resp-1340: pharmacology for respiratory care · resp-1340: pharmacology for respiratory care 3 vi....

RESP-1340: Pharmacology for Respiratory Care 1

RESP-1340: PHARMACOLOGY FOR RESPIRATORY CARECuyahoga Community CollegeViewing: RESP-1340 : Pharmacology for Respiratory CareBoard of Trustees:March 2020

Academic Term:Fall 2020

Subject CodeRESP - Respiratory Care

Course Number:1340

Title:Pharmacology for Respiratory Care

Catalog Description:General principles of pharmacology and calculations of drug dosages. Discussion of pharmacologic principles and agents used intreatment of cardiopulmonarydisorders.

Credit Hour(s):2

Lecture Hour(s):2Lab Hour(s):0

Other Hour(s):0

RequisitesPrerequisite and CorequisiteRESP-1300 Respiratory Care Equipment and RESP-1310 Cardiopulmonary Physiology.

I. ACADEMIC CREDITAcademic Credit According to the Ohio Department of Higher Education, one (1) semester hour of college credit will be awardedfor each lecture hour. Students will be expected to work on out-of-class assignments on a regular basis which, over the length ofthe course, would normally average two hours of out-of-class study for each hour of formal class activity. For laboratory hours, one(1) credit shall be awarded for a minimum of three laboratory hours in a standard week for which little or no out-of-class study isrequired since three hours will be in the lab (i.e. Laboratory 03 hours). Whereas, one (1) credit shall be awarded for a minimum oftwo laboratory hours in a standard week, if supplemented by out-of-class assignments which would normally average one hour ofout-of class study preparing for or following up the laboratory experience (i.e. Laboratory 02 hours). Credit is also awarded for otherhours such as directed practice, practicum, cooperative work experience, and field experience. The number of hours required toreceive credit is listed under Other Hours on the syllabus. The number of credit hours for lecture, lab and other hours are listed atthe beginning of the syllabus. Make sure you can prioritize your time accordingly. Proper planning, prioritization and dedication willenhance your success in this course.The standard expectation for an online course is that you will spend 3 hours per week for each credit hour.

II. ACCESSIBILITY STATEMENTIf you need any special course adaptations or accommodations because of a documented disability, please notify your instructorwithin a reasonable length of time, preferably the first week of the term with formal notice of that need (i.e. an official letter from theStudent Accessibility Services (SAS) office). Accommodations will not be made retroactively.

2 RESP-1340: Pharmacology for Respiratory Care

For specific information pertaining to ADA accommodation, please contact your campus SAS office or visit online at https://www.tri-c.edu/student-accessibility-services (https://www.tri-c.edu/student-accessibility-services/). Blackboard accessibility information isavailable at http://access.blackboard.com.Eastern (216) 987-2052 - Voice. (216) 987-2423 - FaxMetropolitan (216) 987-4344 – Voice.(216) 987-3257 - Fax.Western (216) 987-5079 – Voice. (216) 987-5118 - Fax.Westshore (216) 987-3900 – Voice. (216) 987-5294 - Fax.Brunswick (216) 987-5079 – Voice. (216) 987-5118 - Fax.Off-Site (216) 987-5079 – Voice

III. ATTENDANCE TRACKINGRegular class attendance is expected. Tri-C is required by law to verify the enrollment of students who participate in federal Title IVstudent aid programs and/or who receive educational benefits through other funding sources. Eligibility for federal student financialaid is based in part on enrollment status.Students who do not attend classes for the entire term are required to withdraw from the course(s). Additionally, students whowithdraw from a course or stop attending class without officially withdrawing may be required to return all or a portion of theirfinancial aid based on the date of last attendance. Students who do not attend the full session are responsible for withdrawing fromthe course(s).Tri-C is responsible for identifying students who have not attended a course before financial aid funds can be applied to students’accounts.Therefore, attendance is recorded in the following ways:• For in-person and blended-learning courses, students are required to attend the course by the 15th day of the semester (orequivalent for terms shorter than five weeks) to be considered attending. Students who have not met all attendance requirements forin-person and blended courses, as described herein, within the first two weeks or equivalent, will be considered not attending.• For online courses, students are required to login at least two times per week and submit one assignment per week for the first twoweeks of the semester, or equivalent to the 15th day of the term. Students who have not met all attendance requirements for onlinecourses, as described herein, within the first two weeks or equivalent, will be considered not attending.At the conclusion of the first two weeks of a semester or equivalent, instructors report any registered students who have “NeverAttended” a course. Those students will be administratively withdrawn from that course. However, after the time period inthe previous paragraphs, if a student stops attending a class or wants or needs to withdraw, for any reason, it is the student’sresponsibility to take action to withdraw from the course. Students must complete and submit the appropriate Tri-C form by theestablished withdrawal deadline.Tri-C is required to ensure that students receive financial aid only for courses that they attend and complete. Students reported for notattending at least one of their registered courses will have all financial aid funds held until confirmation of attendance in registeredcourses has been verified. Students who fail to complete at least one course may be required to repay all or a portion of their federalfinancial aid funds and may be ineligible to receive future federal financial aid awards. Students who withdraw from classes prior tocompleting more than 60 percent of their enrolled class time may be subject to the required federal refund policy.If illness or emergency should necessitate a brief absence from class, students should confer with instructors upon their return.Students having problems with coursework due to a prolonged absence should confer with the instructor or a counselor.

IV. LEARNING OUTCOMES ASSESSMENTOccasionally, in addition to submitting assignments to their instructors for evaluation and a grade, students will also be asked tosubmit completed assignments, called ‘artifacts,’ for assessment of course and program outcomes and the College’s EssentialLearning Outcomes (ELOs). The artifacts will be submitted in Blackboard or a similar technology. The level of mastery of the outcomedemonstrated by the artifact DOES NOT affect the student’s grade or academic record in any way. However, some instructors requirethat students submit their artifact before receiving their final grade. Some artifacts will be randomly selected for assessment, whichwill help determine improvements and support needed to further student success. If you have any questions, please feel free to speakwith your instructor or contact the Learning Outcomes Assessment office.

V. CONCEALED CARRY STATEMENTCollege policy prohibits the possession of weapons on college property by students, faculty and staff, unless specifically approved inadvance as a job-related requirement (i.e., Tri-C campus police officers) or, in accordance with Ohio law, secured in a parked vehicle ina designated parking area only by an individual in possession of a valid conceal carry permit.As a Tri-C student, your behavior on campus must comply with the student code of conduct which is available on page 29 withinthe Tri-C student handbook, available at http://www.tri-c.edu/student-resources/documents/studenthandbook.pdf You must alsocomply with the College’s Zero Tolerance for Violence on College Property available at http://www.tri-c.edu/policies-and-procedures/documents/3354-1-20-10-zero-tolerance-for-violence-policy.pdf

https://www.tri-c.edu/student-accessibility-services/



http://access.blackboard.com

http://www.tri-c.edu/student-resources/documents/studenthandbook.pdf

http://www.tri-c.edu/policies-and-procedures/documents/3354-1-20-10-zero-tolerance-for-violence-policy.pdf

http://www.tri-c.edu/policies-and-procedures/documents/3354-1-20-10-zero-tolerance-for-violence-policy.pdf


VI. CORONAVIRUS/COVID-19 STATEMENTStudents are responsible for adhering to all College health and safety guidance, including that which relates to the COVID-19pandemic.Public health requirements and standards are changing rapidly, and the College is adapting its guidance accordingly. Please checkyour Tri-C email and visit tri-c.edu/coronavirus regularly for updates.All students must adhere to the following general guidelines, until further notice:• Remain at home. Do not attend any in-person class or gathering.• Notify your instructor(s) if you are ill, have tested positive for COVID-19, or have been exposed to an individual who has testedpositive for COVID-19.• Wear a mask or face covering at all times, including, but not limited to: upon entering and exiting any Tri-C facility, in class, and in allcommon areas.• Maintain a distance of at least six feet between yourself and others at all times.• Provide the College with relevant information about your current health status and participate in any required on-site checks (e.g.,temperature checks).• Use only designated areas of Tri-C facilities, including entrances and exits. Sign in and out of Tri-C facilities as directed.The general guidelines listed above do not encompass all coronavirus-related guidance. These guidelines are subject to change atthe discretion of the College and under the direction of public health authorities. Students who fail to adhere to this guidance may besubject to disciplinary action under the College’s Student Code of Conduct and the Student Judicial Code.

OutcomesCourse Outcome(s):A. Evaluate specific information on various categories of drugs.

Objective(s):1. Demonstrate an understanding of basic terminology for respiratory care pharmacology.2. Identify the official drug publication in the U.S.3. Identify four common sources of drug information.

Course Outcome(s):B. Describe the basic principles of drug action emphasizing the pharmaceutical phase, pharmacokinetic phase andpharmacodynamic phase.

Objective(s):1. Identify the three phases involved in drug action.2. Identify five different routes of administration and give advantages and disadvantages of each route.3. Identify the four processes involved in the pharmacokinetics phase.4. Identify the essential concepts involved with the interaction of a drug molecule with its target receptor site.

Course Outcome(s):C. Calculate and interpret adult dosages for medications given by respiratory care practitioners.

Objective(s):1. Calculate dosages from percentage strength solutions.2. Calculate the amount of solute per ml of solution given a ratio.3. Calculate the ratio of drug to diluent given the amounts of drug and diluent or simple parts.4. Calculate the amount or volume of drug needed given a medication order and the dose and amount of medication on hand.5. Calculate a dosage based on a schedule (mg/Kg).6. Identify correct dose and schedule for adult medications administered by respiratory care practitioners.7. Convert from one unit to another within the metric system.

Course Outcome(s):D. Differentiate between drugs affecting the autonomic nervous system, parasympathetic and sympathetic branch and theirrelationship to the heart and lungs.

Objective(s):1. Describe the two branches of the autonomic nervous system.2. Describe the effects that the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the ANS have on various body processes.


3. Identify drug representatives for parasympathomimetic (cholinergic) agents4. Identify drug representatives of the parasympatholytic (anticholinergic/antimuscarinic) agents.5. Identify sympatholytic (antiadrenergic) agents.6. Identify drug representatives for sympathomimetic (adrenergic) agents.7. Identify pharmacologic effects of beta sympathetic stimulation.8. Identify and understand the mechanism of action on bronchial smooth muscle and skeletal muscle of the parasympatholytic

drugs.9. Identify the role of parasympathetic stimulation in the normal lung.

10. Name desirable characteristics in a sympathomimetic bronchodilator.11. Identify the advantages and disadvantages of aerosol administration of the sympathomimetic bronchodilators.

Course Outcome(s):E. Evaluate the use of drugs given by respiratory care practitioners based on mode of action, therapeutic effect, adverse reactions andside effects.

Objective(s):1. Identify dosage forms available, pharmacologic action on the lung, onset, duration, side effects, precautions, pharmaceutical

precautions (i.e. storage requirements), and generic and trade names for parasympatholytic bronchodilators.2. Identify dosage forms available, pharmacologic action on the lung, onset, duration, side effects, precautions, pharmaceutical

precautions (i.e. storage requirements), and generic and trade names for sympathomimetic drugs3. Identify dosage forms available, pharmacologic action, side effects, precautions, pharmaceutical precautions (i.e. storage

requirements), and generic and trade names for mucus controlling drugs.4. Identify dosage forms available, pharmacologic action on the lung, onset, duration, side effects, precautions, pharmaceutical

precautions (i.e. storage requirements), and generic and trade names for surface active agents.5. Identify dosage forms available, pharmacologic action, side effects, precautions, pharmaceutical precautions (i.e. storage

requirements), and generic and trade names for drug categories and types used in the treatment of pulmonary infections(antibiotics, antifungal agents, antituberculosis agents).

6. Identify dosage forms available, pharmacologic action on the lung, side effects, precautions, pharmaceutical precautions (i.e.storage requirements), and generic and trade names for drug categories and types used as anti-inflammatory agents delivered byaerosol administration and their application in clinical settings.

Course Outcome(s):G. Compare drug categories and types used as skeletal muscle relaxants, their applications and clinical uses.

Objective(s):1. Identify the mechanism of action and pharmacodynamics for the nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.2. Identify the mechanism of action and pharmacodynamics for the depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.3. Identify uses of neuromuscular blocking agents that relate to respiratory therapy/anesthesia

Course Outcome(s):H. Compare drug categories and types which both stimulate and depress ventilation, their application and clinical uses.

Objective(s):1. Describe the differences between sedatives and hypnotics2. Identify the mechanism of action for the barbiturates.3. Identify the primary uses of the barbiturates4. Identify the mechanism of action for the minor tranquilizers (benzodiazepines)5. Identify representatives of the minor tranquilizers (benzodiazepines)6. Identify the two major classes of antipsychotic drugs7. Identify the mechanism of action for the neuroleptic agents8. Identify the cardiac and CNS adverse reactions associated with the neuroleptic agents9. Identify the mechanism of action for the antidepressants

10. Identify the cardiac, CNS and neurologic adverse reactions associated with the antidepressants11. Identify the mechanism of action for the narcotic analgesics12. Identify adverse reactions or side effects associated with the narcotic analgesics


13. Identify the commonly used respiratory stimulants14. Identify uses for the respiratory stimulants and whether that use is indicated or not.

Course Outcome(s):I. Compare drug categories and types which directly and indirectly affect cardiovascular function (electrophysiology, hemodynamics)their application and clinical uses.

Objective(s):1. Identify the mechanism of action for the cardiac glycosides and the inotropic and chronotropic effects2. Identify the classes of antiarrhythmic drugs and several agents associated with each type3. Identify the major classes of antihypertensive drugs and several representatives of each class4. Identify the major mechanisms of action for the antihypertensive agents5. Identify the two major drug classifications included in the coronary vasodilators6. Identify the major indications for the coronary vasodilators7. Identify the more common cardiac stimulants and/or vasoconstricting agents8. Identify the more common drugs used in an emergency resuscitation attempt

Methods of Evaluation:1. Quizzes2. Examinations3. Comprehensive test

Course Content Outline:1. Basic terminology

a. Drugsb. Pharmacology

i. pharmacokineticsii. pharmacodynamics

iii. toxicologyiv. therapeuticsv. pharmacogenetics

2. Legislationa. Official publicationsb. Legislation in U.S.A.

3. The naming of drugsa. Chemical nameb. Code namec. Generic named. Official namee. Trade (proprietary) name

4. Sources of drug informationa. United States pharmacopeia, national formularyb. AMA drug evaluationsc. PDR (Physician''s Desk Reference)d. Hospital formulary (ASHP)e. The pharmacist

5. Sources of drugsa. Chemical synthesisb. Animalc. Plantd. Mineral (inorganic)

6. Development of a new druga. Animal studies

i. acute, subacute or chronic toxicitiesii. therapeutic index

iii. pharmacokinetic studiesb. Human studies


i. phase 1 - preliminary pharmacologic evaluationii. phase 2 - basic controlled evaluation for efficacy and safety

iii. phase 3 - extended clinical studies7. Principles of drug action

a. Pharmaceutical phasei. drug form (dosage form)

ii. route of administration1. determining factors

a. systemic or local effectb. desired rate of onset and duration of actionc. stability of a drug in various body fluidsd. convenience vs. safetye. the amount of drug to be given

2. oral route of administrationa. advantagesb. disadvantagesc. dosage forms (or types)

3. parenteral route of administrationa. advantagesb. disadvantagesc. dosage forms (or types)

4. inhalation route of administrationa. advantagesb. disadvantagesc. dosage forms (or types)

5. topical route of administration (mucous membranes)a. advantagesb. disadvantagesc. types:

6. topical route of administration (skin)a. advantagesb. disadvantagesc. dosage forms (or types)

b. Pharmacokinetic phasei. absorption

1. passive - requires no energy expenditure2. active requires energy3. bioavailability

ii. distributioniii. metabolismiv. excretion

1. renal2. liver-biliary excretion3. GI4. lungs5. other

c. Pharmacodynamic phasei. essential concepts

ii. lock-and-key analogy1. drug affinity2. drug efficacy3. agonist4. antagonist

iii. drug interactions1. additive2. synergistic3. potentiation4. antagonism5. partial antagonist


6. cummulation7. tolerance8. tachyphylaxis

iv. therapeutic index8. The prescription

a. Parts of a prescriptionb. Administering a drugc. Abbreviations

9. Calculating drug dosages and math problemsa. The metric system

i. unit of lengthii. unit of volume

iii. unit of weightiv. prefixes

b. The apothecary systemi. unit of length

ii. unit of volumeiii. unit of weight

c. The avoirdupois systemd. Conversion between systems

i. approximate equivalentsii. household equivalents

e. Drug dosage calculationsi. calculating dosages from prepared strength liquids, tablets, or capsules

ii. calculating dosages from percentage-strength solutionsiii. diluents and drug dosage strengths

f. Solutions definitions and termsi. solution

ii. isotonic solutioniii. hypertonic solutioniv. hypotonic solution

10. Organization of the nervous systema. Central nervous system

i. the brainii. spinal cord

b. Peripheral nervous systemi. somatic branches

1. sensory (afferent)2. motor (efferent)

ii. autonomic nervous system1. parasympathetic branch2. sympathetic branch3. effects

c. Neurotransmittersi. acetylcholine

ii. norepinephrined. Autonomic receptors

i. cholinergic1. muscarinic2. nicotinic

ii. adrenergic1. alpha12. alpha23. beta14. beta25. dopaminergic

e. Terminologyi. parasympathomimetic (cholinergic)

ii. parasympatholytic (anticholinergic)


iii. sympathomimetic (adrenergic)iv. sympatholytic (antiadrenergic)

11. Cholinergic receptor stimulantsa. Direct acting cholinergic stimulants

i. representativesii. pharmacokinetics

iii. pharmacologic effectsb. Indirect-acting cholinergic stimulants (anticholinesterases)

i. representativesii. pharmacokinetics

iii. pharmacologic effectsc. Clinical usesd. Adverse effects

12. Cholinergic receptor antagonists (parasympatholytics)a. Muscarinic-blocking drugs

i. representativesii. organ system effects

iii. clinical usesiv. adverse effects

1. central nervous system disorders2. respiratory system disorders3. cardiovascular system disorders

b. Ganglionic blocking drugsi. representatives

ii. cardiovascular system effectsiii. clinical uses

13. Adrenergic receptor-blocking drugs (sympatholytics)a. Representativesb. Alpha-antagonists

i. pharmacologic effectsii. clinical uses

1. cardiovascular system2. respiratory system

c. Beta-agonists (blockers)i. pharmacokinetics differences

ii. pharmacologic effectsiii. clinical applications

1. hypertension2. cardiac arrhythmias3. neurologic diseases

14. Sympathomimetic bronchodilatorsa. Action of bronchodilators

i. pharmacologic effectsii. bronchodilation drugs

b. Structure-activity relationship (catecholamine)c. Desirable characteristics in a bronchodilator

i. half-lifeii. specificity

d. Routes of administrationi. aerosol

1. advantages2. disadvantages

ii. oral1. drugs which are ineffective orally2. disadvantages of the oral route of administration

iii. parenterally1. uses2. disadvantages3. drugs given parenterally

e. Tolerance


i. tachyphylaxisf. Metered dose inhaler delivery problems

i. determination of dose by patientg. Current sympathomimetic bronchodilators

i. strengthii. dose aerosol

iii. pharmacologic effectsiv. onset of actionv. duration

vi. peak effectvii. side effects

viii. precautionsix. storage considerations

15. Parasympatholytic and xanthine bronchodilatorsa. Parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation on bronchial smooth muscle

i. physiologyii. key factors

b. Parasympathetic role in bronchoconstrictioni. non-asthmatic lungs

ii. asthmatic lungsc. Mechanism of action of parasympathetic overstimulation

i. afferent pathwayii. efferent pathway

d. Aerosolized parasympatholyticsi. naturally occuring parasympatholytic agents

ii. pharmacological effects1. bronchioles2. secretions3. heart rate4. pupil

iii. side effects of parasympatholyticsiv. common parasympatholytic drugs

1. aerosol dosages2. peak effects3. duration of effects4. pharmacologic action5. side effects6. xanthine agents

v. common agentsvi. pharmacologic effects

1. central nervous system (CNS)2. skeletal muscle3. bronchioles4. pulmonary vasculature5. smooth muscle6. coronary arteries7. heart rate8. urine output

vii. therapeutic serum concentrationviii. individualized loading dosages

e. Sustained-release productsi. advantages

ii. disadvantagesf. Combination products

i. advantages of combination productsii. disadvantages of combination products

16. Management of bronchial secretions


a. Mucociliary systemi. function

ii. alterations in certain diseasesb. Mucus production

i. mucusii. sol

iii. geliv. mucinv. sputum

c. Factors which slow mucociliary transport ratei. health status of the patient

ii. mechanical alterations of tracheo-bronchial treeiii. drugsiv. pollutants

d. Factors which increase mucociliary transporti. drugs

ii. physiologic factorse. Mucolysis

i. hydration1. systemic hydration2. topical hydration3. increased topical ph4. rupture of disulfide bonding5. proteolytic enzymes6. stimulation of additional secretions

f. Physical properties of mucusi. cohesion

ii. adhesioniii. rheologyiv. viscosityv. elasticity

g. Improving mucus transporti. changes in viscosity

ii. changes in elasticityh. Common mucolytic agents

i. strengthsii. dose (for inhalation)

iii. mechanism of actioniv. side effectsv. physical incompatibilities

vi. storage precautionsi. surface-active agents

i. surface tensionii. mechanism of action

iii. clinical applicationiv. common agents

17. Corticosteroids in respiratory carea. Major pharmacologic effectsb. Physiology of corticosteroid secretionc. Pharmacology of glucocorticoids

i. anti-inflammatory effects1. causes of inflammatory response2. mechanism of inflammatory changes3. mechanism of action of glucocorticoids in preventing inflammatory changes

ii. pharmacologic effects of glucocorticoids1. changed in tissue histamine2. enhanced bronchodilation3. immunosuppression4. blood sugar


5. fluid balance6. blood pressure7. gastrointestinal tract8. bone structure9. cushingoid effect

10. adrenal suppressioniii. danger of excessive exogenous steroids

d. Aerosol vs. systemic therapyi. advantages

ii. disadvantagesiii. limitations

e. Common aerosol drugsi. dosage

ii. duration of actioniii. side effectsiv. clinical uses

18. Allergic asthmaa. chemical mediators of inflammationb. systemic affects of released chemical mediators

i. increased vascular permeabilityii. contraction of smooth muscle

iii. increased mucus secretioniv. vasodilation with edema

c. affects of chemical mediator release in the lungi. bronchospasm

ii. mucus pluggingiii. mucosal exema

d. control of mast cell dischargei. cAMP

ii. cGMPe. Antileukotriene Agents and Monoclonal Antibodies

i. mechanism of actionii. precautions

iii. clinical applicationsiv. dosage formsv. dose

vi. adverse effects19. CNS depressants and respiratory stimulants

a. The central nervous system (CNS)i. basic anatomy

ii. reticular formation1. reticular activating system2. limbic system

iii. extrapyramidal system1. response to drugs2. dose-related3. descending manner

b. Sedatives and hypnoticsi. barbiturates

1. structure-activity relationship2. duration of action3. metabolism4. tolerance mechanism of action5. adverse reactions6. clinical uses7. barbiturate intoxication8. drugs

ii. minor tranquilizers


1. mechanism of action2. adverse reactions3. agents

c. Nonbarbiturate hypnoticsi. mechanism of action

ii. adverse reactionsd. Antipsychotic drugs

i. neuroleptics1. uses2. adverse drug reactions3. common agents

ii. antidepressants1. uses2. adverse reactions3. agents

e. Analgesicsi. pain

1. types2. mechanism of pain3. mechanism of action for analgesics

ii. narcotic analgesics1. uses2. mechanism of action3. adverse reactions/side effects4. overdose5. narcotic antagonists6. agents

iii. non-narcotic analgesics1. uses2. mechanism of action3. adverse reactions4. agents

f. Respiratory stimulantsi. agents

ii. clinical uses20. Neuromuscular blocking agents

a. Physiology of the neuromuscular junctionb. Mechanism(s) of action

i. nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockerii. depolarizing neuromuscular blocker

c. Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockersi. agents

ii. mechanism of actioniii. pharmacodynamics

d. Depolarizing neuromuscular blockersi. agents

ii. mechanism of action1. phase 12. phase 2

iii. pharmacodynamicsiv. sensitivity to succinylcholinev. desensitization (dual) block

e. Clinical pharmacologyi. skeletal muscle paralysis

ii. cardiovascular systemiii. drug interactions

f. Uses of neuromuscular blockers


i. elective intubationii. continuous paralysis (control of ventilation)

iii. treatment of convulsionsg. Specific agents

21. Anti-infective agentsa. Definitions

i. bactericidalii. bacteriostatic

b. Mode of action for anti-infective agentsi. inhibition of cell wall synthesis

ii. inhibition of cell membrane functioniii. inhibition of protein synthesisiv. inhibition of nucleic acid synthesisv. competitive antagonism of some metabolite

c. Clinical aspectsi. broad-spectrum vs. narrow-spectrum

ii. bactericidal vs. bacteriostaticiii. gram-positive organism vs. gram-negative organism vs. anaerobic organismiv. sensitivity testingv. development of resistance

d. Major categories used in respiratory infectionsi. penicillins

1. indications2. adverse reactions3. resistance4. penicillin allergy

ii. cephalosporins1. common agents2. indications3. adverse reactions

iii. aminoglycosides1. agents2. indications

iv. tetracyclines1. common agents2. indications3. adverse reactions

v. sulfonamides1. common agents2. indications3. adverse reactions

vi. miscellaneous agents1. indications2. adverse reactions

e. Antifungal agentsi. common agents

ii. indicationsiii. adverse reactions

f. Antituberculosis drugsi. primary agents

ii. indicationsiii. adverse reactions

g. Antiviral agentsi. indications

ii. mechanism of actionh. Aerosolized antibiotics

i. systemic vs. local effectsii. treatment of gram-negative pulmonary infections


iii. treatment of fungal infectionsiv. hazards of aerosolized antibiotics

22. Cardiovascular agentsa. Categories of major drug groups

i. heart1. cardiac glycosides2. antiarrhythmic agents3. cardiac stimulants

ii. circulatory vessels1. antihypertensive agents2. coronary vasodilators3. pulmonary vasodilators4. vasoconstricting agents

iii. blood (anticoagulants)b. Factors that influence mean arterial pressure

i. cardiac outputii. contractile force

iii. blood volumeiv. venous return

c. Electrophysiology of the hearti. normal electrical pathways

ii. rapid depolarization1. sodium movement2. calcium movement

iii. action potentialiv. absolute refractory periodv. electromechanical dissociation

d. Effects-of cardiac agentsi. terms

1. inotropic2. chronotropic3. preload4. afterload

ii. filling pressures1. right heart2. left heart

e. Cardiac glycosidesi. agents

ii. mechanism of actioniii. effects on the heartiv. usesv. adverse reactions

f. Antiarrhythmic drugsi. mechanism of action

ii. adverse reactionsiii. indications

g. Antihypertensivesi. mechanisms of action

ii. step-care approach to treating hypertensioniii. common agents

h. Coronary vasodilatorsi. indications

ii. agentsiii. agents and doses

i. Vasoconstricting agents/cardiac stimulantsi. indications

ii. agentsj. Drugs used in emergency resuscitation attempts

23. Antithrombotic Agents


a. Clotting processb. Agents

i. Anticoagulantsii. Antiplatelets

iii. Thrombolyticsc. Adverse effects

24. Diureticsa. common agentsb. mechanism of actionc. pharmacokineticsd. usese. adverse reactions

.

.

.

.

ResourcesColbert BJ, Gonzalez III LS, Kennedy BJ. (2019) Integrated Cardiopulmonary Pharmacology, BVT Publishers.

Des Jardins T. (2020) Clinical Manifestations and Assessment of Respiratory Disease, St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

Gardenhiere DS. (2019) Rau's Respiratory Care Pharmacology, St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.

Gardenhiere DS. (2012) Rau's Respiratory Care Pharmacology Workbook, St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.

Cairo JM. (2017) Mosby's Respiratory Care Equipment, St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.

Robert M. Kacmarek, James K. Stoller, Albert Heuer. (2020) Egan's Fundamentals of Respiratory Care, St. Louis: Elsevier.

Top of pageKey: 3980

resp-1340: pharmacology for respiratory care · resp-1340: pharmacology for respiratory care 3 vi....

Documents