ROMEImpero Romano

and the Rise of CHRISTIANITY

Chapter 5

Italy

USA

Mediterranean Sea

AFRICA

EUROPE

GEOGRAPHY

Continent: Europe

GEOGRAPHY Peninsula: Italian or Apennine

GEOGRAPHY Mountains: Apennine

Appenine / Italian PeninsulaAppenine Mountains

GEOGRAPHY Farming plains:north – Po River Valleymiddle – Latium (Rome)

south - Campania

Po River Valley

Latium

Campania

Rome

Mediterranean Sea

R 0 M ELocation on peninsula (good for expansion):

centralMiles inland (safer from pirates): 18

Rome

R 0 M E

River (sea access, easy crossing): Tiber

Built on hills (easily defended): 7

INDO EUROPEANS

North: Eturia – Etruscansdress – toga, short cloak; army organization; came to control Rome

toga

INDO EUROPEANS Middle, hills of Latium: Latins spoke Latin, herders-farmers

LATINE pluribus unum

One out of manyCarpe diem

Seize the day Et tu, Brute?

Even you, Brutus?

INDO EUROPEANSSouth, Sicily: Greeks olives, grapes, alphabet, arts

Latin/Roman alphabet

Roman numerals

Etruscans

Latins

Greeks

REPUBLIC509 B.C.: Roman

Republic261 B.C. - peninsula conquered by:

Etruscans

REPUBLIC Formed the: Roman Confederationconquered were made allies and allowed to rule themselves, but must provide soldiers

REPUBLIC Roman historian:

Livy

Model for a hero: Cincinnatus

Cincinnatus

Cincinnati, Ohio

GOVERNMENTLandowners, ruling class:

patriciansCraftspeople, merchants, small

farmers: plebeiansMen from both classes could vote

as: citizens

GOVERNMENT Group of 300 patricians, served

for life, whose advice became

law: SenateRome’s first code of laws: Twelve Tables

GOVERNMENT Example for U.S. law:

Law of Nations

LAW OF NATIONS innocent until

proven guilty accused allowed to defend himself judged by evidence

AMENDMENT VI“…the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury … to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process of obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence.”

PUNIC WARS Punic – Latin for: Phoenician

Phoenician colony in north Africa (part of west Mediterranean empire): Carthage

West Sicily (part of Carthaginian empire) attacked by: Rome

EUROPE

AFRICACarthage

PUNIC WARS Carthaginian General:

Hannibal crossed Alps on elephants to invade

RomeConquered all of Carthaginian empire

and eastern Mediterranean:

Romans

Hannibal crosses the Alps to conquer Rome using “battle elephants”

TRIUMVIRATES Government by 3 people with equal power:

triumvirateFirst Triumvirate, 60 B.C.: Crassus, Pompey, and:

Julius Caesar

TRIUMVIRATES Gained complete control, named

dictator, 45 B.C.: CaesarGave land to poor, increased Senate

to: 90044 B.C. event portrayed in

Shakespeare’s play: Caesar’s

assassination

TRIUMVIRATES Second Triumvirate - Lepidus, Marc Antony, and:

OctavianAntony allied with Egyptian

queen: Cleopatra

Cleopatra

TRIUMVIRATES Won the empire: OctavianNamed imperator – our word for:

emperor

TRIUMVIRATES 31 B.C. – A.D. 14 :

Age of Augustus