Review Questions

1. What evidence supports the idea that we have better memory for central meaning?

1. What evidence supports the idea that we have better memory for central meaning?

1. Telescope Experiment2. Memory for National Anthem Lyrics3. Johnson 1970 – reading passages4. David Rubin (1977) – Twenty-Third Pslam Memory5. Brown & Smiley (1997) – Children telling stories6. Bransford & Johnson (1972) – Doing laundry7. War of the Ghosts

2. In an experiment, participants read one of two sentences:

1. Acacia was trying to make a cake. She was beating the eggs when her mom came to help her. 2. Acacia was trying to make a cake. She was looking for the eggs when her mom came to help her.

Later, participants were asked if they read the sentence “Acacia was using a whisk to make a cake.” Who was more likely to falsely recall reading the previous sentence, participants who read sentence 1 or 2 initially? What is this an example of?

2. In an experiment, participants read one of two sentences:

1. Acacia was trying to make a cake. She was beating the eggs when her mom came to help her. 2. Acacia was trying to make a cake. She was looking for the eggs when her mom came to help her.

Later, participants were asked if they read the sentence “Acacia was using a whisk to make a cake.” Who was more likely to falsely recall reading the previous sentence, participants who read sentence 1 or 2 initially? What is this an example of?

Sentence 1; Pragmatic interference

3. Participants rated fruits as how similar they are to each other. Based on these ratings, researchers created this map ->

a) On the graph, how do you know which items are more similar?b) If you did a reaction time test, where you had participants respond whether statements were true or false, which statement would they respond faster to:“An apple is a fruit” or “An olive is a fruit?”c) T/F: Based on this model, similarity ratings for “Apple to Apple” and “Pomegranate to Pomegranate” are the same, and participants would rate them as such. Bonus: What axiom is this referring to?d) T/F: Based on the geometric axioms of this model, “Apple to Blueberry” and “Blueberry to Apple” would be rated differently in similarity. Bonus: What axiom is this referring to?

3. Participants rated fruits as how similar they are to each other. Based on these ratings, researchers created this map ->

a) On the graph, how do you know which items are more similar? Closer = more similarb) If you did a reaction time test, where you had participants respond whether statements were true or false, which statement would they respond faster to:“An apple is a fruit” or “An olive is a fruit?” An apple is a fruitc) T/F: Based on this model, similarity ratings for “Apple to Apple” and “Pomegranate to Pomegranate” are the same, and participants would rate them as such. Bonus: What axiom is this referring to? F – Minimalityd) T/F: Based on the geometric axioms of this model, “Apple to Mango” and “Mango to Apple” would be rated differently in similarity. Bonus: What axiom is this referring to? F - Symmetry

4. Calculate how similar the following birds are using the equation below: Similarity(X,Y) = Features that X and Y have in common – Features of X that Y doesn’t have – Features of Y that X doesn’t have

Animal Pigeons Parrots PenguinsMovement Can Fly Can Fly Can’t FlyLive Everywhere Pan-Tropical Southern

Hemisphere

Pets? Pets Pets Not PetsClothing Feathers Feathers FeathersReproduction Lay Eggs Lay Eggs Lay eggs

Vocalization Coo Squawk/Talk Navigation Good at Directions Favorites Favorite of Mike

Tyson

a) Similarity(pigeons, parrots) =

b) Similarity(pigeons, penguins) =

c) Similarity(parrots, penguins) =

BONUS: What theory does this support?

4. Calculate how similar the following birds are using the equation below: Similarity(X,Y) = Features that X and Y have in common – Features of X that Y doesn’t have – Features of Y that X doesn’t have

Animal Pigeons Parrots PenguinsMovement Can Fly Can Fly Can’t FlyLive Everywhere Pan-Tropical Southern

Hemisphere

Pets? Pets Pets Not PetsClothing Feathers Feathers FeathersReproduction Lay Eggs Lay Eggs Lay eggs

Vocalization Coo Squawk/Talk Navigation Good at Directions Favorites Favorite of Mike

Tyson

a) Similarity(pigeons, parrots) = 4 – 4 – 2 = -2

b) Similarity(pigeons, penguins) = 2 – 6 – 3 = -7

c) Similarity(parrots, penguins) = 2 – 4 – 3 = -5

BONUS: What theory does this support? Geometric representations of categories

5. In an experiment participants are shown the word “rain.” After “rain,” participants may see the word “cloud,” “potato,” or “squant.” If the participants are asked whether “cloud,” “potato,” or “squant” are words or not, comparatively how fast will they respond to each? Why?

5. In an experiment participants are shown the word “rain.” After “rain,” participants may see the word “cloud,” “potato,” or “squant.” If the participants are asked whether “cloud,” “potato,” or “squant” are words or not, comparatively how fast will they respond to each? Why?

Cloud > potato > squantSpreading activation

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1. Is a drib a lamina?

1. Is a drib a lamina?2. Is a hsif a lamina?

1. Is a drib a lamina?2. Is a hsif a lamina?3. Is an iwik a lamina?

1. Is a drib a lamina?2. Is a hsif a lamina?3. Is an iwik a lamina?4. Is a krahs a hsif?

1. Is a drib a lamina?2. Is a hsif a lamina?3. Is an iwik a lamina?4. Is a krahs a hsif?5. Does a nibor have wabbles?

1. Is a drib a lamina?2. Is a hsif a lamina?3. Is an iwik a lamina?4. Is a krahs a hsif?5. Does a nibor have wabbles?6. Can a iwik jant?

1. Is a drib a lamina?2. Is a hsif a lamina?3. Is an iwik a lamina?4. Is a krahs a hsif?5. Does a nibor have wabbles?6. Can a iwik jant?7. Does a krahs coven?

1. Is a drib a lamina?2. Is a hsif a lamina?3. Is an iwik a lamina?4. Is a krahs a hsif?5. Does a nibor have wabbles?6. Can a iwik jant?7. Does a krahs coven?8. Is a nomlas lamsy?

1. Is a drib a lamina?2. Is a hsif a lamina?3. Is an iwik a lamina?4. Is a krahs a hsif?5. Does a nibor have wabbles?6. Can a iwik jant?7. Does a krahs coven?8. Is a nomlas lamsy?9. Does a nibor garupo?

1. Is a drib a lamina?2. Is a hsif a lamina?3. Is an iwik a lamina?4. Is a krahs a hsif?5. Does a nibor have wabbles?6. Can a iwik jant?7. Does a krahs coven?8. Is a nomlas lamsy?9. Does a nibor garupo?10. Does an iwik have gibbins?

1. Is a drib a lamina?2. Is a hsif a lamina?3. Is an iwik a lamina?4. Is a krahs a hsif?5. Does a nibor have wabbles?6. Can a iwik jant?7. Does a krahs coven?8. Is a nomlas lamsy?9. Does a nibor garupo?10. Does an iwik have gibbins?11. Is a krahs patata?

1. Is a drib a lamina?2. Is a hsif a lamina?3. Is an iwik a lamina?4. Is a krahs a hsif?5. Does a nibor have wabbles?6. Can a iwik jant?7. Does a krahs coven?8. Is a nomlas lamsy?9. Does a nibor garupo?10. Does an iwik have gibbins?11. Is a krahs patata?12. Does a nomlas have madenko?

1. Is a drib a lamina?2. Is a hsif a lamina?3. Is an iwik a lamina?4. Is a krahs a hsif?5. Does a nibor have wabbles?6. Can a iwik jant?7. Does a krahs coven?8. Is a nomlas lamsy?9. Does a nibor garupo?10. Does an iwik have gibbins?11. Is a krahs patata?12. Does a nomlas have madenko?13. Is squant a word?

LAMINA

DRIB HSIF

NIBOR IWIK KRAHS NOMLAS

Is flerlungHas gibbinsCan laboef

Is smadooHas ferlingCan garupo

Is patataHas madenkoCan terfok

Is yamblyHas wabblesCan zarg

Is squantHas shodankCan jant

Is gapperHas blasklesCan covem

Is lamsyHas wompersCan nadun

ANIMAL

BIRD FISH

ROBIN KIWI SHARK SALMON

ANIMAL

BIRD FISH

ROBIN KIWI SHARK SALMON

1. A robin is a bird vs a kiwi is a bird.2. A shark is an animal vs a shark is a fish.

ANIMAL

BIRD FISH

ROBIN KIWI SHARK SALMON

1. A robin is a bird vs a kiwi is a bird.2. A shark is an animal vs a shark is a fish.

Need to revise the TLC model to account for “basic level”