Review of the development of portraiture

Complement to the text

The medieval periodTYPES OF PORTRAITS SOCIETY ARTISTS AND ARTWORKS

RELIGIOUS PORTRAITS « an art dedicated to religion »SCULPTED EFFIGIES OF KINGS, QUEENS« symbols rather than likenesses »« memorial abstractions of authority »MANUSCRIPT ILLUMINATIONS

Illuminated portrait of Richard II

XIVthTYPES OF PORTRAITS SOCIETY ARTISTS AND ARTWORKS

BEGININGS OF CHARACTERIZATION IN ROYAL PORTRAITSDELICATE MINIATURESLikeness is not a primary concern, the devotional content is what matters

Wilton Diptych

Andre Beauneveu’s Richard II

The Wilton Diptych was painted by anonymous artists. It belonged to Richard II and was used as a mobile altarpiece.

XVth-XVIthTYPES OF PORTRAIT SOCIETY ARTISTS AND ARTWORKSFLEMISH REALISTIC PORTRAITPORTRAITS OF DONORS ON ALTARPIECESSECULAR PORTRAITS BEING REMINDERS OF THE GOVERNING POWERBETHROTAL PORTRAIT, which « served to conveu the suitability of the bride »

Many Flemish painters settle in London

Humanism triggers an interest in manking and fuels the interest in portraiture. The Reformation restricts religious paintingsThe Renaissance: « technical advances in the representation of character », development of the oil medium

Jan Van EyckRoger van der WeydenHans MemlingHugo van der GoesPetrus Christus

The Donne triptych (portraying John Donne)

Antonello da MessinaLeonardo da VinciTitian

Hans Holbein the younger’s portrait of Henry VIII, of Anne of Cleves and the Duchess of Milan

Hans MEMLING, The Donne Diptych, c. 1475

The Ditchley Portrait, c.1592

XVIIthTYPES OF PORTRAITS SOCIETY ARTISTS AND ARTWORKS

MINIATURE PORTRAITS: intimate images sought by courtiersA GREAT AGE OF PORTRAITUREMore freedom in method and conception: the artist is not just a hired workmanBaroque virtuosityEnglish restraint

DECLINE OF THE COURT PORTRAIT

Flemish painters escape religious persecution and flee to England: Flemish colony in London

New wealth and national freedom in the Netherlands

The Ditchley portrait, Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger

Nicholas HilliardIsaac Oliver

Rembrandt’s self portraitRubensAnthony Van Dyck

Sir Peter LelySir Godfrey Kneller

XVIIIth centuryTYPES OF PORTRAITS SOCIETY ARTISTS AND ARTWORKS

A PERIOD OF EXCELLENCETHE CONVERSATION PIECE

OPEN-AIR PORTRAITS

NATURAL DEPICTIONS OF CHILDREN

A WIDER RANGE OF CHARACTERS (middle-class people, artists…)

STRONG LINKS WITH THE PAST

Increasing pleasure of owing property,Interest in the landscape and gardening

William Hogarth

Thomas Gainsborough

Sir Joshua Reynolds

George Stubbs

XIXthTYPES OF PORTRAITS SOCIETY ARTISTS AND ARTWORKS

FITFUL AND VARIED STYLES (ecclectism)Quasi-photographic portraits of the middle-classRomantic brilliancePre-raphealite minute portraits

Sir Thomas Lawrence

Sir John Everett Millais

James McNeill Whistler