russian resources in poland
TRANSCRIPT
This article was downloaded by: [University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]On: 06 October 2014, At: 13:02Publisher: RoutledgeInforma Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House,37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK
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Russian Resources in PolandEwa Bakowska MLIS aa Oddzial Informacji Naukowej, Biblioteka Jagiellońska , al. Mickiewicza 22, 30-059, Cracow,Poland E-mail:Published online: 12 Oct 2008.
To cite this article: Ewa Bakowska MLIS (2006) Russian Resources in Poland, Slavic & East European Information Resources,6:4, 3-23
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IN OUR LIBRARIES
Russian Resources in Poland
Ewa B�kowska
ABSTRACT. Several Polish libraries hold significant numbers of Rus-sian resources as a result of historical circumstances. Warsaw UniversityLibrary has the largest collection. Among others discussed are collec-tions at the National Library and other repositories in Warsaw, theJagiellonian Library and others in Cracow, and libraries in Pozna�,Szczecin, and Lublin. The author considers books, serials, incunabula,manuscripts (including music manuscripts), and maps. The article in-cludes lists of sources for locating Russian material in Poland. [Articlecopies available for a fee from The Haworth Document Delivery Service:1-800-HAWORTH. E-mail address: <[email protected]> Web-site: <http://www.HaworthPress.com> © 2005 by The Haworth Press, Inc. Allrights reserved.]
KEYWORDS. Russica, Rossica, Russian, Poland, Polish, libraries
Ewa B�kowska, MLIS, is Reference Librarian, Oddzia� Informacji Naukowej,Biblioteka Jagiello�ska, al. Mickiewicza 22, 30-059 Cracow, Poland (E-mail:[email protected]).
An earlier version of this article was published in Polish as “Zbiory russików wbibliotekach polskich,” Biuletyn Biblioteki Jagiello�skiej 53, no. 1/2 (2003): 227-243.
Slavic & East European Information Resources, Vol. 6(4) 2005Available online at http://www.haworthpress.com/web/SEEIR
2005 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.doi:10.1300/J167v06n04_02 3
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INTRODUCTION
What do Russian resources, or Russica, consist of? The term Russica(its singular is Russicum) is controversial and a bit difficult to define.Some authors count books usually considered the commendable achieve-ments of Polish, Lithuanian, or Belarusian typography as Russianworks. Such thinking can be deemed usurpation of the cultural heritageof these countries. Yet a Russian could make a case for taking into ac-count whether a work’s place of publication was within the borders ofthe Russian state in the year it was published. Citizens of Ukraine andPoland would consider some of the Russica defined in this way to beUkrainica or Polonica. In border areas of Russia, Lithuania, Poland, andUkraine, constantly shifting political boundaries meant that some townsmoved from one country to another–even into brand new countries–fre-quently over the centuries. One would need to follow the history of par-ticular towns, a time-consuming undertaking that probably would noteven make sense in this context. Appreciating the fact that many criteriafor defining term Russica are not perfect, those interested in Russianculture might take into consideration the following indicators:
• The location where the books were printed and whether the placeat that time was within the borders of the Russian state;
• Printed works and documents produced in Russian, particularlywhether the Cyrillic alphabet was used;
• Works created by Russians anywhere in the world (as well astranslations into other languages);
• Works that describe Russia, regardless of the language or national-ity of the author.
To consider all of these types of material and to document their pres-ence in Polish collections today is a task suited for a large team of bibli-ographers, who would need to search all the libraries of importantPolish research institutions. Unfortunately, no such comprehensive at-tempt to document the Russica in Poland has been undertaken.
On the basis of information from the National Library in Warsaw–specifically its Pracownia Dokumentacji Ksi�gozbiorów Historycznych(Unit for Documenting Historical Book Collections, part of the Divi-sion of Special Collections)–one can say in principle that there are nocollections in Polish libraries that specialize in Russica. That does notmean that there are not large numbers of Russica in some libraries. (In
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fact, the remainder of this article will highlight the libraries with themost extensive collections of it.) It means that the Russica in Polish li-braries are mainly the result of historical circumstances, not of specialcollecting efforts. It is, however, possible that there was some deliberategathering of Russica at some point in the past.
Mutual contacts between Poland and Russia as neighboring countriesdate back to the origins of both states, but they became more intensive inthe late sixteenth century. At that time many Russians were educated inPolish schools–for example, Akademia Krakowska, or the academies inZamo��, Wilno, and Kiev–but polonophile tendencies vanished duringthe reign of Peter the Great (r. 1689-1725). Later many Polish scholars,especially in the latter part of the eighteenth century, and especiallyfrom the court of the last Polish king, Stanis�aw August Poniatowski(r. 1764-1795), were connected with the Academy of Sciences in St.Petersburg.
The richest collection of Russian-language books in Poland is foundat Warsaw University Library. But again, one must take into consider-ation that this collection was created not as the result of the intentionalgathering of books and documents, but of historical and political cir-cumstances. The same causes resulted in the older Russian books found,for instance, in the holdings of the Warsaw Public Library, the NationalLibrary, or the National Ossoli�ski Institute Library, the last of whichwas in part taken from Lwów and now is housed in Wroc�aw. We alsohave Russica in the Jagiellonian Library in Cracow, simply because itsstaff tried to collect (as the so-called Bibliotheca Patria) the entireprinted output from all the parts of the Polish Republic, despite beingunder Russian rule from the end of the eighteenth century until 1918. Inaddition, the Jagiellonian Library collection had the luck to survive allthe wars, somewhat of a rarity in Polish history.
There were numerous Russian-language publications produced inthose parts of the Polish lands that were incorporated into Russia as theresult of the three consecutive annexations in the years 1772-1795. Inmost of the towns situated in the areas occupied by Russia, there wereRussian printing houses, as well as Russian libraries. There were alsonumerous Polish scholars and literary figures who maintained closeprofessional contacts with Russians. There existed numerous contactsbetween Polish research societies, such as Towarzystwo Przyjació�Nauk w Warszawie (Society of Friends of Scholarship in Warsaw) orAkademia Umiej�tno�ci (Academy of Science), and Russian scientistsand equivalent institutions in Russia proper. Furthermore, Polish and
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Russian civil servants who were employed in Poland at that time gath-ered literary or scientific works in their home libraries, including thosethat were the product of the Russian culture itself. However, because ofthe wars that followed, most of those book collections perished, eitherwith the destruction of the residences housing them, or by being incor-porated into public libraries as gifts or purchases.
As one example, the Polish noble family Czartoryski had its ownsplendid library, and the members of the family were great friends withRussian noble families. Prince Jerzy Czartoryski was a close friend toTsar Alexander, who visited him in his residence in Pu�awy, but thefriendship lasted only until the Polish uprising of 1831 (PowstanieListopadowe [November Uprising]). After the uprising was crushed,Poles suffered repressions and deportations, and the finest items fromthe Czartoryski Library were taken to St. Petersburg, while prince JerzyCzartoryski was forced to emigrate. The Czartoryski Library exists to-day in Cracow (and contains some letters of Tsar Alexander to PrinceJerzy Czartoryski), but its holdings are only a fraction of the originalfamily collection.
WARSAW UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
For a scholar dealing with Russian culture, unquestionably the mostsignificant resources in Poland can be found at Warsaw University Li-brary (Biblioteka Uniwersytecka w Warszawie). It is perhaps worth-while to take a brief look the library’s history, since it also illustrates thefate of other book collections on Polish territory.
The library was founded after Poland lost its independence and thecountry was divided among the three invaders, Austria, Russia, andPrussia. In the capital, Warsaw (which fell to the Russians), WarsawUniversity was created in 1816, and at the same time the university li-brary came into existence. Two years later it received the status of apublic library. Beginning in 1819 the Library received free legal depositcopies from the area of the so-called Kingdom of Poland, which wascreated and ruled by the Russians. The library also subscribed to maga-zines from abroad, among them many Russian ones, and purchased manyworks at domestic and foreign auctions. Bazyli Anastatewicz, a bibliog-rapher and second-hand bookseller who was also a censor of Polishprinted material, sent Polonica from St. Petersburg. The library was en-thusiastically used by local and foreign patrons. It was open two days aweek, and was considered as one of the leading libraries in Europe.
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As a result of the Polish uprising of 1831, Warsaw University and itslibrary were closed. All foreign-language collections, catalogs, and themost valuable collection from the Graphic Cabinet, created by KingStanis�aw August Poniatowski, were taken to St. Petersburg, wherethey were incorporated into the Imperial Public Library. What remainedwere books and manuscripts in Polish and–thanks to the efforts of its di-rector, Samuel Bogumi� Linde–also publications in Russian.
The University reopened in 1862 under the name Szko�a G�ówna(Main School). The library could once again begin to subscribe to Rus-sian serials. It also obtained important Russian gifts, among them thou-sands of volumes of duplicates from St. Petersburg libraries. After thedefeat of the next Polish uprising, the January Uprising in 1864, the Li-brary experienced authoritarian tendencies in the Russification of itsbook collections, which could be seen especially in the acquisition pol-icy. Resources were then divided into three parts: Polonica, foreign ma-terial, and Russica.
In 1869 a decree of Tsar Alexander II transformed Szko�a G�ównainto a Russian university. Books for the library were purchased by Rus-sian book-selling agencies. The library also received donations from theemperor of Russia, namely duplicates from a few important Russianlibraries. That is why Warsaw University Library includes some itemspublished in Western Europe that were previously part of Russian col-lections, a fact that may surprise some scholars. As examples we can listabout 150 items from the collection of the Petersburg General Staff,thirty items from the Russian Academy of Sciences Library, and somefrom the Hermitage. For a scholar working on Russian librarianship,each volume that came from a famous collection will be important, forinstance fifty items of Johann Peter Suchtelen (1751-1836), a general inRussian service. We may also mention the work of the sixteenth-cen-tury “Serge et Alexandre Princes de Gallycin” with a hand-made noteon the item, or a volume from the library of Ivan Shuvalov (1727-1979),a Russian statesman, whose book came to Poland in the period preced-ing the partitions.
In the years 1863-1871 the Library was a division of a Russian mid-dle school, and the policy of Russification continued. One of the pol-icy’s consequences was that the Library became a place where bookcollections of Russian professors and Russian officials were deposited.One donation of this kind–of which some remains still are present inWarsaw University Library–was the collection of Arkadii AndreevichTolochanov.
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Tolochanov was a Russian government official in a few of the largerPolish towns for many years. At the same time, he was an experiencedbook collector (as well as a true admirer of the great Polish poet AdamMickiewicz). Tolochanov’s last will was to donate his entire library toWarsaw University Library. Thus the Library obtained 7,473 works in15,362 volumes, which were carefully listed and stamped with the do-nor’s name. About fifty percent of the collection was in French,twenty-two percent in Russian, and twenty percent in Polish. Includedwere items in a large, closed bookcase, which the testament specifiedcould not be opened earlier than after the passage of fifty years. As itturned out, these were items published outside of the tsarist censorshipof the time, issued mostly by émigré communities. The works mostlyconcerned the Russian revolutionary movement. In Tolochanov’s col-lection there was also a serious collection of journals: some 190 titles inabout 3,800 volumes, as well as many bibliophile editions of the great-est West European works, which for decades have caught the eye of pa-trons visiting the library’s hall. A bronze bust of Tolochanov was thepride of the library director’s office, and it was preserved there untilWorld War II.
Unfortunately not many items from the Tolochanov collection havesurvived until our times. After World War I, in October 1915, Russianauthorities left Warsaw taking with them the most important hold-ings–manuscripts and the oldest publications–to Rostov-on-Don. Therest of the book collection, which remained in Warsaw, moved to Polishhands. After Poland regained its independence in 1918, new efforts weremade to retrieve the works taken during more than 120 years of occupa-tion. As a result of these diplomatic efforts (after the Treaty of Riga, in1921), the Library obtained some Russica, mainly source-books andjournals, as so-called equivalents for holdings taken from the Library.
But what has been preserved until our day? World War II came, andtogether with it came vast, new damage to the University Library hold-ings, at the hands of the Nazis. The consequences of the scattering of thelibrary’s holdings, which took place several times, last to the presentday. A large number of works that previously belonged to the librarystill remain in Russia and Germany.
The result of these historical circumstances is that Warsaw Univer-sity Library houses the richest collection in Poland of Russian-languagepublications of the nineteenth and early the twentieth centuries, and oneof the largest in Europe. Of special value there are the journals and news-papers, which are substantial even after the damage suffered by the col-
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lections. This part of the collection has been inventoried in a printedcatalog (Sta�czak; see Bibliography).
Nowadays when an auction takes place in Poland, there is an unwrit-ten agreement among Polish libraries that Warsaw University Libraryhas priority to purchase Russica, in order to enrich its collection andkeep all Polish Russica in one place, if possible.
RARE RUSSICA IN POLAND
It is difficult to say something about rare Russica in Poland as awhole. All the descriptions in scholarly monographs and journal articlesconcern only individual items or particular kinds of holdings, and referto resources of particular libraries.
Manuscripts
There is a catalog of the manuscripts in East Slavic and South Slaviclanguages in the main Polish libraries compiled by IA. N. Shchapov, inwhich one can find some Russica.
We have also a work on music manuscripts written by a Polish authorin Russian (Byczkowska-Sztaba). The Russica music manuscripts inPolish libraries today are mainly Russian liturgical songbooks of theOrthodox Church and some manuscripts of Russian composers. Musicmanuscripts can be found among the holdings of the following libraries:
• National Library in Warsaw,• Jagiellonian Library in Cracow,• Czartoryski Library in Cracow,• Ossoli�ski Library in Wroc�aw,• Raczy�ski Library in Pozna�,• Library of the Historical Museum in Sanok.
The majority of medieval manuscripts that include Orthodox churchsongs have been microfilmed. Researchers may use those films in theMicrofilm Division (Oddzia� Mikrofilmów) of the National Library inWarsaw. The Polish center of the international music bibliographyRILM (Répertoire International de la Littérature Musicale) has com-piled short descriptions of them. The collection also contains medievalmanuscripts in Church Slavic, which originated in territories that arenow south-eastern Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, and Russia. The
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earliest of them date back to the fifteenth century. As for that part of themusic manuscripts that date from the nineteenth and twentieth centu-ries, some of them are in the National Library and some in BibliotekaWarszawskiego Towarzystwa Muzycznego (The Warsaw Music Soci-ety Library).
Old Printed Books
The oldest of the old printed books are listed in the union catalogIncunabula quae in bibliothecis Poloniae asservantur. There is also acatalog of 1,500 Russian works of the eighteenth century printed usingmodern Cyrillic held by Warsaw University Library (Jaroszewicz-Pieres�awcew).
Also helpful in locating Russica printed up to 1800 in Polish librariesis V. S. Sopikov’s great work published in the beginning of the twenti-eth century, in which all such books in Russian were registered.
We must mention here that in 1491, the world’s first liturgical book inthe Church Slavic language was printed in Cracow, the capital of Polandof that time, by the typographer Szwajpolt Fiol. (Although not in Russian,such material can be considered Russica because Church Slavic is the li-turgical language of the Russian Orthodox Church.) The book contains:“Triod postnaia,” “Triod tsvietnaia,” “Oktoikh” (“Osmoglasnik”), and“Chasoslov.” Later, in the sixteenth century, there were other Polish ty-pographies that printed works in Church Slavic, in such towns as Wilno,Lwów, Zab�udów, and Ostrog. After the new secular Russian alphabetwas introduced, all printing-houses in the towns of eastern Poland be-gan using the new characters.
RUSSICA IN OTHER LIBRARIES
Warsaw
Biblioteka Narodowa (National Library)Address: al. Niepodleg�o�ci 213, 02-086 Warsaw, PolandPhone: 608-2999 or 452-2999 (central switchboard); Special Collec-tions: 831-3241Fax: (+48-22) 825-5251; Special Collections: (+48-22) 635-4498E-mail: [email protected]; Special Collections: [email protected]: http://www.bn.org.pl/
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For the same historical reasons discussed above, the other Polish li-brary with a large number of Russica is the National Library. It has alarge, separate collection of Cyrillic printed works, as well as a unioncard catalog of publications of this kind available in libraries in Poland.(Part of the card catalog has now been published: urawi�ska andJaroszewicz-Pieres�awcew.) However, one should take into consider-ation that it is difficult to use the term Russica for many of the old Cyril-lic printed books and manuscripts held by Polish libraries, since most ofthem come from the territories of Poland’s First Republic and the GrandDuchy of Lithuania. Thus the later Cyrillic publications are not Russicabut rather Ucrainica, especially numerous in the interwar period, as wellas Belorussica.
The majority of the Cyrillic manuscripts came to the National Li-brary from the library of the Greek Catholic Diocese in Przemy�l insoutheast Poland, founded in the first half of the nineteenth century.1The manuscripts of that kind in the holdings of the National Library aredescribed in the work by Andrzej Kaszlej. Some of the most interestingmanuscripts are described in articles by Wanda Budziszewska, JerzyGo�os, and Aleksandr Rogov.
The oldest and most precious of the Cyrillic manuscripts in the Na-tional Library is part of the famous Codex Suprasliensis, from the be-ginning of the eleventh century. The codex was found in 1823 in amonastery in Supra�l by Uniate priest Micha� Bobrowski. It containssaints’ lives to be read during the month of March. The National Libraryholds the largest part (151 cards); the other fragments are in the Nationaland University Library in Lubljana, Slovenia (118 cards), and in theRussian National Library in St. Petersburg (16 cards). There are severalworks published about this document.
Biblioteka Instytutu Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk (Library of theInstitute of Slavistics, Polish Academy of Science)Address: ul. Krakowskie Przedmie�cie 26/28, 00-927 WarsawPhone: (+48-22) 552-05-49E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.ispan.waw.pl/sow/biblioteka.htm
This library holds the most specialized and richest collection ofRussica published after the World War II. The entire Slavic collectioncomprises a total of 112,871 volumes, including 91,596 monographicand 21,275 serial volumes. The main source of acquisitions, apart from
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purchase, is international exchange with about 200 institutions through-out the world–from Slavic countries, Western Europe, and the UnitedStates. The Library owns unique collections of Russica and valuablesets of Russian nineteenth-century journals. In addition to referenceworks, one can find there materials on Russia in such areas as linguis-tics, literature, history, geography, philosophy, religion, and art.
Biblioteka Wydzia�u Lingwistyki Stosowanej i Filologii Wschodnio-s�owia�skich UW (Library of the Faculty of Applied Linguistics andEast Slavic Philology, Warsaw University)Address: ul. Szturmowa 4, 02-678 WarsawPhone: reading room: (+48-22) 55-34-280;circulation desk: (+48-22) 55-34-250Web: http://www.ir.uw.edu.pl/ir/bibl/bobib.htm
The Russica resources number 32,445 monographic volumes, mainlybelles-lettres, history and theory of literature, and literary criticism; and22,860 serial volumes. This library also holds master’s and doctoral the-ses (2,696 vols.). The reading room is open to the public.
Pozna�
Biblioteka Instytutu Filologii Rosyjskiej, Uniwersytet Adama Mickie-wicza w Poznaniu (Library of the Institute of Russian Philology, AdamMickiewicz University)Address: al. Niepodleg�o�ci 4, Collegium Novum, Blok B, 61-874Pozna�Phone: (+48-61) 829-35-85, 829-35-84, Fax: (+48-61) 829-35-75E-mail: [email protected]: http://lib.amu.edu.pl/zakladowe/ifros.htm
This library holds approximately 86,959 monographic and 1,133 se-rial volumes. The library houses the Pracownia Leksykograficzno-Przek�adowa (Lexicographical and Translation Workshop), in which1,500 dictionaries are provided for the use of researchers.
Cracow
Biblioteka Instytutu Filologii Wschodnios�owia�skiej UJ (Library ofInstitute of East Slavic Philology, Jagiellonian University)
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The library has two departments located at two different sites:
1. Biblioteka rosyjska (Russian Library)Address: Ma�y Rynek 4, 31-041 CracowPhone: (+48-12) 423-72-50, ext. 12E-mail: [email protected]
2. Biblioteka ukrai�ska i bia�oruska (Ukrainian and Belarusian Library)Address: al. Mickiewicza 11, 31-120 CracowPhone: (+48-12) 633-63-77, ext. 2521E-mail: [email protected] for both: http://www.filg.uj.edu.pl/ifw/nowa/biblioteka.htm
This library, founded before the World War II, has over 42,500monographic and 12,500 serial volumes. It obtained a few outstandingdonations, for example, many illegal and underground publications ofRussian literature from 1970-79.
Szczecin
Ksi��nica Pomorska (Pomeranian Library, the public library of Pom-eranian region)Address: ul. Podgórna 15/16, 70-205 SzczecinPhone: (+48-91) 48-19-100 (central switchboard); fax: (+48-91) 48-19-115E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.ksiaznica.szczecin.pl/
In 1994 the library separated the Russian-language collection fromits general holdings and created the Russian Reading Room. The Read-ing Room has more than 4,000 volumes, in which fiction predominates,but there are also works on the history and theory of literature, Russianlinguistics, history, philosophy, albums of painting and architecture,dictionaries, encyclopedias, and some translations of general belles-let-tres into Russian. The library subscribes to the most important Russiannewspapers and journals, and patrons can listen to music discs. TheReading Room organizes meetings with interesting people, exhibitions,and poetry evenings. The Library has cooperation agreements with li-braries in Moscow and St. Petersburg. The Russian libraries have prom-ised to help enrich the holdings of Ksi�nica Pomorska, and they alsosupport the idea of creating a Slavic library in Szczecin.
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Lublin
Biblioteka Uniwersytecka Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego (KUL)(University Library of Lublin Catholic University)Address: ul. Chopina 27, 20-023 LublinPhone: (+48-81) 445-31-49 or 445-31-52; fax (+48-81) 445-31-51E-mail: [email protected]: http://pater.kul.lublin.pl/
The Library came into existence in 1918 after Poland regained inde-pendence. The first holdings were collected by Polish emigrants ofPetrograd, numbering 40,000 volumes. Among the other theological andhumanistic works were also many on the history of Russia and entire li-braries donated by Russian professors from St. Petersburg. Unfortu-nately, only 26,000 of those volumes reached the library until 1925–aspart of compensation from the Soviet Union for Polish library holdingstaken during the period of occupation. Among them were some Russianbooks and journals of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentiethcentury. The library also received the collection of Bronis�aw Ussas(1885-1977), a Polish priest from the former Mohylev Diocese. It con-tains copies of documents from archives in Warsaw, Wilno, Grodno,and Petersburg, along with material concerning the history of the Ro-man Catholic and Uniate Churches in Russia and on territories annexedby Russia (territories of the former Polish Republic) from the nineteenthto the beginning of the twentieth century.
CONCLUSION AND RESOURCESFOR RESEARCHERS
The topic of Russian resources in Poland awaits further elaboration.The rich collections of Russica (especially rich in Warsaw UniversityLibrary) are not the fruit of special collecting efforts in Poland or byPoles. They are mainly the results of political and historical circum-stances. Due to the many wars, the holdings of Polish, or even previ-ously existing Russian libraries (and with them their Russian holdings)were removed from Poland, entirely or in parts, and were often de-stroyed in the process. That is why it is still difficult to assess in generalhow many Russica have been preserved to our times. One would need to
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analyze catalogs of the printed books and special collections in particu-lar libraries, especially those in the territories that were incorporatedinto Russia.
The majority of Polish research libraries have published catalogs oftheir manuscripts and old printed books. Also of help for a researchersearching for Russica in Poland are the union catalogs of special collec-tions compiled by the National Library in Warsaw, since they collectthe data from many Polish libraries. As for post-World War II publica-tions, many libraries compile catalogs of their current foreign journalsevery year. There are also catalogs of foreign journals preserved in par-ticular towns and regions of Poland. Finding Russica is becoming easieras more and more Polish library catalogs, including union catalogs, areaccessible online. (See the Appendix for details on union catalogs of allkinds.) Internet and e-mail correspondence also make research easierand faster. Polish libraries offer contacts on their homepages, and onecan find more and more information in their catalogs. Librarians will-ingly help patrons by answering questions about resources via e-mail,regular mail, telephone, or fax. Most of the time, answers can even beprovided in English.
In the first years after the political changes of the early 1990s, Slavicliterature was talked about in Poland almost with embarrassment. Thattendency has definitely disappeared recently. More and more youth nowwant to learn Russian, a language that Poles almost completely stoppedteaching some years ago. In the last decade about 700 books were pub-lished in Poland devoted to Slavic literature as a whole, evidence of a dis-tinct renaissance. Maintaining mutual research and cultural contacts withRussia, Poland’s largest eastern neighbor, is obviously a necessity. Forthat reason, major libraries take care to acquire the latest Russian publi-cations in their collecting scope. The importance of Russia to Polandand the need to intensify such contacts is underlined by the fact thatRussia was chosen to be the honored guest of the Warsaw InternationalBook Fair in 2004.
NOTE
1. A catalog of this part of the collection, compiled by the priest Jan Ba�yk, maybe used in the Special Collections Reading Room at the National Library in War-saw.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Be�za, Igor et al., eds. Kultura polska XVIII i XIX w. i jej zwi�zki z kultur� Rosji:Sympozjum, Nieborów, pa�dziernik 1978. (Polish Culture of the Eighteenth andNineteenth Centuries and Its Links with the Culture of Russia: Symposium, Nieborów,October 1978). Wroc�aw: Zak�ad Narodowy im. Ossoli�skich, 1984.
Berkov, P. N. Russko-pol’skie literaturnye sviazi v XVIII veke (Russo-Polish LiteraryConnections in the Eighteenth Century). Moscow: Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR,1958.
B�o�ska, M. “Druki cyrylickie w Polsce” (Cyrillic Printed Books in Poland). Przegl�dBiblioteczny, 1962, no. 3:229-236.
Brykalska, Maria. “Ksi�gozbiór Arkadego To�oczanowa w Bibliotece UniwersytetuWarszawskiego” (The Book Collection of Arkadii Tolochanov in Warsaw Univer-sity Library). Roczniki Biblioteczne 3, no. 1-2 (1959): 97-164.
You can find here comprehensive information about the splendid donation andabout Tolochanov himself.
Budziszewska, Wanda. “R�kopisy po�udniowos�owia�skie w zbiorach specjalnychBiblioteki Narodowej w Warszawie” (South Slavic Manuscripts in the Special Col-lections of the National Library in Warsaw). Rocznik Slawistyczny 30 (1969):46-52.
Byczkowska-Sztaba, Jolanta. “Russkie rukopisknye fondy v pol’skikh bibliotekakh”(Russian Manuscript Collections in Polish Libraries). In Russkie muzykal’nyearkhivy za rubezhom (Russian Musical Archives in Foreign Countries), compiledby I. V. Breznenva, 31-34. Moscow: Moskovskaia gos. Konservatoriia, 2000.
Chwalewik, Edward. Zbiory polskie: archiwa, bibljoteki, gabinety, galerje, muzea iinne zbiory pami�tek przesz�o�ci w ojczy�nie i na obczy�nie (Polish Collections: Ar-chives, Libraries, Offices, Galleries, Museums, and Other Collections of Relics ofthe Past in Poland and in Foreign Countries). 2 vols. Cracow: Wyd. J. Mortkowicza;Warsaw: Towarzystwo Wydawnicze w Warszawie, 1926-1927. Reprint, Cracow:Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza, 1991.
This work gives a picture of Polish library resources in the interwar period. Itmentions all the libraries, archives, and museums: public ones, ones attached toschools and monasteries, and private ones. Collections discussed are arranged ac-cording to the towns in which they are housed. The book presents the history of eachlibrary and gives a short characterization of its resources and collections.
Cubrzy�ska-Leonarczyk, Maria. “O nowy kszta�t wspó�pracy Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiejw Warszawie z bibliotekami b. ZSRR w zakresie ksi�gozbiorów historycznych”(On the New Shape of Cooperation Between Warsaw University Library and theLibraries of the Former USSR in the Field of Historical Collections). Z bada� nadpolskimi ksigozbiorami historycznymi 15, Zbiory rozproszone (1993): 17-25.
[Duplikaty z Cesarskiej Biblioteki Publicznej w Petersburgu dla Biblioteki G�ównejUniwersytetu Warszawskiego (Duplicates from the Imperial Public Library in St.Petersburg for Warsaw University Main Library)]. Czas 1862, no. 188:2; no. 190:1;Dziennik Powszechny 1862, no. 182:759; Gazeta Warszawska 1862, no. 47:2;Kurier Warszawski 1862, no. 186:1055.
16 SLAVIC & EAST EUROPEAN INFORMATION RESOURCES
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Go�os, Jerzy. “Manuscript Sources of Eastern Chants Before 1700 in Polish Libraries.”Studies in Eastern Chant 3 (1974): 25-27.
Incunabula quae in bibliothecis Poloniae asservantur. Moderante Alodia Kawecka-Gryczowa, composerunt Maria Bohonos et Elisa Szandorowska. 3 vols. Wroc�aw:Ex Officina Instituti Ossoliniani, 1970.
Jaroszewicz-Pieres�awcew, Zoja. Druki cyrylickie z oficyn Wielkiego Ksistwa Litewskiegow XVI-XVIII wieku (Cyrillic Printed Material from the Offices of the Grand Duchyof Lithuania in the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century). Olsztyn: WydawnictwoUniwersytetu Warmi�sko-Mazurskiego, 2003.
Kaszlej, Andrzej. “R�kopisy cyrylickie w zbiorach Biblioteki Narodowej wWarszawie” (Cyrillic Manuscripts in the Collections of the National Library in War-saw). In Prace badawcze i bibliograficzne nad zbiorami rzadkich i cennych ksi��eki dokumentów: materia�y z seminarium polsko-radzieckiego, Warszawa 8-10pa�dziernika 1985 (Research and Bibliographical Works on Collections of Rareand Valuable Books and Documents: Materials from a Polish-Soviet Seminar, War-saw, October 8-10, 1985), 77-86. Warsaw: Biblioteka Narodowa, 1991.
Naumov, Aleksander F. “Najstarsze r�kopisy cyrylickie w dzisiejszych bibliotekachpolskich” (The Oldest Cyrillic Manuscripts in Contemporary Polish Libraries).Zeszyty Naukowe Wydzia�u Humanistycznego Uniwersytetu Gda�skiego, Slawistyka3 (1982): 183-189.
Obwieszczenia rz�dowe i administracyjne (Government and Administration An-nouncements: [Russian Books for the Main Library]). Dziennik Warszawski, 1868,no. 213:2219.
Rogov, Aleksandr I. “Kirilicheskie rukopisi v knigokhranilishchakh Pol’shi” (Cyrillic[i.e., Ukrainian and Belarusian] Manuscripts in Repositories in Poland). Studiaród�oznawcze 14 (1969): 153-167.
Róziewicz, Jerzy. Polsko-radzieckie stosunki naukowe w latach 1918-1939 (Polish-So-viet Scholarly Relations in the Years 1918-1939). Wroc�aw: Zak�ad Narodowy im.Ossoli�skich, 1979.
Róziewicz, Jerzy. Polsko-rosyjskie powi�zania naukowe, 1725-1918 (Polish-RussianScholarly Connections). Wroc�aw: Zak�ad Narodowy im. Ossoli�skich, 1984.
Rusek, Jerzy, Wies�aw Witkowski, and Aleksander Naumow, eds. Najstarsze drukicerkiewnos�owia�skie i ich stosunek do tradycji rkopi�miennej: materia�y z sesji,Kraków 7-10 XI 1991. (The Oldest Church Slavic Printed Material and its Rela-tionship to the Manuscript Tradition). Cracow: Instytut Filologii S�owia�skiejU[niwersytetu] J[agiello�skiego],1993.
Shchapov, Iaroslav Nilolaevich (Szczapow J. N.). “Cyrylickie ksi�gi r�kopi�mienne zezbioru Biblioteki Ordynacji Zamojskiej w Bibliotece Narodowej w Warszawie”(Cyrillic Manuscript Books from the holdings of the Zamojski Estate Library in theNational Library in Warsaw). Rocznik Biblioteki Narodowej 11 (1975): 279-309.
Shchapov, Iaroslav Nikolaevich. Vostochnoslavianskie i iuzhnoslavianskie rukopisnyeknigi v sobraniiakh Pol’skoi Narodnoi Respubliki = Wschodnios�owia�skie ipo�udniowos�owia�skie ksigi rkopi�mienne w zbiorach Polskiej RzeczypospolitejLudowej (East Slavic and South Slavic Manuscript Books in Collections of the Pol-ish People’s Republic). 2 vols. Moscow: Institut istorii SSSR, 1976.
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Svodnyi katalog russkoi knigi grazhdanskoi pechati XVIII veka, 1725-1800 (UnionCatalog of Russian Books in Russian Type of the Eighteenth Century). 5 vols. Mos-cow: Izd. Gosudarstvennoi biblioteki SSSR, 1963-1967.
Most of the eighteenth-century books held in Warsaw University Library arementioned in this catalog. Although they are not bibliographic rarities, they makeup a respectable historical Russian collection.
Sopikov, V. S. Opyt rossiiskoi bibliografii, ili Polnyi slovar’ sochinenii i perevodovnapechatannykh na slavenskom i russkom iazykakh ot nachala zaviedeniia tipografiido 1813 goda (Attempt at a Russian Bibliography, or Complete Dictionary ofWorks and Translations Printed in the Church Slavic and Russian Languages Fromthe Beginning of the Establishment of Typography to 1813). 2nd ed. 5 vols. SaintPetersburg: V Tipografii Imperatorskogo teatra, 1904-1906.
Sta�czak, Edward, ed. Katalog czasopism rosyjskich Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej wWarszawie (Catalog of the Russian Periodicals of Warsaw University Library).Warsaw: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, 1987.
The listing is arranged alphabetically by title. Here are included serials printed inRussian on the territories of Russian Empire of that time and beyond its borders, in-cluding those printed from the second half of eighteenth century through 1916. Thefirst volume covers the letters A through J. Other volumes are planned, but they arenot yet ready. The whole catalog will consist of three parts comprising: (1) journals,(2) reports, and (3) calendars. There is full information on holdings, i.e., the workcontains lists of the volumes of a title held as well as call numbers.
Tomaszewska, Marianna, and Krystyna Korku�. “Dzia�alno�� Czytelni RosyjskiejKsi�nicy Pomorskiej w Szczecinie” (Activities of the Russian Reading Room ofthe Pomeranian Library in Szczecin). Bibliotekarz Zachodnio-Pomorski 39, no. 4(1998): 31-33.
Wilgocki, Jerzy. Zagraniczne czasopisma muzyczne w bibliotekach polskich (ForeignMusic Periodicals in Polish Libraries). Pozna�: Ars Nova, 1993.
Witkowska. Barbara. Czasopisma zagraniczne w bibliotekach naukowych Szczecina:Informator (Foreign Periodicals in Szczecin Scholarly Libraries: Guide). Szczecin:Ksi�nica Szczeci�ska, 1992.
Witkowski, Wies�aw. Katalog druków cyrylickich Muzeum Zamku w �a�cucie (Cata-log of the Cyrillic Printed Material of the Castle Museum in �a�cut). Cracow:Uniwersytet Jagiello�ski, Muzeum Zamkowe w �a�cucie, 1994.
urawi�ska, Zofia, and Zoja Jaroszewicz-Pieres�awcew, comps. Katalog drukówcyrylickich XV-XVIII wieku w zbiorach Biblioteki Narodowej (Catalog of the Cyril-lic Printed Material of the Fifteenth through Eighteenth Century in the Collectionsof the National Library). Warszawa: Biblioteka Narodowa, 2004.
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APPENDIX
Union Catalogs of Polish LibrariesUseful for Finding Russian Resources in Poland
GENERAL
KaRo (Katalog Rozproszony Bibliotek Polskich)http://karo.umk.pl/Karo/karo.php?al=x&lang=en
Union catalog of about sixty Polish libraries. Contains mainly acquisitionsfrom 1990s and later. Includes NUKat libraries and also some foreign ones.
NUKat (Narodowy Uniwersalny Katalog Centralny)http://www.nukat.edu.pl/katalog
National union catalog of about fifty research libraries. Began later thanKaRo.
MONOGRAPHS
Centralny katalog wydawnictw zwartych s�owia�skich i dotycz�cych S�o-wia�szczyzny w Bibliotece Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego i Bibliotece Narodowej:wg stanu na rok 1949 (Central Card Catalog of Slavic Monographs and Bookson Slavic Subjects Held by the National Library and the University Library inWarsaw: Current as of 1949).
Compiled under guidance of Slavic Committee in Poland. Catalog is in Na-tional Library (NL). It has never been updated.
Centralny Katalog Ksi��ek Zagranicznych: nowe nabytki w bibliotekachpolskich (Union Catalog of Foreign Books: New Acquisitions in Polish Li-braries).
Published since 1958. Now available online in electronic format from Na-tional Library. On NL’s website (http://www.bn.org.pl/), click on MAKDatabases, then Katalogi Centralne. Catalog is divided into two databases:Centralny Katalog Ksi��ek Zagranicznych, 1975-1986 (http://mak.bn.org.pl/cgi-bin/makwww.exe?BM=10) and Centralny Katalog Ksi��ek Zagran-icznych, 1987- (http://mak.bn.org.pl/cgi-bin/makwww.exe?BM=5).
Monographs published before 1975 can be checked in a card catalog at theNational Library.
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APPENDIX (continued)
SERIALS
Centralny Katalog Czasopism Polskich (Union Catalog of Polish Serials)
Another National Library database. From NL’s website (http://www.bn.org.pl/), click on MAK Databases, then Katalogi Centralne, or access di-rectly at <http://mak.bn.org.pl/cgi-bin/makwww.exe?BM=7>. Covers se-rials published 1801–1950, including serials printed during partition period(1801–1918), when some of them were in Russian. Gives name and addressdata of libraries holding title, but does not list particular volumes or issues.
Centralny Katalog Bie��cych Czasopism Zagranicznych (Union Catalog ofCurrent Foreign Serials)
Serials held by Polish research, special, and some municipal libraries.Some popular journals (for example, Krokodil’) are omitted. First issuepublished 1961, listing publications of 1957. Still being published in print.Available in two online versions:
• Centralny Katalog Czasopism Zagranicznych, 1986–1998 (Union Catalogof Foreign Serials) from National Library (access like other NL union cata-logs, or directly at <http://mak.bn.org.pl/cgi-bin/makwww.exe?BM=6>),and
• Wykaz Czasopism Naukowych Importowanych do Polski (List of ScholarlySerials Imported Into Poland; <http://kbn.icm.edu.pl/DS/index1.htm>)from Komitet Bada� Naukowych (Committee for Scholarly Research).This version arranges serials by subject.
CATALOGS OF SPECIAL COLLECTIONS
General
Centralny Katalog Mikrofilmów (Union catalog of microfilms)
Card catalog compiled by National Library. Lists microfilms of rare andvaluable printed works, manuscripts, music scores, pieces of graphicart, etc., held by Polish libraries. Many parts published in KatalogMikrofilmów (Warszawa : Biblioteka Narodowa, Stacja Mikrofilmowa,1951- ), of which thirty-six volumes have appeared to date.
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Old Printed Works
Incunabula quae in bibliothecis Poloniae asservantur. Moderante AlodiaKawecka-Gryczowa, composerunt Maria Bohonos et Elisa Szandorowska.3 vols. Wroc�aw: Ex Officina Instituti Ossoliniani, 1970.
Union catalog compiled on basis of data on approximately 20,000 printedworks published before 1500. Holdings of 108 Polish libraries.
Druki XVI-XVIII w.: katalog mikrofilmów (Old Printed Works of the Sixteenthto Eighteenth Centuries: Catalog of Microfilms)
Online union catalog from National Library. Access like other NL union cat-alogs, or directly at <http://mak.bn.org.pl/cgi-bin/makwww.exe?BM=21>.Registers holdings of National Library, University Library in Wroc�aw,Ksi�nica Pomorska in Szczecin, and Library of Polish Academy of Sci-ences in Gda�sk.
Maps
�ody�ski, Marian et al., eds. Centralny katalog zbiorów kartograficznych wPolsce (Union Catalog of Cartographical Collections in Poland). Warsaw:Instytut Geografii PAN; Biblioteka Narodowa, 1961-.
So far there are six volumes, published 1961-2000. They cover maps andatlases printed 1482-1945. Additional volumes are in preparation.
Manuscripts
Shchapov, Iaroslav Nikolaevich. Vostochnoslavianskie i iuzhnoslavianskierukopisnye knigi v sobraniiakh Pol’skoi Narodnoi Respubliki = Wschodnios�o-wia�skie i po�udniowos�owia�skie ksigi rkopi�mienne w zbiorach PolskiejRzeczypospolitej Ludowej (East Slavic and South Slavic Manuscript Books inCollections of the Polish People’s Republic). 2 vols. Moscow: Institut istoriiSSSR, 1976.
Lists manuscript books from eleventh through nineteenth centuries. Ar-ranged by town and then by library. Vol. 1: Ruskopisi sobranii Varshavy iKrakova; vol. 2: Ruskopisi sobranii Liublina, Peremyshlia, Sanoka,Poznani, Kurnika i Vrotslava. Print run of only 350 copies.
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APPENDIX (continued)
National Library’s union card catalogs and book catalogs of manuscripts em-phasizing Polish library holdings. Potentially useful for finding manuscriptsby foreigners as well as by Poles. Three catalogs:
• Centralny katalog spu�cizn literackich (Union Catalog of PosthumousLiterary Collections).Catalog lists such literary authors as novelists, poets, journalists, and cul-tural publicists from end of eighteenth century through first half of twen-tieth century. Brings together collections of libraries, museums, andother institutions (excluding archives) in Poland and–if possible–fromabroad. Each entry includes personal information, autobiographical ma-terial, personal documents, materials on person’s work and activities,manuscripts or copies of works, translations, correspondence, etc.
• Danuta Kamolowa, comp. Zbiory rkopisów w bibliotekach i muzeach wPolsce (Collections of Manuscripts in Libraries and Museums in Po-land). Warsaw: Biblioteka Narodowa, 1988.Arranged by place. Each entry contains name of library or museum, ad-dress, and history and characteristics of collection. Includes indexes ofpersonal, geographical, and corporate names; subject index (sample sub-ject: Cyrillic manuscripts).
• Bibliography of works on manuscript collections (card catalog).Registers all catalogs, inventories, works printed in journals or inmonographs about manuscript collections or particular manuscriptitems. Arranged alphabetically by place of holding library. Also in-cludes collections that no longer exist and have only historical impor-tance, as well as Polonica from abroad. Lists current and older worksbeginning with end of nineteenth century. History of manuscript collec-tions; data on manuscripts lost during wars.
Music
Katalog mikrofilmów muzycznych (Catalog of Music Microfilms)
Card catalog in National Library
Bindings
Indeks opraw (Union Card Catalog of Old Bindings)
Card catalog in National Library, Dzia� Zbiorów Specjalnych (Special Col-lections Division)
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Provenance (Place of Origin)
Union card catalog of provenance of printed works from fifteenth and six-teenth centuries.
In National Library, Dzia� Zbiorów Specjalnych, Zak�ad Starych Druków(Special Collections Division, Old Prints Department)
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