sa 145 workplace safety today and tomorrow
DESCRIPTION
SA 145 Workplace Safety Today and Tomorrow. Unit 3 Identifying Hazards. Introduction. Recognition of Hazards Systems Approach to recognizing hazards Systems Safety Engineering - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
SA 145 Workplace Safety Today and
TomorrowUnit 3 Identifying
Hazards
Introduction
Recognition of Hazards• Systems Approach to recognizing
hazards• Systems Safety Engineering
– Defined: a logical systematic approach utilizing scientific and engineering principles to identify hazards via a cause and effect pattern of events and actions, which ultimately cause a loss incident.
InspectionsPurpose for Inspections
Two primary purposes:• Identify hazards and ensure
correction (Supervisor)
• Audit the effectiveness of the safety program and hold supervisors accountable (Safety Manager)
InspectionsFormat for Inspections
•policy and procedure for completing inspections
•inspection form
•training for supervisors
Accident Investigations (AI)
Why investigate accidents?Why investigate accidents?
Develop a written procedure for AIDevelop a written procedure for AI– Purpose and scope of AI– Accident notification– Employee training in AI – Forms to be completed and time frames– Review and follow-up of AI
Accident Investigations
Procedures for gathering evidence and Procedures for gathering evidence and facts surrounding the accidentfacts surrounding the accident
• Injured and witness interviews
• Take pictures, sketches, etc.
• Examine accident records
• Test circumstantial evidence
• Site security and the media
Accident Investigations
Accident Report Information • Employee Data (Who)• Accident Description (What Happened,
When and Where) • Costs associated with an accident:
Medical/indemnity (direct or insurable costs) and Indirect or uninsured costs
• Identification of Causes: Identification of Causes: Unsafe acts and conditions “symptoms” and problems in the management system “underlying causes”
Accident InvestigationsAccident Report Information
Determine Corrective Action Major objective is to remove causes!
• Emphasis on engineering controls• Consider administrative controls
• Review and follow-up of corrective action
Accident Investigations
Accident Description• While walking through the machining
department, you observe the overhead crane moving across the bay. Suddenly, the crane strikes another crane and the load swings out of the rigging and strikes an idle piece of machinery below, nearly missing an employee standing below.
• Accident Causes - Recommendations?
Pre-operations Planning
• Emphasis on identifying hazards and bottle necks prior to construction
• Goal is to ensure that safety is incorporated into equipment, facility, and new process design
Review Building Codes
Codes are ordinances that set forth
minimum requirements for building construction and design
Examples of building codes
Pre-operations PlanningPre-operations Planning
Layout Considerations
• Material flow
Questions to consider:
• Roadways
Reference U.S. DOT: “Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways”
Pre-operations Pre-operations PlanningPlanning
Pre-operations PlanningPre-operations Planning
Layout Considerations
• Aisles Aisles for one-way forklift traffic
be at least 3 ft. wider than the widest forklift.
For two way traffic, at least 3 ft. wider than twice the width of the widest vehicle
Pre-operations PlanningPre-operations PlanningLayout Considerations• Equipment
Materials Power transmission exposuresMaintenance Environmental concernsFire concernsPressurized equipment
Pre-operations PlanningPre-operations Planning
Equipment (continued)
Drainage for wet processes
Life safety concerns
Electrical requirements
Ergonomic considerations
Pre-operations PlanningPre-operations Planning• Life Safety and Fire Prevention
– Workplace fires and explosions kill 200 and injure more than 5,000 workers each year.
– In 1995, more than 75,000 workplace fires cost businesses more than $2.3 billion.
Pre-operations PlanningPre-operations Planning• Life Safety and Fire Prevention
NFPA #101 “Life Safety Code”
Each work location should have a sufficient number of unobstructed, easily visible, properly designed paths of travel with a capacity adequate to safely evacuate the maximum number of persons expected to be in the area.
Pre-operations PlanningPre-operations Planning
• Life Safety and Fire Prevention
Egress capacity
• Occupancy
• Egress surface
Pre-operations PlanningPre-operations Planning• Life Safety and Fire Prevention
Fire Prevention: Control of combustibles:
flammable liquids, ordinary combustibles
Control of ignition hazards: electrical hazards
Extinguishment and detection: Fire extinguishers and sprinkler systems Fire brigades
Fire Definitions• "Class A fire" means a fire involving ordinary
combustible materials such as paper, wood, cloth, and some rubber and plastic materials
Fire Definitions• "Class B fire" means a fire involving flammable or
combustible liquids, flammable gases, greases and
similar materials, and some rubber and plastic
materials
Fire Definitions• "Class C fire" means a fire involving energized
electrical equipment where safety to the employee
requires the use of electrically nonconductive
extinguishing media
Fire Definitions• "Class D fire" means a fire involving
combustible metals such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium, lithium and potassium
"Dry powder" means an compound used to extinguish or control Class D fires
Portable Fire Extinguishers
• Key Issues:
• Placement
• Use
• Maintenance
• Testing
Pre-operations Planning: Illumination
Basic types of lighting
General lighting
Localized general lighting
Supplementary lighting
Emergency lighting
Pre-operations Planning: Illumination
Quantity of illumination
Quantity depends primarily on the work being done
Reference on quantity: ANSI RP-7 Practice for Industrial Lighting
Pre-operations Planning: HVAC
Importance of HVAC
Temperature comfort zone
General recommendation for temperature is between 66° and 79° F
Pre-operations Planning: HVAC
Indoor air quality
Importance
Cause of poor indoor air quality
Pre-operations Planning: HVAC • Complaints due to poor indoor
air quality
• Evaluation of indoor air quality
Pre-operations Planning: Sanitation• Areas which must remain sanitary
• General sanitation rules
• Drinking water
– Water Quality Standards: Primary and Secondary Standards
Pre-operations Planning: Sanitation
Sewage and Garbage Disposal
Types of Sewage
- Sanitary sewage
- Process Waste
Pre-operations Planning: Sanitation
Rest rooms/Locker rooms
Lavatories with hot and cold water
One shower per 50 employees with max. water temp. inside shower of 140 degrees
# of toilets based on # of employees, Reference for washrooms and locker rooms ANSI Z4.1
Pre-operations Planning: Color coding to Identify HazardsNot intended to be a substitute for
other control measuresRedYellowOrange Green Black and White
34
Safety Hazards in IndustryOSHA Most Frequently Cited Serious Safety Violations in General Industry – FY 2005
Scaffolding 8891 citations
Hazard Communication 7267 ’’
Fall Protection 6122 ’’
Respiratory Protection 4278 ’’
Safety Hazards in IndustryOSHA Most Frequently Cited Serious Safety
Violations in General Industry – FY 2005
Lockout/Tagout 4051 citations
Powered Industrial Trucks3115 ’’
Electrical Wiring 3077 ’’
Machine Guarding 2956 ’’
Electrical – General Requirements 2348
Ladders2276
36
Scaffolding • Failure to provide fall
protection• Failure to provide
proper access• Failure to ensure
adequate platform construction
• Lack of personal fall arrest or guardrail systems
• Failure to properly support scaffolding
37
Hazard Communication• Failure to develop and
maintain a written program
• Failure to maintain training
• Failure to have a MSDS for each hazardous chemical
• Lack of employee training
• Failure to label
38
Fall Protection • Failure to use a
guardrail, safety not or personal fall arrest system
• Failure to provide protection/residential construction
• Failure to provide protection/low-slope roof
• Failure to provide protection/steep roof
• Failure to provide protection/falling through holes
Respiratory Protection• Failure to establish a
program• Failure to provide
medical evaluation• Failure to provide
respirators • Failure to conduct fit-
testing• Failure to identify
respiratory hazards
Lockout/Tagout
• Failure to establish written program
• Failure to utilize procedures
• Failure to provide training
• Failure to conduct inspection of procedures