The Role ofThe Role of Biomechanics in golfBiomechanics in golfTheRoleofTheRoleofBiomechanicsingolfBiomechanicsingolf

RivetJean Jacques HeadofBiomechanicsandSportPerformance European TourPerformanceInstituteead o o ec a cs a d Spo t e o a ce u opea ou e o a ce st tute

Research Associate InstituteofMovement Science University oftheMediterranean Marseille HeadofEuropean UnderArmour InnovationCenter

Applied Biomechanics in sportAppliedBiomechanicsinsport

Biomechanicsisthesciencethatstudiestheforcesactingonandinthebiologicalstructureg gaswellastheeffectsproducedbytheseforces (Nigg 1998)forces (Nigg,1998)

History of Biomechanics in sport and golfHistoryofBiomechanicsinsportandgolf

Fromtheknowledgeofthestructurestotheknowledgeofthestrengthwhich are applied to it

LeonardodaVinci(14521515)whichareappliedtoit

GalileoGalilei(15641642)

GiovanniBorelii(16081679)

Newton(16421727)

History of Biomechanics in sport and golfHistoryofBiomechanicsinsportandgolf

Movementanalysishistory/endofthe19th century

Movementphotography,kinematics,MUYBRIDGE(1878),MAREY(18873

t1st clothesforwalkanalysis,1882chronophotography)

Anthropometry,Militaryergonomic,BRAUNEETFISHER(1889,centerofmasse;1895,analysisofhuman; , ylocomotion)

History of Biomechanics in sport and golfHistoryofBiomechanicsinsportandgolf

Movementanalysishistory/20th century

1955:Dempster tableboard,andconceptofkinematicchains.

60s:ArielGideoncreatestheFirstDigitizerintheWorldinterfacetothefirst Time Sharing in the World forfirstTimeSharingintheWorldforBiomechanicalAnalysis

70s: A Gideon makes 3d analysis70 s:A.Gideonmakes3danalysiscoupledwithEMGandwithforcePlatforms.

History of Biomechanics in sport and golfHistoryofBiomechanicsinsportandgolf

Bobby Jones 1934Bobby Jones 1934

World Scientific Congres of St Andrews 1990

Dr Jobe Electromyography PGA Tour 1994 Dr Jobe Electromyography PGA Tour 1994

PGA Teaching Manual G Wiren 1995

Ralph Man 1998Ralph Man 1998

Delacave-Rivet PGA European Tour 1998

Creation of Biomecaswing Lab at D Leadbetter 1998 Cration Biomecaswing Lab chez D g gLeadbetter 1998

2004 : St Andrews / Titleist Perf Institute California / PGA Kinematic LabQueensland Aus / Biomecaswing Asia Honk Kong / Sheffield University / Biomecaswing Asia Honk Kong / Sheffield University / .

2011 : ETPI is following the PGA European Tour players. First time in the world an applied biomechanical service is used on the Pro Tour

Applied Biomechanics in sportAppliedBiomechanicsinsport

Bio Mechanics:

Anatomy Biology

Physics Mathematicsgy

Biochemistry Physiology Physiology Medicine Psychology

Applied Biomechanics in sportAppliedBiomechanicsinsport

B i th ti l t d i bi h i Basicmathematicalconceptusedinbiomechanics: Vectors:describesforces,accelerations Derivative function: position to velocity velocity toDerivativefunction:positiontovelocity,velocitytoacceleration.Integralfunctionintheoppositeway.

Kinematics:partofmechanicswhichdescribesthedi l t f i t bj tdisplacementofapointoranobject.

Kinetic:introducesfactoroflength,timeandmasstothedescriptionofmovement(kinematics).Notionofenergy!p ( ) gy

Forces:Newton'slawsandcreationofmovement!i.e.:Fi =m.a(inlinemovementequation)Internal and external forces: the body product and resist to Internalandexternalforces:thebodyproductandresisttomanyforces(skeletonjoint,musclesproductiongravity,contactwithenvironment)

Derivative / integral functionDerivative/integralfunction

Th d i ti i f h Thederivativeisameasureofhowafunctionchangesasitsinputchanges (tangent of each point ofchanges(tangentofeachpointofthecurve).

The derivative of the position of aThederivativeofthepositionofamovingobjectwithrespecttotimeistheobject'sinstantaneousvelocity.Derivativeofvelocityfunctionistheacceleration.h f d h Theoppositeofderivativeistheintegral(areaunderthecurve).

Kinematics and kineticsKinematicsandkinetics

Ki ti i th b h f l i l h i Kinematics: isthebranchofclassicalmechanicsthatdescribesthemotionofpoints,bodies(objects) and systems of bodies (groups of(objects)andsystemsofbodies(groupsofobjects)withoutconsiderationoftheforcesthatcauseit.

Kinetics: isatermforthebranchofclassicalmechanicsthatisconcernedwiththerelationshipbetweenthemotionofbodiesanditscauses,namelyforcesandtorques.

h h d d d f Inmechanics,theKineticsisdeducedfromKinematicsbytheintroductionoftheconceptofmassmass.

Forces (physics)Forces(physics)

h i f i i fl h Inphysics,aforce isanyinfluencethatcausesanobjecttoundergoacertainchange,eitherconcerningitsmovement,direction,orgeometricalconstruction.Inotherwords,aforceisthatwhichcancauseanobjectwithmasstochangeitsvelocity(whichincludestobeginmovingfromastateofrest),i.e.,toaccelerate,orwhichcancauseaflexibleobjecttodeform.Forcecanalsobedescribedbyintuitiveconceptssuchasapushorpull.

Forces: Newton lawsForces:Newtonlaws LawI:Everybodypersistsinitsstateofbeing

atrestorofmovinguniformlystraightforward,exceptinsofarasitiscompelledtochangeitsstatebyforceimpressedg y f p(ConservationofLinearMomentum)

L II Th h f i i i l LawII:Thechangeofmotionisproportionaltotheforceimpressed;andisinthedirectionofthestraightlinesinwhichthatforceisf g fimpressed.

=> Force=massxacceleration

LawIII:Toeveryactionthereisalwaysanequalandoppositereaction;or,themutualactions of two bodies upon each other areactionsoftwobodiesuponeachotherarealwaysequalandactinoppositedirections.

Body biomechanicsBodybiomechanics

Bi h i b d Biomechanicsbodyanalysiswillconsiderdisplacement / velocitydisplacement/velocityofbodypart/members,jointsangles,forcej g ,appliedtotheskeletonandthebody,force

d d b th b dproducedbythebodyinordertopreventdamages and optimizedamagesandoptimizethemotionmostefficiently!y

ItisallaboutRotationandcontrolRotation

f i d l f h Freerangeofmotionandcontroloftherotationaroundthehumanbodyjoints

Harmonyofthekinematicmuscularchainsplayingaroundthehumanbodysjointp y g y j

Synchronizationofsegmentwhichresiststorotation or which starts/stops rotation in arotation,orwhichstarts/stopsrotationinacertaindirectionC bi t ti t t l b l Combinerotationtocreateaglobaltranslation

Thecenterofgravityofabodyisthebarycenterofalltheparticles making up this body every particle is balanced by itsparticlesmakingupthisbody,everyparticleisbalancedbyitsownmass.

Gestion du CGGestion du CG

AppliedBiomechanicsinsportpp p

Applied Biomechanics for the golf swingAppliedBiomechanicsforthegolfswing

Golfkinematicsanalysiswith3Dkinematicsystemy y

Applied Biomechanics for the golf swingAppliedBiomechanicsforthegolfswing

Fromthe1930stotoday

Mechanicsoftheclub

Mechanics of the ballMechanicsoftheball

Mechanicsofthegolferg6 Keys Areas of Performance

Kinetic Energy Transfer (CORE Power)

SYNCHRONISATION/ Co-ordination

RANGE of MOTION (Flexibility)RANGE of MOTION (Flexibility)

COG ManagementCOG Management

EXPLOSIVENESSEXPLOSIVENESS

MAX SEPARATIONMAX SEPARATION

Itis ALLaQUESTIONofcontrolling theRotationandMaintaining the COG stableMaintaining theCOGstable

Evaluationofmuscular coordination

Fl iFlexion

ClosingChainChain

(anterior)

Extension

OpeningChain

(posterior)

Itis ALLaQUESTIONofclosing thekinematic muscular chains engagement

Conclusion:FactorstoEnhanceandMaintaintheKEYAREASofPERFORMANCE

Explosiveness&Accuracy

BiomechanicalFactors

EvaluateEvaluate thegolfswingandball flight

Discussionofthetechnicalcharacteristicsof theswingincollaboration with the coachcollaborationwiththecoach

Theswingevaluationprocessusescuttingedgemotionanalysistechnology.

Evaluationoftheswingaccordingtothecriteriaoftheappliedbiomechanics.ThiswillbedonewithHighspeedcamera(Mikrotron) motion analysis software such as the analysis in 3D(Mikrotron),motionanalysissoftwaresuchastheanalysisin3DwiththeAPASsoftwarefromARIELKINEMATICS,andtheaGBalanceProForceplatesandaG StudiofromaboutGolf totracktheclubandtheball.

TakeTake thedata

Assessbiomechanicalandphysiologicalf d d lcapacitiesofeveryindividual

Fillinadetailedphysio/medicalquestionnairep y / q Testflexibility,coordinationandmuscularstrengthstrength

Collectingbiomechanicaldatausingsystemssuch as SpineForce PostureWin MyotestsuchasSpineForce,PostureWin,Myotest

ProbeProbethedata

Theobjectivewhenprobingthedatacollectedistot bli h li d b l h t l i thestablishapersonalizedbalancesheetplacingthe

golferstechnicalproblemsinrelationwithhis/herbiomechanical problems and the functioning ofbiomechanicalproblemsandthefunctioningofhis/herbody.Probinginvolves: Analysisoftheelementsexertinganinfluenceonthe

ifi i tispecificswingmotion Examiningthecorrelationbetweenthebiomechanical

dysfunctionsandthetechnicalweaknesses.y

IdentifyIdentifythesolution

Tailoredsolutionsaredevelopedtoaddresstheindividualproblems The solutions are fitted to the individuals bodyproblems.Thesolutionsarefittedtotheindividual sbodyspecificsandphysiologicalcapabilities.

The program is based on 4 axes:Theprogramisbasedon4axes:

Axis1:posturalOptimisation Axis 2: myofascial stretching Axis2:myofascial stretching Axis3:muscularstrengthening Axis4:muscularcoordination

Atailoredprogramisdesignedforeverygolfer.

Maintain & EvolveMaintain&Evolvethegolfswing