geas ece board exam reviewer module 06
DESCRIPTION
GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06From Excel Review CenterTRANSCRIPT
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MODULE 6
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QUESTION
Sound to electrical.
Mircophone
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QUESTION
Infrasonic.
Less than 20Hz
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QUESTION
Ultrasonic.
Greater than 20000Hz
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QUESTION
Min. deviation, longest wavelength.
red
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QUESTION
Why the sky is blue.
Scattering
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QUESTION
Why tip of needle is blurred when viewed from screen.
Diffusion of light
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QUESTION
Min. distance to see an object.
25cm
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QUESTION
Wavelength sensitive to eyes.
555nm
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QUESTION
Blackbody emits ___.
No radiation
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QUESTION
Black body.
Absorb emit
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QUESTION
Tuning fork placed on a table top.
Loudness inc.
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QUESTION
Gay Lussac.
Constant volume
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QUESTION
Axis of ___.
Radius of gyration
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QUESTION
3rd most conductive.
Yold
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QUESTION
Diopter.
4th power
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QUESTION
Linear momentum is doubled.
4 times KE
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QUESTION
Reflection of sound.
Echo
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QUESTION
Classification of compound.
Acid and base
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QUESTION
Atomic number of Boron.
5
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QUESTION
Normal body temperature of human.
37ᵒ
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QUESTION
Proposed that protons and neutrons are concentrated in a nucleus.
Ernest Rutherford
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QUESTION
Liquid non-metal at normal temperature.
Bromine
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QUESTION
The branch of optical technology concerned with the transmission of radiant power (light energy) through fibers.
Fiber optics
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QUESTION
The basic functions of a fiber optic data link.
Convert an electrical input signal to an optical signal, send the optical signal over an optical fiber, and convert the optical signal back to an
electric signal.
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QUESTION
The three parts of a fiber optic data link.
Transmitter, optical fiber, and receiver
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QUESTION
The decrease in the amount of light reaching the end of the fiber.
Loss
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QUESTION
In fiber optic systems, designers consider what trade-offs?
Trade-offs in fiber properties, types of connections, optical sources, and detector types in military and subscriber-loop applications.
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QUESTION
Seven advantages of fiber optics over electrical systems.
Improved system performance, immunity to electrical noise, signal security, electrical isolation, reduced size and weight, environmental
protection, and overall system economy
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QUESTION
The advent of quantum physics successfully explained the photoelectric effect in terms of fundamental particles of energy called.
Quanta
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QUESTION
What are the fundamental particles of energy (quanta) known as when referring to light energy?
Photons
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QUESTION
What type of wave motion is represented by the motion of water?
Transverse-wave motion
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QUESTION
Illustrated as straight lines, showing the direction in which light is travelling at any point.
Light rays
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QUESTION
Those substances that transmit almost all the light waves falling upon them are said to be.
Transparent
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QUESTION
Substances through which some light rays can pass, but through which objects cannot be seen clearly because the rays are diffused, are called.
Translucent
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QUESTION
Those substances that are unable to transmit any light rays are called.
Opaque
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QUESTION
Typical optical detector materials used for receiver operation in the 850-nm wavelength region.
Silicon(Si), gallium arsenide(GaAs), and gallium aluminum arsenide(GaAlAs)
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QUESTION
Examples of optical detector materials used for receiver operation in the 1300-nm and 1550-nm wavelength regions.
Germanium(Ge), indium phosphide(InP), and indium gallium arsenide(InGaAs)
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QUESTION
Output saturation, occurs at input optical power levels typically.
Greater than 1 milliwatt(mW)
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QUESTION
Typical reverse-bias voltage applied across the active region of an avalanche photodiode(APD).
Over 100 volts
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QUESTION
Typical semiconductor materials used in the construction of low-noise APDs include.
Silicon(Si), indium gallium arsenide(InGaAs), and germanium(Ge)
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QUESTION
Typically, semiconductor lasers emit light spread out over an angle of.
10 to 15 degrees
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QUESTION
The two most common semiconductor materials used in electronic and electro-optic devices.
Silicon(Si) and gallium arsenide(GaAs)
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QUESTION
Typically LEDs for the 850-nm region are fabricated using.
GaAs and AlGaAs
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QUESTION
LEDs for the 1300-nm and 1550-nm regions are fabricated using.
InGaAsP and InP
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QUESTION
Basic LED types used for fiber optic communication systems.
Surface-emitting LED(SLED), edge-emitting LED(ELED), and super luminescent diode(SLD)
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QUESTION
Preferred optical source for short-distance(0 to 3km), low data-rate fiber optic systems.
SLEDs, and ELEDs
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QUESTION
Typically, SLEDs operate efficiently for bit rates.
Up to 250 megabits per second(Mb/s)
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QUESTION
ELEDs may be modulated at rates.
Up to 400 Mb/s
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QUESTION
SLDs may be modulated at bit rates of.
Over 400 Mb/s
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QUESTION
In SLEDs, the size of the primary active region is limited to a small circular area of.
20µm to 50µm in diameter.
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QUESTION
LDs typically can be modulated at frequencies up to.
Over 2 gigahertz(GHz)
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QUESTION
Electronic coolers used to cool LDs in system applications.
Thermo-electric(TE) coolers
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QUESTION
For the lowest data rates (0 to 20 megabits per second), sources tend to operate in the.
850-nm window
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QUESTION
For moderate data rates (50 to 200Mbps), sources tend to operate in the.
1300-nm window
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QUESTION
Are usually only used in the extremely long distance high-data-rate applications(undersea links, etc).
1550-nm transmitters
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QUESTION
Typical low-frequency applications are.
Analog audio and single channel video systems
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QUESTION
Types of systems for moderate frequency applications.
Multi-channel analog audio and video systems as well as frequency modulated(FM) systems
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QUESTION
Typical high frequency applications are.
Cable television trunk line and raw radar remoting applications
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QUESTION
Are typically used in cable television trunk line applications.
1550-nm transmitters
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QUESTION
Electronics industries association / telecommunications industries association.
EIA / TIA
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QUESTION
For most fiber optic measurements, these standard procedures are documented by the.
EIA / TIA
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QUESTION
Each component measurement procedure is assigned a unique number given by.
EIA / TIA-526-X
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QUESTION
The cutback method for measuring multimode fiber attenuation is.
EIA / TIA-455-46
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QUESTION
The cutback method for measuring single mode fiber attenuation is.
EIA / TIA-455-78
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QUESTION
Describes how to properly prepare fiber ends for measurement purposes.
EIA / TIA-455-57
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QUESTION
A 20-mm diameter mandrel is typically used for.
62.5µm fiber
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QUESTION
Another common mode filter for single mode fibers is.
30-mm diameter circular free-form loop
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QUESTION
Additional information on multimode and single mode filters(and launch conditions) is available in.
EIA / TIA-455-50 and EIA / TIA-455-57, respectively
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QUESTION
The test method for uncabled single mode fiber cutoff wavelength is.
EIA / TIA-455-80
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QUESTION
The test method for cabled single mode fiber cutoff wavelength is.
EIA / TIA-455-170
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QUESTION
The test method for measuring the bandwidth of multimode fibers in the frequency domain is.
EIA / TIA-455-30
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QUESTION
Chromatic dispersion is measured in the frequency domain using.
EIA / TIA-455-169 and EIA / TIA-455-175
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QUESTION
The procedure for measuring multimode and single mode fiber geometry is detailed in.
EIA / TIA-455-176
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QUESTION
The fiber-geometrical parameters measured include.
Cladding diameter, cladding noncircularity, core-cladding concentricity error, and core noncircularity
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QUESTION
Core diameter is measured using.
EIA / TIA-455-58
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QUESTION
Describes the procedure for measuring the near-field power distribution of optical waveguides.
EIA / TIA-455-43
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QUESTION
Output near-field radiation pattern can be obtained by using.
EIA / TIA-455-43
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QUESTION
The numerical aperture(NA) of a multimode fiber having a near-parabolic refractive index profile is measured using.
EIA / TIA-455-177
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QUESTION
Describes various procedures, or methods, for measuring the far-field power distribution of optical waveguides.
EIA / TIA-455-47
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QUESTION
The mode field diameter of a single mode fiber can be measured using.
EIA / TIA-455-167
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QUESTION
Provides information on the mathematics behind the transformation procedure between the far-field and near-field.
EIA / TIA-455-167
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QUESTION
Insertion loss of both multimode and single mode interconnection devices is measured using.
EIA / TIA-455-34
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QUESTION
The mandrel wrap method of measuring the insertion loss of an interconnecting device is included in.
EIA / TIA-455-34
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QUESTION
Return loss and reflectance are measured using.
EIA / TIA-455-107
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QUESTION
The fiber optic test method for measuring the attenuation of an installed optical fiber using an optical time-domain reflectometer(OTDR).
EIA / TIA-455-61
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QUESTION
The group index(N) is provided by fiber manufacturers or is found using.
EIA / TIA-455-60
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QUESTION
Point defects are located and measured using.
EIA / TIA-455-59
![Page 89: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
QUESTION
The transmission loss of fiber optic cable plants is measured using.
EIA / TIA-526-14 method B (multimode fiber) or EIA / TIA-526-7 (single mode fiber)
![Page 90: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
QUESTION
Fiber inspection is done visually by the use of a standard microscope at.
200 to 400 times magnification
![Page 91: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
QUESTION
Ferrule-type ST® connectors are becoming the commercial connector of choice for local area network(LAN) and data transfer links and are the standard connector for navy light duty applications. This connector is described in specification sheets 16,17, and 18 of.
MIL-C-83522
![Page 92: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
QUESTION
One type of heavy-duty connector designed for use in harsh navy environments is described by the military specification.
MIL-C-28876
![Page 93: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
QUESTION
Standard core sizes for multimode step-index fibers are.
50µm and 100µm
![Page 94: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
QUESTION
Standard core sizes for multimode graded-index fibers are.
50µm, 62.5µm, 85µm, and 100µm
![Page 95: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
QUESTION
Standard core sizes for single mode fibers are.
Between 8µm, and 10µm
![Page 96: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
QUESTION
Standard multimode graded-index fiber core and cladding sizes are.
50/125µm, 62.5/125µm, 85/125µm, and 100/140µm
![Page 97: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
QUESTION
Typical values of relative refractive index difference(Δ) are around.
0.01 to 0.02
![Page 98: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
QUESTION
An OFCC cable consists of individual single fiber cables, called.
Optical fiber cable components(OFCC)
![Page 99: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
QUESTION
The OFCC outer diameter is typically.
2millimeters(mm)
![Page 100: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
QUESTION
The fiber is typically buffered with a polyester elastomer to a total diameter of.
900µm
![Page 101: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
QUESTION
An OFCC cable of 0.5inch cable outer diameter can accommodate about.
12 fibers
![Page 102: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
QUESTION
OFCC type cable is also being evaluated for use in navy applications with fiber counts up to.
36 fibers(OFCC)
![Page 103: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
QUESTION
Involves calculating the rise times of the link transmitter and the optical fiber.
Risetime budget
![Page 104: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
QUESTION
The composite optical transmitter/fiber risetime is referred to as the.
Fiber exit risetime
![Page 105: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
QUESTION
Consists of all the fiber optic cables and the fiber optic interconnection equipment within the shop, including connectors, splices, and interconnection boxes.
Fiber optic cable plant
![Page 106: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
QUESTION
Optical fibers or cables should never be bent at a radius of curvature less than a certain value, called the.
Minimum bend radius
![Page 107: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
QUESTION
A hybrid device that converts electrical signals into optical signals and launches the optical signals into an optical fiber.
Fiber optic transmitter
![Page 108: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
QUESTION
Two basic types of amplifiers used in fiber optic receivers.
High-impedance amplifiers and transimpedance amplifier
![Page 109: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
QUESTION
Fiber optic receivers can be classified into two categories.
Digital and analog
![Page 110: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
QUESTION
Consists of an optical transmitter, optical fiber, and an optical receiver.
Point to point fiber optic data link
![Page 111: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
QUESTION
A common fiber optic application is the.
Full duplex link
![Page 112: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
QUESTION
Consists of a single transmission line that is shared by a number of equipments.
Linear bus topology
![Page 113: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
QUESTION
Consists of equipments attached to one another in a closed loop or ring.
Ring topology
![Page 114: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
QUESTION
Configuration wherein each equipment is connected a common center hub.
Star topology
![Page 115: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
QUESTION
Consists of a transmission line that branches, or splits.
Tree topology
![Page 116: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
QUESTION
The process of varying one or more characteristics of an optical signal to encode and convey information.
modulation
![Page 117: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
QUESTION
A discontinuous signal that changes from one state to another in discrete steps.
Digital signal
![Page 118: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
QUESTION
A popular form of digital modulation.
Binary modulation
![Page 119: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
QUESTION
The process of arranging symbols that represent binary data in a particular pattern for transmission.
Line coding
![Page 120: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
QUESTION
A continuous signal whose amplitude, phase, or some other property varies in a direct proportion to the instantaneous value of a physical variable.
Analog signal
![Page 121: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
QUESTION
Modulation wherein the intensity of a optical source’s output signal is directly modulated by the incoming electrical analog base band signal.
Intensity modulation
![Page 122: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
QUESTION
A signal that is in its original form and has not been changed by a modulation technique.
Base band signal
![Page 123: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
QUESTION
Involves identifying all of the sources of loss in the fiber optic link.
Power budget
![Page 124: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
QUESTION
The difference between the transmitter output power and the receiver sensitivity is referred to as the.
Available power
![Page 125: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
QUESTION
The ratio of the optical detector’s output photocurrent in amperes to the incident optical power in watts
responsivity
![Page 126: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
QUESTION
A semiconductor positive-negative(p-n) structure with an intrinsic region sandwiched between the other two regions.
PIN photodiode
![Page 127: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
QUESTION
When no light is incident on the photodiode, a current is still produced called.
Dark current
![Page 128: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
QUESTION
The detector thickness is related to the amount of time required for the electrons generated to flow out of the detector active area. This time is referred to as the electron.
Transmit time
![Page 129: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/129.jpg)
QUESTION
It is given by tRC=RC
RC time constant
![Page 130: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
QUESTION
Means that the output electrical current(photocurrent) of the photodiode is linearly proportional to the input optical power.
Detector linearity
![Page 131: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
QUESTION
A photodiode that internally amplifies the photocurrent by an avalanche process.
Avalanche photodiode(APD)
![Page 132: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
QUESTION
Occurs when accelerated electrons collide with other electrons in the semiconductor material, causing a fraction of them to become part of the photocurrent.
Avalanche multiplication
![Page 133: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
QUESTION
Defined as the first stage of amplification following the optical detector.
Pre amplifier
![Page 134: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
QUESTION
Defined as the remaining stages of amplification required to raise the detector’s electrical signal to a level suitable for further signal processing.
Post amplifier
![Page 135: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
QUESTION
It includes thermal noise, dark noise, and quantum noise.
Receiver noise
![Page 136: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
QUESTION
The noise resulting from the random motion of electrons in a conducting medium.
Thermal noise
![Page 137: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
QUESTION
Noise caused by current fluctuations because of the discrete nature of charge carriers.
Shot noise
![Page 138: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/138.jpg)
QUESTION
Results from dark current that continues to flow in the photodiode when there is no incident light.
Dark current noise
![Page 139: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/139.jpg)
QUESTION
Results from the random generation of electrons by the incident optical radiation.
Quantum noise
![Page 140: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/140.jpg)
QUESTION
Involves wrapping the test fiber around a mandrel.
Mandrel wrap mode filter
![Page 141: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/141.jpg)
QUESTION
The wavelength of a single mode fiber above which the fiber propagates only the fundamental mode.
Cut off wavelength
![Page 142: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/142.jpg)
QUESTION
A technique of measuring the cutoff wavelength wherein the same fiber with small bends is used as the reference fiber.
Bend-reference technique
![Page 143: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/143.jpg)
QUESTION
A technique of measuring the cut-off wavelength wherein a piece of the multimode fiber is used as the reference fiber.
Multimode-reference technique
![Page 144: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/144.jpg)
QUESTION
Causes the spreading of the light pulse as it travels along the fiber.
Dispersion
![Page 145: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/145.jpg)
QUESTION
Defined as the average diameter of the cladding.
Cladding diameter
![Page 146: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/146.jpg)
QUESTION
Defined as the average diameter of the core.
Core diameter
![Page 147: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/147.jpg)
QUESTION
The difference between the smallest radius of the fiber (Rmin) and the largest radius (Rmax) divided by the average cladding radius(R).
Cladding noncircularity, or ellipticity
![Page 148: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/148.jpg)
QUESTION
For multimode fibers, it is the distance between, the core and cladding centers divided by the core diameter.
Core-cladding concentricity error
![Page 149: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/149.jpg)
QUESTION
The difference between the smallest core radius(Rmin) and the largest core radius(Rmax) divided by the core radius(Rc).
Core noncircularity
![Page 150: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/150.jpg)
QUESTION
An electro-optic device that accepts optical signals from an optical fiber and converts them into electrical signals.
Fiber optic receiver
![Page 151: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/151.jpg)
QUESTION
The minimum amount of optical power required to achieve a specific receiver performance.
Receiver sensitivity
![Page 152: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/152.jpg)
QUESTION
Refers to the range of optical power levels over which the receiver operates within the specified values.
Dynamic range
![Page 153: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/153.jpg)
QUESTION
A device that converts input energy of one form into output energy of another.
transducer
![Page 154: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/154.jpg)
QUESTION
A transducer that converts an optical signal into an electrical signal.
Optical detector
![Page 155: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/155.jpg)
QUESTION
Semiconductor detectors are designed so that optical energy(photons) incident on the detector active area produces a current called.
photocurrent
![Page 156: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/156.jpg)
QUESTION
A passive device that distributes optical power from more than two input parts among several output parts.
Star coupler
![Page 157: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/157.jpg)
QUESTION
A passive device that splits the optical power from one input fiber to more than two output fibers.
Tree coupler
![Page 158: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/158.jpg)
QUESTION
Fiber optic couplers that prevent the transfer of power between input fibers.
Directional couplers
![Page 159: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/159.jpg)
QUESTION
Transmits the same amount of power through the coupler when the input and output fibers are reversed.
Symmetrical coupler
![Page 160: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/160.jpg)
QUESTION
The loss of optical power as light travels along the fiber.
attenuation
![Page 161: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/161.jpg)
QUESTION
Measured by End users at the operating wavelength(λ) of a fiber.
Total attenuation(A)
![Page 162: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/162.jpg)
QUESTION
Also known as attenuation rate.
Attenuation coefficient(α)
![Page 163: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/163.jpg)
QUESTION
The area of the fiber face illuminated by the light beam from the optical source.
Launch spot size
![Page 164: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/164.jpg)
QUESTION
The angular extent of the light beam from the optical source incident on the fiber end face.
Angular distribution
![Page 165: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/165.jpg)
QUESTION
Results when the launch spot size and angular distribution are smaller than that of the fiber core.
Underfilled launch
![Page 166: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/166.jpg)
QUESTION
Occurs when the launch spot size and angular distribution are larger than that of the fiber core.
Overfilled launch condition
![Page 167: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/167.jpg)
QUESTION
A device that removes any cladding mode power from the fiber.
Cladding-mode stripper
![Page 168: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/168.jpg)
QUESTION
A device that attenuates specific modes propagating in the core of an optical fiber.
Mode filter
![Page 169: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/169.jpg)
QUESTION
One of the most popular splicing techniques in commercial applications.
Electric arc fusion(arc fusion)
![Page 170: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/170.jpg)
QUESTION
A short discharge of electric current that prepares the fiber ends for fusion.
prefusion
![Page 171: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/171.jpg)
QUESTION
Two basic types of fiber optic connectors.
Butt-joined connectors and expanded-beam connectors
![Page 172: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/172.jpg)
QUESTION
Use two lenses to first expanded and then refocus the light from the transmitting fiber into the receiving fiber.
Fiber optic expanded-beam connectors
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QUESTION
Use two cylindrical plugs(referred to as ferrules), an alignment sleeve, and sometimes axial springs to perform fiber alignment.
Ferrule connectors
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QUESTION
Two ways that the navy classifies fiber optic connectors.
Light-duty connectors and heavy-duty connectors
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QUESTION
Redistributes the optical signal without optical-to-electrical conversion.
Passive coupler
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QUESTION
Electronic devices that split or combine the signal electrically and use fiber optic detectors and sources for input and output.
Active couplers
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QUESTION
A passive device that splits the optical power carried by a single input fiber into two output fibers.
Optical splitter
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QUESTION
Normally splits the input optical power evenly between the two output fibers.
Y-coupler
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QUESTION
A passive device that combines the optical power carried by two input fibers into a single output fiber.
Optical combiner
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QUESTION
Combines the functions of the optical splitter and combiner.
X-coupler
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QUESTION
Multiport couplers that have more than two input or two output ports.
Star and tree couplers
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QUESTION
Caused by a step change in the refractive index that occurs at the fiber joint.
Fresnel reflection
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QUESTION
Reduces the step change in the refractive index at the fiber interface, reducing Fresnel reflection.
Index matching gel
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QUESTION
Occurs when a small gap remains between fiber-end faces after completing the fiber connection.
Fiber separation(longitudinal misalignment)
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QUESTION
Occurs when the axes of the two fibers are off set in a perpendicular direction.
Lateral, or axial misalignment
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QUESTION
Occurs when the axes of two connected fibers are no longer parallel.
Angular misalignment
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QUESTION
Some common examples of poor fiber ends.
Fiber-end face tilt, lip, and hackle
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QUESTION
The basic fiber cleaving technique for preparing optical fibers are coupling.
Score-and-break method
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QUESTION
Removes most surface imperfections introduced by the fiber cleaving process.
Polishing the fiber ends
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QUESTION
Occurs when the fiber, mounted to the polishing tool, moves over a 5µ to 15µ grit abrasive paper.
Rough-polishing
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QUESTION
Occurs when the mounted fiber moves over a 0.3µ to 1µ grit abrasive paper in the same figure-eight motion.
Fine-polishing
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QUESTION
A source of intrinsic coupling loss.
Fiber mismatches
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QUESTION
A permanent fiber joint whose purpose is to establish an optical connection between two individual optical fiber.
Fiber optic splice
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QUESTION
A fiber splice where mechanical fixtures and materials perform fiber alignment and connection.
Mechanical splice
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QUESTION
A fiber splice where localized heat fuses or melts the ends of two optical fibers together.
Fusion splice
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QUESTION
Epoxy resins that seal mechanical splices and provide index matching between the connected fibers.
Transparent adhesives
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QUESTION
It means that the fiber cladding consists of a single homogeneous layer of dielectric material.
Matched cladding
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QUESTION
It means that the fiber cladding consists of two regions: the inner and outer cladding regions.
Depressed cladding
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QUESTION
The smallest operating wavelength when single mode fibers propagate only the fundamental mode.
Single mode fiber cutoff wavelength
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QUESTION
Fibers having a silica glass core and a plastic cladding.
Plastic clad silica (PCS) fibers
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QUESTION
Method wherein gaseous metal halide compounds, dopant material, and oxygen are oxidized(burned) to form a white silica powder (SiO2).
Vapor phase oxidation
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QUESTION
Manufacturers call SiO2 the.
soot
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QUESTION
Method wherein multicomponent glass rods form the fiber structure.
Direct-melt process
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QUESTION
A tight-buffered fiber surrounded by arimid yarn and a low-halogen outer jacket.
Optical fiber cable components(OFCCs)
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QUESTION
Makes a permanent joint between two fibers or two groups of fibers.
Fiber optic splice
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QUESTION
Permit easy coupling and uncoupling of optical fibers.
Fiber optic connectors
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QUESTION
Distribute or combine optical signals between fibers.
Fiber optic couplers
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QUESTION
What are the main causes of coupling loss?
Poor fiber end preparation and poor fiber alignment
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QUESTION
A measure of an optical source’s power launching capability.
Radiance
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QUESTION
Caused by inherent fiber characteristics.
Intrinsic coupling losses
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QUESTION
Caused by jointing techniques.
Extrinsic coupling losses
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QUESTION
A short length of optical fiber (usually 1 meter or less) permanently fixed to the optical source or detector.
Fiber pigtail
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QUESTION
Waves that are neither transmitted nor absorbed, but are reflected from the surface of the medium they encounter.
Reflected waves
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QUESTION
When a wave approaches a reflecting surface, the wave that strikes the surface is called.
The incident wave
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QUESTION
When a wave approaches a reflecting surface, the wave that bounces back is called.
The reflected wave
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QUESTION
An imaginary line perpendicular to the point at which the incident wave strikes the reflecting surface is called.
The normal
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QUESTION
The angle between the incident wave and the normal.
Angle of incidence
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QUESTION
The angle between the reflected wave and the normal.
Angle of reflection
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QUESTION
The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
Law of reflection
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QUESTION
Attenuation is mainly a result of what three properties?
Light absorption, scattering, and bending losses
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QUESTION
The loss of optical power as light travels along the fiber.
attenuation
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QUESTION
The portion of attenuation resulting from the conversion of optical power into another energy form, such as heat.
absorption
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QUESTION
Caused by the electronic transition of metal ions, such as iron, nickel and chromium, from one energy level to another.
Extrinsic absorption
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QUESTION
Describes the value of refractive index as a function of radial distance at any fiber diameter.
Refractive index profile
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QUESTION
The refractive index of the core is uniform and undergoes an abrupt change at the core-cladding boundary.
Step-index profile
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QUESTION
The refractive index at the core varies gradually as a function of radial distance from the fiber center.
Graded-index fiber
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QUESTION
Determines the shape of the core’s profile.
Profile parameter (α)
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QUESTION
The NA of a multimode graded-index fiber is at its maximum value at the fiber axis. This NA is the.
Axial numerical aperture,NA(O)
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QUESTION
Sound to electrical.
Mircophone
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QUESTION
Infrasonic.
Less than 20Hz
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QUESTION
Ultrasonic.
Greater than 20000Hz
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QUESTION
Min. deviation, longest wavelength.
red
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QUESTION
Why the sky is blue.
Scattering
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QUESTION
Why tip of needle is blurred when viewed from screen.
Diffusion of light
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QUESTION
Min. distance to see an object.
25cm
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QUESTION
Wavelength sensitive to eyes.
555nm
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QUESTION
Blackbody emits ___.
No radiation
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QUESTION
Black body.
Absorb emit
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QUESTION
Tuning fork placed on a table top.
Loudness inc.
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QUESTION
Gay Lussac.
Constant volume
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QUESTION
Axis of ___.
Radius of gyration
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QUESTION
3rd most conductive.
Yold
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QUESTION
Diopter.
4th power
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QUESTION
Linear momentum is doubled.
4 times KE
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QUESTION
Reflection of sound.
Echo
![Page 246: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/246.jpg)
QUESTION
Classification of compound.
Acid and base
![Page 247: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/247.jpg)
QUESTION
Atomic number of Boron.
5
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QUESTION
Normal body temperature of human.
37ᵒ
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QUESTION
Proposed that protons and neutrons are concentrated in a nucleus.
Ernest Rutherford
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QUESTION
Liquid non-metal at normal temperature.
Bromine
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QUESTION
The branch of optical technology concerned with the transmission of radiant power (light energy) through fibers.
Fiber optics
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QUESTION
The basic functions of a fiber optic data link.
Convert an electrical input signal to an optical signal, send the optical signal over an optical fiber, and convert the optical signal back to an
electric signal.
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QUESTION
The three parts of a fiber optic data link.
Transmitter, optical fiber, and receiver
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QUESTION
The decrease in the amount of light reaching the end of the fiber.
Loss
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QUESTION
In fiber optic systems, designers consider what trade-offs?
Trade-offs in fiber properties, types of connections, optical sources, and detector types in military and subscriber-loop applications.
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QUESTION
Seven advantages of fiber optics over electrical systems.
Improved system performance, immunity to electrical noise, signal security, electrical isolation, reduced size and weight, environmental
protection, and overall system economy
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QUESTION
The advent of quantum physics successfully explained the photoelectric effect in terms of fundamental particles of energy called.
Quanta
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QUESTION
What are the fundamental particles of energy (quanta) known as when referring to light energy?
Photons
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QUESTION
What type of wave motion is represented by the motion of water?
Transverse-wave motion
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QUESTION
Illustrated as straight lines, showing the direction in which light is travelling at any point.
Light rays
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QUESTION
Those substances that transmit almost all the light waves falling upon them are said to be.
Transparent
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QUESTION
Substances through which some light rays can pass, but through which objects cannot be seen clearly because the rays are diffused, are called.
Translucent
![Page 263: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/263.jpg)
QUESTION
Those substances that are unable to transmit any light rays are called.
Opaque
![Page 264: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/264.jpg)
QUESTION
Typical optical detector materials used for receiver operation in the 850-nm wavelength region.
Silicon(Si), gallium arsenide(GaAs), and gallium aluminum arsenide(GaAlAs)
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QUESTION
Examples of optical detector materials used for receiver operation in the 1300-nm and 1550-nm wavelength regions.
Germanium(Ge), indium phosphide(InP), and indium gallium arsenide(InGaAs)
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QUESTION
Output saturation, occurs at input optical power levels typically.
Greater than 1 milliwatt(mW)
![Page 267: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/267.jpg)
QUESTION
Typical reverse-bias voltage applied across the active region of an avalanche photodiode(APD).
Over 100 volts
![Page 268: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/268.jpg)
QUESTION
Typical semiconductor materials used in the construction of low-noise APDs include.
Silicon(Si), indium gallium arsenide(InGaAs), and germanium(Ge)
![Page 269: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/269.jpg)
QUESTION
Typically, semiconductor lasers emit light spread out over an angle of.
10 to 15 degrees
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QUESTION
The two most common semiconductor materials used in electronic and electro-optic devices.
Silicon(Si) and gallium arsenide(GaAs)
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QUESTION
Typically LEDs for the 850-nm region are fabricated using.
GaAs and AlGaAs
![Page 272: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/272.jpg)
QUESTION
LEDs for the 1300-nm and 1550-nm regions are fabricated using.
InGaAsP and InP
![Page 273: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/273.jpg)
QUESTION
Basic LED types used for fiber optic communication systems.
Surface-emitting LED(SLED), edge-emitting LED(ELED), and super luminescent diode(SLD)
![Page 274: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/274.jpg)
QUESTION
Preferred optical source for short-distance(0 to 3km), low data-rate fiber optic systems.
SLEDs, and ELEDs
![Page 275: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/275.jpg)
QUESTION
Typically, SLEDs operate efficiently for bit rates.
Up to 250 megabits per second(Mb/s)
![Page 276: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/276.jpg)
QUESTION
ELEDs may be modulated at rates.
Up to 400 Mb/s
![Page 277: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/277.jpg)
QUESTION
SLDs may be modulated at bit rates of.
Over 400 Mb/s
![Page 278: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/278.jpg)
QUESTION
In SLEDs, the size of the primary active region is limited to a small circular area of.
20µm to 50µm in diameter.
![Page 279: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/279.jpg)
QUESTION
LDs typically can be modulated at frequencies up to.
Over 2 gigahertz(GHz)
![Page 280: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/280.jpg)
QUESTION
Electronic coolers used to cool LDs in system applications.
Thermo-electric(TE) coolers
![Page 281: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/281.jpg)
QUESTION
For the lowest data rates (0 to 20 megabits per second), sources tend to operate in the.
850-nm window
![Page 282: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/282.jpg)
QUESTION
For moderate data rates (50 to 200Mbps), sources tend to operate in the.
1300-nm window
![Page 283: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/283.jpg)
QUESTION
Are usually only used in the extremely long distance high-data-rate applications(undersea links, etc).
1550-nm transmitters
![Page 284: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/284.jpg)
QUESTION
Typical low-frequency applications are.
Analog audio and single channel video systems
![Page 285: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/285.jpg)
QUESTION
Types of systems for moderate frequency applications.
Multi-channel analog audio and video systems as well as frequency modulated(FM) systems
![Page 286: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/286.jpg)
QUESTION
Typical high frequency applications are.
Cable television trunk line and raw radar remoting applications
![Page 287: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/287.jpg)
QUESTION
Are typically used in cable television trunk line applications.
1550-nm transmitters
![Page 288: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/288.jpg)
QUESTION
Electronics industries association / telecommunications industries association.
EIA / TIA
![Page 289: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/289.jpg)
QUESTION
For most fiber optic measurements, these standard procedures are documented by the.
EIA / TIA
![Page 290: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/290.jpg)
QUESTION
Each component measurement procedure is assigned a unique number given by.
EIA / TIA-526-X
![Page 291: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/291.jpg)
QUESTION
The cutback method for measuring multimode fiber attenuation is.
EIA / TIA-455-46
![Page 292: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/292.jpg)
QUESTION
The cutback method for measuring single mode fiber attenuation is.
EIA / TIA-455-78
![Page 293: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/293.jpg)
QUESTION
Describes how to properly prepare fiber ends for measurement purposes.
EIA / TIA-455-57
![Page 294: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/294.jpg)
QUESTION
A 20-mm diameter mandrel is typically used for.
62.5µm fiber
![Page 295: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/295.jpg)
QUESTION
Another common mode filter for single mode fibers is.
30-mm diameter circular free-form loop
![Page 296: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/296.jpg)
QUESTION
Additional information on multimode and single mode filters(and launch conditions) is available in.
EIA / TIA-455-50 and EIA / TIA-455-57, respectively
![Page 297: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/297.jpg)
QUESTION
The test method for uncabled single mode fiber cutoff wavelength is.
EIA / TIA-455-80
![Page 298: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/298.jpg)
QUESTION
The test method for cabled single mode fiber cutoff wavelength is.
EIA / TIA-455-170
![Page 299: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/299.jpg)
QUESTION
The test method for measuring the bandwidth of multimode fibers in the frequency domain is.
EIA / TIA-455-30
![Page 300: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/300.jpg)
QUESTION
Chromatic dispersion is measured in the frequency domain using.
EIA / TIA-455-169 and EIA / TIA-455-175
![Page 301: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/301.jpg)
QUESTION
The procedure for measuring multimode and single mode fiber geometry is detailed in.
EIA / TIA-455-176
![Page 302: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/302.jpg)
QUESTION
The fiber-geometrical parameters measured include.
Cladding diameter, cladding noncircularity, core-cladding concentricity error, and core noncircularity
![Page 303: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/303.jpg)
QUESTION
Core diameter is measured using.
EIA / TIA-455-58
![Page 304: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/304.jpg)
QUESTION
Describes the procedure for measuring the near-field power distribution of optical waveguides.
EIA / TIA-455-43
![Page 305: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/305.jpg)
QUESTION
Output near-field radiation pattern can be obtained by using.
EIA / TIA-455-43
![Page 306: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/306.jpg)
QUESTION
The numerical aperture(NA) of a multimode fiber having a near-parabolic refractive index profile is measured using.
EIA / TIA-455-177
![Page 307: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/307.jpg)
QUESTION
Describes various procedures, or methods, for measuring the far-field power distribution of optical waveguides.
EIA / TIA-455-47
![Page 308: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/308.jpg)
QUESTION
The mode field diameter of a single mode fiber can be measured using.
EIA / TIA-455-167
![Page 309: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/309.jpg)
QUESTION
Provides information on the mathematics behind the transformation procedure between the far-field and near-field.
EIA / TIA-455-167
![Page 310: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/310.jpg)
QUESTION
Insertion loss of both multimode and single mode interconnection devices is measured using.
EIA / TIA-455-34
![Page 311: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/311.jpg)
QUESTION
The mandrel wrap method of measuring the insertion loss of an interconnecting device is included in.
EIA / TIA-455-34
![Page 312: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/312.jpg)
QUESTION
Return loss and reflectance are measured using.
EIA / TIA-455-107
![Page 313: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/313.jpg)
QUESTION
The fiber optic test method for measuring the attenuation of an installed optical fiber using an optical time-domain reflectometer(OTDR).
EIA / TIA-455-61
![Page 314: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/314.jpg)
QUESTION
The group index(N) is provided by fiber manufacturers or is found using.
EIA / TIA-455-60
![Page 315: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/315.jpg)
QUESTION
Point defects are located and measured using.
EIA / TIA-455-59
![Page 316: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/316.jpg)
QUESTION
The transmission loss of fiber optic cable plants is measured using.
EIA / TIA-526-14 method B (multimode fiber) or EIA / TIA-526-7 (single mode fiber)
![Page 317: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/317.jpg)
QUESTION
Fiber inspection is done visually by the use of a standard microscope at.
200 to 400 times magnification
![Page 318: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/318.jpg)
QUESTION
Ferrule-type ST® connectors are becoming the commercial connector of choice for local area network(LAN) and data transfer links and are the standard connector for navy light duty applications. This connector is described in specification sheets 16,17, and 18 of.
MIL-C-83522
![Page 319: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/319.jpg)
QUESTION
One type of heavy-duty connector designed for use in harsh navy environments is described by the military specification.
MIL-C-28876
![Page 320: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/320.jpg)
QUESTION
Standard core sizes for multimode step-index fibers are.
50µm and 100µm
![Page 321: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/321.jpg)
QUESTION
Standard core sizes for multimode graded-index fibers are.
50µm, 62.5µm, 85µm, and 100µm
![Page 322: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/322.jpg)
QUESTION
Standard core sizes for single mode fibers are.
Between 8µm, and 10µm
![Page 323: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/323.jpg)
QUESTION
Standard multimode graded-index fiber core and cladding sizes are.
50/125µm, 62.5/125µm, 85/125µm, and 100/140µm
![Page 324: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/324.jpg)
QUESTION
Typical values of relative refractive index difference(Δ) are around.
0.01 to 0.02
![Page 325: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/325.jpg)
QUESTION
An OFCC cable consists of individual single fiber cables, called.
Optical fiber cable components(OFCC)
![Page 326: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/326.jpg)
QUESTION
The OFCC outer diameter is typically.
2millimeters(mm)
![Page 327: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/327.jpg)
QUESTION
The fiber is typically buffered with a polyester elastomer to a total diameter of.
900µm
![Page 328: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/328.jpg)
QUESTION
An OFCC cable of 0.5inch cable outer diameter can accommodate about.
12 fibers
![Page 329: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/329.jpg)
QUESTION
OFCC type cable is also being evaluated for use in navy applications with fiber counts up to.
36 fibers(OFCC)
![Page 330: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/330.jpg)
QUESTION
Involves calculating the rise times of the link transmitter and the optical fiber.
Risetime budget
![Page 331: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/331.jpg)
QUESTION
The composite optical transmitter/fiber risetime is referred to as the.
Fiber exit risetime
![Page 332: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/332.jpg)
QUESTION
Consists of all the fiber optic cables and the fiber optic interconnection equipment within the shop, including connectors, splices, and interconnection boxes.
Fiber optic cable plant
![Page 333: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/333.jpg)
QUESTION
Optical fibers or cables should never be bent at a radius of curvature less than a certain value, called the.
Minimum bend radius
![Page 334: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/334.jpg)
QUESTION
A hybrid device that converts electrical signals into optical signals and launches the optical signals into an optical fiber.
Fiber optic transmitter
![Page 335: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/335.jpg)
QUESTION
Two basic types of amplifiers used in fiber optic receivers.
High-impedance amplifiers and transimpedance amplifier
![Page 336: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/336.jpg)
QUESTION
Fiber optic receivers can be classified into two categories.
Digital and analog
![Page 337: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/337.jpg)
QUESTION
Consists of an optical transmitter, optical fiber, and an optical receiver.
Point to point fiber optic data link
![Page 338: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/338.jpg)
QUESTION
A common fiber optic application is the.
Full duplex link
![Page 339: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/339.jpg)
QUESTION
Consists of a single transmission line that is shared by a number of equipments.
Linear bus topology
![Page 340: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/340.jpg)
QUESTION
Consists of equipments attached to one another in a closed loop or ring.
Ring topology
![Page 341: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/341.jpg)
QUESTION
Configuration wherein each equipment is connected a common center hub.
Star topology
![Page 342: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/342.jpg)
QUESTION
Consists of a transmission line that branches, or splits.
Tree topology
![Page 343: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/343.jpg)
QUESTION
The process of varying one or more characteristics of an optical signal to encode and convey information.
modulation
![Page 344: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/344.jpg)
QUESTION
A discontinuous signal that changes from one state to another in discrete steps.
Digital signal
![Page 345: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/345.jpg)
QUESTION
A popular form of digital modulation.
Binary modulation
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QUESTION
The process of arranging symbols that represent binary data in a particular pattern for transmission.
Line coding
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QUESTION
A continuous signal whose amplitude, phase, or some other property varies in a direct proportion to the instantaneous value of a physical variable.
Analog signal
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QUESTION
Modulation wherein the intensity of a optical source’s output signal is directly modulated by the incoming electrical analog base band signal.
Intensity modulation
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QUESTION
A signal that is in its original form and has not been changed by a modulation technique.
Base band signal
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QUESTION
Involves identifying all of the sources of loss in the fiber optic link.
Power budget
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QUESTION
The difference between the transmitter output power and the receiver sensitivity is referred to as the.
Available power
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QUESTION
The ratio of the optical detector’s output photocurrent in amperes to the incident optical power in watts
responsivity
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QUESTION
A semiconductor positive-negative(p-n) structure with an intrinsic region sandwiched between the other two regions.
PIN photodiode
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QUESTION
When no light is incident on the photodiode, a current is still produced called.
Dark current
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QUESTION
The detector thickness is related to the amount of time required for the electrons generated to flow out of the detector active area. This time is referred to as the electron.
Transmit time
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QUESTION
It is given by tRC=RC
RC time constant
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QUESTION
Means that the output electrical current(photocurrent) of the photodiode is linearly proportional to the input optical power.
Detector linearity
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QUESTION
A photodiode that internally amplifies the photocurrent by an avalanche process.
Avalanche photodiode(APD)
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QUESTION
Occurs when accelerated electrons collide with other electrons in the semiconductor material, causing a fraction of them to become part of the photocurrent.
Avalanche multiplication
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QUESTION
Defined as the first stage of amplification following the optical detector.
Pre amplifier
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QUESTION
Defined as the remaining stages of amplification required to raise the detector’s electrical signal to a level suitable for further signal processing.
Post amplifier
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QUESTION
It includes thermal noise, dark noise, and quantum noise.
Receiver noise
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QUESTION
The noise resulting from the random motion of electrons in a conducting medium.
Thermal noise
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QUESTION
Noise caused by current fluctuations because of the discrete nature of charge carriers.
Shot noise
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QUESTION
Results from dark current that continues to flow in the photodiode when there is no incident light.
Dark current noise
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QUESTION
Results from the random generation of electrons by the incident optical radiation.
Quantum noise
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QUESTION
Involves wrapping the test fiber around a mandrel.
Mandrel wrap mode filter
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QUESTION
The wavelength of a single mode fiber above which the fiber propagates only the fundamental mode.
Cut off wavelength
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QUESTION
A technique of measuring the cutoff wavelength wherein the same fiber with small bends is used as the reference fiber.
Bend-reference technique
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QUESTION
A technique of measuring the cut-off wavelength wherein a piece of the multimode fiber is used as the reference fiber.
Multimode-reference technique
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QUESTION
Causes the spreading of the light pulse as it travels along the fiber.
Dispersion
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QUESTION
Defined as the average diameter of the cladding.
Cladding diameter
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QUESTION
Defined as the average diameter of the core.
Core diameter
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QUESTION
The difference between the smallest radius of the fiber (Rmin) and the largest radius (Rmax) divided by the average cladding radius(R).
Cladding noncircularity, or ellipticity
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QUESTION
For multimode fibers, it is the distance between, the core and cladding centers divided by the core diameter.
Core-cladding concentricity error
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QUESTION
The difference between the smallest core radius(Rmin) and the largest core radius(Rmax) divided by the core radius(Rc).
Core noncircularity
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QUESTION
An electro-optic device that accepts optical signals from an optical fiber and converts them into electrical signals.
Fiber optic receiver
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QUESTION
The minimum amount of optical power required to achieve a specific receiver performance.
Receiver sensitivity
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QUESTION
Refers to the range of optical power levels over which the receiver operates within the specified values.
Dynamic range
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QUESTION
A device that converts input energy of one form into output energy of another.
transducer
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QUESTION
A transducer that converts an optical signal into an electrical signal.
Optical detector
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QUESTION
Semiconductor detectors are designed so that optical energy(photons) incident on the detector active area produces a current called.
photocurrent
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QUESTION
A passive device that distributes optical power from more than two input parts among several output parts.
Star coupler
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QUESTION
A passive device that splits the optical power from one input fiber to more than two output fibers.
Tree coupler
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QUESTION
Fiber optic couplers that prevent the transfer of power between input fibers.
Directional couplers
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QUESTION
Transmits the same amount of power through the coupler when the input and output fibers are reversed.
Symmetrical coupler
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QUESTION
The loss of optical power as light travels along the fiber.
attenuation
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QUESTION
Measured by End users at the operating wavelength(λ) of a fiber.
Total attenuation(A)
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QUESTION
Also known as attenuation rate.
Attenuation coefficient(α)
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QUESTION
The area of the fiber face illuminated by the light beam from the optical source.
Launch spot size
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QUESTION
The angular extent of the light beam from the optical source incident on the fiber end face.
Angular distribution
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QUESTION
Results when the launch spot size and angular distribution are smaller than that of the fiber core.
Underfilled launch
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QUESTION
Occurs when the launch spot size and angular distribution are larger than that of the fiber core.
Overfilled launch condition
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QUESTION
A device that removes any cladding mode power from the fiber.
Cladding-mode stripper
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QUESTION
A device that attenuates specific modes propagating in the core of an optical fiber.
Mode filter
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QUESTION
One of the most popular splicing techniques in commercial applications.
Electric arc fusion(arc fusion)
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QUESTION
A short discharge of electric current that prepares the fiber ends for fusion.
prefusion
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QUESTION
Two basic types of fiber optic connectors.
Butt-joined connectors and expanded-beam connectors
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QUESTION
Use two lenses to first expanded and then refocus the light from the transmitting fiber into the receiving fiber.
Fiber optic expanded-beam connectors
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QUESTION
Use two cylindrical plugs(referred to as ferrules), an alignment sleeve, and sometimes axial springs to perform fiber alignment.
Ferrule connectors
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QUESTION
Two ways that the navy classifies fiber optic connectors.
Light-duty connectors and heavy-duty connectors
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QUESTION
Redistributes the optical signal without optical-to-electrical conversion.
Passive coupler
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QUESTION
Electronic devices that split or combine the signal electrically and use fiber optic detectors and sources for input and output.
Active couplers
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QUESTION
A passive device that splits the optical power carried by a single input fiber into two output fibers.
Optical splitter
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QUESTION
Normally splits the input optical power evenly between the two output fibers.
Y-coupler
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QUESTION
A passive device that combines the optical power carried by two input fibers into a single output fiber.
Optical combiner
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QUESTION
Combines the functions of the optical splitter and combiner.
X-coupler
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QUESTION
Multiport couplers that have more than two input or two output ports.
Star and tree couplers
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QUESTION
Caused by a step change in the refractive index that occurs at the fiber joint.
Fresnel reflection
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QUESTION
Reduces the step change in the refractive index at the fiber interface, reducing Fresnel reflection.
Index matching gel
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QUESTION
Occurs when a small gap remains between fiber-end faces after completing the fiber connection.
Fiber separation(longitudinal misalignment)
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QUESTION
Occurs when the axes of the two fibers are off set in a perpendicular direction.
Lateral, or axial misalignment
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QUESTION
Occurs when the axes of two connected fibers are no longer parallel.
Angular misalignment
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QUESTION
Some common examples of poor fiber ends.
Fiber-end face tilt, lip, and hackle
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QUESTION
The basic fiber cleaving technique for preparing optical fibers are coupling.
Score-and-break method
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QUESTION
Removes most surface imperfections introduced by the fiber cleaving process.
Polishing the fiber ends
![Page 417: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/417.jpg)
QUESTION
Occurs when the fiber, mounted to the polishing tool, moves over a 5µ to 15µ grit abrasive paper.
Rough-polishing
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QUESTION
Occurs when the mounted fiber moves over a 0.3µ to 1µ grit abrasive paper in the same figure-eight motion.
Fine-polishing
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QUESTION
A source of intrinsic coupling loss.
Fiber mismatches
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QUESTION
A permanent fiber joint whose purpose is to establish an optical connection between two individual optical fiber.
Fiber optic splice
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QUESTION
A fiber splice where mechanical fixtures and materials perform fiber alignment and connection.
Mechanical splice
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QUESTION
A fiber splice where localized heat fuses or melts the ends of two optical fibers together.
Fusion splice
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QUESTION
Epoxy resins that seal mechanical splices and provide index matching between the connected fibers.
Transparent adhesives
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QUESTION
It means that the fiber cladding consists of a single homogeneous layer of dielectric material.
Matched cladding
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QUESTION
It means that the fiber cladding consists of two regions: the inner and outer cladding regions.
Depressed cladding
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QUESTION
The smallest operating wavelength when single mode fibers propagate only the fundamental mode.
Single mode fiber cutoff wavelength
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QUESTION
Fibers having a silica glass core and a plastic cladding.
Plastic clad silica (PCS) fibers
![Page 428: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/428.jpg)
QUESTION
Method wherein gaseous metal halide compounds, dopant material, and oxygen are oxidized(burned) to form a white silica powder (SiO2).
Vapor phase oxidation
![Page 429: GEAS ECE Board Exam Reviewer Module 06](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061514/55cf9c27550346d033a8cff8/html5/thumbnails/429.jpg)
QUESTION
Manufacturers call SiO2 the.
soot
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QUESTION
Method wherein multicomponent glass rods form the fiber structure.
Direct-melt process
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QUESTION
A tight-buffered fiber surrounded by arimid yarn and a low-halogen outer jacket.
Optical fiber cable components(OFCCs)
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QUESTION
Makes a permanent joint between two fibers or two groups of fibers.
Fiber optic splice
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QUESTION
Permit easy coupling and uncoupling of optical fibers.
Fiber optic connectors
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QUESTION
Distribute or combine optical signals between fibers.
Fiber optic couplers
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QUESTION
What are the main causes of coupling loss?
Poor fiber end preparation and poor fiber alignment
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QUESTION
A measure of an optical source’s power launching capability.
Radiance
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QUESTION
Caused by inherent fiber characteristics.
Intrinsic coupling losses
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QUESTION
Caused by jointing techniques.
Extrinsic coupling losses
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QUESTION
A short length of optical fiber (usually 1 meter or less) permanently fixed to the optical source or detector.
Fiber pigtail
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QUESTION
Waves that are neither transmitted nor absorbed, but are reflected from the surface of the medium they encounter.
Reflected waves
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QUESTION
When a wave approaches a reflecting surface, the wave that strikes the surface is called.
The incident wave
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QUESTION
When a wave approaches a reflecting surface, the wave that bounces back is called.
The reflected wave
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QUESTION
An imaginary line perpendicular to the point at which the incident wave strikes the reflecting surface is called.
The normal
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QUESTION
The angle between the incident wave and the normal.
Angle of incidence
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QUESTION
The angle between the reflected wave and the normal.
Angle of reflection
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QUESTION
The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
Law of reflection
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QUESTION
Attenuation is mainly a result of what three properties?
Light absorption, scattering, and bending losses
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QUESTION
The loss of optical power as light travels along the fiber.
attenuation
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QUESTION
The portion of attenuation resulting from the conversion of optical power into another energy form, such as heat.
absorption
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QUESTION
Caused by the electronic transition of metal ions, such as iron, nickel and chromium, from one energy level to another.
Extrinsic absorption
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QUESTION
Describes the value of refractive index as a function of radial distance at any fiber diameter.
Refractive index profile
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QUESTION
The refractive index of the core is uniform and undergoes an abrupt change at the core-cladding boundary.
Step-index profile
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QUESTION
The refractive index at the core varies gradually as a function of radial distance from the fiber center.
Graded-index fiber
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QUESTION
Determines the shape of the core’s profile.
Profile parameter (α)
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QUESTION
The NA of a multimode graded-index fiber is at its maximum value at the fiber axis. This NA is the.
Axial numerical aperture,NA(O)