rocks - documentation - executive summary (version 2.01)

The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this document are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations, or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The ROCKS system was developed in the Transport Unit – TUDTR of the World Bank by a team led by Anil Bhandari and comprising Rodrigo Archondo–Callao and Alberto Nogales under the direction of John Flora, Director of the Transport and Urban Development Department. This initiative was funded by the Dutch Trust Fund TF038504.

The system benefited from the inputs of an Advisory Group comprisingAlain Labeau, Antti Talvitie, Cesar Queiroz, Christopher Hoban, Terje Wolden, and William D.O. Patterson. Assistance from staff of TUDTR, particularly, Benedictus Eijbergen, Jerry Lebo, Mirtha Araujo, Tipawan Bhutaprateep, and Barbara A. Gregory, is also acknowledged.

Strategic guidance was received from the Transport Sector Managers: Eva Molnar, Guang Zhe Chen, Jitendra Bajpai, Jose Luis Irigoyen, and Maryvonne Plessis-Fraissard; and overall advice and support from the following transport staff in headquarters and in the regions: A. K. Swaminathan, Alok Nath Bansal, Amer Durrani, Chinnakorn Chantra, Elena Kastlerova, Gevorg Sargsyan, Imogene R. Jensen, Jean-Charles Crochet, Kazi Mahbub-Al Matin, Labite Victorio Ocaya, Mohi Uz Zaman Quazi, Natarajan Raman, Nga Thi Quynh Dang, Ramiz Al-Assar, Robert Kietlinski, Sally L. Burningham, Stein Lundebye, Sujit Das, Tawia Addo-Ashong, Thach Ngoc Phan, Yitzhak A. Kamhi, and Zhi Liu.

A selected group of road agencies contributed to the development of the system, provided access to the data, and tested the system: the Roads SSCC Agency in Armenia, the Roads and Highways Department – RHD in Bangladesh, the Ghana Highway Authority – GHA; the Central Road Research Institute – CRRI, and National Highways Authority – NHAI in India, the Department of Public Works and Highways – DPWH in the Philippines, the General Directorate of Public Roads – GDDP in Poland, the Department of Highways – DOH in Thailand, the Road Agency Formation Unit – RAFU in Uganda, and the Planning and Investment Department of the Ministry of Transport in Vietnam.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i

Section II. USER’S MANUAL 1

1. OVERVIEW 1

1.1. Background 11.2. Objective 11.3. Key Concepts 21.4. ROCKS Components 21.5. ROCKS Dissemination Package 31.6. System Development Status 31.7. Basic Reference Source for Definitions and Abbreviations 3

2. FRAMEWORK – KEY CONCEPTS 4

2.1. Concept 1. Road Works Classification 42.2. Concept 2. Unit Cost per Length and Unit Cost per Area 62.3. Concept 3. Minimum Data Requirements 72.4. Concept 4. Alternative Classes of Input Data 72.5. Concept 5. Single Currency and Single Reference Date 9

3. INPUT REQUIREMENTS AND OUTPUTS 10

3.1. System Requirements 103.2. Data Input Requirements 103.3. Data Collection and Technical Qualifications 103.4. Sample Outputs 11

4. DATABASE MANUAL 14

4.1. The Database file, entries, and meaning of colors 144.2. Database Sections 16

5. DISBURSEMENTS MODULE 39

5.1. Description 395.2. Disbursements Module Instructions 40

6. VIEW MODULE 42

6.1. Description 426.2. View Module Instructions 446.3. Sample View and Outputs 45

7. STATISTICS MODULE 48

7.1. Description 487.2. Statistics Module Instructions 507.3. Sample Set of Reports 51

ALPHABETICAL INDEX 53

ANNEX 1. Set of Statistics Reports

ROROad CCost KKnowledge SSystemROCKSROCKS

SECTION I.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

I. INTRODUCTION

Road agencies, contractors, consultants and financial institutions require road costs information, which in general is locally available, but many times this information is scattered, proprietary of some organizations, and collected in unsystematic and unstructured ways. These entities need to assess costs differences among states and regions, but no framework to compare road costs exists.

In 1999, in response to this demand, the World Bank made a first attempt to collect this information from 67 Implementation Completion Reports of Bank–financed projects that were implemented in the period 1995 – 1999. The study (2000) found that the level of detail provided in these type of documents was limited and that there is a worldwide need for a framework to collect this type of information. Consequently, the Bank decided to develop a simple system to collect road costs and to explore other sources of information.

II. SUMMARY OF RESULTS AND PRODUCTS

With the funds provided by the Dutch Trust Fund (TF038504), and primarily based on the experience of Bank staff and the information contained in roads and highways projects in selected road agencies in developing countries, the Transport Unit of the World Bank developed the ROad Costs Knowledge System (ROCKS). The main objective of the system is to develop an international knowledge system on road work costs –to be used primarily in developing countries– to establish an institutional memory, and obtain average and range unit costs based on historical data that could ultimately improve the reliability of new cost estimates and reduce the risks generated by cost overruns. The main outputs of this initiative are the following five products:

PRODUCT 1. The ROCKS Framework is based on five key concepts that characterize the system, and provide the foundation to achieve its objective and intended outputs.

The first concept seeks to systematically classify the different road work types and predominant work activities in order to be able to organize them and match them with typical civil works contracts. The road works have been classified in two categories: Preservation and Development. The details on work classes, types and predominant work activities are presented in the tables below.

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY – Page i of xiv

the second, defines a shared concept of unit cost as the fundamental cost element, and depending on the type of work suggests to use $/km, or $/m2;

the third concept, establishes a minimum set of data requirements that is generally available in any country and that allows the system to work;

the fourth concept seeks to add flexibility to the system by defining a set of highly recommended data, and a series of optional data that allow the users to select the levels of detail or criteria to be used, and adapt the system to their needs and data available, and

the fifth concept suggests to collect the data on any currency and reference date, but to convert all data to a single currency and a single reference year to allow for data comparisons.

Concept 1.

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY – Page ii of xiv

Predominant Work Activity for Preservation WorksRecommended Alternative

Work Category Work Class Work Type Predominant Work Activity Unit Cost Unit Cost

Preservation Routine Routine Maintenance Routine Maintenance 1L Road $/km-yearRoutine Maintenance Unsealed 2L HighwayRoutine Maintenance Block 2L HighwayRoutine Maintenance Bituminous 2L HighwayRoutine Maintenance Concrete 2L HighwayRoutine Maintenance Bituminous > 2L Highway Routine Maintenance Concrete > 2L HighwayRoutine Maintenance Bituminous ExpresswayRoutine Maintenance Concrete Expressway

Periodic Grading Light Grading $/kmHeavy Grading

Gravel Resurfacing Regravelling $/m2 $/km

Concrete Pavement Concrete Pavement Preventive Treatment $/m2 $/kmPreventive Treatment

Bituminous Pavement Fog Seal $/m2 $/kmPreventive Treatment Rejuvenation

Surface Treatment Slurry Seal or Cape Seal $/m2 $/kmResurfacing Single Surface Treatment

Double Surface TreatmentTriple Surface Treatment

Asphalt Mix Asphalt Overlay < 40 mm $/m2 $/kmResurfacing Asphalt Overlay 40 to 59 mm

Rehabilitation Strengthening Asphalt Overlay 60 to 79 mm $/m2 $/kmAsphalt Overlay 80 to 99 mmAsphalt Overlay > 99 mmMill and ReplaceBonded Concrete OverlayUnbounded Concrete Overlay

Concrete Pavement Concrete Slab Replacement $/m2 $/kmRestoration Concrete Slab Repair

Concrete Diamond Grinding

Reconstruction Reconstruction Unsealed $/m2 $/kmReconstruction BlockReconstruction BituminousReconstruction Concrete

Number of Lanes 1L - One Lane 4L - Four Lane2L - Two Lane 6L - Six Lane

Concept 1.

Concept 2.

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY – Page iii of xiv

Predominant Work Activity for Development WorksRecommended

Work Category Work Class Work Type Predominant Work Activity Unit Cost

Development Improvement Partial Widening Partial Widening to Unsealed 2L $/kmPartial Widening to Block 2LPartial Widening to Bituminous 2LPartial Widening to Concrete 2L

Partial Widening and Partial Widening to Unsealed 2L and Reconstruction $/kmReconstruction Partial Widening to Block 2L and Reconstruction

Partial Widening to Bituminous 2L and ReconstructionPartial Widening to Concrete 2L and Reconstruction

Widening Widening Adding Bituminous 1L $/kmWidening Adding Bituminous 2LWidening Adding Bituminous 4LWidening Adding Concrete 1LWidening Adding Concrete 2LWidening Adding Concrete 4L

Widening and Widening Adding Bituminous 1L and Reconstruction $/kmReconstruction Widening Adding Bituminous 2L and Reconstruction

Widening Adding Bituminous 4L and ReconstructionWidening Adding Concrete 1L and ReconstructionWidening Adding Concrete 2L and ReconstructionWidening Adding Concrete 4L and Reconstruction

Upgrading Upgrading Unsealed to Unsealed 2L Highway $/kmUpgrading Unsealed to Block 2L HighwayUpgrading Unsealed to Bituminous 2L HighwayUpgrading Unsealed to Concrete 2L HighwayUpgrading Block to Bituminous 2L HighwayUpgrading Block to Concrete 2L Highway

New Construction New 1L Road New Unsealed 1L Road $/kmNew Block 1L RoadNew Bituminous 1L RoadNew Concrete 1L Road

New 2L Highway New Unsealed 2L Highway $/kmNew Block 2L HighwayNew Bituminous 2L HighwayNew Concrete 2L Highway

New 4L Highway New Bituminous 4L Highway $/kmNew Concrete 4L Highway

New 6L Highway New Bituminous 6L Highway $/kmNew Concrete 6L Highway

New 4L Expressway New Bituminous 4L Expressway $/kmNew Concrete 4L Expressway

New 6L Expressway New Bituminous 6L Expressway $/kmNew Concrete 6L Expressway

Number of Lanes 1L - One Lane 4L - Four Lane2L - Two Lane 6L - Six Lane

It includes all civil works costs:

It does not include other agency costs:

Mobilization – Pavement -Drainage Design

Major Structures - Line markings Land Acquisition

Contingencies Resettlement

Taxes Supervision

CONCEPT: UNIT COST PER LENGTH & UNIT COST PER AREA

Concepts 3 and 4.

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY – Page iv of xiv

ROCKS - ROad Costs Knowledge System Version 2.0 (09/09/02)

Sections 1 through 5 - Cost and Work DescriptionRecordCountryState, Department or ProvinceUser Classification 1User Classification 2User Classification 3World Region:Project or Source NameSectionReport TypeReport LocationCost Date Cost TypeCost SourceCurrency Code US$ Exchange RateCost Financing Contract TypeBID Type Contractor TypeConstruction Method Economic Cost FactorTaxes (Y/N) Contingencies (Y/N)Work DescriptionWork TypeWork Predominant Activity

Section 6 - Road Work Cost per LengthBase Cost (M$) Length (km)Physical Contingencies (M$) Duration (months)Price Contingencies (M$) Total Cost per Kilometer ($/km)Total Cost (M$) Total Cost per Kilometer (2000 US$/km)

Section 7 - Road Work Cost per AreaTotal Cost per Carriageway Area ($/m2)Total Cost per Carriageway Area (2000 US$/m2)

Section 8 - Road Work CharacteristicsPavement Width (m) Climate TypeShoulder Width (mm) Pavement TypeNumber of Lanes Surface ClassResurfacing Layer Thickness (mm) Surface TypeDepth of Milling (mm) Surface MaterialSurface Thickness (mm) Base MaterialBase Thickness (mm) Patching or Crack Sealing Unit Cost ($/m2)Subbase Thickness (mm) Patching or Crack Seal. Quantity (m2/km-year)Structural Number Spot Regravelling or Regravell. Unit Cost ($/m3)Terrain Type Spot Regravelling Quantity (m3/km-year)

Section 9 - Road Work Cost Details (% of Road Work Cost)Mobilization (%)Demolition and Site Clearance (%)Earthworks (%)Drainage,P Works,Culv.&Min. Bridges (%) Drainage and Protective Works(%)Major Bridges and Structures (%) Culverts and Minor Bridges (%)Accesses and Junctions (%)Pavement Courses (%) Subbase (%)Shoulder Works (%) Base (%)Line Markings and Signs (%) Subbase and Base (%)Environment (%) Surface (%)Dayworks (%)Other (%)Contingencies (%)Taxes (%)Total (%)Labor (%):Materials (%):Equipment (%):Total (%):Foreign Currency (%): Foreign Currency Code

Section 10 - Other Additional Road Agency Costs (% of Road Work Cost)Land Acquisition (%): Design (%):Resettlement (%): Supervision (%):Land Acquisition & Resettlement (%):

Minimum and Required Data Set Highly Recommended Data Set

PRODUCT 2. The ROCKS Components consists of a Database, and a set of three complementary Modules to view the information collected, and generate statistics. The modules were designed as Microsoft Excel spreadsheets to make sure that they are accessible to any road agency in any region of the world.

ROCKS Database. It is the main element of the system and the primary tool to collect and input the data. It also includes detailed instructions provided in the User’s Manual.

ROCKS View Module. This module can be used to filter, sort, view and print the information stored in the ROCKS Databases.

ROCKS Statistics Module. It is used to filter, generate statistical reports, and analyze the information stored in the ROCKS Databases.

ROCKS Disbursements Module. It is a tool to translate a series of actual current disbursements into a single constant cost for a selected base year.

PRODUCT 3. The ROCKS Development Network was identified and established by the World Bank Transport Unit with a selected group of road agencies worldwide in order to further develop the system and properly test its features.

In November 2001 the first version of the system was tested, installed and staff from the road agencies were trained in five countries (Bangladesh, India, Thailand, Viet Nam, Philippines) in the South Asia (SAR) and East Asia and the Pacific (EAP) Regions.

In March 2002 an improved second version was installed and tested in four countries (Ghana, Uganda, Poland, Armenia) in the Africa (AFR) and Eastern Europe and Central Asia (ECA) regions.

All these road agencies that have contributed to this effort have designated a contact person to provide access to the required data and to coordinate activities to further develop the system (see table below).

COUNTRY AGENCY ContactArmenia Armenia Roads SSCC Hakob PetrosyanBangladesh RHD – Roads and Highways Department M. Abdul QuadirGhana GHA – Ghana Highway Authority James A. N. KluIndia CRRI – Central Road Research Institute and NHAI D. MukhopadhyayPhilippines DPWH – Department of Public Works & Highways Anita CorreaPoland GDDP – General Directorate of Public Roads Elzbieta NowickaThailand DOH – Department of Highways Apirak SucharitUganda RAFU – Road Agency Formation Unit D. LuyimbaziVietnam Ministry of Transport – Planning & Investment Depart. Nguyen Danh Hai

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY – Page v of xiv

ROCKS DATABASESICRA–RACA–IBRD–INDA–THAA–POLA–BGDA–ARMA–GHAA–UGAA

VIEW MODULE STATISTICS MODULE

DISBURSEMENTS MODULE

DATA COLLECTION

FORM

ROAD WORKS CLASSIFICATIO

N

INPUT

DATA

OUTPUT DATA – REPORTSSTATISTICS

AVERAGE AND RANGE

UNIT COSTS

PRODUCT 3. The ROCKS Development Network was identified and established by the World Bank Transport Unit with a selected group of road agencies worldwide in order to further develop the system and properly test its features.

In November 2001 the first version of the system was tested, installed and staff from the road agencies were trained in five countries (Bangladesh, India, Thailand, Viet Nam, Philippines) in the South Asia (SAR) and East Asia and the Pacific (EAP) Regions.

In March 2002 an improved second version was installed and tested in four countries (Ghana, Uganda, Poland, Armenia) in the Africa (AFR) and Eastern Europe and Central Asia (ECA) regions.

All the road agencies that have contributed to this effort have designated a contact person to provide access to the required data and to coordinate activities to further develop the system (see table below).

COUNTRY AGENCY ContactArmenia Armenia Roads SSCC Hakob PetrosyanBangladesh RHD – Roads and Highways Department M. Abdul QuadirGhana GHA – Ghana Highway Authority James A. N. KluIndia CRRI – Central Road Research Institute and NHAI D. MukhopadhyayPhilippines DPWH – Department of Public Works & Highways Anita CorreaPoland GDDP – General Directorate of Public Roads Elzbieta NowickaThailand DOH – Department of Highways Apirak SucharitUganda RAFU – Road Agency Formation Unit David LuyimbaziVietnam Ministry of Transport – Planning & Investment Depart. Nguyen Danh Hai

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY – Page vi of xiv

SYSTEM TESTING - DATA COLLECTION – DATA USER – PARTNER DEVELOPER

EAP Viet Nam Thailand

Philippines

ECA Armenia Poland

AFR Uganda Ghana

SAR India

Bangladesh

THE WORLD BANK TRANSPORT UNIT System Design & Development

Data Collection & Data Consolidation Road Agency Training

EXISTING ROCKS DEVELOPMENT NETWORK

PRODUCT 4. The ROCKS Worldwide Database created with data collected primarily from World Bank financed projects has more than 1,500 records. All data has been compiled into a single file that it is available and provides the basis for future data collection.

Description of the Data in the consolidated Database WORLD.

Sources of Information: Mainly from World Bank Implementation Completion Reports, Project Appraisal Documents, and actual Civil Works Contracts, but also from Project Supervision Reports, Pavement Management Information Systems, and Procurement and Disbursements Reports.

There are 433 records for Programs and 1,079 records for Sections, with a very good distribution between the number of estimates, contracts and actuals.

COST TYPES Estimates Contracts ActualsNumber of Records 554 554 404Percentage 37% 37% 27%

The existing database has data from 65 developing countries. For the majority of countries only a few lines of data are available, and for some others such as Brazil, Chile, Russia, Poland, Ghana, Uganda, India, Thailand, Philippines and Bangladesh, there is a large set of data.

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY – Page vii of xiv

Albania Dominican Republic Malawi Russian FederationAlgeria Estonia Malaysia SamoaArgentina Fiji Mali Sierra LeoneArmenia Ghana Mauritius SpainBangladesh Guatemala Mexico Sri LankaBarbados Guinea Morocco TanzaniaBolivia Haiti Nepal ThailandBotswana Honduras Nicaragua TunisiaBrazil India Nigeria TurkeyChad Indonesia Pakistan UgandaChile Jamaica Panama UgandaChina Kazakhstan Papua New Guinea UruguayColombia Latvia Peru VietnamComoros Lebanon Philippines West Bank and GazaCosta Rica Lithuania Poland Yemen, Rep.Cyprus Madagascar Romania Zambia

Zimbabwe

Period Percentage

1984 1986 1987 1988 1989 19901 7 0 7 14 1

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 19964 26 74 40 63 126

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002171 165 163 324 243 28 75%

23%

2%

Number of Records per Cost Date

84-90

91-95

96-02

PRODUCT 5. The Set of Preliminary Average and Range Unit Costs which is the main output of the system provides costs for a selected number of predominant work activities in the selected single currency (US dollars) and single reference date (year 2000).

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY – Page viii of xiv

Work Type Predominant Work Activity Average Minimum Maximum Count

Routine Maintenance Routine Maintenance Unsealed 2L Highway 989 277 1,740 7Routine Maintenance Bituminous 2L Highway 2,199 656 5,580 40

Grading Light Grading 2L Highway 110 51 205 12Heavy Grading 2L Highway 522 323 876 6

Gravel Resurfacing Regravelling 2L Highway 15,344 1,997 65,038 130

Bituminous Pavement Fog Seal 2L Highway 8,946 2,805 15,783 18Preventive Treatment

Surface Treatment Slurry Seal or Cape Seal 2L Highway 10,732 4,452 27,520 33Resurfacing Single Surface Treatment 2L Highway 18,937 5,295 38,607 38

Double Surface Treatment 2L Highway 27,502 10,684 45,277 55

Asphalt Mix Asphalt Overlay < 40 mm 2L Highway 37,352 12,878 82,320 26Resurfacing Asphalt Overlay 40 to 59 mm 2L Highway 67,619 21,021 126,131 158

Strengthening Asphalt Overlay 60 to 79 mm 2L Highway 89,933 27,473 157,984 37Asphalt Overlay 80 to 99 mm 2L Highway 137,445 38,583 403,694 108Asphalt Overlay > 99 mm 2L Highway 145,853 73,444 273,516 56

Reconstruction Reconstruction Unsealed 2L Highway 36,068 10,046 93,207 24Reconstruction Bituminous 2L Highway 233,426 20,165 685,105 412Reconstruction Concrete 2L Highway 262,992 45,069 657,747 17

PRELIMINARY AVERAGE AND RANGE UNIT COSTS US$/km (Year 2000)PRESERVATION WORKS


Partial Partial Widening to Bituminous 2L 150,925 135,964 161,677 6Widening

Partial Widening and Partial Widening to Bituminous 2L and Rec. 378,160 307,222 424,928 13Reconstruction

Widening Widening Adding Bituminous 2L 486,930 290,776 670,195 22

Widening and Widening Adding Bituminous 1L and Rec. 410,257 262,532 564,575 9Reconstruction Widening Adding Bituminous 2L and Rec. 1,077,419 705,502 1,417,778 21

Widening Adding Bituminous 4L and Rec. 1,866,207 1,568,359 2,096,415 8

Upgrading Upgrading Unsealed to Unsealed 2L Highway 52,176 12,592 93,205 14Upgrading Unsealed to Bituminous 2L Highway 296,466 73,470 834,428 55Upgrading Unsealed to Concrete 2L Highway 314,200 92,651 469,815 5Upgrading Block to Bituminous 2L Highway 325,150 272,527 384,392 3

New 2L Highway New Bituminous 2L Highway 1,256,331 644,786 1,875,104 26New Concrete 2L Highway 1,023,858 572,502 1,515,835 12

New 4L Highway New Bituminous 4L Highway 2,798,048 2,123,298 4,006,131 10New Concrete 4L Highway 3,249,687 2,706,956 3,792,418 2

PRELIMINARY AVERAGE AND RANGE UNIT COSTS US$/km (Year 2000)DEVELOPMENT WORKS

The frequency histograms are the basis for obtaining the average and range of units costs. The graph below presents a histogram which has been prepared using mainly the data for two lane highways (2L), and it includes some data from one lane (1L), intermediate lane (1.5L), wide two lane (3L), and four lane (4L) highways for which equivalent 2 lane costs were calculated.

ROCKS also provides unit costs per m2 calculated based on the width of the main carriageway, and excluding the width of shoulders, bicycle lanes or median. The system generates average and range unit costs per m2 for some work activities.

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY – Page ix of xiv


Gravel Resurfacing Regravelling 2.42 0.29 10.84 130

Bituminous Pavement Fog Seal 1.11 0.35 2.10 18Preventive Treatment

Surface Treatment Slurry Seal or Cape Seal 1.62 0.74 4.59 33Resurfacing Single Surface Treatment 2.61 0.81 5.29 38

Double Surface Treatment 3.82 1.53 6.14 55

Asphalt Mix Asphalt Overlay < 40 mm 5.18 1.84 11.28 26Resurfacing Asphalt Overlay 40 to 59 mm 9.81 3.00 19.16 156

Strengthening Asphalt Overlay 60 to 79 mm 12.74 3.92 21.06 37Asphalt Overlay 80 to 99 mm 18.66 5.51 38.35 104Asphalt Overlay > 99 mm 20.89 10.49 42.08 56

Reconstruction Reconstruction Unsealed 5.15 1.44 13.32 24Reconstruction Bituminous 33.35 2.88 97.87 412Reconstruction Concrete 38.11 6.93 93.96 17

PRESERVATION WORKSPRELIMINARY AVERAGE AND RANGE UNIT COSTS US$/m2 (Year 2000)

Frequency Histogram of Cost per kmDouble Surface Treatment 2L Highway

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10,6

84

13,3

45

16,0

06

18,6

67

21,3

28

23,9

89

26,6

50

29,3

11

31,9

72

34,6

33

37,2

94

39,9

55

42,6

16

45,2

77

US$/km (Year 2000)

Nu

mb

er

of

Ob

se

rva

tio

ns

III. SAMPLE SET OF OUTPUTS

It is expected that these preliminary average and range unit costs can be further enhanced in the future with an increased number of data, and more in depth level of detail for each data in order to:

monitor country road cost variations at different stages, from estimate to contract and actual costs;

assess road costs variations overtime;

compare road costs among states and regions, different financing sources, procurement methodologies (advertisement), etc;

establish relationships with different types of terrain, climate, regions, construction technologies, etc.; and

generate the data that is needed for other road cost related studies like life cycle analysis applied in HDM-4.

Sample Output 1.

Unit Costs per Km in Million US$ (Year 2000) for Selected Work Activities in Thailand and Cost Adjustment Factors by Region and Terrain Type

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY – Page x of xiv

WORK ACTIVITY REGION

Slurry Seal or Cape Seal (Reseal) 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.011

Asphalt Overlay 40-59 mm (50 mm) 0.045 0.050 0.045 0.045

Asphalt Overlay 80-99 mm (80 mm) 0.068 0.077 0.068 0.068

Reconstruction Bitum. (50 mm AC) 0.070 0.092 0.071 0.070



TERRAIN TYPE Flat Rolling Mount. Flat Rolling Mount. Flat Rolling Mnt. Flat Rolling Mount.

Widening Adding Bitum. 2L (2L to 4L) 0.470 0.485 0.725 0.548 0.563 0.823 0.489 0.504 - 0.464 0.479 0.720




New Bituminous 2L Highway 0.337 0.351 0.567 0.387 0.401 0.634 0.352 0.366 - 0.332 0.347 0.563



New Bituminous 4L Expressway 2.584 2.406 3.685 2.762 2.539 3.862 2.620 2.443 - 2.575 2.398 3.677


REGION

TERRAIN TYPE Flat Rolling Mount. Flat Rolling Mount. Flat Rolling Mnt. Flat Rolling Mount.










COST ADJUSTMENT FACTORS BY REGION & TERRAIN TYPE f(FLAT = 1.0)

NORTHERN REGION NORTHEASTERN REG. CENTRAL REGION SOUTHERN REGION

NORTHERN REGION NORTHEASTERN REG. CENTRAL REGION SOUTHERN REGION

Sample Output 2.

Average and Range Unit Costs per m2 in US$ (Year 2000)Selected Works for Bituminous Surface Class - Worldwide Data

Sample Output 3.

Cost Breakdown in Typical Bill of Quantities and Other Agency Costs (%)India Estimates – Widening 2L to 4L and Reconstruction

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY – Page xi of xiv

Road Work Cost Details (% of Road Work Cost)Mobilization (%): 0.5%Demolition and Site Clearance (%): 0.5%Earthworks (%): 11.9%Drainage,P Works,Culv.&Min. Bridges (%): 16.8%Major Bridges and Structures (%): 5.7%Pavement Courses (%): 49.5%Line Markings and Signs (%): 5.8%Contingencies (%): 9.2%Total (%): 100.0%

Land Acquisition (%): 5.1%Resettlement (%): 3.0%Supervision (%): 6.7%

Other Road Agency Costs (% of Road Work Cost)

2.613.82

5.18

9.81

12.74

18.66

0.811.53 1.84

3.003.92

5.514.59

5.296.14

11.28

19.16

21.06

38.35

20.89

1.111.62

10.49

0.740.35

42.08

2.10

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Fog Seal Slurry Sealor Cape

Seal

SingleSurface

Treatment

DoubleSurface

Treatment

AsphaltOverlay <

40 mm

AsphaltOverlay 40to 59 mm



AsphaltOverlay >

99 mm

Pavement Preventive Treatment Surface Treatment Resurfacing Asphalt Mix Resurfacing Strengthening

Maximum Average Minimum

Sample Output 4.

Comparison between Actual Cost at completion and Estimated Costs at Appraisal for World Bank financed Projects – All Countries

Sample Output 5.

Average and Range Unit Costs per Km in Thousands US$ (Year 2000)Selected Development Works - Worldwide Data

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY – Page xii of xiv

All Countries

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0

Works costs per km: Actual Cost / Appraisal Estimate

Probability < 1.0 = 38 %Probability > 1.0 = 62 %

378487

410

1,077

1,866

296 314

1,024

3,250

263

706

1,568

73 93

645573

2,123

2,707

670565

1,418

2,096

834

470

1,875

1,516

4,006

3,792

2,798

1,256

151 291307136

425

162

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

On

ly

an

d R

ec

on

str

uc

tio

n

Ad

din

g B

itu

min

. 2L

Ad

din

g B

itu

min

. 1L

Ad

din

g B

itu

min

. 2L

Ad

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g B

itu

min

. 4L

Un

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Un

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d t

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on

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Bit

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us

Co

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Bit

um

ino

us

Co

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rete

Partial Widening toBituminous 2L

Widening Only Widening and Reconstruction Upgrading 2L Highway New 2L Highway New 4L Highway

Th

ou

san

ds

Maximum Average Minimum

IV. ROCKS DISSEMINATION PACKAGE

The entire ROCKS system including all the data collected and modules developed are part of the ROCKS Dissemination Package contained in a compact disc (CD) which is ready to be distributed worldwide free of charge. It includes the following files:

Microsoft Excel Documents (xls)

ROCKS – Database – WORLD (Version 2.01)

ROCKS – Database – EMPTY (Version 2.01)

ROCKS – Module - Disbursements (Version 2.01)

ROCKS – Module - View (Version 2.01)

ROCKS – Module - Statistics (Version 2.01)

ROCKS – Documentation – Data Collection Form (Version 2.01)

ROCKS – Documentation – Road Works Classification (Version 2.01)

ROCKS – Documentation – Annex 1 - Set of Statistics Report (Version

2.01)

Microsoft Word Documents (doc)

ROCKS – Documentation - Executive Summary (Version 2.01)

ROCKS – Documentation - User’s Manual (Version 2.01)

ROCKS – Documentation – Read Me First (Version 2.01)

Microsoft Power Point Document (ppt)

ROCKS – Documentation – PowerPoint Presentation (Version 2.01)

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY – Page xiii of xiv

For more information contact:

The World BankTransport & Urban Development Department

1818 H St. NWWashington, DC 20433

Fax: 1-202-522-3223

Rodrigo Archondo-CallaoTechnical SpecialistE-mail: [email protected]

Anil BhandariLead SpecialistE-mail: [email protected]

Alberto NogalesConsultantE-mail: [email protected]

ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY – Page xiv of xiv

mailto:[email protected]

