Ute Blohm-HieberUte Blohm-HieberEuropean Commission, Head of Unit DG ENER-D.2European Commission, Head of Unit DG ENER-D.2

ResponsibleResponsible and and SafeSafe Management of Management of Spent Fuel and Radioactive Waste Spent Fuel and Radioactive Waste in the European Unionin the European Union

Council Directive 2011/70/EuratomCouncil Directive 2011/70/EuratomAdopted on 19 July 2011Adopted on 19 July 2011

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Art. 1Art. 1 Subject matterSubject matter

1. Community framework ensuring responsible and safe management of SF and RW to avoid imposing undue burden on the future generations

2. National arrangements for a high level of safety to protect workers and the general public against dangers arising from ionising radiation

3. Ensuring necessary public information and participation

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ContextContext

. Each Member State remains free to define its fuel Each Member State remains free to define its fuel cycle policy:cycle policy:

Spent fuel can be regarded either as a valuable resource that may be reprocessed or as radioactive waste that is destined for direct disposal.

Whatever option is chosen, the disposal of high-level waste, separated at reprocessing, or of spent fuel regarded as waste should be considered.

Storage of radioactive waste, including long-term storage, is an interim solution, but not an alternative to disposal.

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StructureStructure

CHAPTER ICHAPTER I – – Scope, Definitions and General PrinciplesScope, Definitions and General Principles

CHAPTER IICHAPTER II – Obligations– Obligations

. National framework (Art 5)

. Competent regulatory authority (Art 6)

. Licence holders (Art 7)

. Expertise and skills (Art 8)

. Financial resources (Art 9)

. Transparency (Art 10)

. National programmes (Art 11, 12, 13)

. Reporting (Art 14)

CHAPTER IIICHAPTER III – Final Provisions: Reporting & Transposition– Final Provisions: Reporting & Transposition

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« Directive in a Nutshell »« Directive in a Nutshell »

. Euratom Treaty Chapt IIIEuratom Treaty Chapt III

supplementing BSS Directive (Art 1.4)

. Civilian Spent Fuel & Radioactive WasteCivilian Spent Fuel & Radioactive Waste

all stages of management from generation to disposal (Art 2)

. Based on IAEA Safety Standards Based on IAEA Safety Standards and and Joint Joint ConventionConvention

» Internationally endorsed principles and requirements for SF Internationally endorsed principles and requirements for SF and RW management – not legally binding and enforceableand RW management – not legally binding and enforceable

» definitions consistent with IAEA glossary – JC (Art 3)

. National Programme: Heart of DirectiveNational Programme: Heart of Directive

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Provisions of DIR to progress towards disposalProvisions of DIR to progress towards disposal

. RAW management from generation toRAW management from generation to DISPOSALDISPOSAL (Art 2.1) (Art 2.1)

. SF & RAW to be safely managed in the long term withSF & RAW to be safely managed in the long term with passivepassive safety featuressafety features (Art 4.3c) (Art 4.3c)

. Disposal outside EU only under very restricted conditions (safe Disposal outside EU only under very restricted conditions (safe disposal facility in operation)disposal facility in operation) (Art 4.4) (Art 4.4)

. Obligation of licence holder for comprehensive safety case Obligation of licence holder for comprehensive safety case including closure & post-closure of disposal facilityincluding closure & post-closure of disposal facility (Art 7.3) (Art 7.3)

. Adequate financial resources for the complete national Adequate financial resources for the complete national programmeprogramme (Art 9) (Art 9) including disposalincluding disposal

. Notification of national programmeNotification of national programme (Art 12) (Art 12) for Commissionfor Commission(Art 13)(Art 13) opinion opinion

. PeriodicPeriodic peer reviewpeer review ((< 10 years) on national framework, < 10 years) on national framework, regulatory body &regulatory body & implementation of national programmeimplementation of national programme

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Art.12Art.12 ContentsContents» Overall objectives of the national policyOverall objectives of the national policy

» Significant milestones and clear timeframesSignificant milestones and clear timeframes

» Inventory - present amounts and future prospectsInventory - present amounts and future prospects

» Concepts or plans and technical solutionsConcepts or plans and technical solutions

» Concepts or plans for post-closure period of a disposal Concepts or plans for post-closure period of a disposal facilityfacility

» Research, development and demonstration neededResearch, development and demonstration needed

» Responsibilities and the key performance indicators Responsibilities and the key performance indicators

» Cost assessment and financial scheme(s) in forceCost assessment and financial scheme(s) in force

» Transparency policy or processTransparency policy or process

» Agreement(s) with a MS or a third country on SF and Agreement(s) with a MS or a third country on SF and RW management, incl. on the use of disposal facility RW management, incl. on the use of disposal facility

National programme as heart of the DIRNational programme as heart of the DIR

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Art.14Art.14 ReportingReporting

» MS reports every three years – taking advantage of the review and reporting under the Joint Convention

First reports by 23 August 2015

» Commission report to the Council and the European Parliament on progress made, inventory of SF and RW and future prospects

» International peer review - invited by the MS at least every 10 years

Art.15Art.15 TranspositionTransposition

» Compliance with the Directive by 23 August 2013

» First notification of the content of National Programmes not later than 23 August 2015

Reporting & TranspositionReporting & Transposition

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Why detailed National Programme needed?Why detailed National Programme needed?

Why to plan disposal today?Why to plan disposal today?

»Easier knowledge preservation, trained staff availability

»Passive safety features of disposal: lower radiation exposure of workers (storage require active long-term monitoring)

»To avoid undue burden on future generation (financial, managerial, knowledge, staff, …)

<=> disposal: added value in safety vis-à-vis storage

Why to act now?Why to act now?

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Example: time frame for the implementation Example: time frame for the implementation plan in Finland (Olkiluoto)plan in Finland (Olkiluoto)

Onkalo project

.1977 Feasibility investigations.1983 Government decision about schedule and goals.2000 Site confirmation.2001 Decision in principle by government and parliament.2001 Construction of ONKALO demonstration project June 2011: excavation of first demo tunnel.2012 Construction license application.2018 Operation license application .2020 Commissioning

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Recital 24Recital 24

It is “an ethical obligation of each Member State to It is “an ethical obligation of each Member State to avoid any undue burden on future generations in avoid any undue burden on future generations in respect of spent fuel and radioactive waste including respect of spent fuel and radioactive waste including any radioactive waste expected from any radioactive waste expected from decommissioning of existing nuclear installations. decommissioning of existing nuclear installations. Through the implementation of this Directive Through the implementation of this Directive Member States will have demonstrated that they Member States will have demonstrated that they have taken reasonable steps to ensure that that have taken reasonable steps to ensure that that objective is metobjective is met””

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Common Drivers towards disposalCommon Drivers towards disposal

National ProgrammeNational Programme

Reporting / NotificationReporting / Notification

Peer ReviewPeer Review

ConclusionConclusion

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Who fails to plan, plans to fail!

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONTHANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONUte.Blohm-hieber@ec.europa.eu