review on substitution of coconut shell as coarse … · 2018-07-29 · however, the utilization of...

REVIEW ON SUBSTITUTION OF COCONUT SHELL AS COARSE MIX

IN CONCRETE COMBINE BY MISTREATMENT OF NUMEROUS

GRADES

S.Andavan(1), N. Ravi Sreekar(2), P. Vivek(3)

Associate professor, department of civil engineering, Saveetha school of engineering, Saveetha university,

India (1).

U.G. scholar, department of civil engineering, Saveetha school of engineering, Saveetha university,

India (2), (3)

[email protected] (1 ),[email protected] (2) [email protected](3)

Saveetha institute of medical and technical sciences

Chennai-602105

Abstract: In this paper, we have tendency to discussing the replacing coconut shell as coarse combination in

concrete mistreatment. Due to increase warrant of construction materials for the aim of

infrastructural, we will use an alternate material as coconut shell within the concrete combine. Light

weight concrete is a freelance material in tendency construction. Coconut shell has received attribute

as a result of its lower density and advanced thermal properties. This paper represents the many

grades were cubes, beams, cylinders square measure are casted by replacement mixture. Therefore

the various type of tests based on days were capsulated by compressive strength, durability strength,

flexural strengths. And workability take a glance at additionally evaluated by whereas examine the

replacement mix. Whereas the testing this shells reduces the strength in concrete. Among the low cost

construction materials cement concrete takes an important role which also contains fine aggregates

and coarse aggregates. Coconut shell is the one among the waste product in even be used as a rough

combination in concrete.

Keywords: Coconut shell, fly ash, Natural resources, Cement, river sand, Compression, Split tensile,

Flexural strengths.

Introduction:

A concrete material which will be a combination of cement, water fine aggregate and coarse

aggregate. When compared to steel concrete had recorded economically more compressive strength.

It is non-corrosive which can be made locally available materials.

International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsVolume 119 No. 17 2018, 199-209ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/Special Issue http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/

199

Due to increase in population the constructions are increasing accordingly so there is more demand

for construction material. Now this time has come back to think about some alternative materials for

property use in concrete combine. Day by day this type of waste materials has increasing

environmental issues. Around 93 countries are rich sources of coconut. According to some statistics

our country have largest cultivation land area in Asia i.e about 4.40 million acres approximately. It is

birth place for coconut. The cost for making concrete is increasing day-by-day so we have to reduce

that by using eco waste instead of using costly materials. The best waste material to mix with concrete

is coconut which makes concrete stronger. Due to tough create tissue, coconut shell is not rotten easily

and stay as solid waste for years. Coconut shell is assessed as light weight aggregate. The coconut

shell is once dried, it contains polysaccharide, lignin, pentose’s and ash in various proportions. In

Asia the development enterprise is to create use of the advantage of light weight concrete at intervals

the production of excessive upward thrust structures.

The goal of our paper is to discuss on the strength of coconut shell of concrete at high demand for

concrete within construction mistreatment traditional weight aggregates like granite and gravel

extremely decreases the deposits of natural stone which broken the atmosphere. There by inflicting

ecological imbalance there is essential to range over and to seek out appropriate replacement material

substitute the natural stone. Until now, industrial merchandise and domestic wastes area used in

concrete. However, the utilization of agricultural waste in concrete is in its body hood half. Coconut

shell is associate agricultural waste. At present, coconut shell has additionally has been burnt to

supply charcoal and activated charcoal for food and effervescent drinks and filtering drinks for water

use. However, the coconut shell remains underutilised.

From the analysis works reviewed higher than, it will be perceiving that coconut shells will be

successfully used as a substitute for coarse combination in concrete. The study bestowed here is

specializing looking for the optimum vary of replacement of coarse combination with coconut shells

supported its strength properties. The study put together aims to seek out the advantage of

commercially made coconut shell concrete add terms of self-weight reduction.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW:

International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

200

2.1 General: In this chapter, there are numerous researchers have been studied within the result of

replacement of coarse combination by coconut shell and also results shown on the mechanical and

hardness properties of traditional cement concrete. The literature being reviewed as below

DAMRE SHRADDHA1, FIRAKE HITALI1 (2014)

In this paper we studied that aamong the useful agricultural waste materials the family of palm shells

namely palm shell and coconut shell are highly available in torrid zones of the world. According to

research coconut shell aggregates are in ratio of 1:5 used in normal concrete when compared with the

compressive strength results that are obtained.

(Courtesy by paper review ‘damre shraddha’)

SELWYN BABU J AND MAHENDRAN N (2014) This paper studied that light weight aggregate place the

major role in sustainable concrete. By mixing synthetic

light weight aggregates with concrete mixture the light

weight concrete is prepared. In the 28th day of concrete

mix is less than 2000kg per meter cube. The satisfied requirements for coconut shell aggregate is

ASTM C 330. The authors showed the strength of flexural behavior workability density of concrete

containing ¼, ½ , ¾ and 4/5 of metallic element replaced to traditional coarse mixture by volume.

AJAY LONE, ANIKET DESHMUKH (2016)

The coarse aggregate are the main materials of concrete. In authors of this paper discussed about

replacing coconut shell for coarse aggregate. 25% and 50% of coarse aggregate replacement prepared

by binding constantly along with water in the ratio of 0.45 per all mixes, density, workability and

water adsorption. One week, two weeks and four weeks were determined compressive strength,

tensile strength and flexural strength.

PARAG S. KAMBLI, SANDHYA R. MATHAPATI (2014)

The goal of the above paper was to use eco waste in construction materials which reduces the cost for

housing. And it also purposes of encouraging house developers and investing these materials in house

construction. They used three variants of concrete mixes in three different grades known as M20,

M35 and M50 grades with various proportions of natural material. 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% will

be replaced and 7 and 28 days tests will conducted.


201

Coconut shells

(Courtesy by review paper parag s)

Coconut shell aggregates

(Courtesy by review paper parag. s)

SATISH SHINDE, RAMIZ SAYED,(2016)

In this paper authors mainly discussed about basic things needed to make human alive like meal,

lodging and clothes. They replaced M20 grade concrete by coconut shell as a coarse cluster. In a ratio

of 1:1 cubes and circular solids were lobbed respectively and their confining and elastic strength at 4

weeks test. The confining strength and ductile strength of concrete reduced because the proportion

replacement inflated. Concrete made by replacing 10%, 15%, 20% of coarse mixture by coconut shell

earned by twenty eight days confining strength and ductile strength. They got the results which made

a big difference in price and more than that it is environment friendly.

DANIEL YAW OSEI (2013)

In the paper authors used 1:2:4 concrete mixture. 27 cubes were placed and tested various types of

strengths were evaluated at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks. The concrete is replaced at 20%, 30%, 40%,

50%,100%. The results of the review demonstrated that concrete created by replacement of the

crushed granite by coconut shell is utilized in Ferro-concrete construction. A possible exists for the

employment of coconut shells as replacement of standard combination in each standard Ferro-

concrete and light weight Ferro-concrete construction. To reduce the usage of environment harmful

materials in construction mixture by using coconut shell waste for standard mix which make the

mixture eco-friendly.


202

S.ABIRAMI, K.MUNIYAMMAL (2016)

The authors of this paper discusses about the natural and synthetical properties of concrete materials.

By using IS code method the Concrete mix design is done. Feasibleness of raw concrete like

compaction and slump cone tests will be done. Various strengths will harden concrete like confining

strength of concrete cubes at first and second week and split ductile strength of cylinder at first and

second week and flexural prism power at first and second week. To compare the feasibleness and a

strength variety for percentage variants of replacement of coarse mixture with coconut shell. Mainly

the lightweight concrete will be prepared.

TOMAS U. GANIRON JR (2013)

The author's experimental research covered a wide series of property tests like mechanical property

and sieve analysis tests along with the content of specific moisture gravity Test were undertaken in

accordance with the ASTM Outcomes showed that by replacing certain amount of coconut shell can

satisfy the concrete work mix. When differentiated the normal concrete mixture's strength with the

coconut shell included concrete's strength is more.

VINOD B R, P.VENKATA KHYATHI (2017)

This has necessitated analysis work into various materials within the construction field. The prices of

building materials area unit rising day by day. The coarse aggregates area unit the most ingredients

of concrete. During this paper, the employment of coconut shell as a rough combination has been

mentioned supported the results obtained from comprehensive review of literature. We tend to all

need that our buildings should be robust and may build with the development material of cheap rates.

Light weight construction mixture is prepared by using the wastes like panels & block production,

internal wall casting, outdoor furniture etc.

YOGESH NARAYAN SONAWANE (2013)

In concrete mix the most important ingredient is the coarse aggregate therefore they used coconut

shell as main ingredient and found better results. By collecting the test results they proved that using

coconut shell is more eco-friendly than other materials. The author aimed to figure out confining

strength of concrete By substituting coconut shell for natural coarse mix with replacement of 0, 1/4,

1/2, 1 parts. For each case they prepared 3 samples of M20 grade mixture in the shape of cubes and


203

authors want to spread perception of using coconut shell as construction material. The total cost for

construction will be decreased a lot. They got highest confining strength in control mix i.e 21 N/mm2

approximately after fourth week, whereas the lowest strength at the same week is noted as 23.00

N/mm2. So whenever light-weight concrete mix is needed the coconut shell is a part of it. Because of

the rough surface in coconut shell it is hard to combine it with concrete.

3. Results:

A concrete mix including coconut shell were replaced various materials are had been casted and tested

by different authors. Table: 1 represents compressive strength, table: 2 represents tensile strength and

table: 3 represents flexural strength.

Table: 1 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTHS

AUTHOR TYPE OF

MIX

PERCENTAGE

%

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

3DAYS 7DAYS 14DAYS 28DAYS

Damre

shraddhath

Coconut shell

25% R 22.8MPa 31.3 MPa - 42.6 Mpa

50% R 22.6 MPa 30.3 Mpa - 41.3 Mpa

75 % R 22.2 MPa 29.8 Mpa - 40.5 Mpa

100%R 18.7 MPa 23.3 Mpa - 31.2 Mpa

0% R 25.6 MPa 37.1 Mpa - 50.5 Mpa

Selwyn babu Coconut shell

0 %R - 23.33N/mm^2 - 34.66N/mm^2

25 %R - 17.30N/mm^2 - 25.61N/mm^2

50%R - 15.80N/mm^2 - 19.52N/mm^2

75%R - 12.86N/mm^2 - 17.78N/mm^2

80%R - 10.12N/mm^2 - 16.52N/mm^2

Ajay lone Coconut shell

0%R - 13 Mpa 17.67MPa 22.87MPa

25%R - 12.5Mpa 18.19MPa 22MPa

50%R - 8Mpa 14MPa 18.85MPa

Parags. Kambli Coconut shell + fly

ash

20%R - 21.77Mpa - 30.22MPa

30%R - 18.66Mpa - 24.44MPa

40%R - 5.77Mpa - 8.44MPa

Satish shinde Coconut shell

- - - - -

Daniel yaw

osei

Coconut shell

0%R - 15.75N/mm^2 18.88N/mm^2 20.94N/mm^2

20%R - 15.18N/mm^2 17.06N/mm^2 19.7 N/mm^2

30%R - 14.56N/mm^2 16.38N/mm^2 18.58N/mm^2

50%R - 12.17N/mm^2 15.17N/mm^2 16.65N/mm^2

100%R - 3.91N/mm^2 5.40 N/mm^2 9.29 N/mm^2

S.Abirami,

K.Muniyammal

Coconut shell

0%R - 18 N/mm^2 - 26 N/mm^2

5%R - 17.8N/mm^2 - 25.1N/mm^2

15%R - 16.5N/mm^2 - 24.5N/mm^2


204

25%R - 16.1N/mm^2 - 20.9N/mm^2

30%R - 16.46N/mm^2 - 21.7N/mm^2

Tomas U.

Ganiron Jr

Coconut shell + fibre

+ CHB

Specimen 1 - 0.8 MPa 0.71 Mpa 1.22 Mpa

Specimen 2 - 2.11 Mpa 2.33 Mpa 3.16 Mpa


Vinod B R,

P.venkata

Khyathi

Coconut shell

- - - - -

Yogesh

Narayan,

Sonawane

Coconut shell

0 %R - 14.85 MPa - 21.28 MPa

25 %R - 13.46 MPa - 20.2 MPa

50%R - 13.12 MPa - 19.65 MPa

100%R - 9.64 MPa - 14.23 MPa

Table: 2 TENSILE STRENGTHS

AUTHOR TYPE OF

MIX

PERCENTAGE

%

TENSILE STRENGTH


Damre

shraddhath

Coconut shell 25% R - - - 1.8 MPa

50% R - - - 1.7MPa

75 % R - - - 1.7Mpa

100%R - - - 0.8Mpa

0% R - - - 2.1MPa

Selwyn babu Coconut shell - - - - -

Ajay lone Coconut shell 0%R - - - 2.50MPa

25%R - - - 2.45MPa

50%R - - - 2.30MPa

Parags. kambli Coconut shell - - - - -

Satish shinde Coconut shell - - - - -

Daniel yaw osei Coconut shell - - - - -

S.Abirami,

K.Muniyammal

Coconut shell 0%R - 1.43N/mm^2 - 2.82 N/mm^2

5%R - 1.03N/mm^2 - 2.63N/mm^2

15%R - 1.01N/mm^2 - 2.58N/mm^2

25%R - 1.1N/mm^2 - 2.47N/mm^2

30%R - 1.03N/mm^2 - 2.5 N/mm^2

Tomas U.

Ganiron Jr

Coconut shell + fibre +CHB

Specimen 1 - 1582.5 Mpa 1747.50 Mpa

2370.0 Mpa

Specimen 2 - 1252.50 Mpa 2190.0 Mpa

2752.50 Mpa

Specimen 3 - 1365.50 Mpa 1845.0

Mpa

3097.5 Mpa

Vinod B R,

P.venkata

Khyathi

Coconut shell - - - - -

Yogesh

Narayan,

Sonawane



205

Table: 3 FLEXURAL STRENGTHS

AUTHOR TYPE OF

MIX

PERCENTAGE

%

FLEXURAL STRENGTH


Damre

shraddhath

Coconut shell 25% R - - - 4.1MPa

50% R - - - 4.1MPa

75 % R - - - 3.9MPa

100%R - - - 3.0MPa

0% R - - - 4.8MPa

Selwyn babu Coconut shell 0 %R - - - 3.65Mpa

25 %R - - - 3.23MPa

50%R - - - 2.87MPa

75%R - - - 2.71Mpa

80%R - - - 2,59Mpa

Ajay lone Coconut shell 0%R - 2.41MPa 3.43MPa 4.88MPa

25%R - 2.50MPa 3.19MPa 4.8MPa

50%R - 2.0MPa 2.80MPa 3.36Mpa

Parags. Kambli Coconut shell - - - - -

Satish shinde Coconut shell - - - - -

Daniel yaw osei Coconut shell - - - - -

S.Abirami,

K.Muniyammal

Coconut shell 0%R - 2.05N/mm^2 - 3.17N/mm^2

5%R - 1.97N/mm^2 - 2.36N/mm^2

15%R - 1.86N/mm^2 - 2.91N/mm^2

25%R - 1.93N/mm^2 - 3.1N/mm^2

30%R - 1.87N/mm^2 - 3.36N/mm^2

Tomas U.

Ganiron Jr

Coconut shell + fibre + CHB

Specimen 1 - 0.44 MPa 0.48 Mpa 0.37Mpa



Vinod B R,

P.venkata

Khyathi


Yogesh

Narayan,

Sonawane


4. CONCLUSION

In this paper, the coconut shell accurate strength and it was investigated as limited replacement

of coarse combine with coconut shell as various mix percentages. Experimental investigation

is based on tests conducted for workability, compressive strengths, split tensile strengths,

flexural strengths. Hence the subsequent conclusions are above literature review derived from

study. Coconut shell is used as a limited replacement for the standard coarse aggregate within

the construction of concrete


206

For further studies out to be allotted to determine the chance of exploitation coconut shell mix

as a structural material.

The ability of concrete studies on coconut shell concrete out to be distributed to assess its

behaviour in aggressive environments.

It is completed that the coconut shells is a lot of appropriate as lower strength of giving

particular light-weight concrete production.

The density of concrete will be reduced as the replacement material increases.

This paper helps to complete the construction within budget.

5. REFERENCES:

1. Sustainable Concrete by Partially Replacing Coarse Aggregate Using Coconut Shell: by

Damre Shraddha , Firake Hitali , Dode Pradeep , and Shrikant Varpe in year (June 2014)

2. Coconut Shell as Partial Replacement for Coarse Aggregate: Akshay S. Shelke, Kalyani R.

Ninghot, Pooja P. Kunjekar, Shraddha P. Gaikwad etc. in year (2014)

3. A Review of Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate & Coarse Aggregate by Waste Glass

Powder & Coconut Shell : by Kumar Animesh, Jeet Tiwari, Kapil Soni in year(Oct -2017)

4. Parag S. Kambli, Sandhya R. Mathapati “Application of Cococnut Shell as Coarse aggregate

in concrete” International Journal of Engineering Research and Application Vol.6, Issue3,

march 2014.

5. Kabiru Usman Rogo, Selah Abu-Bakr” Exploratory study of coconut shell as aggregate in

concrete production”, Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol.2, Dec 2010.

6. J. P. Ries, J. Speck, (2010), “Lightweight Aggregate Optimizes the Sustainability of

Concrete”, Concrete Sustainability Conference, National Ready Mixed Concrete Association

7. The obtained slump values were between 50 and 75mm without adding super platiciser, this

study showed that this concrete has a medium degree of workability and is within the range

of workable concrete[IS 456, 2000].

8. The obtained slump values were between 50 and 75mm without adding super platiciser, this

study showed that this concrete has a medium degree of workability and is within the range

of workable concrete[IS 456, 2000].

9. Maninder Kaur & Manpreet Kaur, Review On Utilization Of Coconut Shell As Coarse

Aggregates in Mass Concrete, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, vol.7,

Issue 11, 2012

10. Apeksha Kanojia, S. K. J. (2015). Performance of Coconut Shell as Coarse Aggregate in

Concrete: A Review, 4(7), 77–80.

11. Ganiron, T. U. (2013). Sustainable management of waste coconut shells as aggregates in

concrete mixture. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review, 6(5), 7–14.


207

12. Info, A. (2014). Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences Coconut Shell as a Partial

Replacement to Coarse Aggregate in Concrete, 8(August), 693–697.

13. Lone, A., Deshmukh, A., Jadhav, P., Patil, R., & Mistry, P. (2016). Test on Coconut Shell as

Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate in Cement Concrete, (april), 825–827.

14. Osei, D. Y., Engineering, C., & Coast, C. (2013). Experimental assessment on coconut shells

as aggregate in concrete. International Journal of Engineering Science Inventions, 2(5), 7–11.

15. Parag S. Kambli. (2014). Compressive Strength of Concrete by Using Coconut Shell. IOSR

Journal of Engineering (IOSR-JEN), 4(4), 7. Retrieved from

http://www.iosrjen.org/Papers/vol4_issue4 (part-7)/A04470107.pdf

16. Rajeevan, B., & Shamjith, K. M. (2015). A Study on the Utilization of Coconut Shell as Coarse

Aggregate in Concrete. International JOurnal of Engineering Research & Technology, 4(7),

77–80.

17. Shinde, Satish, Ramiz Sayed, B. C. (2016). Investigation of Coconut Shell as a Replacement

of Coarse Aggregate in Concrete. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology,

(March), 46–48.

18. Shraddha, D., Hitali, F., Pradeep, D., & Varpe, S. (2014). Sustainable Concrete by Partially

Replacing Coarse Aggregate Using Coconut Shell. Journal on Today’s Ideas - Tomorrow’s

Technologies, 2(1), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.15415/jotitt.2014.21004

19. Sonawane, Y. N., & Chitte, C. J. (2016). Waste Coconut Shell as a Partial Replacement of

Coarse Aggregate in Concrete Mix - An Experimental Study. International Journal of Science

and Research, 5(4), 2014–2016.


208

review on substitution of coconut shell as coarse … · 2018-07-29 · however, the utilization of...

Documents