REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN

QUANTITATIVE

NONDESTRUCTIVE

EVALUATION

Denver, Colorado, USA 75 - 20 July 2012

SPONSORING ORGANIZATIONS

QNDE ProgramsAir Force Research LaboratoryArmy Research LaboratoryAmerican Society of Nondestructive Testing (ASNT)AMES Laboratory of the Department of Energy

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

National Science Foundation (NSF)

Industry/University Cooperative Research Centers

® CD INCLUDED IN VOLUME 32B

I VOLUME 32A

EDITORS

Donald O. Thompson

Dale E. Chimenti

Iowa State University, Ames, IA

AIPMelville, New York, 2013

AIP I CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS 1511American Institute

of Physics

AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 1511

The 39th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive

Evaluation

Table of Contents

Preface

Donald O. Thompson and Dale E. Chimenti

PART A

SCOPE OF NDE MEASUREMENTS

NDE measurements for understanding of performance: A few case

studies on engineering components, human health and cultural heritageBaldev Raj and B. Venkatraman 7

ADVANCES IN NDE MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY

Advances in digital industrial radiology - New application areas beyondfilm radiography

Uwe Ewert 18

Ultrasonic arrays in NDE: Beyond the B-scan

Paul D. Wilcox'

33

CHAPTER 1

ELASTIC AND INELASTIC WAVES

Section A. Ultrasonic Modeling

Guided wave-based J-integral estimation for dynamic stress intensityfactors using 3D scanning laser Doppler vibrometry

J. Ayers, C. T. Owens, K. C. Liu, E. Swenson, A. Ghoshal,and V. Weiss 51

v

Using singularities to detect and describe a notch in a pipeD. K. Stoyko, N. Popplewell, and A. H. Shah

A study of helical Lamb wave propagation on two hollow cylinders with

imperfect contact conditions

A. Balvantin, A. Baltazar, and J.-Y. Kim

A parallel mixed 3D grid/explicit FEM scheme for computing elastic

wave propagation on a GPU using an irregular mesh

Matthew R. Cherry, John C. Aldrin, Thomas Boehnlein,

and James L. Blackshire

Unit cell finite element modelling for ultrasonic scattering from

periodic surfaces

W. Choi, E. Skelton, M. J. S. Lowe, and R. Craster

Forward and backscatter energy field patterns from localized damagesites

James L. Blackshire

Nonlinear interaction of ultrasonic waves with a crack of different

orientations

P. Blanloeuil, A. Meziane, and C. Bacon

Section B. Guided Waves— Mostly Fundamentals

A novel approach of using the elastodynamic reciprocity for guidedwave problems

Haidang Phan, Younho Cho, Taeho Ju, Jan D. Achenbach,Sridhar Krishnaswamy, and Brandon Strom

A boundary element formulation for the computation of damped

guided wavesM. Mazzotti, I. Bartoli, A. Marzani, and E. Viola

Guided wave signal transport in curved and tapered platesR. A. Roberts

Scattering of guided waves from complex defects in plates in pipesA. Velichko and P. D. Wilcox

Anomalous dispersion of cylindrical longitudinal guided modes

H. Cui, B. Zhang, J. Trevelyan, S. Johnstone, and S. Millman

VI

Higher harmonic guided waves in isotropic weakly non-linear elastic

platesVamshi Krishna Chillara and CliffJ. Lissenden

Strongly cumulative second harmonic generation in a plate with

quadratic nonlinearity: Finite element simulation

Yang Liu, Cliff J. Lissenden, and J. L. Rose

Permanently installed guided wave pipeline monitoringA. Galvagni and P. Cawley

Ultrasonic waves guided by transverse bends in plates subjected to

symmetric axial excitation

Abilasha Ramadhas, P. Sreedhar, Roson Kumar Pattanayak,Krishnan Balasubramaniam, and Prabhu Rajagopal

Studies on the influence of axial bends on ultrasonic guided waves in

hollow cylinders (pipes)

Bhupesh Verma, Krishnan Balasubramaniam, and Prabhu Rajagopal

Energy and power modeling of multi mode Lamb waves propagatingstructure bonded with piezoelectric wafer active sensors

Ayman Kamal, Bin Lin, and Victor Giurgiutiu

Hybrid modal/FE simulation of guided waves inspectionsV. Baronian, K. Jezzine, and F. Le Bourdais

Section C. Guided Waves— Applications

Guided wave mode pairs for transmissibility in adhesively bondedmetal plates

P. Puthillath, B. Ren, C. J. Lissenden, and J. L. Rose

Ultrasonic guided wave inspection of an interface between an

anisotropic layer and a metallic half spaceM. D. Gardner, J. L. Rose, and C. A. Moose

Amplitude controlled array transducers for mode selection and beam

steering of guided waves in platesH. Kannajosyula, C. J. Lissenden, and J. L. Rose

vii

Planar shear horizontal guided wave inspection of a plate using

piezoelectric fiber transducers 223

M. H. Soorgee, C. J. Lissenden, J. L. Rose, and A. Yousefi-Koma

Field measurement of guided wave modes in rail track

P. W. Loveday and C. S. Long 230

Analysis of guided wave scattering due to defects in rails using a hybridFE-safe method

C. S. Long and P. W. Loveday 238

Section D. Guided Waves—Structural Health Monitoring

Impact source location of composites using a single sensor and time

reversal techniqueHyunjo Jeong and Sungjong Cho 246

Planar guided waves for SHM of plate structures using piezoelectricfiber transducers

M. H. Soorgee, C. J. Lissenden, J. L. Rose, and A. Yousefi-Koma 254

Efficient baseline gathering and damage detection in guided wave

structural health monitoringA. J. Croxford, O. Putkis, and P. D. Wilcox 262

Long term stability and expected performance of a guided wave SHM

systemV. Attarian, F. Cegla, and P. Cawley 270

Ultrasonic vibration for structural health monitoringY. Liang, F. Yan, C. Borigo, and J. L. Rose 278

Crack detection on wind turbine blades in an operating environment

using vibro-acoustic modulation techniqueS. Kim, D. E. Adams, and H. Sohn 286

Delay-and-sum technique for localization of active sources in

cylindrical objectsJoel B. Harley, Nattamon Thavornpitak, and Jose M. F. Moura 294

Lamb wave structural health monitoring using frequency-wavenumber

analysisZhenhua Tian and Lingyu Yu 302

viii

Investigation of waviness in wind turbine blades: Structural health

monitoringSunil Kishore Chakrapani, Vinay Dayal, and Daniel J. Barnard

Section E. Laser/Optical Based Ultrasonics

Measurement of depth of surface cracks in concrete by laser ultrasonic

technique with multichannel detector

S. Kurahashi, Y. Shimada, O. Kotyaev, T. Norimatsu, Y. Kono,

S. Nakata, and M. Ishii

Laser generation and detection for surface wave interaction with

different defect geometriesF. Hernandez-Valle, R. S. Edwards, A. R. Clough, M. H. Rosli,

and B. Dutton

Developments in signal processing and interpretation in laser tappingM. Perton, C. Neron, A. Blouin, and J.-P. Monchalin

Optical generation of high amplitude laser generated surface acoustic

waves

Bradley Sherman and Oluwaseyi Balogun

Laser Shockwave technique for characterization of nuclear fuel plateinterfaces

M. Perton, D. Levesque, J.-P. Monchalin, M. Lord, J. A. Smith,

and B. H. Rabin

Robotic laser-ultrasonic inspection of compositesC. Neron, C. Padioleau, A. Blouin, and J.-P. Monchalin

Optical detection of ultrasound using an apertureless near-field

scanning optical microscopy systemPhillip Ahn, Zhen Zhang, Cheng Sun, and Oluwaseyi Balogun

Detection of open and partially closed surface defects in plates usingultrasonic enhancement

A. R. Clough and R. S. Edwards

Optical excitation of narrowband Rayleigh surface waves for second

harmonic generationC. B. Swacek, J.-Y. Kim, and L. J. Jacobs

IX

Section F. Coda Waves

Stress- and damage-induced changes in coda wave velocities in concrete

P. Shokouhi 382

Influence of small temperature variations on the ultrasonic velocity in

concrete

E. Niederleithinger and C. Wunderlich 390

Study of concrete's behavior under 4-point bending load using Coda

Wave Interferometry (CWI) analysisY. Zhang, O. Abraham, X. Chapeleau, L.-M. Cottineau, V. Tournat,A. Le Duff, B. Lascoup, and O. Durand 398

LOCADIFF: Locating a weak change with diffuse ultrasound

Thomas Planes, Eric Larose, Vincent Rossetto, and Ludovic Margerin 405

Physical relation between coda wave analysis and fabric change in

multiphase, granular material

Frank Wuttke 412

Numerical simulation and analytical solution for plane waves focused

by a parabolic reflector

Y. T. Tsai, M. R. Haberman, and J. Zhu 421

CHAPTER 2

ELECTROMAGNETICS, THERMOGRAPHICS,AND THERMOSONICS

Section A. Eddy Current—Mostly Modeling

Eddy current mapping inside a plane conductor with flaws

A. Lopes Ribeiro, H. Geirinhas Ramos, D. J. Pasadas, and T. J. Rocha 428

Modeling and simulation of crack detection for underwater structures

using an ACFM method

Wei Li, Guoming Chen, Xiaokang Yin, Chuanrong Zhang, and Tao Liu 436

BEM modeling for ECT simulation of complex narrow cracks in

multilayered structures

R. Miorelli, C. Rcboud, T. Theodoulidis, and D. Lesselier 441

x

Investigation of acoustic fields generated by eddy currents using an

atomic force microscopeV. Nalladega, S. Sathish, and M. Blodgett

Role of varying interface conditions on the eddy current response from

cracks in multilayer structures

Aaron Cherry, Jeremy Knopp, John C. Aldrin, Harold A. Sabbagh,Thomas Boehnlein, and Ryan Mooers

Section B. Eddy Current—Techniques and Probes

Eddy current NDE performance demonstrations using simulation tools

L. Maurice, V. Costan, E. Guillot, and P. Thomas

Saturated low frequency eddy current technique applied to phasescharacterization in duplex stainless steel

J. M. A. Rebello, C. G. Camerini, M. C. Areiza, R. O. Carneval,and R. W. F. Santos

Low frequency EC-GMR detection of cracks at ferromagnetic fastener

sites in thick layered structure

G. Yang, A. Tamburrino, Z. Zeng, Y. Deng, X, Liu, L. Udpa,and S. S. Udpa

Development of flexible array eddy current probes for complexgeometries and inspection of magnetic parts using magnetic sensors

B. Marchand, J.-M. Decitre, N. Sergeeva-Chollet, and A. Skarlatos

Finite element modeling of magnetic bias eddy current probeinteraction with ferromagnetic materials

J. Lei

Eddy current imager based on bobbin-type Hall sensor arrays for

nondestructive evaluation in small-bore piping system

Jongwoo Jun, Jinyi Lee, Jungmin Kim, Minhhuy Le, and Schoon Lcc

Section C. Thermographics and Thermosonics

The application of finite element analysis to investigate the vibrational

response of a turbine blade under thermosonic excitation

Gabriel Bolu, Anthony Gachagan, Gareth Pierce, and Tim Barden

xi

Improvements on FEA with a two-step simulation of experimental

procedures in turbine blade crack detection in sonic IR NDE

Ding Zhang, Xiaoyan Han, Golam Newaz, Lawrence D. Favro,and Robert L. Thomas 518

Damage threshold study of sonic IR imaging on carbon-fiber reinforced

laminated composite materials

Xiaoyan Han, Qi He, Ding Zhang, Mike Ashbaugh, Lawrence D. Favro,Golam Newaz, and Robert L. Thomas 525

Study the effect of engagement force of ultrasound transducer on crack

detectability in sonic IR imaging

Xiaoyan Han and Yuyang Song 532

Simulations and measurements of artificial cracks and pits in flat

stainless steel plates using tone burst eddy-current thermography

(TBET)M. N. Libin, Krishnan Balasubramaniam, B. W. Maxfield,

and C. V. Krishnamurthy 539

Prospects of pulse phase thermography for finding disbonds

in CFRP-sandwich parts with aluminum honeycomb cores comparedto ultrasonic

J. Gruber, B. Stotter, G. Mayr, and G. Hendorfer 547

Passive and active thermography for in situ damage monitoring in

woven composites during mechanical testingJ.-M. Roche, D. Balageas, B. Lamboul, G. Bai, F. Passilly, A. Mavel,

and G. Grail 555

A fast lock-in infrared thermography implementation to detect defects

in composite structures like wind turbine blades

Arun Manohar and Francesco Lanza di Scalea 563

Transient thermography testing of unpainted thermal barrier coatingsurfaces

Grzegorz Ptaszek, Peter Cawley, Darryl Almond, and Simon Pickering 571

Induction thermography for non-destructive evaluation of adhesive

bonds

L. Balaji, Krishnan Balasubramaniam, and C. V. Krishnamurthy 579

Real view thermographyL. Bienkowski and C. Homma 587

Xll

Section D. X-Ray CT and Terahertz NDE

High resolution X-ray micro-CT of ultra-thin wall space componentsD. J. Roth, R. W. Rauser, R. R. Bowman, P. J. Bonacusc, R. E. Martin,

I. E. Locci, and M. KelleyInfluence of terahertz waves on the fiber direction of CFRP compositelaminates

Kwang-Hee Im, David K. Hsu, Chicn-Ping Chiou, Daniel J. Barnard,

In-Young Yang, and Je-Woong Park

CHAPTER 3

SIGNAL PROCESSING, DEFECT DETECTION AND SIZING

Section A. Signal Processing

Design of advanced automatic inspection system for turbine blade FPI

analysisJ. Zheng, W. F. Xie, M. Viens, L. Birglcn, and I. Mantcgh

Probabilistic fatigue life prediction using ultrasonic inspection data

considering equivalent initial flaw size uncertaintyX. Guan, J. Zhang, K. Kadau, and S. K. Zhou

Lamb wave mode decomposition using annular transducers and

quadrature signalsAlexander J. Dawson and Jennifer E. Michaels

Estimation of guided wave scattering matrices from spatiallydistributed transducer arrays (poster winner)

Xin Chen, Jennifer E. Michaels, and Thomas E. Michaels

GPU based numerical modeling for eddy current non-destructive

evaluation

Naiguang Lei, Lalita Udpa, and Satish Udpa

Storage strategies of eddy-current FE-BI model for GPU

implementationCharles Bardel, Naiguang Lei, and Lalita Udpa

Pulsed terahertz inspection of non-conducting sandwich compositesP. Lopato and T. Chady

xiii

Section B. Defect Detection

Detection of plate components defects by surface wave based on

transducer arrays

Zhao Liu, Fanwu Meng, Chunguang Xu, Xipeng Li, Shiyuan Zhou,

and Dingguo Xiao

Parametrical study of flaw detection in polycrystalline materials by

reducing the multiple scattering contribution

S. Shahjahan, A. Aubry, F. Rupin, B. Chassignole, and A. Derode

Multi-level damage detection with nonlinear ultrasonic methods (posterwinner)

Kathryn H. Matlack, Jin-Yeon Kim, Laurence J. Jacobs, and Jianmin Qu

Section C. Imaging, Tomography, and Reconstruction

Evolution of image processing methods for pulsed thermal imagingJ. G. Sun

Enhanced image processing methods for GMR array inspections of

multilayer metallic structures

John C. Aldrin, Doyle Motes, David S. Forsyth, and Gary Steffcs

Multi-path guided wave imaging for in situ monitoring of complexstructures

James S. Hall and Jennifer E. Michaels

Ultrasonic quantitative imaging with limited view arrays

P. Huthwaite, F. Simonetti, and M. J. S. Lowe

Ultrasonic multi-skip tomography for pipe inspectionArno Volker and Tim van Zon

High resolution guided wave tomographyP. Huthwaite, R. Ribichini, F. Simonetti, P. Cawley, and M. J. S. Lowe

Guided wave travel time tomography for bends

Arno Volker and Tim van Zon

xiv

Annular plate inspection using guided wave tomographyArno Volker and Rik Vos 745

Inversion of tone burst eddy current thermography data for defect

sizing - A simulation study

N. Biju, N. Ganesan, C. V. Krishnamurthy,and Krishnan Balasubramaniam 753

Numerical analysis of angular defects in bent plates using tone burst

eddy-current thermography (TBET)M. N. Libin, Krishnan Balasubramaniam, and B. W. Maxfield 761

Progress in defect quantification in multi-layered structures usingultrasonic inspection

Josiah Dierken, John C. Aldrin, Robert Holec, Michael LaCivita,

Joshua Shearer, and Eric Lindgren 769

GPU implementation of simultaneous iterative reconstruction

techniques for computed tomograpy

Junjun Xin, Chuck Bardel, Lalita Udpa, and Satish Udpa 777

Amplitude-independent flaw length determination using differential

eddy current

E. Shell 785

CHAPTER 4

ULTRASONIC PHASED ARRAYS AND ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS

Section A. Phased Arrays

New designs of ultrasonic 2D array probesF. Reverdy, P. Calmon, G. Ithurralde, and N. Dominguez 793

Design by simulation of the UT array inspection of a nozzle with a

flexible probe: Definition of 3D trajectories and focusing parametersA. Vanhoye, O. Casula, and D. Moussebois 801

Surface-Adaptive Ultrasound (SAUL) for phased-array inspection of

composite specimens with curved edges and complex geometry

D. L. Hopkins, M. Brassard, G. A. Ncau, Jean-Noel Noirct,

W. V. Johnson, and L. Le Ber 809

xv

NDT process using Lamb waves generated/detected by ultrasonic

phased array probes for the defect detection in metallic and composite

platesA. Leleux, P. Micheau, and M. Castaings

Comparison of ultrasonic array imaging algorithms for non-destructive

evaluation

J. Zhang, B. W. Drinkwater, and P. D. Wilcox

Phased array ultrasonic processing for enhanced and affordable

diagnosisN. Dominguez, G. Rougeron, S. Leberre, and R. Pautel

Defects detection in thin components using two-dimensional ultrasonic

arrays

A. Velichko, P. D. Wilcox, and B. W. Drinkwater

Characterization of inhomogeneous and anisotropic steel welds byultrasonic array measurements

Z. Fan and M. J. S. Lowe

Noise filtering in the total focusing method by decomposition of the time

reversal operator and the virtual array approachS. Bannouf, S. Robert, O. Casula, and C. Prada

A new speckle noise suppression technique using cross-correlation of

array sub-apertures in ultrasonic NDE of coarse grain materials

T. Lardner, M. Li, R. Gongzhang, and A. Gachagan

Forming non-diffracting beams using a 2D matrix phased array probeJ. Menges and J. Bamberg

Root crack sizing using phased array inspections and autoregressivespectral extrapolation signal processing

J. Caldwell, B. Shakibi, M. Moles, and A. N. Sinclair

Rail weld inspection using phased array ultrasonics

Girish N. Namboodiri, Krishnan Balasubramaniam,T. Balasubramanian, Jerry James, and Sriharsha

Equivalent flaw rime-of-flight diffraction sizing with ultrasonic phased

arrays

Brady J. Engle, Lester W. Schmerr, Jr., and Alexander Sedov

xvi

Section B. Ultrasonic Transducers

New developments in EMAT techniques for surface inspectionH. Gao, S. Ali, B. Lopez, and P. Lopez 902

Mode conversion of torsional waves generated by electromagneticacoustic transducer

Nurmalia, N. Nakamura, H. Ogi, and M. Hirao 909

Design and some practical applications of ultrasonic transducers with

axicon lenses

P. Katchadjian, C. Dcsimone, and A. Garcia 916

Pencil beam generation from a focused tranducer

M. Melo Mota, P. L. M. J. van Neer, and A. Volker 924

Transducer pressure waveform and signal on screen simulation: Part 1

Yoshio Udagawa and Guy Reim 932

Transducer pressure waveform and signal on screen simulation: Part 2

Yoshio Udagawa and Guy Reim 937

xvn