Árni gunnarsson iceland vs romaniageothermal.ro/pdf/presentare-ag pt902 seminar-20.3... · • 2...
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GEOTHERMAL UTILISATIONIceland vs Romania
Oradea - Prezentare la Seminariile Proiectului PT902
2017.03.20
Árni Gunnarsson
Managing Director
Icelandic Geoth. Eng. Ltd.
United Nations University in IcelandGeothermal Training Program
Many specialists from Romania have participtated in the annual 6 months
geothermal training since 1979
EEA Grant - Cooperation in Romania
Sources: Orkustofnun
National Energy Authority Iceland
• RONDINE Programme in Romania (12,3 M€) 2009-2013• Small hydro power plants across Romania.
• Focus on geothermal areas where a market for heat is in place (GeoDH)
• Oradea PT-902
• Balotesti well 2684 in Ilfov County - Heating Hospital “Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu
• Higher education in geothermal and specialized courses
• Pre-Feasibilty studies of GeoDH
• Geothermal Poetial in Oradea
• Geothermal Potential in Beius
• RONDINE Programme in Romania (? M€) 2017-2021
Outline
My background working in Romania
Geothermal in Iceland
Case study - Development of the Geothermal District Heating system in Reykjavik Cosmopolitan Area
EEA-Grant Geothermal Projects in Romania
My background in Romania
Main speciality is deep well pumps for geothermal wells – a key to successful utilisation of low temperature geothermal
reservoirs
• 1996 - Installing the first deep well pump in a geothermal well in Oradea
• 1998 – Installing the first geothermal well in Beius
• Today a total of 8 deep well pump installations:
• 5 in Oradea
• 2 in Beius
• 1 in Bucharest, Balutesti
• All these installation done in a co-op. with SC Transgex S.A.
Started 1930 with drilling of the first geothermal low temperature wells
Geothermal in Iceland
Primary Energy Consumption 1940 – 2011All Stationary Energy use in Iceland is by renewables
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
1940
1943
1946
1949
1952
1955
1958
1961
1964
1967
1970
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
2009
2011
PJ (petajoule)
Hydropower
Geothermal
Oil
Coal
Peat
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Hydropower
Geothermal
Oil
Coal
Proportional contribution of sources
Space heating in Iceland 1970-2011
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
OilElectricity
Geothermal 89.5
9.8%
0.7%
From fossil fuel to geothermalThe environmental benefit
Before geothermal space heating:
Reykjavik in 1933 covered with smoke from
coal burning
With geothermal space heating:
Reykjavik today, almost same view but
without visible air pollution
9
• Energy independence
• Economic benefits
• Comfort of living
• Job and knowledge creation
• Climate
Economic benefit equals annually 4-6% of Iceland’s gross domestic product (GDP)
What were the drivers in Iceland?
Average District Heating Prices in Europe, the
United States and S-Korea
Icelandic GeoDH are Price and Quality Competitive
11
• There are 175 swimming pools in Iceland – 150 use geothermal heat.
• Most of the pools are open air pools in constant use throughout the year.
Swimming pools
12
Swimming pools -hot pots
Case study - Development of the Geothermal District Heating System in Reykjavik
Cosmopolitan Area
170.000 inhabitants connected today
Geothermal Utilisation in Iceland for Centuries
Reykjavik DH-System Expansion
- Built it in Stages – first stage 1930
15
System Expansion -
- Stage 2 – still based on artesian well flow
16
System Expansion
- Stage 3 – still artesian with a new resource
17
18
Laugarnes-field in Reykjavik
System Expansion
- Stage 3 – pumping of wells starts
19
System Expansion
- Stage 4 – all 36 wells at Reykir/Reykjahlid with pumps
20
21
Reykir -Reykjahlíð
Prior to exploitationartesian flow: 120 l/sArea: 5.5 km2
Temp: 65-100 °C
Capacity : 1700 l/s
No. of exploitation wells : 34
Reykir Production in gigalitres 1971-2013 Total from the beginning = 633,6 Gl or 467 l/s
Gig
ali
tre
sl/
s (a
ve
rag
e)
Average1971 -1980
488 l/s
Average1991 -2000
398 l/s
Average1981 -1990
588 l/s
Average2000 -2010
413 l/s
System Expansion- We Built it in Stages to reach the final goal – 100% geothermal
23
REYKIRGeothermal field
1700 kg/s
Deep well pumps
85-90°C
Deaerator
Pumpingstation
Storage tanks
Oil fired peak powerstation 100 MWt
90°C 90°C Mixing
80°C
80°C
35°C
Snowmelting
Drain
Heating
Heating
35°C
ELLIDAÁR
Geothermal field220 kg/s
LAUGARNES
Geothermal field330 kg/s
Heating
Heating
80°C 35°C127°C 127°C
Drain
Drain
Drain
Drain
80°C 35°C
83°C
Cold waterwells
Geothermalwells
200 MWt
NESJAVELLIR
Simplified flow diagram for District Heating system in Reykjavik capital area
• Geothermal energy is among the cleanest available energy sources
• It is renewable when used in a sustainable way
• Economic
• Environmental beneficial
• Being domestic energy and used locally• Reduces import of other
energy sources such as fossil fuels
• Improves energy safety
Conclusion