GEOTHERMAL UTILISATIONIceland vs Romania

Oradea - Prezentare la Seminariile Proiectului PT902

2017.03.20

Árni Gunnarsson

Managing Director

Icelandic Geoth. Eng. Ltd.

United Nations University in IcelandGeothermal Training Program

Many specialists from Romania have participtated in the annual 6 months

geothermal training since 1979

EEA Grant - Cooperation in Romania

Sources: Orkustofnun

National Energy Authority Iceland

• RONDINE Programme in Romania (12,3 M€) 2009-2013• Small hydro power plants across Romania.

• Focus on geothermal areas where a market for heat is in place (GeoDH)

• Oradea PT-902

• Balotesti well 2684 in Ilfov County - Heating Hospital “Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu

• Higher education in geothermal and specialized courses

• Pre-Feasibilty studies of GeoDH

• Geothermal Poetial in Oradea

• Geothermal Potential in Beius

• RONDINE Programme in Romania (? M€) 2017-2021

Outline

My background working in Romania

Geothermal in Iceland

Case study - Development of the Geothermal District Heating system in Reykjavik Cosmopolitan Area

EEA-Grant Geothermal Projects in Romania

My background in Romania

Main speciality is deep well pumps for geothermal wells – a key to successful utilisation of low temperature geothermal

reservoirs

• 1996 - Installing the first deep well pump in a geothermal well in Oradea

• 1998 – Installing the first geothermal well in Beius

• Today a total of 8 deep well pump installations:

• 5 in Oradea

• 2 in Beius

• 1 in Bucharest, Balutesti

• All these installation done in a co-op. with SC Transgex S.A.

Started 1930 with drilling of the first geothermal low temperature wells

Geothermal in Iceland

Primary Energy Consumption 1940 – 2011All Stationary Energy use in Iceland is by renewables

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

1940

1943

1946

1949

1952

1955

1958

1961

1964

1967

1970

1973

1976

1979

1982

1985

1988

1991

1994

1997

2000

2003

2006

2009

2011

PJ (petajoule)

Hydropower

Geothermal

Oil

Coal

Peat

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Hydropower

Geothermal

Oil

Coal

Proportional contribution of sources

Space heating in Iceland 1970-2011

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

OilElectricity

Geothermal 89.5

9.8%

0.7%

From fossil fuel to geothermalThe environmental benefit

Before geothermal space heating:

Reykjavik in 1933 covered with smoke from

coal burning

With geothermal space heating:

Reykjavik today, almost same view but

without visible air pollution

9

• Energy independence

• Economic benefits

• Comfort of living

• Job and knowledge creation

• Climate

Economic benefit equals annually 4-6% of Iceland’s gross domestic product (GDP)

What were the drivers in Iceland?

Average District Heating Prices in Europe, the

United States and S-Korea

Icelandic GeoDH are Price and Quality Competitive

11

• There are 175 swimming pools in Iceland – 150 use geothermal heat.

• Most of the pools are open air pools in constant use throughout the year.

Swimming pools

12

Swimming pools -hot pots

Case study - Development of the Geothermal District Heating System in Reykjavik

Cosmopolitan Area

170.000 inhabitants connected today

Geothermal Utilisation in Iceland for Centuries

Reykjavik DH-System Expansion

- Built it in Stages – first stage 1930

15

System Expansion -

- Stage 2 – still based on artesian well flow

16

System Expansion

- Stage 3 – still artesian with a new resource

17

18

Laugarnes-field in Reykjavik

System Expansion

- Stage 3 – pumping of wells starts

19

System Expansion

- Stage 4 – all 36 wells at Reykir/Reykjahlid with pumps

20

21

Reykir -Reykjahlíð

Prior to exploitationartesian flow: 120 l/sArea: 5.5 km2

Temp: 65-100 °C

Capacity : 1700 l/s

No. of exploitation wells : 34

Reykir Production in gigalitres 1971-2013 Total from the beginning = 633,6 Gl or 467 l/s

Gig

ali

tre

sl/

s (a

ve

rag

e)

Average1971 -1980

488 l/s

Average1991 -2000

398 l/s

Average1981 -1990

588 l/s

Average2000 -2010

413 l/s

System Expansion- We Built it in Stages to reach the final goal – 100% geothermal

23

REYKIRGeothermal field

1700 kg/s

Deep well pumps

85-90°C

Deaerator

Pumpingstation

Storage tanks

Oil fired peak powerstation 100 MWt

90°C 90°C Mixing

80°C

80°C

35°C

Snowmelting

Drain

Heating

Heating

35°C

ELLIDAÁR

Geothermal field220 kg/s

LAUGARNES

Geothermal field330 kg/s

Heating

Heating

80°C 35°C127°C 127°C

Drain

Drain

Drain

Drain

80°C 35°C

83°C

Cold waterwells

Geothermalwells

200 MWt

NESJAVELLIR

Simplified flow diagram for District Heating system in Reykjavik capital area

• Geothermal energy is among the cleanest available energy sources

• It is renewable when used in a sustainable way

• Economic

• Environmental beneficial

• Being domestic energy and used locally• Reduces import of other

energy sources such as fossil fuels

• Improves energy safety

Conclusion