road pricing final

8/2/2019 Road Pricing Final

1/20

Click to edit Master subtitle style

3/11/12

ROADPRICING


2/20

3/11/12

Road pricing is an economic conceptregarding the various direct charges appliedfor the use ofroads. The road charges includesfuel taxes, licencefees, parking taxes, tolls,and congestion charges, including those whichmay vary by time of day, by the specific road,or by the specific vehicle type, being used.

ROAD PRICING
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_taxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_licencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_licencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toll_roadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congestion_pricinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congestion_pricinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toll_roadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_licencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_licencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_taxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road


3/20

3/11/12

Road user charging

Congestion charging

Congestion pricing

Other specific terms e.g. road tolling, valuepricing, variable pricing and peak periodpricing

OTHER NAMES


4/20

3/11/12

revenue generation, usually for roadinfrastructure financing

congestion pricing for demand managementpurposes.

OBJECTIVES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congestion_pricinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transportation_Demand_Managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transportation_Demand_Managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congestion_pricing


5/20

3/11/12

New sources of revenue for transport projectsFailure of alternative policies to cope with the

growth of traffic congestion

Why road pricing is interested

SOn Road pricing is widely accepted as an effective tool

for:l alleviating traffic congestion,l reducing environmental impacts,

l generating revenue to finance transportimprovements

n BUT there are a number of barriers in

implementation, e.g. questions on public


6/20

3/11/12

Implementation In Singapore in 1975 - the Area Licensing Scheme(ALS) and replaced by Electronic Road Pricing (ERP)in 1998

In Norway - toll rings were installed to raise revenueBergen in 1986Oslo in 1990Trondheim in 1991

In London on 17 February 2003

Experiences


7/203/11/12

v Road pricing orcongestion pricing has long beenassociated with Singapore. Indeed, road pricing started inSingapore in June 1975.

v Many changes have been made to the road pricingscheme since that time. Initially, a manual scheme basedon paper permits and applicable during the morning peakperiod only, it has evolved over the past 27 years to anelectronic version that operates almost throughout the day

presently.

v Road pricing is an important component ofSingapores overall transportation strategy

Singapores road pricing


8/203/11/12

v . While road capacity continues to beincreased judiciously to meet rising traveldemand, the strategy also calls for greater

reliance on public transport usage anddemand management.

v Aspects demand management

(A) restraint of vehicle ownership

(B) restraint of vehicle usage through thelevy a charge on motorists based on thequantity, place or time of the use of theirvehicles.

v Generally, the more one uses his car themore one has to pay. The road pricingschemes, petrol tax, diesel duty, and

parking charges are measures in thiscategory.


9/203/11/12

There were two manual road pricingschemes used in Singapore, namely theArea Licensing Scheme (ALS) and the Road

Pricing Scheme (RPS).The ALS was in placefor 23 years before being replaced by anelectronic version called the ElectronicRoad Pricing System (ERP), while the RPSwas implemented progressively onexpressways from 1995 (and alsosubsequently replaced by the ERP in 1998).Basically, both schemes were based on theneed for paper licenses to be purchasedprior to their passage through controlpoints set up on the roads.


10/20

3/11/12

v Manual road pricing introduced in CentralBusiness District (CBD) since 1975

v High manpower needs, inconvenient, limitedin varying road pricing cha

Area License Scheme


11/20

3/11/12

worksThe ERP system is designed to be simple to use. Indeed, all thatit required of the user is to insert the smart-card into the IU, whereby adiagnostic check is automatically done to ensure that both the IU and thesmart-card are in working condition. The IU is also designed to have alow balance indicator

The tolls would be varied according to the average speed on thenetwork.

Prices applied under ERP are subject to maintain traffic speeds of 45-65 km/h on expressways and 20-30 km/h on arterial roads.

Electronic Road Pricing

B t t R


12/20

3/11/12

v Provides a targeted solution for congestion pricing byallowing the authorities to pin-point specific congestion spotsand vary the congestion charge according to prevailing trafficpatterns. Therefore, the charges can either increase ordecrease according to the demand of usage of the priced-roador expressway.

By pricing congested stretches, ERP system helps to moderate

and spread out vehicle usage for optimal usage of the roadnetwork by encouraging motorists to consider alternatives.These would include using other roads to arrive at theirdestinations, travel during the off-peak periods, use of publictransport or car-pooling.

v Reliablity factories and store enjoy on time shipments anddelivery so that they can run at full capacities.

Bene ts ectron c RoaPricing


13/20

3/11/12

London Congestion Charging

Started on 17 February 2003

Objectives

w reduce traffic congestion

w increase journey time reliability

w decrease of air pollution


14/20

3/11/12

In the early 1960s, Smeed report - the technical feasibility ofvarious methods for pricing systems.

In the 1970s, the Greater London Council (GLC) proposedthe charging system called supplementary licensing.

In the 1980s the London Planning Advisor Committee

(LPAC) concluded that improvement of public transport byitself was not seen as sufficient; there was a need for directmeasures to restraint road traffic and to obtain a betterbalance between the demand and supply of road space.Congestion charging was seen as the most favourable.

During the early 1990s, The London Congestion ChargingResearch Programme was sponsored by the Department ofTransport to study various charging systems.

The History (1)


15/20

3/11/12

In 1998, Road Charging Options for London(ROCOL) study forms the basis for the todayLondon Congestion Charging Scheme.

In 1999, the Greater London Authority (GLA) Act

provides full powers for the Mayor to introducecongestion charging schemes in Greater London.

In May 2000, Mr. Ken Livingstone waselected tobe the Mayor of London on the basis of a

manifesto which included a promise to introducea congestion charging scheme in central London.

Finally, the congestion charging scheme went liveon 17th February 2003.

The History (2)


16/20

3/11/12

See Transport for London Website (www.tfl.gov.uk)

w Bounded by the Inner

Ring Roadw 7am-6:30pm, Mon.-Fri.

excluding PublicHolidays

w 5 per vehicle per day(8 from 4 June 2005)

w Discount for e.g.residents who live in thezone, disabled people,

taxis, coaches andminibusesw Exempt for e.g.

emergency services onbehalf of the NHS,

police, fire, ambulance



17/20

3/11/12


Impacts- 15 % traffic reduction

- 30% congestion reduction

- 12% pollution reduction (NOx, PM10)

- Journeys had become more reliable- Buses significantly gain in reliability

- Substantial reductions in road traffic accidents

- No evidence that increased average traffic speeds

have had any noticeable effect on the severity of

casualties

- No evidence of any significant adverse traffic

impacts from the scheme outside the zone


18/20

3/11/12

w Public acceptabilityn Charge for something which is free beforen Unfair and favour the richn Possible economic and land use impactn No alternative

w Political leadership and acceptabilityw Legislation and institutional framework

(inappropriate legislation and organisation

structures, and contradictory policies elsewhere)w Time dimension (the temporal development of

policy from conceptualisation and planning,through decision-making, to implementation and

operation)

Barrier to the implementation

BARRIERS


19/20

3/11/12

Road pricing is efficient and environmentallybeneficial available tool forcongested cities.

However, road pricing cannot by itself deal withthe transport problems.

It must be seen as a part of comprehensive policypackage, which includes substantialimprovements to public transport and otheralternative modes, environmental enhancements,and in the long term, new approaches to land use

planning and more usages of intelligent transportsystems.

Moreover, objectives and benefits of chargingneed to be clear to the public. On the other hand,

they should be convinced that society as a whole

Conclusions


20/20

Click to edit Master subtitle style

3/11/12

MADE BY- PREETINIKITA

MUSKANMANDEEP

road pricing final

Documents