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REVIEW QUESTIONS IN CRIMINALISTICS

INSTRUCTION: Select the correct answer for each of the following questions. Mark only one answer for each item by marking the box corresponding to the letter of your choice on the answer sheet provided. STRICTLY NO ERASURES ALLOWED. Use pencil no. 1 only.

MULTIPLE CHOICES:

1. The configuration and details of individual ridges remains the same and unchanging till after the final decomposition of the body. This principle in fingerprint identification is refereed to as -

A. Constancy B. IndividualityC. PermanencyD. Infallibility E. A and C

2. What is the identification of persons through examination and comparison of fingerprint?

A. DactylographyB. Dactyloscopy C. Fingerprint IdentificationD. Personal identificationE. All of these

3. It is a ridge that curves back in the direction in which it started.

A. Looping Ridge B. Returning RidgeC. Recurving Ridge D. Converging RidgeE. Rotating Ridge

4. It refers to the two or more lines forming an angle or a ridge whose closed end is angular and serves as a point of meeting.

A. BifurcationB. Converging ridgesC. Diverging ridgesD. Point of divergence E. Fork

5. On a fingerprint card, it causes the black or darkened line furrows resembling the formation of the ridges.

A. Furrows B. CreasesC. None of these D. Fingerprint E. Friction Ridges

1 ACC Criminology Reviewer

6. These are little pockets underneath the skin where oils or sweats are carried by small holes to the surface of the skin.

A. PoresB. Holes C. DuctsD. Dermis E. Epidermis

7. The space between shoulder of a loop, free of any appendage, and butting at right angle is called -

A. Sufficient recurveB. Appendage C. DeltaD. Tri-radial Point E. Envelope

8. A short ridge at the top or summit of recurve usually at right angle is referred to as -

A. Staple B. Appendage C. EnvelopeD. SpikeE. Short ridge

9. It means designating by symbol the type of patterns which each finger and thumb bears and recording for each respective finger and thumb.

A. RecordingB. Interpretation C. Blocking D. ClassificationE. Marking

10. What is the single recurving ridge enclosing one or more rods or bars?

A. StapleB. Recurving ridge C. EnvelopeD. StapleE. Spike

11. Which of these refers to that point at which the recurving ridge definitely turns or curves?

A. Sufficient recurveB. ShoulderC. CreasesD. UpthrustE. Furrows

12. Which of these statements is incorrect regarding the location of the core?


A. None of theseB. It is placed upon or within the innermost sufficient

recurve.C. When the innermost sufficient recurve contains ending ridge

or rod rising as high as the shoulder of the loop further from the delta, the core will be the tip of the ending ridges nearer to the delta.

D. When t6he innermost sufficient recurve contains an uneven number of rods rising as high as the shoulders, the core is placed upon the end of the center rod whether it touches the looping ridge or not.

E. When the innermost sufficient recurve contains an even of rods rising as high as the shoulders, the core is placed upon the end of the further one of the two center rods, the two rods being treated as though they were connected by a recurving ridge.

13. The following are true concerning the location of delta, except - A. The delta may be located at a bifurcation which does open

towards the core. B. When there is a choice between a bifurcation and another

type of delta, equally close to the point of divergence, the bifurcation is selected.

C. When there is s series of bifurcation opening towards the core at the point of divergence of two type lines, the bifurcation nearest to the core is chosen as the delta.

D. The delta may not be located in the middle of the ridge running between the type line toward the cores but at the nearer end only. The location of the delta depends entirely upon the point of origin of the ridge between the type lines towards the core.

E. If the ridge enters the patterns area from the point below the divergent type lines. The delta must be loated at the end farther to the core.

14. It is one type of fingerprint patterns in which the ridges run its direction of the thumb.

A. LoopB. Radial loopC. Ulnar loopD. Plain loopE. All of these

15. The following are the requirements of a pattern before it can be considered as a loop, except -

A. None of these B. It must have a coreC. It must have a deltaD. It must have a recurving ridge that passes between the core

and the delta. E. It must have a ridge count of a minimum of at least one (1)


16. It is a finger pattern which for the most part of a loop, but which has a small circuiting ridge formation inside the loop ridges.

A. None of theseB. Double loop whorlC. Lateral Pocket loop whorlD. Accidental whorl E. Central Pocket loop whorl

17. It is a pattern which is a combination of two or more different types of pattern except in the plain arch. It can be a combination of a loop and a whorl, loop and a central pocket whorl, or any combination of two or more different loops and whorl type patterns.

A. Double LoopB. Central Pocket LoopC. Accidental LoopD. Composite PatternE. Complex Pattern

18. Which is not a plain arch - A. None of these B. One or several ridges in the center of the form an up thrustC. The ridge or ridges in the center formed a well defined

angle D. The pattern may have two or three or four essential

requisites of a loop pattern E. It forms a loop pattern but has no ridge count

19. Which of the following is not a whorl pattern?A. Double LoopB. AccidentalC. Central PocketD. Plain Whorl E. None of these

20. What is the type of impression used to confirm interpretation of the fingerprint patterns?

A. Plain ImpressionsB. Rolled ImpressionsC. A and BD. Real ImpressionsE. Chances Impressions

21. These are fingerprints which are imprinted without any intention to produce the print.

A. Chance impressions B. Latent print C. Evidence print D. Latent impressions E. A and B


22. These are impressions which are visible grossly but made visible by the addition of some substances.

A. visible printsB. plastic impressions C. Latent prints D. Plastic prints E. None of these

23. It is the identifying and distinguishing of fingerprint pattern according to their design and formation.

A. Fingerprint analysisB. DactylographyC. Dactyloscopy D. Personal Identification

24. It means the fingerprint cards are grouped according to the classification formula and the classification of the extension used in the bureau.

A. Filing B. PocketsC. Classification formula D. None of these E. Reference line

25. It indicated the type of patterns appearing on the index fingers of the right and left hand.

A. Sub-secondary B. Secondary C. Second sub-secondary D. Key E. Major

26. It is the ridge count on the loop appearing in the little finger.A. Final B. Key C. Major D. Primary E. Ridge counting

27. Which of these represents the ridge count of the right first loop appearing in a set of prints, beginning with the thumb of the right hand but excluding the little finger?

A. Primary B. Final C. Major D. Key E. Numeral

28. It refers to the operation of having successfully made identification by finding a duplicate record on file -


A. Catch B. Ident C. Hit D. All of these E. A and/or B

29. It is used to develop latent prints which may be in blood. A. Tetramethyl benzidine B. Ninhydrin C. Cyanoa D. Iodine fumecrylate E. Silver nitrate

30. Which of the following discharges pistol cartridge? A. Revolver B. Sub-machine guns C. Assault rifles D. Repeating arms E. None of these

31. What part of the firearm causes impressed marks on the base of the cartridges case due to recoil?

A. Bolt B. Firing pinC. Breechface D. Striker E. All of these

32. What would be the best firearm to be used to subdue a felon with murderous frenzy?

A. Cal. 45 pistol B. M1 Cal. 30 Garand C. M16 Rifle D. Magnum .357 Revolver E. All of these

33. Which of the following is the main purpose of having metallic jacket bullets?

A. To prevent bullet damage while inside the weapon B. To control expansion once the bullet hits the target C. To keep the bullet intact when it hits the targetD. All of these apply E. To prevent adherence of lead on the barrel’s rifling

34. What is the common core of bullets?A. AlloyB. Steel C. Lead D. Tin E. All of these


35. When a shot is fired on an automatic pistol by a criminal, the fired shell -

A. Remains within the chamberB. In most cases will be found at the scene of firingC. Is rarely found at the crime scene D. Is usually disposed by the perpetrator E. All of these applies

36. What makes firearms identification possible?A. The comprehensive technical, scientific and legal training

of the ballistician B. The transfer of individual characteristic form a firearm to

the ammunition components passing through it C. The availability of state of the art forensic ballistics

equipment and examination devices D. The collection of firearms related evidences such as fire

bullets, fired cartridges cases, wadding of shotguns and testimony of witnesses

E. All of these

37. During firing, what is struck by the firing pin after pressing the trigger?

A. HammerB. PrimerC. Base of shellD. Striker E. Trigger

38. Pistol is significantly distinguished from revolver by its - A. Barrel B. HammerC. Frame D. Rotating cylinder E. Slide assembly

39. A conventional firearm is simply a mechanical device. What operating mechanism of the gun loads, fires and ejects a cartridge?

A. ActionB. Breech C. Extractor and ejector D. Trigger mechanism E. None of these

40. Regarding the parts of small arms’ cartridges, which among these is also called percussion?

A. Crimp B. Primer C. Rim D. ShellE. Striker


41. The term ammunition evolved from the Latin word “munire” which means to -

A. Load B. Fire C. RollD. None o0f these E. Provide

42. What firearm characteristics are determinable only after a gun is finally manufactured?

A. Caliber B. Class characteristic C. Individual characteristic D. Gun barrel characteristic E. C and D

43. What is the usual form of the mechanical fingerprints appearing at the bottom surface of fired shells?

A. Impressed marks B. Accidental marks C. Striation marks D. Wear and tear marks E. Intentional marks

44. Pistol cartridge is significantly distinguished from revolver cartridge because of the latter’s -

A. Barrel B. Extracting groove C. Frame D. Rim E. Slide assembly

45. For most repeating and semi-automatic firearms, what specific part is used to feed cartridges into the chamber and close the rear of the barrel during the actual firing of the cartridge?

A. ButtB. Bolt C. Breech D. Magazine E. None of these

46. What firearm is loaded by manual manipulation of the breechblock is usually capable of single-shot firing?

A. Bolt-action B. Lever-actionC. Repeating firearms D. Slide action type E. None of these

47. What prevents the pellets fired shotguns to immediately separate upon leaving the barrel?


A. ChokeB. Muzzle C. Rifling D. Yoke E. None of these

48. In term of English caliber system, what is the bore diameter of the popular m16 a2 assault rifle?

A. B5.56 mmB. 7.62 mmC. Cal .22 D. Cal .25 E. Cal .30

49. Talking about ammunition, which of these refers to the initiator of the combustion of propellant?

A. Crimp B. Rim C. PercussionD. ShellE. Firing pin

50. If you recovered a straight-rimless case at the crime scene, the first that comes to mind is that the shell was fired from -

A. An assault rifle B. Double action revolver C. Pistol D. Sub-machine gun E. Any of these

51. What should be the classification of a shell when the diameter of the rim is larger than the diameter of the shell’s body?

A. Bottleneck typeB. Rebated type C. Rimless type D. Rimmed typeE. Semi-rimmed

52. What specific part of the shell of revolver cartridge limits the travel of the cartridge through the chamber?

A. Cannelure B. PrimerC. RimD. Extracting groove E. None of these

53. What is the principal ingredient of single-based propellants for modern small arms?

A. Centrallite B. NitrocelluloseC. Nitroglycerine


D. Nitro-guanidine E. None of these

54. At the crime scene, you recovered a rim-fire cartridge case with a straight body, as a smart detective you are certain that it was ejected from -

A. Pistol B. RevolverC. Rifle D. Submachine gun E. Any of these

55. The term rifling can be understood as - A. One stage of gun barrel making processB. Land and grooves spiraling along the bore surface C. Part of firearm which imparts gyroscopic action to the

bulletD. The spiraling helical lands and grooves inside the barrelE. All of these

56. According to the shape of the body cartridge cases which one does not discharge the straight cases?

A. Assault rifle B. Submachine gunC. Revolver D. Pistol E. And B

57. According to the diameter of the base or rim of the cartridge case, which is common to revolver and shot gun cartridge?

A. Diameter is greater than the body B. Diameter of rim is equal to the bodyC. Made of brass caseD. Presence extracting groovesE. Al of these

58. When the diameter of the rim is equal to the cartridge is classified as what?

A. Rimmed cartridge B. Rebated cartridge C. Belted cartridge D. Semi0rimmed cartridge E. Rimless cartridge

59. The front side of the bolt is called - A. Breech end B. strikerC. breech faceD. A and CE. None of these


60. In ballistics, what is the main purpose of rifling, particularly when firing bullets?

A. Initiate the direction of the bulletsB. Cause an energyC. Impart gyroscopic action to the bullet in its flight toward

the targetD. Provide sufficient velocity to bullets so they can reach

their targetE. all of these

61. This is a new group of weapons for hunting big game and long range target competition. Firearms of this kind are actually single shots with shortened barrels and no stock.

A. Sawed-offB. Shortened arms C. Short-barreled D. Small arms E. Carbine

62. The device for shorting cartridges in repeating and auto-loading firearms for easy feeding of the chamber is called -

A. ChamberB. MagazinesC. Forearm in case of shotgunsD. All of theseE. Box type

63. Which of the following refers to the accumulation of gunpowder residue or dirt in the interior surface of gun barrel caused by solid by products when a cartridge if fired?

A. CorrosionB. Erosion C. Fouling D. Striking E. All of these

64. What prevents the escape of gases towards the rear of the chamber?

A. ShellB. Cartridge C. Cylinder D. Breechblock E. None of these

65. Which is automatically ejected from auto-loading firearms during the firing process?

A. ShellB. Cartridge caseC. Cartridge D. A and BE. All of these


66. The part of the bullet which requires to the radius of curve between the bearing surface and the point usually stated with respect to the caliber.

A. Ogive B. Nose or tipC. Bearing surfaceD. MeplatE. Cone

67. Which of these is fired only from revolvers or single shot guns?A. Full wadcuttersB. Slugs C. Semi-wadcutters D. Round nose E. All of these

68. Generally, subsonic bullets have -A. Rounded fronts or nose B. Flat nose C. Pointed nose D. Conical nose E. Spitzer tip

69. These are often used by quick draw shooters for their own safety.A. Rubber bullets B. Lead bullets C. Wax bullets D. None of these E. Drill ammo

70. The latin word which literally means paper is - A. Cartouche B. Charta C. PapyriD. CartaE. All of these

71. All but one, are true about individual characteristic in firearms.

A. Marks produce by the random imperfections or irregularities of tool surfaces

B. Determinable even sooner than a firearm is manufactured C. None of theseD. Transferable from a firearm the ammunition components

passing through the formerE. The random imperfections on the firearm surfaces are unique

72. There are four process involved in gun manufacturing: 1 – drilling; 2 - lapping; 3 - rifling; and 4 – reaming. How do you enumerate them in reverse chronology?


A. 1, 3, 4, 2B. 4, 3, 2, 1 C. 3, 4, 1, 2D. 1, 2, 3, 4E. 2, 3, 4, 1

73. Before test firing, the ballistician usually marks first the cartridges for test firing. In marking such cartridges, the following but one, are the ideal parts of the cartridges to be marked:

A. Base of the bulletB. Body of the shellsC. Ogive of the bulletD. Nose or tip of the bulletsE. None of these

74. A ballistician, after comparing the evidence and standard bullets, he was only able to clearly establish that evidence bullets were fired from the same type and make of firearms from the standard bullets were fired. His conclusion is called -

A. IdentificationB. ExclusionC. No conclusionD. Negative identificationE. None of these

75. Photography is the production of visible images by using the action of light on a sensitized material. Literally, photography means -

A. To draw with light B. To record with lightC. To record with a boxD. Art of recordingE. All of these

76. A man whose name is most associated with first successful photographs as a Frenchman was -

A. John W, Herchel B. William Henry TalbotC. Joseph Nicephore Niece D. Louis Jacques Mandle DaguerreE. William Abney

77. Which of these records light?A. CameraB. Photographic paperC. SLRD. Silver halideE. Film


78. It is the art of photographing minute objects when magnified by means of the microscope and enlarge form 10x up.

A. PhotomacrogaphyB. MicrophotographyC. MacrophotographyD. PhotomacrrographyE. C and/or D

79. Which of following can photograph or record unseen objects?A. X-ray photographyB. Infared photographyC. Ultra-violet PhotographyD. Night time photographyE. Flash Photography

80. The four major factors involved in photography are the following, except -

A. LightB. CameraC. Chemicals D. FilmE. Processing

81. Photography is a study concerning the production of permanent records of images by the combined action of light on sensitive surfaces a mechanical device and -

A. Chemical processingB. Printing C. Photographic sheetD. Developing chemicalsE. All of these

82. What is the mechanical and chemical result of photography?A. pictureB. photo galleryC. photographD. picture and photographyE. all of these

83. The visual effect of light on the film after development varies with the quantity or quality of light that reached the emulsion of the film. Too great amount of light will produce -

A. a transparent or white shade after the development B. an opaque or black shade after development C. good quality or recorded imagesD. inferior quality of recorded imagesE. shallow images

84. The amount of light reaching the film is dependent upon several factors like, except -

A. None of these


B. Lens opening used C. Shutter speed usedD. Lighting conditionE. Filter used

85. The energy wave produced by the oscillation or acceleration of an electric charge is called -

A. Wavelength B. Electro-magnetic spectrumC. FrequencyD. Visible spectrumE. Photon-electromagnetic radiation

86. When the two crest meets, the rest of two waves have combined to form a high crest, the phenomenon is called -

A. Reinforcement B. FortifyC. Integration D. Annulment of wavesE. None of these

87. The bending of light around an object gives rise to the phenomenon called -

A. DiffractionB. Refraction C. Wavelength D. Reflection E. Absorption

88. What is the condition that occurs whenever an object changes the direction of a light wave byte does not allow the wave to pass through it?

A. RefractionB. Diffraction C. ReflectionD. TransmissionE. Absorption

89. What is not true about refraction?A. It is the bending of light rays when passing obliquely from

one medium to another such as air through substance of different density is retracted or bent

B. It is a phenomenon occurring when waves of light diverge/separate as they pass the edge of opaque materials or through a small hole

C. With greater density of medium, refraction is towards the normal

D. With lesser density of medium at an oblique angle, refraction is away from the normal

E. When light hits a transparent medium at a perpendicular angle, there is no refraction


90. How many percent of light passes through transparent objects?A. 100%B. 95%C. 90%D. 85%E. 80%

91. When direct sunlight is obscured by the clouds, the classification of light according to density is called -

A. Bright sunlightB. Hazy sunlightC. Cloudy sunlight D. Dull sunlight E. Medium sunlight

92. What is the type of chemical flash lamp can be used by all shutter speed provided the synchronizer level is on?

A. F-lampB. S-lampC. M-lampD. FP-lampE. N-lamp

93. It can be in photographing questioned documents suspected of being falsified or forged and can be used to detect overwritten, erased, or hidden writings in a document.

A. Ultraviolet raysB. Infrared raysC. X-raysD. Gamma raysE. Spectral rays

94. In a camera, which one controls the amount of light that reaches the film

A. ShutterB. PhotographerC. ApertureD. A and/or C only E. All of these

95. Pinhole camera is a camera of simple design and construction usually home-made consisting of a box having small aperture. The small aperture end functions as -

A. a lensB. and opening C. a viewfinderD. an eyepiece E. a shutter

96. To enable the photographer gather light to be recorded, in box camera, the pinhole is replaced by a -


A. ShutterB. Film holderC. LensD. ViewfinderE. Aperture

97. Which of the following types of camera is the cheapest and simplest to use?

A. Press cameraB. Studio cameraC. View cameraD. Graphic cameraE. Roll film camera

98. What are the usual shutters for Single Reflex Camera?A. Focal Plane ShuttersB. Leaf ShuttersC. Leather shuttersD. A and BE. Window Shutters

99. Construction of these cameras is similar to the view camera but used primarily for portraiture, copy work, small photography, and the indoor photography.

A. View CameraB. Press CameraC. Graphic CameraD. Studio CameraE. Polaroid Camera

100.In modern cameras, which of the following focuses rays of light that is reflected by or diverging from the subject unto film?

A. ApertureB. ShutterC. LensD. Focusing RingE. Film

- End of Set One -


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