sabari pppt
TRANSCRIPT
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Guided by Sabari S KumarMr. Mitra DC S7C3
Sr. Lecturer 17332
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PRODUCTION OF NATURAL SAND
Disintegration of rocks by natural agents.
Transportation and deposition.
Mining from such deposits.
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PRODUCTION OF MANUFACTURED SAND
Suitable rocks are selected.
Rocks are crushed to required sizes.
Sieved to segregate different sizes.
Shaped and washed properly using
sophisticated machinery.
Particle sizes blended together to
obtain exact gradings.
Materials are ready for marketing.
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BARMAC
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ROTOPACTOR
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IMPORTANT USES OF SAND
As fine aggregate for concrete.
As aggregates for bituminous road surfacing.
As grading constituent of earth for subgrade
preparation of highways.
For grading the soil for preparing agricultural fields.
Industrial uses in manufacturing processes.
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REQUIRED QUALITIES OF SAND USED FOR CONSTRUCTION
Grading
Hardness
Shape
Strength and soundness
Deleterious material content
Chemical impurities
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Grading limits for fine aggregate
(IS: 383/1970)
IS sieve
designation Zone I Zone II Zone III Zone IV
10mm 100 100 100 100
4.75mm 90-100 90-100 90-100 95-100
2.36mm 60-95 75-100 85-100 95-100
1.18mm 30-70 55-90 75-100 90-100
600microns 15-34 35-59 60-79 80-100
300microns 5-20 8-30 12-40 15-50
150microns 0-10 0-10 0-10 0-15
Percentage passing
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NECESSITY OF MANUFACTURED SAND
Sand mining has deepened the sandy beds of
sub mountainous and plain tracks of all the riversby almost 3.5 to 4.0m.This phenomenon has
destroyed the permanent regime parameters ofthe entire river coarses.
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MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
Regime wetted perimeter
Regime flood flow depth
Regime grade/size of the bed material
HYDROLOGICAL PARAMETERS
Regime hydraulic gradient of flood flow
Regime flood flow velocity
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HAZARDS OF SAND MINING
Erosion of banks and beds.
Silting up at unwanted places of
river coarses.
Retention of floods for longer
periods.
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Rendering the intake arrangements of
many irrigation and watersupply
projects.
Recession of water table to
unallowable depth below general
rootzone.
Damages to wells and other
underwater sources.
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SUITABILITY OF NATURAL SAND ANDMANUFACTURED SAND
River sand may not conform to all the requirements
and may have to be improved in quality forscientific use. Improvements by washing, grading,blending may have to be done before use, at the
consumers end.
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COMPARISION BETWEEN RIVER SAND ANDMANUFACTURED SAND
River sand Manufactured sand
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STRENGTH TESTS RESULTS
No Proportion Strength with
River sand
N/mm^2
Strength with
manuf: sand
N/mm^2
Increase in
strength
%
1 1:2:4:0 17.67 31.00 75.44
2 1:2:1:3 15.34 27.40 78.62
3 1:1:4:1 12.67 22.73 79.40
4 1:2:3:1 19.67 31.66 60.96
5 1:2:4:1 18.36 28.10 53.05
6 1:2:2:2 15.00 27.66 84.40.
7 1:1:3:2 21.00 28.30 34.76
a. Concrete block
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No Proportion Strength with
River sand
N/mm^2
Strength with
manuf: sand
N/mm^2
Increase in
strength
%
1 1:4 11.67 12.93 10.80
2 1:6 7.67 9.60 25.16
3 1:8 3.00 5.13 71.00
4 1:10 2.86 5.00 74.83
b. Mortar blocks
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QUALITY CONTROL OF MANUFACTURED SAND
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USE OF MANUFACTURED SAND IN VARIOUSCOUNTRIES
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CONCLUSION
Ecological problems of sand mining.
Necessity for an alternative.
Awareness of manufactured sand and its
qualities.
Requirements of construction industries.
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