ROBOTICS &

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

By,

DON DOMINIC

29

S3 ECE CET

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

• small scale computers

• perform a specific task

• single component(hardware + software)-’embedded’

• after design, incapable of changing task

• Compact: limited memory i/p, o/p ports, speed

• Can interact with physical surrounding

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ES-APPLICATION

• Telecommunications:

• Telephones

• Cellphones

• Router etc.

• Consumer electronics:

• smartwatches or digital watches

• Mp3 players

• Printers

• Ovens

• washing machines etc.

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ES-APPLICATION (Cntd)

• Transportation:

• speed controllers

• traffic signals

• GPS receivers

• automobile safety systems :

• Anti-lock Braking System

• Electronic Stability Control

• Traction control

• Medical field

• electronic stethoscopes

• medical imaging systems:

• PET

• CT

• MRI

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ES-CHARACTERISTICS

• Single-functioned

• Tightly constrained

• Reactive and Real time

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ES-ADVANTAGES

• Easily Customizable

• Low power consumption

• Low cost

• Enhanced performance

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ES-DISADVANTAGES

• High development effort

• Larger time to market

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ES- BASIC COMPONENTS

• Sensor

• Measures physical quantities

• Converts into Electric signals

• Analog to Digital Converter(ADC)

• Processor

• Digital to Analog Converter(DAC)

• Actuator

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MICROCONTROLERS AND MICROPROCESSORS

Microprocessor Mirocontroller

• requires additional components for

Memory, Input Output ports, Timer

etc.

• perform wider set off general

functions

• multitasking in nature

• Higher power consumption

• Eg: Intel 8085, 80386, Pentium etc.

• have incorporated program memory,

RAM, input output ports etc.

• perform small set of specific

functions

• single task oriented

• Lower power consumption

• Eg: PIC series, AVR series, Atmega

series etc.

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ROBOTICS

• development of man-made electro-mechanical devices

• fully automatic, semi automatic, or manually controlled

• planned, sensed, actuated and controlled

• behavior influenced by programming

• can work in safe interaction with surroundings

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ISSAC ASIMOV’S FOUR LAWS OF ROBOTICS

• First Law: A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a

human being to come to harm.

• Second Law: A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings, except

where such orders would conflict with the First Law.

• Third Law: A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection

does not conflict with the First or Second Laws.

• Zeroth Law: A robot may not injure humanity, or, by inaction, allow humanity to

come to harm. 11/15/2016DON DOMINIC S3 ECE CET 11

HUMANS VS ROBOTS

Man Robot

• Manipulation

• Vision

• Hearing

• Feeling

• Communication

• Brain

• Smell and Taste

• Arms and fingers driven by motors

and other actuators

• Camera

• Microphone

• Tactile Sensor

• Wires, Fiber Optics & Radio

• Computers and Microprocessors

• <still under development>

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TYPES OF ROBOTS

• Industrial Robots

• welding robots

• painting robots

• assembling robots

• Medical Robots

• Surgery purpose

• Cleaning Robots

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• Mobile Robots:

• in chemical power plant

• under sea

• remote areas

• bombs fields

• Transport Robot

• Robotic aircrafts and boats

• Used by army or rescue mission

• Toy Robots

• For entertainment

TYPES OF ROBOTS (CONTD)

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ACTUATORS

• mechanism to control equipment

• pneumatic

• hydraulic

• electronic

• Motor:-electrical to mechanical energy

• give movement

• design control system

• Geared Motor

• Stepper Motor

• Servo Motor

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Motor driver/ H-Bridge

• electronic circuit (IC: L293D)

• to control:

• Direction of rotation

• Speed of rotation

of motors

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SENSORS

• Light Sensor

• Temperature Sensor

• Sound Sensor

• Proximity Sensor

• Contact/Touch Sensor

• Distance Sensor

• Pressure Sensor

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SENSORS (CONTD)

• Tilt Sensor

• Acceleration Sensor

• Gyroscope

• Voltage Sensor

• Current Sensor

• Humidity Sensor

• Gas Sensor

• Colour Sensor

• Magnetic Field Sensor

• Navigation/Position Sensor etc.11/15/2016DON DOMINIC S3 ECE CET 18

THANKYOU

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