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River Restoration Approach

Presented By- Infrastructure for Climate Resilient Growth (ICRG) Program –Based on Sakri River Kawardha Project Experience

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River System • River – a natural flowing watercourse that drains to sea,

ocean, lakes, another rivers or becomes dry before reaching other water bodies

• Rivers forms an integral part of hydrological cycle that is primarily fed by precipitation through its drainage basin as surface runoff

• A river may begin at a source or several sources and follows a path called course. Water in the river is confined to a channel (stream bed) between the banks.

• Larger rivers have often wider flood plain that is characterized and formed by overtopping the channel.

• Rivers must have primarily the following rights- • Right to flow in natural form

• Right to its land

• Right to flow in its intact form (with out added sewage)

• Right to maintain its ecosystem

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Reference – Presentation Dr. R Sinha, IIT Kanpur

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Basics of River Flow

The river in it’s natural state meanders. The concave bend witnesses silt deposition and convex bend is susceptible to erosion.

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Area Profile of river –flow

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River Flow

During Monsoon season, the water level in the river is generally higher than the Ground water level. The water from the river channel, helps to recharge the Ground water.

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During the post monsoon season, if the water level in the river channel is lower than the ground water level, the ground water level recharges the river to maintain it’s flow.

River Flow

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During the post monsoon season, if the ground water level in lower than the channel bed level, the ground water level cannot recharges the river and river gets dry.

River Flow

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Original bed elevation along the river length

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Bed elevation after construction of structures along the river profile

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Stream Orders and river system network

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Source- fgmorph.com


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River Restoration Suggestive Step • Identification of problem related to river health

• Assessment of drivers and barriers for the problem • Assessment of catchment and valley area bio-physical properties

• Stakeholder consultations and development of road map

Pre -Planning Phase

• Formation of core team – Management -technical team- Community mobilization team

• Survey of the river sites and prioritization of restoration measures

• Community mobilization • Preparation of detailed project report (Technical and Financial)

Planning Phase

• Prioritization of measures

• Implementation of measures (Ridge to valley) • Monitoring of the implantation measures

• Documentation of measures

Implementation Phase

• Identification of lesson

• Review and consultation

• Planning for second phase Scaling up Phase

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Pre-Planning Phase • Identification of issues related to river health

• River in the valley area gets dry post monsoon compared to historical scenario

• River in the valley area has issues of excessive siltation

• River in the catchment area (ridge area) gets dry post monsoon compared to historical scenario

• River in the catchment area has issues of excessive siltation

• Structures (like Anicuts/ Check dam) are ineffective due to siltation

• Discharge of sewage water that affects the quality of water

• River causes server erosion at the bank in the valley area

• River changes is course due to excessive silt deposition

Site Photographs – Sakri River upper catchment area, Kawardha

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Pre-Planning Phase • Assessment of drivers and barriers to the problem

• Excessive deforestation in the upper catchment area

• Excessive grazing in the upper ridge

• Encroachment of river flood plain area

• Excessive ground water exploitation in the valley area

• Construction of unplanned water harvesting structures (Annicut/Check dam) along the river bed

• Unmanaged (Removal of silt) in the upstream area of water harvesting structures

• Excessive removal of water from the diversion weir

• Intensive agriculture practices along the river banks

Site Photographs – Sakri River valley area, Kawardha

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Upstream with excessive siltation

Encroachment of river flood plain

Diversion of water from weir

Discharge of sewage in river bed

Site Photographs – Sakri River, Kawardha

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Pre-Planning Phase • Assessment of Catchment and valley area • Prioritizing the area of intervention for the phase

Source – Google Earth Pro

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Identification of different stream orders

Source – Bhuvan Portal

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Assessment of stream orders and networks


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Land use land cover maps Erosion maps Lineament maps Ground water prospects maps Toposheet Contour maps


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Pre-Planning Phase

• Stakeholder consultation • Water Resource Department

• Rural Engineering Services

• Forest Department

• Public Health Engineering Department

• Agriculture Department

• NRLM

• Community Leaders

• Rural Development Department

• NGOs

• Development of Road Map • Action plan for planning phase, implementation phase, and monitoring

system

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Planning Phase • Formation of team (Institutional Arrangements)

• Core Management Team (Develops strategies and reviews processes)

• Technical Team (Conducts surveys, suggests restoration measures)

• Detailed Project Preparation Team (Prepared technical reports)

• Community Mobilization team (Mobilizes community participation)

• Quality Assurance team (Ensures quality during implementation phase )

• Documentation team (Documents all the processes and measures)

Management

team

Technical Team DPR

development Team

Community Mobilization

Team

Quality Assurance Team

Documentation team

Chaired by District Collector

Technical Coordinator Sub-Divisional Officer from Forest, Rural Engineering Services, and Water Resource Department, MGNREGA Technical Team

Technical Coordinator Sub-Divisional Officer from Forest, Rural Engineering Services, and Water Resource Department, MGNREGA Technical Team

Team from NRLM (Bihan) NGOs and Community Leaders

Technical Assistant-MGNREGA

Documentation team –Bihan, or District Documentation team

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Survey and Prioritization of Measures – Field Survey

Site Photographs – Sakri River Kawardha

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Frontier Technology Livestreaming Project

• Promote the use of drones in access image

• Processing of image and use of ortho rectified image for analysis

• Receive DEM of 5m interval

• Identification of hot spot area

• Improved planning process

Global Initiative on Academic Network (GIAN) Short Course on

Sustainable urban planning using Remote Sensing and GIS

Overview Modern urban planning in India is confronted with major challenges such as accelerated growth and land-use change, unplanned expansion and water supply management issues in a warming climate. The rapid pace of these changes in the 21st century has made even basic information gathering on the state of Indian cities a very difficult task. In this context, effective urban management decisions properly supported by transparent evidence that can be transmitted to public stake-holders are critical. This course aims to give participants state-of-the-art remote sensing and GIS skills which will allow them to rise to the challenge of managing the rapidly changing urban environment of Indian cities. After refreshing basic knowledge of GIS and remote sensing, the course will focus on the use of open-source GIS and remote sensing in key areas of urban planning such as land-use change within cities, assessment of unplanned urban growth and the assessment of island heat effects. The course will also include the controlled use of drones in order to assess small scale structures and urban characteristics that cannot be seen from satellites. Furthermore, the course will pay particular attention to issues of water resource management, water pollution and strategic emplacements for water treatment facilities.

This course will contribute significantly to build trained manpower for the Smart Cities Mission launched by the Government of India on 25 June 2015 with an objective to promote sustainable and inclusive cities that provide core infrastructure and give a decent quality of life to its citizens, a clean and sustainable environment and application of ‘Smart’ Solutions. Urban planning for a smart city needs a complete understanding of physical and digital space with adequate geospatial datasets and analytical capabilities. On the other hand, the planning is also affected by stakeholders via participatory management of resources and policy interventions. This course aims to address both the issues by encouraging the use of modern techniques of remote sensing and GIS. Objectives The primary objectives of the course are as follows: i. Revise and Strengthen foundation concepts in Remote Sensing and GIS. ii. Give participants a set of operational skills enabling them to support urban planning and management with

remote sensing and GIS-based assessments. iii. Instruct participants in state-of-the-art methods for land-use classification and land-use change detection. iv. Teach participants to assess and quantify urban expansion, both planned and un-planned, with advanced remote

sensing methods and declassified satellite imagery.

Survey and Prioritization of Measures – Drone Survey


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Selection of Measures Possible interventions – Ridge area, Middle area and Valley area Ridge area-

a. Plantation – As per local biodiversity and forest plan

b. Loose boulder Checks

c. Gully Plugs

d. Underground Dykes

Middle area-

a. Percolation tanks

b. Plantations – Horticulture, Drumstick and fast growing species

c. Staggered Trenches – grazing land development

d. Earthen Dam/ embankments

e. Check dams

Valley area-

a. Plantations - Horticulture, Drumstick and fast growing species (3 to 5 row along the river bank on either side)

b. Farm Pond – Different design as per site – recharge/harvest zone – cluster approach

c. Percolation tanks

d. Check dams /Earthen Dams

e. Earthen Bunds

f. Stop Dam and Anicuts

g. Soak Pits

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Categorization of works in the valley area – Channel Bed and River Path

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De-siltation work- Drone Image Processed Output

Elevation Profile , River Cross- sectional area River De-siltation depth

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Information from Google Earth Pro

• Elevation Profile of the river • Area for De-siltation in upstream and downstream • Area for plantation • Historical Image for analysis in changes in river catchment area

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Reference – Google Earth Pro

Training (Alignment of the river path) through Drone Image Processed Output

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Community Mobilization

• Development of river timeline (Historical trend, current status and future scenarios)

• Formation of River community management groups

• Kalas Yatra

• Formation of community river management fund


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Preparation of Detailed Project Report

• Develop technical design, drawing and estimate of all finalized works

• Allocation of restoration works to different departments

• Allocation of fund (complementary and catalyzing )

• Develop quality assurance measures

• Develop monitoring systems and feedback loop

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Prioritization of measures

• Prioritization of works – from Ridge to valley concept

• Construction of natural management works in ridge area

• Block Plantation

• Bank plantation

• De-siltation works

• River training and channelization

• Ground water recharge measures


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Implementation of measures (Quality Assurance)


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River Restoration Suggestive Step • Identification of problem related to river health

• Assessment of drivers and barriers for the problem • Assessment of catchment and valley area bio-physical properties

• Stakeholder consultations and development of road map

Pre -Planning Phase

• Formation of core team – Management -technical team- Community mobilization team

• Survey of the river sites and prioritization of restoration measures

• Community mobilization • Preparation of detailed project report (Technical and Financial)

Planning Phase

• Prioritization of measures

• Implementation of measures (Ridge to valley) • Monitoring of the implantation measures

• Documentation of measures

Implementation Phase

• Identification of lesson

• Review and consultation

• Planning for second phase Scaling up Phase

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Focus points • Identify the river heath –Core Issues and concerns • Planning different phases for treatment (First Phase, Second……) • Focus on Ridge to Valley approach (Micro Structures importance) • Treatment from upper ridge to lower valley • Promote measures for ground water recharge • River Bank plantation (line/ block plantations) • Addressing the drivers ( Excessive Ground water recharge, Illegal

Logging in forest area, Brick Kilns, etc ) • Community Mobilization and stakeholder consultations –

Continuous basis • Convergence of human and financial resources for implementation • Formation of core team and technical team with clear

responsibilities • Placing the monitoring systems –Quality Assurance and Feedback

systems • Documentation of the processes

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Thank you

In rivers, the water that you touch is the last of what has passed and the first of that which comes; so pleasant with time.

Leonardo da Vinci


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