Role of Spatial Planning

as an Enabler for REDD

Readiness in East

Kalimantan

Workshop presentation

Samarinda, November 2010

1

Introduction to East Kalimantan

Map of East Kalimantan

▪ Economy dominated by extraction of

natural resources1

SOURCE: Indonesian Bureau of Statistics

176

204

255

258

324

Kal Barat

Papua

Kal Tim

Riau

Kal Teng

Land area: 19.7M ha

Natural Forest: 12.8 M ha

Population: 3,550,586

GDP: IDR 103 trillion

GDP per capita ranked 2nd

out of 33 provinces1

1 For 2007

Facts on GDP and emissions

Top five emitting provinces

MtCO2e annually

19

1100% =

Services/Others

Manufacturing

Construction

Oil & Gas

Coal & Mining

Forestry

Agriculture

Palm oil/

Estate crops

103 Trillion IDR

2 3

46

20

54

▪ 3rd largest carbon emitting province in

Indonesia2

GDP breakdown of East Kalimantan

Percentage (2008)

2

▪ Roll out pilot program across

the whole province once

readiness program has been

completed and funding for

continuation has been secured

▪ Continue to develop key

enablers (e.g., spatial planning,

MRV, etc)

▪ Build key enablers

– Basic MRV systems,

including province baseline

– Integrated spatial planning

– Financial distribution

mechanisms

– Community engagement

mechanism

▪ Develop pilot projects and

identify funding sources

▪ Design and operationalize

Governor green delivery unit

East Kalimantan is at a transition from strategy

to implementation for its low carbon growth plan

SOURCE: Team analysis

Low carbon growth strategy

(Feb-Jul 2010)

Basic readiness

implementation

(Aug 2010-Feb 2011)

Low carbon growth pilots

(Feb-Dec 2011)

▪ Develop a low carbon growth

strategy that identifies

– Identifies major sources of

emissions across the

province and across different

industry sectors

– Identifies major abatement

opportunities and actions for

promoting sustainable

livelihoods

– Identifies critical enablers

– Analyzes costs for carbon

abatement and sustainable

alternative livelihoods

Primary focus

of document

3

BAU emissions in East Kalimantan will grow to 331 MtCO2e by 2030 –

pursuing a low carbon strategy can potentially reduce this by 60%

-39

100

100

91

-22-22

69

42

45

2010

255

61

34

50

O&G

11

Absorption

18

1.4% p.a.

Oil palm

Agri

Peat fire

Forest

degrad-

ation

298

2020

50

Peat

44

74

331

2030

Deforest-

ation

14

70

76

56

331

61

134

16

O&G 20

Mining

Forest &

Forest Industry

Agri-

culture

After

abatement

Services

22Con-

struction

Total

197Initiatives

11

Manu-

facturing

Palm oil

-60%

18.5

21.0

22.9

16.8

3.2

6.1

4.8

6.7

100

East Kalimantan Emissions

M tCO2e

Abatement potential in 2030

M tCO2e

In the BAU scenario, CO2e emissions would reach

331 Mt by 2030…

…however pursuing a sustainable growth path can

reduce this by 60 percent

Share of

total (%)

SOURCE: Team analysis

4

East Kalimantan’s low carbon growth strategy provides a guide towards

lower emissions in-line with the President’s target

East Kalimantan has now developed a low carbon growth

strategy (LCGS)…

CO2 mitigation

▪ Estimate size of current

and future emissions

▪ Assess the technical

abatement potential and

feasibility, and

implementation cost

Economic development

▪ Analyze existing

competitive strengths

and weaknesses

▪ Explore potential new

sources

of growth

Institutional enablers

▪ Develop strategy for

critical enablers (e.g.,

MRV, spatial planning)

▪ Estimate the total costs

of opportunities

East Kalimantan’s LCGS

Draft 2010

… the challenge is to now put the strategy

into action

“We are devising an energy mix policy

that will reduce our emissions by 26%

by 2020. With international support, we

are confident we can reduce emissions

by as much as 41%”

“I will not let even one span of forest

be violated or destroyed”

Presiden Susilo

Bambang

Yudhoyono

2009

East Kal Governor

Pak Awang Farouk

2010

East Kalimantan’s LCGS

Draft 2010Content of LCGS

5

Pilot projects:

▪ RIL

▪ Degraded

land swap

▪ Peatland

rehabilitation

Government

alignment:

▪ District

roadshows

▪ Broad

stakeholder

consultation

Multi-

stakeholder

approach

▪ Joint working

groups

▪ Private sector

involvement

A REDD Readiness action plan in East Kalimantan will need to address the

root causes of emissions…

REDD Readiness

Solve Social Conflicts by Land Titling

Revision of Spatial Plan

6

East Kalimantan has already lost 35 percent of its natural forest

cover

0

5

10

15

20

15 20 25 30 35 40 45 501950… 90 95 2000 5 10

-35%

Other forests

Conservation forest

▪ Annual deforestation rate

assumed to settle at 150,000 ha

up to 2050

▪ Deforestation rate in 2000-2010

period 200-250,000 ha

Forest area

Million ha

SOURCE: Kaltim Green, Ministry of Forestry Statistics 2000, 2005, 2007, Dinas Kehutanan provinsi Kaltim 2008

PRELIMINARY

50% cover

7

Nearly 2.5 million ha of natural forest are suggested to be

released from the Kawasan Hutan

SOURCE: Daemeter Consulting 2010

PRELIMINARY

25,854

Protected Forest (HL) 3,358,874

Nature Park (THR) 56,070

National Park (TN) 1,214,323

Nature Reserve (CA) 190,939

Agricultural land (KBNK) 6,701,463

Production Forest (KBK) 7,725,162

Research Forest (HPP)

427,955

2,188,073

National Strategic Zone

Natural Forest

Non Forest/Non natural Forest

Water bodies

8

Being conservative about land use change will be key part of setting East

Kalimantan on a low emission trajectory

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

40 50 60 70 80

CO2 emissionsMtCO2e

2030

Remaining forest coverPercent

2020

Today

2000

BAU

scenario4

Original request for

1.3M2 ha conversion

Revised 0.6M3 ha target

SOURCE: Interviews with Bappeda Kaltim; team analysis

Range of solutions

under abatement

scenario

KalTim LCGS

target by 2030

1

2

1 Based on LCGS for East Kalimantan

2 Originally submitted spatial plan by Bappeda Kaltim from aggregated district level plans in 2009

3 Ministry of Forestry has approved a maximum forest conversion to KBNK of 600,000 ha after negotiation (Bappeda)

4 Based on deforestation rate of 150,000 ha per annum

▪ Trajectory of deforest-

ation and emissions is

expected to achieve

50% deforestation and

330 MtCO2e1 emiss-

ions by 2030

▪ A step change is

required to move away

from BAU by:

– Direct abatement

(efficiency, product-

ivity measures)

– Inherently low

carbon growth

strategies

supported by low-

carbon spatial

planning

Pres. SBYs

26% target

9

$

A revision of the proposed spatial plan is required to address the high

emission trajectory

Rationale

High emission from peat oxidation and burning warrant

safeguarding to avoid land use over such areas

Existing RTRW places some concessions over peat

Ample degraded land is available across EastKal which can

be used to plant Oil Palm through a degraded land swap

with concession holders

Only 35% of estate crop HGU‟s are currently being fully

utilized for plantations

There is indication that operators abusing concessions for

timber sale alone

▪ Staff capability building

on tools for low-carbon

planning, e.g. OSIRIS

▪ Improve adherence of

implementation to spatial

plan

Supporting activities

+

Availability of OSIRIS tool for analyzing emission under

different land use scenarios

Need to integrate land planning with development planning

with opportunity to enhance skill at Kabupaten Bappeda

Need for alignment between State (Min of Forestry) and

district to strike right balance for land use development

Clarifying role of all stakeholders in combating illegal activity

Need to rationalize and align overlapping roles in decision

making process for granting land use between Dinas‟

Ideas to further optimize

land use within spatial plan

▪ Avoid KBNK on peatlands

and reforest degraded peat

areas

▪ Swap forest land held by

Oil Palm concession holders

with degraded land

▪ Review/revoke permit

inactive concessions

SOURCE: Team analysis

Direction and

target setting

required to

kick-start

revision

Need to align

provincial and

also national

spatial plan

with 26%/41%

emission

reduction

aspiration set

by the

Presiden

10

Degraded land in East Kalimantan is dispersed and scattered,

pointing the need for land consolidation

SOURCE: WWF Indonesia, Ministry of Forestry Indonesia, Mantel et. al 2007 (ISRIC), team analysis

Degraded land suitable for oil palm

concessions

East Kalimantan

▪ Scattered land might

cause rise in cost of

transportation,

infrastructure building,

and monitoring

▪ Multiple land locations

may lead to longer

time in negotiation

with local residents

and might involve

multiple districts with

different regulations

Slightly degraded

Degraded

Very degraded

PRELIMINARY

11

Thank you

12

In fact, 1.9M ha of forest area already exists in KBNK status and is also

in danger of deforestation

Non-

forest

Forest

14,231

2,613

11,618

(82%)

Plantation forest

Swamp and

mangrove

Secondary dryland

Primary dryland

11,618

436328

4,850

6,003

Forest

5,100

3,203

1,897

Non-

forest

Plantation forest

Mangrove

Swamp

Secondary dryland

Primary dryland

1,897

148

234

214

1,088

214

Only 82% of forest status land is actually covered by

forest

1.9M ha of intact forest resides in non-forest status land

(KBNK) and is therefore under risk of deforestation

East Kalimantan total land

area = 19.5 mn Ha

Land area in forest status (KBK)

„000 Ha, Total = 14.2 mn Ha

Land area in non-forest status (KBNK)

„000 Ha, Total = 5.1 mn Ha

2006 data for East Kal

SOURCE: “Rekalkulasi Penutupan Lahan Indonesia, 2008”; Team analysis