processing of coconut shell into activated carbon
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8/6/2019 Processing of Coconut Shell Into Activated Carbon
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PostharvestPT2004-03
PracticalF F T C Technology
Processing of coconut shell into
activated carbon/charcoal
Cooperating agency for this topic:
FFTC: An international information center for
small-scale farmers in Asia
Indonesian Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology,
Riau Province, Indonesia
Fax: 62 0761 674206
E-mail: [email protected]
Food and Fertilizer Technology Center (FFTC)5F, 14 Wenchow St., Taipei 106, Taiwan ROC
Tel.: (886 2) 2362 6239 Fax: (886 2) 2362 0478
E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.fftc.agnet.org
Coconut shell, a by-product of copra processing, is a
good material for activated carbon/charcoal (Fig. 1).
Activated charcoal (charcoal activated with CO2, water
vapor, or chemical compounds) made of coconut shell
has advantages compared to other materials (wood, rice
husk, corn cob) because of its ability to absorb color or
aroma. It is used as supporting material for food and
non-food industries (processing of cooking oil, sugar,
and chemical matter purification).
Generally, coconut production at farmer level is
1 ton/ha, with coconut shell by-products of 0.9 ton,
which in turn can yield 0.36 ton of activated charcoal.
Price of activated charcoal is Rp 4,246,379.00/ton
(US$440.00), income obtained is Rp 1,528,696.00
(US$158.00).
Processing of activated charcoal
Materials and equipment
! Coconut shell
! Drum or burning sink (Fig. 2)
! Oven
! Plastic pail
! Crusher wood/iron! Draining tray
! Distilled water
! Sieve, 100 mesh
Fig. 1. Coconut shell
Fig. 2. Drum or burning sink
8/6/2019 Processing of Coconut Shell Into Activated Carbon
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Fig. 3. Powdered coconut shell
Methods
! Separate and clean coconut shell from other
materials, such as coconut fiber or soil.
! Sun dry.
! Burn dried coconut shell at burning sink or drum
at 300-500
o
C for 3-5 hours.! Soak charcoal in chemical solution (CaCl2or
ZnCl225%) for 12-18 hours to become activated
charcoal.
! Wash charcoal with distilled/clean water.
! Spread on tray at room temperature to be
drained.
! Dry in oven at temperature 110 oC for 3 hours.
! Crush or refine activated charcoal with crusher
wood/iron into size of 100 mesh (Fig. 3).
! Pack activated charcoal in plastic.
Quality standard
Quality standard for activated charcoal determined by
the Department of Industry, Indonesia with SII 0258-79
are as follows:
Item Quality requirement
Loss matter during max 15%
burning at 950 oC
Water max 10%
Ash max 2.5%
Absorbability min 20%
on Iod solution