road networks (m.eng civil)
TRANSCRIPT
BAYERO UNIVERSITY KANO
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
M. ENG CIVIL ENGINEERING(HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION)
A PRESENTATION ON
ROAD NETWORKS
BY IBRAHIM LAWAL
(SPS/ I5/MCE/00007)
LECTURER: DR. H. M. ALHASSAN
CONCEPT
• The road network consists of a system of interconnected paved carriageways which are
designed to carry (wheel loads) buses, cars and goods vehicles; the road network
generally forms the most basic level of transport infrastructure within urban areas, and
will link with all other areas, both within and beyond the boundaries of the urban area.
• A road network can be divided into parts such as:
• Intersections
• Urban roads
• Rural roads
• Motorways
• Footpaths and pedestrian areas
• Bridges and tunnels
• Bicycle lanes
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM ROAD NETWORK
CONT
DESIGN OF ROAD NETWORKS
• This is the process of establishing the visible (physical) elements of the road. It is the
process of relating the physical element to the vehicle, driver and pedestrian
characteristics as well as to merge with the natural terrain. The main criteria that
guide the road network design procedure include: -
• (a) Traffic characteristics i.e. traffic volume or roadway capacity.
• (b) Design speed
• (c) Road alignment including horizontal and vertical profile.
• (d) Cross –sectional elements
• (e) Sight distance
A WELL STRUCTURED ROAD NETWORKS
CHARACTERISTICS OF ROAD NETWORKS
• Many possible variations in street networks exist today, and subtle differences can
have huge impacts. Despite the extreme complexity of network types, street networks
can generally be characterized through a combination of:
• Shape and configuration
• The scale of the network
• The connectivity of the streets
HEIRARCHY
• A road hierarchy is a means of defining each roadway in terms of its function such
that appropriate objectives for that roadway can be set and appropriate design
criteria can be implemented. These objectives and design criteria are aimed at
achieving an efficient road system whereby conflicts between the roadway and the
adjacent land use are minimized and the appropriate level of interaction between the
roadway and land use is permitted. The road hierarchy can then form the basis of
ongoing planning and system management aimed at reducing the mixing of
incompatible functions.
CONT
ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS
• A Transport Assessment is a comprehensive and systematic process that sets out
transport issues relating to a proposed development. It identifies what measures will be
taken to deal with the anticipated transport impacts of the scheme and to improve
accessibility and safety for all modes of travel, particularly for alternatives to the car such
as walking, cycling and public transport.
• Inrix has announced the release of ‘Roadway Analytics’, a new cloud-based portfolio of
road performance and analytical visualization tools, which is the first set of on-demand
tools to be available in Europe and the Middle East that enables instant analysis of the
company’s XD Traffic data. The service offers an unprecedented level of access to highly
precise information to better inform transport agencies when making key decisions on
the performance of national and city road networks. It uses the world’s largest traffic data
network, which in its entirety covers nearly 5,000,000 miles (8,000,000 km) of road in 45
countries, meaning that the technical analyses, charts, tables and other visualizations that
form the output of the service are founded on reliable, tested data that is currently in use
by more than 60 transportation agencies worldwide.
CONT
CONT
• Developed to provide instant access to information for measuring and reporting road
performance, the portfolio of tools provided in the Roadway Analytics service includes:
• Data Downloader enables users to directly query XD Traffic speed archive data, from 24
hours prior, for any road segment and/or time period required;
• Performance Charts produces line and bar graphs, which enable before and after
studies and/or comparison studies of roadways, and use visualizations to communicate
findings;
• Congestion Scan uses heat maps to identify problem areas along a road, meaning
transport agencies can pinpoint the location of congestion to better target improvement
efforts;
• Bottleneck Ranking identifies all congested corridors during a specific analysis period
within an area, and provides a ranking by determining the number of occurrences, length
and duration of each bottleneck.
CONTROL AND OPERATIONS
• concern the methods at the disposal of road authorities and highway
infrastructure operators that contribute to safer and more efficient
travel for road users and for society as a whole. This includes
techniques such as traffic incident detection, incident management,
traffic control (urban and inter-urban), traveller information (pre-trip
and on-trip), public transport priorities, electronic payment and travel
demand management techniques.
• Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) concern a wide range of services
that use information and communications technology that can improve
transportation and mobility.
A SIMPLE ILLUSTRATION OF AN ITS FOR CONTROL OF TRAFFIC OPERATION
REFERENCES
• Guidance-On-Transport-Assessment.com is a subsidiary website of Sanderson Associates
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Registered in England and Wale.
• Hamblin, J. (2014, August 13). The Atlantic. Retrieved September 16, 2015, from
TheAtlantic.com.
• Marshall, W. E., & Norman W. Garrick. (2009). Street Network Types and Road Safety: A
Study of California Cities. N/A: Urban Design International.
• Wesley E. Marshall, Garrick, N., and Marshall, S. “Street Networks” in International
Handbook on Transport and Development by Editors R. Hickman, D. Bonilla, M. Givoni,
and D. Banister, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2014 (accepted).
• Road Network Operations & Intelligent Transport Systems, A guide for practitioners!
World road association website.
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