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RVCC GEOL157 Introduction to Geology Gregory Herman, PhD email: [email protected]

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Page 1: RVCC GEOL 157 Introduction to Geology - …RVCC GEOL ‐157 Introduction to Geology Gregory Herman, PhD email: Gregory.Herman@raritanval.edu Basic Course Information •Satisfies the

RVCC GEOL‐157 Introduction to GeologyGregory Herman, PhD   email: [email protected]

Page 2: RVCC GEOL 157 Introduction to Geology - …RVCC GEOL ‐157 Introduction to Geology Gregory Herman, PhD email: Gregory.Herman@raritanval.edu Basic Course Information •Satisfies the

Basic Course Information

• Satisfies the natural‐science requirement for an ungraduated liberal‐arts degree 

• Provides an understanding of your place in the physical world.

• 15 Weeks, 22 lectures, 10 labs and 1 field excursion (Summer 5, 14, 10, 1). 

• 3 Exams. 

Learning Goals       • Learn current and emerging aspects of basic Earth science

• Basic mineralogy, principle rock types, the rock cycle, geological time, and plate

tectonics.

• Use topographic and geological maps in Google Earth to extract project information.

• Relate course knowledge to issues affecting the New Jersey (NJ) region.

• Develop knowledge and an appreciation about NJ geology and water resources.

• Develop historical and current awareness of science’s role in society.

Page 3: RVCC GEOL 157 Introduction to Geology - …RVCC GEOL ‐157 Introduction to Geology Gregory Herman, PhD email: Gregory.Herman@raritanval.edu Basic Course Information •Satisfies the

Learning Activities

• Students are exposed to scientific processes and practices.

• The lectures and labs include multimedia presentations (mostly PowerPoint).

• Class room participation is encouraged

• Students will invest time outside the classroom on subject material and reading.

• Rocks will be handled, tested, and noted for their material properties during labs.

• Laboratory work stresses the techniques used in geologic investigations, observations, and analyses. 

• Laboratory work places an emphasis on making and recording observations and measurements, and collecting and analyzing scientific data to draw conclusions.

Page 4: RVCC GEOL 157 Introduction to Geology - …RVCC GEOL ‐157 Introduction to Geology Gregory Herman, PhD email: Gregory.Herman@raritanval.edu Basic Course Information •Satisfies the

Attendance records are kept using sign‐in sheets for both lectures and labs

Lectures Labs

Page 5: RVCC GEOL 157 Introduction to Geology - …RVCC GEOL ‐157 Introduction to Geology Gregory Herman, PhD email: Gregory.Herman@raritanval.edu Basic Course Information •Satisfies the

This class primarily uses on‐line Open‐Educational‐Resource or

OER material

www.impacttectonics.org/GEOL157/Index.html

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2 lectures excused1 lab excused

Page 7: RVCC GEOL 157 Introduction to Geology - …RVCC GEOL ‐157 Introduction to Geology Gregory Herman, PhD email: Gregory.Herman@raritanval.edu Basic Course Information •Satisfies the

http://www.impacttectonics.org/GEOL157/RVCC%20GCH%20GEOL157%20Introduction%20to%20Geology%20Laboratory%20Manual.pdf

179 pages covers rock and sediment LABS 2, 3, 5, 8 

One‐time opportunity at the beginning of the semester to purchase a custom‐printed  (Staples) full‐color, bound copy.

Page 8: RVCC GEOL 157 Introduction to Geology - …RVCC GEOL ‐157 Introduction to Geology Gregory Herman, PhD email: Gregory.Herman@raritanval.edu Basic Course Information •Satisfies the

Another OER ResourceOptional textbook

Page 9: RVCC GEOL 157 Introduction to Geology - …RVCC GEOL ‐157 Introduction to Geology Gregory Herman, PhD email: Gregory.Herman@raritanval.edu Basic Course Information •Satisfies the

• Absences from class are discouraged.  Communication of  planned or emergency absences by students is necessary.

• Make‐up opportunities for missed labs are available to students having  compelling personal reasons for missing class including physical disabilities.

• Cases of extended absence for a week or more will be reported by the instructor to the proper authorities. 

• For lengthy absences, make‐up opportunities might not be feasible and are at the discretion of the instructor. 

• In every instance, it is the student’s responsibility to initiate arrangements for make‐up work.

Page 10: RVCC GEOL 157 Introduction to Geology - …RVCC GEOL ‐157 Introduction to Geology Gregory Herman, PhD email: Gregory.Herman@raritanval.edu Basic Course Information •Satisfies the

• Please be prompt.

• Cheating and plagiarism will not be tolerated.

• Cell phone and personal computers (PCs) are acceptable in lectures and labs 

for accessing OER materials, but they can only be used in a manner that is not 

distracting to surrounding students, or for your focus during labs. 

• Phones can be checked for personal reasons during lecture but must be on 

silent mode.

•When their use becomes distracting to you or others, you will be asked to put 

them away.

A few last points.…  Email me

Page 11: RVCC GEOL 157 Introduction to Geology - …RVCC GEOL ‐157 Introduction to Geology Gregory Herman, PhD email: Gregory.Herman@raritanval.edu Basic Course Information •Satisfies the

What is science?Science is the process of sensing something, somewhere, then asking yourself …….

What ?

How ?

Why ?

When ?

…. and then systematically seeking the answers.

Page 12: RVCC GEOL 157 Introduction to Geology - …RVCC GEOL ‐157 Introduction to Geology Gregory Herman, PhD email: Gregory.Herman@raritanval.edu Basic Course Information •Satisfies the

Gaining knowledge using the scientific process requires observation, experiment, and modification in a series of specific steps:

1. Identify the problem

2. Collect data to form a hypothesis3. Propose hypothesis4. Test hypothesis5. Modify hypothesis to incorporate test results

Science (from Latin: scientia meaning "knowledge") is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge using hypotheses; testable explanations and predictions about the universe. 

The scientific process includes hypotheses and theories that eventually lead to scientific laws

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A comprehensive scientific process uses a family of testable hypotheses, some of which will be refuted, for it is much more difficult to prove the truth, than to disprove the false.

• science relies on proof

• religion relies on faith without proof

The scientific process can reveal bias

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Scientific theories are not yet proven to be true, and can be disproven. 

Scientific theory – a hypothesis that has been tested many times and has an established body of evidence for support.

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Scientific Laws ‐ Ideas considered absolutely correct and if not, then the Universe as we know it would not exist. They are considered to be true, universal, simple, absolute, eternal.

Examples :   Newton’s laws of motion, thermodynamics, and gravity

From a dictionary:

Geology (from the Greek γῆ, gē, i.e. "earth" and ‐λoγία, ‐logia, i.e. "study of, discourse") is an earth science comprising the study of solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change.

From my viewpoint:

Geology is the natural science that explores our observable environment and the evolution of geophysical and biological systems.

Page 16: RVCC GEOL 157 Introduction to Geology - …RVCC GEOL ‐157 Introduction to Geology Gregory Herman, PhD email: Gregory.Herman@raritanval.edu Basic Course Information •Satisfies the

Terrestrial Geology • Terrestrial planets, including Earth, mainly concerned with the planet’s physical composition, structures, behavior, and history.

• GEOL157 provides an introductory overview of many aspects of the geological and geophysical sciences.

• We will explore current geological concepts, principles and processes, involving the physics and chemistry of the Earth.

Page 17: RVCC GEOL 157 Introduction to Geology - …RVCC GEOL ‐157 Introduction to Geology Gregory Herman, PhD email: Gregory.Herman@raritanval.edu Basic Course Information •Satisfies the

“The whole point of geology is to figure out what happened in the past based on the rocks from that time which are still around today. It isn’t actually about the rocks. It’s about the story. The rocks are just the publishing medium. And the craft of geology is learning to read the language of stones.”

Lounge of the Lab Lemming blog

Page 18: RVCC GEOL 157 Introduction to Geology - …RVCC GEOL ‐157 Introduction to Geology Gregory Herman, PhD email: Gregory.Herman@raritanval.edu Basic Course Information •Satisfies the

Unifying ThemesUnifying Themes

• The Earth is a very old planet

• The Earth is a unique, evolving system

• Internal and external processes interact to produce what we see at and near Earth’s surface

• Modern plate‐tectonic theory explains many Earth processes

• Geologic phenomena affect our environment

• Physical aspects of the Earth are linked to life processes

• Science comes from observation, and new discoveries are made every day from using the scientific method

• The Earth is a very old planet

• The Earth is a unique, evolving system

• Internal and external processes interact to produce what we see at and near Earth’s surface

• Modern plate‐tectonic theory explains many Earth processes

• Geologic phenomena affect our environment

• Physical aspects of the Earth are linked to life processes

• Science comes from observation, and new discoveries are made every day from using the scientific method

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HYDRAULIC FRACTURING OR ‘FRACKING’

Page 20: RVCC GEOL 157 Introduction to Geology - …RVCC GEOL ‐157 Introduction to Geology Gregory Herman, PhD email: Gregory.Herman@raritanval.edu Basic Course Information •Satisfies the

Geology sub disciplines

Page 21: RVCC GEOL 157 Introduction to Geology - …RVCC GEOL ‐157 Introduction to Geology Gregory Herman, PhD email: Gregory.Herman@raritanval.edu Basic Course Information •Satisfies the

Trained as a structural geologist with a career

emphasis on Appalachian

structures and tectonics.

Page 22: RVCC GEOL 157 Introduction to Geology - …RVCC GEOL ‐157 Introduction to Geology Gregory Herman, PhD email: Gregory.Herman@raritanval.edu Basic Course Information •Satisfies the

“STRUCTURAL HETEROGENEITY AND  AQUIFER ANISOTROPY”

>15,000 stations from 48, 7-1/2’ quads by

Monteverde and Herman

Bedrock Mapping and Structural Analysis of Fractured‐Bedrock Aquifers

1073 Bed-parallel fractures2360 Non-bedding fractures

1339 Stations

Page 23: RVCC GEOL 157 Introduction to Geology - …RVCC GEOL ‐157 Introduction to Geology Gregory Herman, PhD email: Gregory.Herman@raritanval.edu Basic Course Information •Satisfies the

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) AND DIGITAL CARTOGRAPHY

Page 24: RVCC GEOL 157 Introduction to Geology - …RVCC GEOL ‐157 Introduction to Geology Gregory Herman, PhD email: Gregory.Herman@raritanval.edu Basic Course Information •Satisfies the

32 years of geologic

mapping & research to benefit the

good people of

New Jersey

Page 25: RVCC GEOL 157 Introduction to Geology - …RVCC GEOL ‐157 Introduction to Geology Gregory Herman, PhD email: Gregory.Herman@raritanval.edu Basic Course Information •Satisfies the

ALT & Mt. Sopris System 2011 ~  $66,000

PC-controlled winch with 800 m of 1/8” single conductor cable

Digital-data processor

Optical Borehole Probe

Heat-Pulse Flowmeter

Page 26: RVCC GEOL 157 Introduction to Geology - …RVCC GEOL ‐157 Introduction to Geology Gregory Herman, PhD email: Gregory.Herman@raritanval.edu Basic Course Information •Satisfies the

N NSE W

STRIKE

DIP

N NSE W

BOREHOLE PHOTOGRAPHIC TELEVIEWER

Page 27: RVCC GEOL 157 Introduction to Geology - …RVCC GEOL ‐157 Introduction to Geology Gregory Herman, PhD email: Gregory.Herman@raritanval.edu Basic Course Information •Satisfies the

COMPARISON OF RG OPTV AND ALT‐MT/SOPRIS OBI‐40

~2000 ~2005

Page 28: RVCC GEOL 157 Introduction to Geology - …RVCC GEOL ‐157 Introduction to Geology Gregory Herman, PhD email: Gregory.Herman@raritanval.edu Basic Course Information •Satisfies the
Page 29: RVCC GEOL 157 Introduction to Geology - …RVCC GEOL ‐157 Introduction to Geology Gregory Herman, PhD email: Gregory.Herman@raritanval.edu Basic Course Information •Satisfies the

3D Subsurface (well‐field) visualization

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