BON VOYAGE September 2013

Fasten your seatbelts as we take you around the world to explore the principles and elements of design seen in some of the most famous monuments know to man. Buckle up!

Table of Contents Letter from the Editor………………………….2 Design Thesis………………………..….......3 Elements of Design..…………………………..4 Lines Texture Light Color Space Shape Form Principles of Design………...………………..33 Balance Harmony Emphasis Rhythm Scale Massing Proportion

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Letter from the Editor Hi readers!

My name is Alicia Roueché and I am a freshman diver at East Carolina University. I was born and raised in Greensboro, North Carolina and absolutely love to travel. Growing up, I was a competitive gymnast for eight years so I practically lived in hotels. I loved the different atmospheres and became accustomed to the continental breakfasts. Hopping onto an airplane and feeling the rush of taking off is what I look forward to when traveling. I love meeting new people and seeing how their everyday lives differ from mine. My favorite thing to do in new places is to try new foods. To me, this is the best way to connect with the locals. I hope this magazine can help you learn the principles and  

elements of design while exploring what the wonderful world of traveling has to offer. Bon voyage! ~Alicia Roueché    

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Design Thesis

In this magazine, you will discover the wonders of traveling and explore the principles and elements of design used throughout the famous monuments and structures around the world. I hope this will persuade you to travel to new places and keep an eye out for the many design elements.

Enjoy your trip!

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Elements Of Design

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Lines Straight Horizontal Straight Vertical Curved Flowing Curved Tightly

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Straight Horizontal These lines create a solid, flowing

relationship with the ground that the structure stands on.  Long horizontal lines can visually expand space, making rooms/

buildings to appear wider or longer.

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Straight Vertical They convey strength, stability, and

security. Straight vertical lines make your eyes follow from the ground, upward. These

lines are usually used in churches and cathedrals to signify looking up towards the

heavens. 7

Curved Flowing Curved flowing lines give monuments a sense

of balance and softness. And the flowing part is known for keeping the viewers’ eyes moving around the structure. These lines suggest excitement because you never know

where the line will end. 8

Texture Tactile Textured Non Reflective

Reflective

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Tactile Texture Tactile texture is defined as the actual variations on a surface. Throughout the monuments, you can see tactile texture

everywhere you look because of the roughness of the materials used or the intricate

carvings in the buildings like Notre Dame in Paris. 10

Non Reflective Non reflective texture is texture that does not bounce the light back off of it. It absorbs the light and does not give off a shiny appearance. This can be found on the

statues in the Fountaine de St. Michael in Paris.

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Reflective Reflective texture is texture in which light is shown on the surface. This type of texture is shiny and sometimes looks metallic. This

can be found on the Chicago bean. 12

Light Natural Colored

Art 13

Natural Natural lighting refers to sunlight. Natural lighting is found at any major monument because they are all outside. This lighting helps show all of the intricate details in the structures. A good example of this is the rose window in the Chartres Cathedral in

France. 14

Colored Colored lighting is lighting that uses colored

light bulbs. This lighting can be used to make the scene more intriguing or it can be used to place emphasis on a certain portion of the monument. You can see the use of

colored lighting in the Sydney Opera House in Australia.

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Art Art lighting is lighting that is placed

around pieces of art. This lighting is found all over the Louvre in Paris because it is a

world famous museum and it encases hundreds of beautiful masterpieces.

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Color Direct Complementary

Analogous Neutral Palette

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Direct Complementary Direct complementary colors are colors on the

opposite sides of the color wheel such as yellow- violet, green- red, and blue- orange. This combination of colors is

harmonious and can be seen in the Agia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey because of the

red and green. 18

Analogous Analogous colors are colors adjacent to each other on the color wheel. An example of this is yellow, yellow orange, and orange. These

colors can be found on the Pont de l'Archevêché bridge in Paris.

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Neutral Palette A neutral color scheme is known for its skin tone colors such as browns, greys, whites, and creams. This color scheme is seen all

throughout the monuments because the materials used to make them are normally

grey or off-white (School in France) 20

Space Positive Space Negative Space

Crowding Territoriality

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Positive Space Positive space is simply the area in a work

of art that is the subjects or areas of interest. A good example of this is the Great

Wall of China. The wall itself is the positive space.

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Negative Space Negative space is the space in the work of

art around and between the subjects. Negative space is considered good in

composition because it gives the eye a “place to rest”, making the monument more

appealing. The negative space around the Waterloo in Belgium makes you focus on the

object. 23

Crowding Territoriality Crowding Territoriality space is space in which the subjects feel spatially invaded.

This is a good example in the crowds gathered to see the art in the Louvre. There

is no boundary of personal space.

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Shape Geometric

Natural/Organic Abstract

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Geometric A geometric shape is a flat version of a 3D form. Some examples are circles, squares, rectangles, and triangles. You can find

many geometric shapes as you look through the windows in the Chartres Cathedral in

France. 26

Natural/Organic Organic shapes are figures that have a natural look and a flowing, curving

appearance. You can find these types of shapes in landscapes such as in the maze of

Chateau Chennonceau in France. 27

Abstract An abstract shape is a shape that is derived

from a visual source but looks rather different. There is still a slight resemblance to the form though. Abstract shapes can be found on the wall walking up to the Sacre

Couer in Paris. 28

Form Geometric Natural

Non-objective

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Geometric A geometric form is a 3D version of

geometric shape such a square. Examples are cubes, cylinders, pyramids and spheres. The Egyptian pyramids are a good example

of a geometric form. 30

Natural A natural form is a 3D version of an

organic shape. An example of this would be a leaf or a cloud. At Versailles in France, there are lovely gardens that are filled with

natural forms.

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Non-objective Non-objective forms do not represent or depict a person, place or thing in the

natural world. These forms are also known as nonrepresentational. This type of form

can be seen in the Burj Al Arab in Dubai.

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Principles of Design

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Balance Visual Symmetry

Structural Symmetry Visual Radial Symmetry

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Visual Symmetry Visual symmetry is when something looks

perfectly balanced on both sides if you were to cut the object down the middle. The best

example of visual symmetry is the Taj Mahal. It is perfectly symmetrical. This is visually appealing and gives the structure

balance. 35

Structural Symmetry Structural symmetry is when the piece is

exactly the same on each side, structurally. If you were to cut the building down the middle, the two sides would be exactly the same. The Taj Mahal is a good example

for this too. Structural symmetry is a good way to build strong support for the building.

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Visual Radial Symmetry Visual radial symmetry is a type of balance in which the parts of an object are regularly arranged to radiate around a central point. The Eye ferris wheel in London is a great example of this because all cars radiate out

from the center point. 37

Harmony Unity through Line

Unity through Repetition Variety through Color

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Unity through Line Unity through line is when there is a lot of different types of lines that not only visually

but structurally work together to provide unity and strong structure. The number of lines and weights of lines can vary to give

the structures variety. The gate walking into the Palace of Versailles is a good example

of this. 39

Unity through Repetition Unity through repetition is when elements repeat themselves in various parts of the

design to relate parts to each other. A good example of this is the repetition of

tombstones at the WWII American cemetery in Normandy, France. 40

Variety through Color Variety through color is when different colors are used together to spice up a piece. The

colors can run together or be color blocked for the same effect. If you want to see an

example of this in real life, you can go to St. Basil’s cathedral in Russia. 41

Emphasis Focal Point-Visual

Focal Point-Structural

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Focal Point-Visual A visual focal point is a point on a work of art that your eyes go directly to. This is a point of interest and is most likely the most important part of the piece. An example of this in the world monuments is the Blue

Domed Church in Santorini, Greece because your eyes go straight to the blue painted

dome. 43

Focal Point-Structural A structural focal point is a point in which a certain structure is pinpointed. This piece of structure is where your eyes first look. The structure focal point is most likely the

most important piece of the whole. The Trevi fountain is an example of structural focal point because the main object (the god) is

highlighted. 44

Rhythm Repetitive Contrast

Transitional/Flowing 45

Repetitive Repetitive rhythm is where certain objects of the monument repeats over and over. This gives the structure unity and a wholeness.

An example of this is the Millau Bridge in France because it has triangles of wires

repeated. 46

Contrast Contrast is created by using elements that

conflict with one another. Contrasting rhythm usually makes the piece more

interesting, therefore, it catches your eye. Contrast is used in the Hollywood sign by using the bright, white letters against the

dark tree background. 47

Transitional/Flowing Flowing rhythm is created by water-like

elements and intervals, bending and curving motifs and spaces. Examples of this is

water, beaches, and rivers. The Seine river is a good example of flowing rhythm because

it is naturally flowing. 48

Scale Human Scale

Symbolic Scale

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Human Scale Human scale is used to measure something’s

size in relation to the human body. Most monuments are built to human scale to allow people to wander inside and fit properly.

We can find this in Italy where the gondolas carrying people need to be wide enough but

small enough to fit between the homes. 50

Symbolic Scale Symbolic scale is when one object is

measured in relation to another object. This is a good way to find the correct

proportions for objects. Traveling round the world, we find this in many places such as the Windmills at Kinderdijk, Holland.

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Massing  Actual Density Optical Density

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Actual Density Actual density is when an object takes up some sort of space. This can be found all

over the world at all of the famous monuments because each structure has to

take up space. (Cesky Krumlov) 53

Optical Density Optical density is defined as something that has space inside it. All monuments that you

can walk through or that have air inside have optical density. The glass pyramids at the Louvre in Paris are good examples of

this. 54

Proportion Proportional Space

Unproportional Space

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Proportional Space Proportion is the relation between elements

and a whole. If you visit Mount Rushmore, you will see the heads of four presidents and

each head is proportionate to each other.

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Unproportional Space Unproportional space is space in which the

objects are not to the right scale of the whole. This can be shown in the Statue of

Liberty because Lady Liberty is not actually that tall. 57