7/23/2019 Rowland Hope

1/5

.fenish

Life and

T'hought

t

tht Beginning

/-the

Christian

ra

and his powers.

N{oses'

mprisonment

n

the

ark

of

bulrushes

an(l

hi .

weeping

speak

f the

mprisoned

oul

yearning

or

the

mmaterial.

1,,.::

has

o

have

Aaron

to

speak or

him,

because

els

the

Logos,

"na

tn"

airl;)

Logos

needs

some

kind

of

mediation

u'ith

the

marerial

"uita

(M;;r-;;:i:

The

flight

from

Eglpt

is naturally

enough

seen

as he

flight

ortn.

,o"r

i.,,,1,

the

material

world

(Pa.ir.

55).

Nloses

s

the

one

who

can

-uo.

'.n

uv

t.rii,ll]

them

out

of the

sensible

orld

to

an

apprehension

f

God

(Ge.

5i1.1--"'xfhe

Torah,

rherefore,

n

Philo'i

thought

provicres

'thJ

means

61

ascertaining

ow

to

gain

communion rvith that erernalworld. nt"n n..j,

v.irtue

as

.a )vay

of existing

.(pos.t.

z-57),

and

this has

t*'o

.i,1"0,

iil.

theoretical

(communion

with

the

eteinal)

and

the

practicai

g,u,nrn

relationships)

Leg

Alleg.

ry6-8),

though

he is

n no

doubi

that

the

"rrir".

s

communion

with

the.

divine.

fhe

practical

and

the

theoretical

sidc,

oi

man's

existence

re

well illustrated

bv

his

treatment

of'circumcision,

vhere

the

benelits

f

the

rite

from

a

practicir

as

well

asa

spiritual oint

orvi.ru

r.

brought

out

(Spec.

eg.

rz-tzl.

It

would

be

wrong

to

think

of Philo

merely

as

an

eccentric

rn1,stic,

concerned

olely

with

escape

rom

the

real

norld.s{

t is

clear

hat he

na s

well-connected

n

Alexandrian

ocietv.

ndeed,

his nephew

was

1'.

Julius

Alerander,_an

postateJeu-,

vhor"ar

Ro-"n procuratoi

ofJudaea

nd

ater

prefect

of

rgypt.

Philo's political

concerns

are particulariy

evident

n his

accountof the embassy o the Emperor Gaius (cf.Ant. rg.z5g),3-i nd the

representations

ade

concerning

Gaius'

abortive

attempt

o-

ntroduce

statue

of himself

into

the

Temple

in

Jerusalem.

t is

a

rvork of

great

importance

for

our

understanding

of ihe

delicate

balance

of relaiions

betw*eenJews

nd

pagans

n

Eg1pt,

and

the

extenr

o

rvhich

official

hostiliq,

against

heJews

ould

ead

o ocal

anti-Jewish

cts

e.g.

Embassj

3z).

t

also

speaks

f

the

various

\,ays

n

which

Romans

have

entlh.it

ruppuii

to

Jews

(276f.,).and

he

respect

which

Judaism

shows

o rhe

"-p"roi

crespiie

ts

unwillingness

o

participate

n

the cult

(r57).

similar apologetic

morivc

can

be

discerned

n

the

work

.Iz Flaccum,

wirictr

catalogues

h*e

nfamv

of'the

prefect

of Eg1pt,

Flaccus,

nd his

anti-lewish

activii ies.

.

The

complexitv

of Philo's

thought

"nd

th.

sophistication

f

his

biblical

int-erpretationmake the summaryof his thoughi in small spacean unjust

reflection

of the place

of this

thinker

in

the

gamut

ofJeu'ish

hought.

While

AlexandrianJewish

heology

may

not

have

bien

rypical

of what

was

going

on

elservhere

n

the

synagogues

of

the Diaspora,

it

u'oulcr be

rwong

t0

underestimate

he

contribution

made

o the historv

of

relision bv Philo

and

similar

thinkers.

fhe

christian

Platonists

of

Alexandria

at

the

end

of

the

second

century

onv.ards

manifestlvstand

n

a

tradition

which stems

roln

Philo.36

Behr.een

Philo

ancl Clement and Origen

there

stand

the

earll'

gnostic

hinkers

about

whom

so

ittle is knorvn.

t has

been

coniectured

itx

some plausibility

hat

the reason

or

this is that

the

early

second-centul-1

86

The

Etprtssion

l'Hopt

foffflof

he

religion n

Alexandria vas

gnostic

n

character.:r7

ertainlr,the

anostic

nfluences

n Clement

are

evident

asalso s the fact

hat Eglpt

has

lroduced

one of the

foremost

estimonies

o

gnostic

eligion

n

the

Nag

fuammadi

ibran'.

Philo's own religion

alreadvhas

he seedswithin it

of

some

of

the main features

of

gnostic

religion.3s

Clearlv we

are still a

considerable

istance

rom the

anti-Semitic

svstems

f

the mid-second

.rntury

with their

dual ist icheologics. ut thc

mcdiator ial

vstemn

Phi lo

md

he

dualism

orn rom he nfluence

f

Platonic hilosophy

re

he

seed-

bed or those featureswhich were to becomeso much part of the enostic

religion.

he writings

of Philo, therefore,not

onlv

point

us

to the vitalit]' of

theJewish

mind

as t sought

o commend ts faith in

a

pagan

environmenr,

but

also

ook

fonvard to religious

developments

n

both

Christianitv and

gnosticism

or u,hich

he.v

vere

he

precursor.

T4

T'heExpression

f Hopel

(a)An Outline tf'JewishEschatolog,

The

uture

hope nJudaism

and for that matter

also

n Christianity

s often

reated

as f it

were an appendage

o other belief'sand

practices

.vith

he

implicit

assumption

hat it is in

fact

peripheral

o an

understanding

of

the

religious

deas

of

the tu'o communities . It may indeed

be true that

eschatology

as

become

an

tem which s far

rom central o

the

deas

of both

religions.

ut

in

the firsr centurv t uould

be a

grossdistortion

o imagine

that

he

furure

hope rvas

peripheral.

.

lt

is

only

when

rve ecognize

hat when

we speak f the future hope

n'e

are

dealing

with

something

nregral o

faith rhat ve

can

properlv

appreciatets

cennality.

For

Jeu's

he

promise

of a final vindicationof his

people

and the

establishment

6f a new

order n which

God'sways

vouldpre"ailrvas

belief

wltichhad ts roots n the covenant elationship tself (z Sim. 2.8f.).We have

ateady

seen

hat

one wing of

the

covenant

romise'between

od and

hi s

People

ad

a messianic

oi.por,.nt.

Thus

the

prophetic

hopesconcerning

a

rl$hteous

leader

who

would

act as he

ng.nt

oiGod

in

delii 'ering is

p"oil.

sa.

rr),

many

of

rvhich

were

hemselveiderived

rom

the David"ic ovenanr

ftornises

Ps.

89, gz;

Ps.

Sol. r7),

exercised

heir own influence

on the

Itrlagination

of theJiwish people.

Wh.n this

was allied

o the

promise

made

|l-the

whole

nation

that

they would

inherit

a

land

flowing

with

milk and

_

--

yvr ru rL

r r4 r ru l r

u r4 r L r lc ) wuu lu

l .u l l t r I l t

a

ra l lu

I ruwl l rg

WIL I I

lll.V,

it

becomes

asy

o seewhy n rhe

age

ofJesus her e sf,ould

have

been

htense

expectation

of

redemption. The fact

is as we

have

seen

that the

87

7/23/2019 Rowland Hope

2/5

Jenish

ife

and hought

t rhe

Begirrning

/'rrre

rtristiutt

ru

promise

made

o

the

people

.vas

ar

from

being

ulfi l led.

Trvo

constant

eatures

f

the

eschatological

ipectation

during

his

oe";.,-,

are

he

belief

hat

a ne\\-age

'ould

co-.

of

p".cb,

righteou*"J;;;

i l;: l

when

he

aith

of the

righteous

would

be vindicated;-ancl,ht.;;;;;,1;

,i::

before

this

age

would

come

about

a

periocr

of

ser,eie

ir,;.:;,';;ii*;i

"i1j

:::T:j.tr"rder

and

pheaval

f

a rnbst

araclvsmic

i"d,;;ft"i;i;;,il:

one

of

rhe

consranr, fearures

fJervish

schatological

cr ief

s

thc.hi , , r -

pl lg. t 'of

thc

nerv

ge,

he

messiani i

oes.r ' fhese, i" i r ," ,"r i "r ' . , , j^, , . l l i l

'vhich, it was belie'ed, had to precede he,c-oming

"f

G;;;'k---;i;:iiT

find

the

belief

in

the

Neiv

Teitamenr

in

lr11[tj7ri.ir"a"o*;;"il;ili;

Rom'

8.rgff.;

Rev,

6,

8

and g,

ft).These

disasiers

nclud'eo

ntensified

human.

uffering

hrough

rvars-and

aturar

disasters

"na

dirt*tr"nces

*.hich

upset

he

normalpattern

fplanetary,behar.iour.

he

idea

s

hintea

at

brieflr.

in

Daniel

rz.r

but

s

clearlv

vident

n

the

ate

second

entun

sc

inJubiiees

4..r.tf .sometimes,

s.in

Re'elation,

here

s

"

q;o;;

;imJssianic

ur_,es

u'hich

has

ro

be

completecr

efore

he

kingdom

nn"riy

.o."s,

(e.g.,

r.r.

Baruch

z5fr.) '

n

some

seudepiqapha

his

eries

of

disasters;;"d,iJ;;

part

of

the

udgement_of

God.

Thus,

for

example,

n

Jubilees

here

s

no

mention

made

of a final

assize.

v

means

f

these

u"n*"rt

"

*ai

ispa"ea

o,

the reign

of

God

ro.co.me

bout;

he

disaste^

ur"

,n" 'a ir i " i r . .

ordaincd

m.g-ans

f

removingall that standsn rhe way of the fulfilmeniof'the cli'ine

will.

Belief

n

the

coming

of

a new

age

of peace

nd

ustice

s

firmly

rooted n

the

Scriprurgs

e.s.,

sa.

r:

Ezek.

off.;'Zech.

.zoff.,

qj,+).

ii;;i*,"

if",

a study

of

the pseudep_igrapha

hat passages

ike

isaiah'rr

conrinuc.clo

exercise

n mportant

nfluence.

n

ouiearliJst

texts

he

"t"it"i.rr.racer

of

the

nerv

age

s

hardly

discussed.

All

we

have

n

trr"

uoor.

oi Danicl,

fbr

example'

s

the

conviction

hat

an

everlasring

ingdom

oua

be establrshed

on

earth

which

could

rot.be

destroyed,

whln

tii.

rrintt-roriJ

reign

1r.44,

7.2).This

rvould

nvolve

udgemenion

the

nations

{'the

world

r".i lt i. ira

would

,be

preceded

by

a

time

of

distress

rz.r).

n

the

ea.lieri prrlt

rr

t

pnocf

"^"

fill general

predictions

concerning

he

renewar

of creation,

\\ 'nere

he

lood

n

the

ime

ofNoah

has

become

rype

ofthe

destruction

nd

renewal to be undergoneat

the

eschaton

rorZl:n--uch

longer

eschatological

assage

s

to

be

found

in

r

Enoch

iis-go,

in'

wt

icr,

rhe

different,persons

re

represented

y

animals

and

birds

(hJ;;.

ii, namc,

he

Animal

Apocalypse).

This

takes

he

form

of

a histonl

of the

world

lrom

creation

to

eschaton.

'he

latter

is

said

to

"r..

pi"*

,oor,

,it..

tttt

Maccabaean

eriod.

The

rise

of

th"

ttoiliint

at

the

u.'gi""l"g

Jh"

,".*a

century

BC

s

seen

as

he prelude

o

a

rise

oihostile"po*.ri

"nri"rt

rrrr.l

fn?.trt

f.

Sih.

Or.

3.6fuff.\

ollorved

r

the ri"*pf1-r?,i,.'""""f"'"li;ra

Juogement

akes

place

and

then

rhe resroration

f

Zion

witir

the

rishtcous

88

TheExpression

fHope

sutelling

t

peace n the land

(cf.

X'Iatt.

5.5)

and the na tions of

the world

)'"lnowledging

he dominion of

Israel

go.3off.),

fterwards he world is

l-"nsform"d

nto

the

perfection,

which God

originallv

planned (9o.32f.;

f.

iu[,.

afif

.:

Sib.

Or.3.698ff.)

and finall.v he Messiah emerges rom

th e

iornmuntty'

"ln

th.

Apocallpse

of Weeks,3

which

probably

dates rom

a

slightlv ater

neriod,

robably'round

bout he end

of

the

second entur]'BC,ve have

an

iutJine

f

the

histon'of he vorld eparatednto

periods

fweeks.As n most

eschatologicalassagesromJewishandearlvChristian iteraturehe hope

for

he

future

s

centred

on this world,

albeit one

which

hasbeen

purged

of

those

lements

hich have

endered t

unsuitableor

God

G

Enoch

%.gf

;

q.Pff

).

'

This

worldly

eschatologvs also evident n

Jubilees

.4ff

.

and

4.uff

.

Once

again

we find that a deterioration

n

man's condition

precedes

he

coming

f

a time

of

great

happiness, hen

there

s a return

to a studyof the

Law

and

to

the

pattern

of existence s t was at the

beginning

of creation.

Similarly

n

the

Syriac Apocalypse

f

Baruch

we

find

an emphasis

on

the

renewal

f the

v'orld. The messianicwoes

are

bllowed

by the revelation

of

theMessiah

nd he establishmentf God's

eign

on earth,whenBehemoth

andLeviathan

will

be

food for thosewho

are

eft

(zg3ff

).

This time

vvillbe

marked

by

periods

of

great

plenqv.

Here we find, as

n

4Ezra 7.zgf

, that

the

reign

of

the

Messiah will

be

temporary;

his

departure s followed

by

the

udgement.

This

passage

s

npical

of eschatological

eliefs

around the

beginning

f

the

Chrisrian

era:

When

tupor

hall

eize

he nhabitants

f

he

earth,

nd hey

hall all nto

many

tribulations,

nd

again

vhe

hey

hall

all

ntogreat

ormenrs. nd

t

will come o

pass

hen

hev

sav n

their

houehts

v rcason

f

their

much ribulation:

he

Mighty

One

doth

no onger .-.-.nb.. ihe carth

ves,

t will come o

pass

hen

they

bandon

opc.

hat he ime

will hen uake nto

welvc

arts

i that ime

divided,

nd

cach

neofthcm s rescrved

or hat

which s appointedor t.

n the

first

part

here

shallbe the

beginning f commotions. nd n the

second

art

there

hall

e

slayings

f the

great

.rJs.

.rd

n

the hird

part

he all of many y

death.

nd

in

the flurth

pait

the sending

f the sword.

And in the fifth

pait

famineand the withholding f rai n. Anf, in the sixthpart earthquakesnd

terrors.

And

it shallcome

o

pass

n those

arts

hat

he

Messiatr hall

hen

}.nl

.o

be

revealed.

nd

Behemoth

hallbe

revealed rom

his

place

and

Leviathan

hall

scendrom hc

sea,hose

wo

great

monsters hich

created n

the^fifth

day

of

creation,

ndshall

rave ept

u.,til hat ime;and

hen here hall

oe

ood

or

all

hat

are cft.The

earth

hall

ield

ts ruit

en housandold

andon

each

ine

here

hall ea

housandranches...

nd hose

ho

have ungered

shall

eioice:

moreover,

lso hey

hall ehold

marvels

very ay.For

windJshall

go

orth

rom

before

me o bring

everymorning

he ragrance

f aromatic

ruits,

and

at

the

close

of the davcloids distilline

iws of h*ealth.

nd

t shall

come

to

pass

hat

he reasurv

i -r.rrr" shallagiin descendrom

on high,

and hey

89

7/23/2019 Rowland Hope

3/5

ll 1

1t

I

Jewish

ife and Thought

t theBeginningf heChristian ra

(cf

4

Ezra

7.z6ff

) we find that the sequence f messianicwoes s followed

immediately y the

messianic ingdom tself;

nothing whatever s said

aboul

the righteous dead

participating

in that

process.

Only those who

are

fortunate enough to be alive at the time will be able

to

benefit

from

the

blessings f the new age

Syr.

Baruch

zg1ff

).It

is

onlyafter heMessiah

as

returned

in glory

(3o.r)

that the resurrection akes

place

and

perdition

comes or the wicked.

In some exts rom

a

HellenisticJewishmilieu we

find

clear evidence

f

a

belief n the immortaliryof the soul

(e.g.,

Wisd.3.r).tr Certainly

an,v

ar d

and fast distinctionbetweenbelief n

the

resurrection f

the

bod,v

nd

belief

in the immortality of the so ul, on the basis of the ext ent of He llenistic

influence,

s

a

rather

clumsy and m isleading distinction. Thus

Paul,

the

erstwhile Pharisee,

ountenanceshe

possibility

of

some kind

of existence

with God at

death

(Phil.

r.z3;z Cor.5.ff.). Even f

it

may

be thought

that

the

apostle

o t he Gen tiles had come under the infl uence of

excessively

Hellenistic

deas,

he same annotsurelybe saidofthe authorsof Revelation

6.9, where

we

find reference

o the

souls

of

the marryrs crylng

out

for

vengeancerom under the altar.

f

this

passage

nd

z

Corinthians

5.rff.,

are

anyhing to

go

by,

it

seems hat some

Jewish

eschatologies ad

already

combined he notion

of

resurrectionwith

a

belief n immortality,

particularlv

as

a

emporary

existencen heaven or the righteous ead,while they

awaited

the final consummation. n the Testamentof Abraham rof., it is presup-

posed

hat

udgement

akes

place

at

death;

t is then that the

destiny'

f

each

soul s decided.

OtherJewish exts

ndicate

similar kinds of belief.

n r Enoch

zz,

mention

is made

of

different

places

or departedsouls

cf.

4Ezra 7.7;ff

)

and

n

later

texts

here

seems o exist a belief that at death here would be a

place

or

souls

o

exist

(e.g.

Ant.

r1t4; Syr. Baruch

3o.2;4Ezra 4.35;732,8o,

95

and

ror).

In

the

Jewish-Christian

apocalypse,he Ascension

of

Isaiah,

vhich-

probably

dates rom

the

last

part

of the first century

AD,

we

find the

beliel

that

the

righteous dead

have

a

place

in the seventh

heaven with

God,

awaiting

he ascent

f

the

Redeemer

ack o

glory,

before

hey can

don

their

garments

f

glory

(Asc.

sa.

9.8ff.).

Texts ike

these

make t difficult

to

draw

a

distinctionbetweenPalestinian extsuninfluencedby the Hellenisticbelief

in the

immortality

of

the

soul and he texts rom Hellenist icJudaism

where

this doctrine s to

the

fore.rz

(b)

MessianicBetidl3

As

with other

areaswhere the

interests

of

New

Testament

exegetes

ave

demanded

a knowledgeof contemporary

deas,

he

Jewish

beliefJ

about

he

Messiah

have

attracted

a

considerable

mount

of

attention

rom

commenta-

tors.l+

The

fact s

that

the

material

concerning

he

Messiah,

his

activiry

and

92

The

Erpression

f

HoPe

^rare.ctefis

y

no

means

arge. ndeed,

fwe were o

conline ourselves

olelY

llrfr"r.

texts

which

mention

he

term

Messiah

mashiah,

hristos),we

ould

i""i,.

smalt

number

of

textsonly

to consider.

The

impression

given

by

the

ili"," Testament

hat

the

word christos

ad become

such

a

popular

echnical

l.l" ,o

designate

the eschatological

agent

of salvation

s misleading.

F"*infn

in

the

late first-century

apocalypses,

yr.

Baruch and

4

Ezra, we

i,i i .rf ir.nces

to

the

Messiah

(Syr'

Baruch

"9.3;3o.r;

39.8;

40.r;

70'g;

J'l' nEzra'z.z8f;

z.rz).

Who this

anointed

igure s,

the texts

hardly

pause

li Jonrid.t,

ior

little s saidabout

his

activity

and

character.

hus

it

needs o

i""

"ni"t.d

out thatwhenwe refer oJewishmessianic elief it is moreoften

ii.'n

not

the

case

hat

reference

s being

made o

a

arge

cgmplgl

of ideas o

whirh

h.

adjective

messianic

s rather

ooselyappended.

t will be

apparent

ito*

ttr.

following

pages hat

messianic

elief

covers

a much wider

spectrum

oiia..r

than

merely

he belief

in the

coming of

a descendant

f

David.

However

aried

ewish

expectation

oncerning

schatological

ediatorial

fizures

may

havebeen,Jewish

radition

gave

ride

ofplace

o the expectation

ttiat

a

desc"ttdant

of

David would

arise

n the ast

days

o

lead he

people

of

God.ls

As

we have

already een,

uch

beliefswere

ntimately

inked

with the

covenant

f God

with

David,

which stressed

he

eternal

nature of

the

promises

made

o David

and

his descendants.

'

With

the

possibleexception

f

the Similitudes

of

Enoch and

4Bzta

all the

textswhich dealwith the expectationof a messianicdescendant f David

indicate

he belief

that a

human descendant

f

David

would arise

at

the end

of

the

age and by his

actions

would

pave he way

for a

period

of

bliss

for

Israel.

He would

come

rom

the stock

of David

and be a

man ike other

men,

though

nointedwith the

divine

spirit,

and

pave

he

way or an

era

of

bliss

on

earth.

The

best

example

of

such

a belief

is

to

be

found in the

Psalmsof

Solomon

which

offer

us one of

the

most extended

descriptions

of

the

Messiah

rom

our

period:

Behold,

O

God

and

aise p

unto

hem heir

king,

he

sonof David.

At

the ime

which

hou

seest, God,

hat

he may eig n

over

srael

hyservant'

nd

girdhim

with

strength

hat he may

shatterunrighteous

ulers, and

that

he may

purge

Jerusalemlrom

ationshat

rample erdown

o

destruction.

isely,

ighteously

he

shall

hrust

out sinners

rom he

nheritance. e

shall

destroy

he

pride

of

he

sinner sa potter's essel.With a rod of iron he shallbreak n pieces ll their

substance;

ie

shall

estrovhe

godless

ations ith

heword

of his

mouth.

At his

rebuke

he

nations

hall

leebe?ore im.and

heshall eprove

he

sinners

or

he

thoughts

f

heir

hearts.

nd

he

shall

athcr ogether

holy

people

hom

he

shall

lead

n

righteousness,

nd

he shall

udge

he ribes f

his

people hichhas

been

sanctified

by he

Lord hisGod.

And he shall

otsuffer

nrighteousness

o

odge

any

more

n

their

midst,nor

shall heredwell

with them

anyman hat

knoweth

yickedness,

or

he

shall now

hem hat

heyareall

sons

f

God.And

he shall

divide

hem

accordingo their

ribes

upon

ire

and,

andneither

oiourner

or

alien

hall

sojournwiih them

"rry

ot.. He

shall

udge

peoples

ndnationsn

93

ji

t l

1,1

l

tl

I

7/23/2019 Rowland Hope

4/5

the

wisdom

f

his

ighteousness.

nd

he

shall

ave

he

heathen

ations

o

s0rve

uncler

is

yoke;

nd

t.'tft"ff

'gi"it

tftg

1"1a

n

a

place

o

be

seenof

ll

he'ea16'

and

he

shall

purgeJerrr;i#;"*ng

it

holy

as

of

old:

so

hat

nations

hall

orni

;;;;';h;

;;4,

o?

lt

.ri

r,

,o see

h]s

glorybrineing

a5

sifts

her

sons

who

n6

fainted

ncl

o

see

i,.

glo.y

oitt

e

Lord"wherewittiCia

ad

glorified

er..And

i

shall

be

a

righteous

tt[

tuugttt

of

God'

over

hem'

and

there-shall-be

0

,r.igt

"orrn""r,

in

hir-J"i,

in

ihe.ir

midst,

or

all

shall

e

holy

and

heir

king

he

^^.li-"a

of

the

Lord.

f#

tt.

shall

not

put his

rust

n

horse

nd

ider.and

orr,

;;;';h;ll he multiply

r*

t

i-r.ti

gold

an-cl

ilver

or

war,

nor

shall

he

gather

confidence

rom

a

-"f,i*J.

fnt

th[ dayof battle. he Lordhimselfs king, ils

hope

of

him

that

s

mlgiity

s

hrough

his

hope

n God.

All

nations

hall

be n

fear

il"i"r.

ni*

f".

fr"

r"ifitmit.

the

eaith

with

he

word

of his

mouth

or ever'

lc

will

;i;;;h;;61.

of

th.-i.ord

with

wisdom

nd

sladness,

nd

he

himself

will

be

il;

i.ori

sii,

so

th";

h;

mal'-rule

a

great

people'

He

will

reb^uk9

ulers

and

;;;;;;i";;.t

uv,r'.'*Gtilrttit

*oitt

^ttd

eiving

pon

his

God

hroughout

his

days

e

will

,ro,

ru*ii"

for

God

wilimake

him

mighty

by

means

f his

holv

spirit,

and

wise

by

-"."t'"f

the

spirit

of

understanding'

vith

strengh

and

;ilir;il;;.;;.

A;A

tr'"

l1.tti"g

of

the

I

ord

will

be

upon

him;

he

will

be

stro-ng

ffi:il;1;;"fi;r;;p;;1if.

in

the

Lord:

who

hen

can

prevail

over

him?He

will

be

mighty

n

t i,

*Jkt

unJ

strong

n

the

ear

of

God;

he

vill

be

shepherding

the

lock

of

the

Lord

i"i*rftito

and

i"ghteously

nd

will

suffer

none..among

hem

to

stumble

n

tt

"i.

p"rtut".

H

*itt

t.ia

*rem

alt

aright,

and

h^ere

vill

be

no

pride

amonghem hat t*[;"t *t- tho"tdbeoppreisedPs'Solomon7'3it')'

This

extended

quotation

rom

the

Psalms

f

Solomon

will

enable

s

o

see

rhe

main

qualities

"f

;h;;;;.;ndant

of

David.

There

is

no doubt

about

his

humanity.

ndeed

t

-"r:6"

;;iptt'"t"t

like

in

his

days'

and

throughout

his

days'

ndicate

hat

rt

;;;t;;;

iflrtt

1'19*iah

s an

ordinary

mortal'

There

is lide

doubt

that

behind

the

phraseolory

of

this

psalm

there

lies

the

conviction

hat

the

a.r""naunt

of

pavid

iluld

be

expected

o

exercise

military

role

n

purgi";,h.l;;Jand

the

holv

"iry

of

^[

qi.n':*"'tl

He

will

be

supported

y

he

t;t;';;e;-i"**riftt'

Jid's'7'2ff')'

ut

his

dominion

over

he

nations

s a

heme

hich

as

ts

";#;;;"

itt"

UiUticut

.ope

or

he

restoration

f

he

dyilic

ime

of

srael's

omi"nion

nder

David'

Throughout

the quotationutturlorrJio;;;;;

p"tts

of

Scripture

are

"PpttT3"T:t;;;

i;;y-Ir;:-;;t

6o.6ff.).

This

passage

as,with sood eason' een egarocu"

n'ical

of

rhe

entraf

t

uirlt.ririi.,

of

*"rria"nic

eliel

with

ts

emphasis

n

;il".'h;;;';;;;il;

"f

Darid,

r'"

"unqui't'i"g

i'rf""r':

H.il,1ii?

establishment

f

a

r.igtt

of

lt"ticeand

peac-t

n

earth

under

the