static characters

particular character

characters change