resource assessment & management survey manual · papua new guinea reefs are under pressure...

PNG SEASMART PROGRAM

JUNE 2008

Resource Assessment & Management Survey Manual

PNG NFA EcoEZ Inc.

Version Date Modified Lead

Version 1.6 30 Aug 2009 RAM Division

ii PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009

Resource Assessment & Management Survey Manual August 2009 Published by: EcoEZ Inc., SEASMART Prog ram

iii PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009

List of Tables

Acronyms ….……………………………………………… .................................................... v Background …………………………………………. ........................................................... 1 Area Selection and Public Awareness ……………. ........................................................ 3

Rapid Resource Assessement (RRA) ....................................................................... 4

Full Resource Assessement (FRA) ........................................................................... 4 Preparation of the Survey ………………………………. ................................................... 5

Survey Team Selection and Organization ................................................................. 5

RAM Survey Equipment and Materials ...................................................................... 6 Manta Tow Survey (Optional)……………………… ........................................................ 13

Logistics ................................................................................................................... 13

Manta Tow Site Selection ........................................................................................ 17 Belt Transect Survey …………………………………… ................................................... 18

Area Cover and Duration of the Survey ................................................................... 18

Categories of RAM Survey ...................................................................................... 20

Laying Down the Transect Line (100 meters long) .................................................. 21

Naming the Dive Site ............................................................................................... 23

Survey of Aquarium Fish Species ............................................................................ 23

Survey of Aquarium Invertebrates and Corals Species ........................................... 24

Survey on Corals, Zoanthids, Coralliomorpharians and other Polyps for Aquarium 31 Sea Food Survey ………………………………………... ................................................... 33

Fish and Invertebrate Food Survey ......................................................................... 33

Food Fish ................................................................................................................. 33

Other Food Fish ....................................................................................................... 33

Sea Cucumber (Beche de Mer) Survey ................................................................... 34

Other Endangered Species...................................................................................... 36 Data Banking and Analysis……………………. .............................................................. 37

Determining Total Allowable Catch for Aquarium Fish and Invertebrates in a new open area/s. ............................................................................................................. 37

Calculating Total Stock Abundances ....................................................................... 38

Total Allowable Catch (TAC) Based on MAQTRAC calculations. ........................... 38

Marine Aquarium target classifications based on Ecology and their TAC implementation ......................................................................................................... 40

Marine Aquarium Survey Data Storage ……………. .................................................... 46 Equipment Record Maintenance and Inventory……. .................................................. 47

Scientific Diving ........................................................................................................ 47 Bibliography .................................................................................................................... 52 Identification References ……………………………….. ................................................. 53 Appendices ...................................................................................................................... 54

Table of Contents

iv PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009

List of Figures

List of Appendices

Table 1: Types of marine habitat zone with survey equipment used during the RAM Survey .......................................................................... 11

Table 2: Printed data sheets used by observers to record manta tow data ................. 16

Table 3: Type of marine habitat and reef zone with the type of data collected ............ 22

Table 4: List of invertebrates under the trade to be measured ..................................... 24

Table 5: Coral reef health substratum survey categories and code ............................. 27

Table 6: Coral data sheet for coral survey .................................................................... 32

Table 7: Food Fish data sheet ...................................................................................... 34

Table 8: Beche-de-mer data sheet................................................................................ 35

Table 9: List of limited to catch marine aquarium species ............................................ 43

Table 10: RAM inventory equipment................................................................................ 50

Table 11: RAM Equipment Maintenance Records. .......................................................... 50

Figure 1: Type of anchors that will lock up in sand, muddy and rocky substrates. ........ 10

Figure 2: Always anchor at non-living reef structure, such as sand, mud, or rocks/dead corals. Always check the anchor to avoid the damage to corals. ............................................................................................ 10

Figure 3: Observer towed by boat over the reefs ........................................................... 14

Figure 4: Diagrammatic representations of coral cover categories ................................ 15

Figure 5: Sample of dive sites for RRA and FRA. .......................................................... 19

Figure 6: Basic Resource and Management Survey (imaginary tunnel underwater) .... 22

Figure 7: RAM survey dive sites in different habitats and reef zones ............................ 23

Figure 8: Marine non-coral invertebrates to be measured during RAM survey. ............ 24

Appendix 1: Marine Aquarium Species Masterlist ............................................................ 55

Appendix 2: Marine Aquarium Invertebrates List .............................................................. 68

Appendix 3: Marine Aquarium Hard and Soft Corals List traded ...................................... 75

Appendix 4: Dive Site Description Table .......................................................................... 78

Appendix 5: Spreadsheet Sample for inputting invertebrates .......................................... 81

Appendix 6: Spreadsheet sample for transcribing Vertebrates data. ............................... 82

Appendix 7: Marine Aquarium Coral Data Sheets ............................................................ 82

Appendix 8: Spreadsheet sample substrates data sheet ................................................. 84

Appendix 9: Seafoods Data Sheets .................................................................................. 86

Appendix 10: Beche de Mer Data Sheets ......................................................................... 87

Appendix 11: EcoEZ Diving Policy .................................................................................... 88

v PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009

Acronyms ….………………………………………………

RAM Resource Assessment & Management

NFA National Fisheries Authority

MAQTRAC Marine Aquarium Trade Coral Reef Monitoring Protocol

FMA Fishery Management Area

FRA Full Resource Assessment

FMAP Fishery Management Area Plan

GCRMN Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network

GPS Global Positioning System

GIS Geographic Information System

CPUE Catch Per Unit Effort

SSC Site Selection Criteria

1 PNG RAM Survey Manual | AUGUST 2009

Background …………………………………………. Papua New Guinea reefs are under pressure from different anthropogenic factors

including pollutions, over fishing, sedimentations, and other damaging activities

but little is known about the status of the PNG coral reefs. There is little to no

knowledge of the health of thousands of kilometers in PNG reefs. The PNG

National Authority (NFA) and ECOEZ INC. are currently working around the

country aim to achieve knowledge on how to manage the reefs and the same

time the fishermen can have a livelihood like marine aquarium fishing.

This manual was born out of ECOEZ under SEASMART Program with the aim to

continue furthering knowledge about under-researched marine areas for opening

marine aquarium fishing around PNG with developing scientific methods to

monitor and manage coral reef fisheries for fish and invertebrates and to

determine the level of catch could be sustainable. Not only this, it’s included to

monitor the marine foods and Sea Cucumber (Beche de mer) stocks. However,

like any other fisheries in the developing countries, the challenges will lie in

conceptualizing the scientific framework and the reasonable implementation for

such system with the view of long-term sustainability. This manual should be

used in Papua New Guinea only.

The major suppliers of wild-caught marine aquarium fishes and invertebrates are

the Philippines (Albaladejo and Corpuz, 1081,1984; Albaladejo et al., 1984),

Hawaii Taylor, 1974; Katekaru, 1978; van Poollen and Obara, 1984; Anon.,

1988), Caribbean Sea (including Florida), Indonesia (Kvalvagnaes, 1980),

Mexico, Red Sea, Sri Lanka (Senanayake, 1980; Wood, 1985), Mauritius, Kenya

(Samoilys, 1988a), Maldives, Seychelles, Taiwan and the Pacific Region

(Randall, 1987; Lewis, 1988). In the early 1980’s, the import value of marine fish

and invertebrates for the aquarium trade was estimated to be between US$24 to

40 million annually (Wood 1985). But, current estimates import value of marine

aquariums between US$200 and 300 million annually (Chapman et al. 1997;

Larking and Degner 2001).

Chapter 1


Area Selection and Public Awareness ……………. Before a selected area can begin the process towards certification and fishing, a

comprehensive analysis is undertaken to ensure that it meets a set of area

selection criteria. The RAM Survey is undertaken in selected areas

recommended by National Fisheries Authority (NFA) or a Provincial Fisheries. A

Fishery Management Area (FMA) is normally selected if it met the following

criteria:

Interest of local resident fishermen; the indicator will be known after a

public awareness before the survey.

Good species mix (commercially viable) and volume in order to make the

trade feasible;

“Buy-in” of local level government units and fishermen; and

Potential of fishers to adopt a certifiable way (use of nondestructive

methods such as barrier net fishing) of aquarium fishing.

Other relevant information that fall under the last criterion includes:

Operational issues and market linkages;

Stakeholders and other resource users; and

Clan/ownerships, and legal issues.

It is necessary to secure written permits provided by NFA prior to surveys. The

team should present themselves in the community/village and makes awareness

before the surveys.

Gathering of secondary data and subsequent field scoping activities (and

community workshops when deemed necessary) should provide information on

the following:

Area’s fisheries (fishing practices/methods, mean livelihood and, fishing

sites, seasons);

Chapter 2


Locations of habitats; and boundaries of the owned reef by clan.

Characteristics of local fishers (number of fishermen, holidays and days of

no fishing, profiles, events and history of the village), etc.

Information may be collected in interviews with Community/Village leaders, or

owners of the reefs, focus group discussions and actual field observations.

Working with local fishermen will help begin to build trust and to increase the

level of knowledge about fishing practices, fishing sites, inside laws and

regulations and resource management perspective of the fishers and perceived

needs. Data analysis and interpretation must be done carefully and in the context

of the overall fisheries in the area and then presented soon back to the area. The

output from the survey will form the basis for the local Area Profile and Aquarium

Fisheries Management Report to be submitted to the MAP (Management Area

Plan) Committee and NFA representatives.

Rapid Resource Assessement (RRA)

After the NFA (National Fisheries Authority) or Provincial Fisheries suggest and

give a list of village/s to the Country/Programme Director of the company, the

initial desktop analysis should be perform. All EcoEZ Executive Committes and

Management Committes should attend the desktop analysis. After the area/s

were analyzed and pass with the Site Selection Criteria (SSC), a RRA is carried

out. Basically the minimum dive sites to be produced should not be lower in 20-

dive sample in the project area.

Full Resource Assessement (FRA)

After the Rapid Resource Assessment (RRA) conducted, data are analized, TAC

are calculate and presented to the EcoEZ Executive Committes and

Management Committes and later place in the TRADE to monitor catch limits of

the fishers in a certain Fishery Management Area/s (FMA).


Preparation of the Survey ………………………………. Survey Team Selection and Organization

3. 1 Basic Qualifications of Team Members

Planning and preparation in advance of field activities is important prior to

RAM Surveys. The team may consist of 3 persons or more to survey one

site. Gear and equipment should be prepared 3 days before the start of

the surveys. To perform a RAM survey, it is important that qualified

marine biologists, or those who have been trained and have passed

regular examinations given by the chief scientist, are selected to carry out

the survey. Each observer must have species level taxonomic skills and

must be able to identify all key species at a given site either Latin or local

name. Typically, at least one observer each team should specialize in one

of the following areas: aquarium fish, Beche de Mer, food fish, corals,

types of substrates and aquarium invertebrates.

It is recommended that the “skipper” or the boat captain should come from

the village. The boat captain should serve as a guide as he could easily

point out the sites of the surveys as well as the boundaries from other

reefs or villages.

3.2 Species Identification and Field Survey Standardization Process

Team members should undergo a series of species identification

standardization exercises to ensure that all team members have common

identifications of survey organisms. It’s much better to provide 3 or more

latest identification books and reputable website like www.fishbase.org for

fish and www.sealifebase.org for invertebrates to insure the correct

spelling and distribution of species by country. For the fish specialist,

underwater size estimation exercises should be conducted to help him/her

Chapter 3


identify and correct any size estimate bias. In these exercises, fish and

invertebrate models should be randomly deployed in a shallow reef area

where survey scientists subsequently swim about and estimate sizes. If

the observer passes all the tests given by the chief scientist, then his/her

data may be used. It is also suggested that the chief scientist should

compare notes right after the dive to insure all data were done properly.

A team leader will be responsible for the overall planning and

management of the surveys. He/she should make sure that members

have specific tasks for equipment preparation and taxonomic assignments

during data fishing; that dive safety procedures are followed during

underwater surveys; and that data are collated after the survey.

RAM Survey Equipment and Materials

RAM Survey Team

Navigational Map is important to

provide information on dive depths

and habitat distribution (corals, sand,

sea grass). Another alternative is the

google map.

SCUBA Gear consisting of

compressed air cylindrical tank, dive

mask with snorkel, wetsuit, and

booties, weight with belt, hood

(optional) and fins.


Snorkeling Gear consisting of wetsuit, mask with

snorkel, booties fins and weights.

Dive Watch used to record the time in the

beginning til the end of the survey.

GPS (Global Positioning System) is provided to

record all the RAM survey sites.

Shaker or tank banger to get attention of the dive

buddies, and aid in communicating underwater.

Torch or flashlights, used for night dives and

lighting the crevices and dark areas during the dive

survey.

Mobile phone/2-way Radio is provided in case of

emergency and communication.

Still Camera, pictures and videos are taken during

every survey. This will be useful to tell the

conditions of the coral reefs and sites, which would

be helpful and effective in showing the state of


resources during presentations to the local community. This may also

provide useful information for future comparison and reports.

Waterproof sunscreen or sun block to

protect from sunburn.

Transect line is either a long fabric fiber

measuring and guide tape with grid

meter indications that you can purchase

in a hardware store or an improvised

rope rope with mark or sign in every half

meter. Transect line serve as a long ruler

to indicate the distance of substrates,

non-coral invertebrates and vertebrate’s

along the transect tunnel.

Underwater slates with pencil are used as

an underwater paper to log and jot down

all the organisms and substatrates

observed. All different types of specialty

such as vertebrates, non-coral

invertebrates, coral invertebrates,

substrates, foodfish, and Beche de Mer

have separate underwater slates.

Dry bag is important equipment for RAM

survey, this will be the storage for GPS,

communication equipments, dry clothes,

and a good floating device for

emergency purposes.

Tools and spares, e.g. O-ring, multi-tools.

First Aid Kit is provided and checked before the survey is conducted. It is

recommended to have the following: pain reliever, eye drops, bandage

strips, bandages, alcohol, spirit of ammonia, iodine solution, burn and


anti-bacterial ointments, cotton, aspirin,

antacid, anti-histamine, scissors, clean

drinking water etc.

Skipper and Dive Boat

Always bring drinking water in the boat.

Proper rope, anchor and buoys.

Always check boat engine before leave.

Check if there is enough fuel for the duration of dive.

Always bring tools and boat spare parts.

Torch/flashlights for night navigation.

Boat shed to protect divers from direct sun exposure.

Garbage bin for the rubbish and junk.

GUIDELINES FOR ANCHORING

1. Before leaving, check boat equipments, tools, drinking water, and

specially anchor.

2. All dinghy boats must be equipped with at least 20m ropes and a plow

anchor.

3. The ideal anchor should have a durable metal, aluminum, or stainless

steel hook type. Do not use rounded metal, rock, or scrap metal. This will

not anchor in the sand or mud substratum.

4. It is best to have a secondary anchor with 20m ropes as extra in case of

an emergency. This can be use to reinforce the main anchor for boat

stability in anchorage.


Figure 1: Type of anchors that will lock up in sand, muddy and rocky substrates.

5. The best anchoring depth is between 4-8 meters, always anchor in the

sand or muddy areas.

Figure 2: Always anchor at non-living reef structure, such as sand, mud, or rocks/dead corals. Always check the anchor to avoid the damage to corals.

6. Never anchor on coral. Your ground tackle will damage the corals; the

anchor will most likely get fouled.


7. Always approach your intended anchoring spot against the wind or tide

whichever is the strongest.

8. Approach the anchorage slowly (less than 3 knots), with the dinghy tied

alongside and short. Ensure that the rope is not in the water and that the

anchor is ready to be dropped. Have a crewmember at the aft looking for

any reef.

9. Here are a few tips to confirm that your anchor has taken:

Check any vibration on your chain by physically feeling it. If the chain

is vibrating after it is completely stretched out, then your boat is most

likely dragging anchor, slacken the rope to enable your anchor to dig

in properly. If it is still dragging re-anchor.

Once you turn off your engine you can take a bearing on a fixed object

from your bow and 90 degrees from that point or from your beam.

Check periodically if these two bearings maintain a 90-degree angle to

ensure time and again that the anchor is not dragging.

*Always remember, “safety first” plan the dive and never go out in rough

seas. If the current is strong, abort the dive.

Table 1: Types of marine habitat zone with survey equipment used during the RAM Survey

Types of Marine Habitat

Survey Equipment

Inter-tidal Zone or Beach

Reef Shallow/Flat Depth (2-4 meters)

Coral Reefs Depth/Reef slope (5-10

meters) Sandy Mud Rocky Seagrass

Transect line (100 meters long)

Underwater Slates with pencil

SCUBA Gear NA NA NA NA NA

Snorkeling Gear

NA

Poker/Rod with hook

NA


Types of Marine Habitat

Survey Equipment

Inter-tidal Zone or Beach

Reef Shallow/Flat Depth (2-4 meters)

Coral Reefs Depth/Reef slope (5-10

meters) Sandy Mud Rocky Seagrass

Rubber Glooves

NA

Torch


Manta Tow Survey (Optional)………………………

This process is optional. It is not necessary to conduct manta tows if a village

representative or the boat captain is familiar with the dive sites and habitat or

reefs.

Manta tows (English et al. 1997) are used to assess broad or large portion of the

reefs. It enables visual assessment of large areas of reef within a short time and it

is perform for determining and selecting sites that are representative of different

habitat types such as sea grass, sand, muddy bottom and coral reef.

The manta tow involves towing an observer, using a rope and manta board

(made-up of marine plywood), behind a small boat and towed at low speed

(approx. 2knots) with 3 minutes each tow. During the process, one scientist will

record the GPS, time and record the readings in the boat. The method is not

suitable for areas with poor visibility (less than 6 meters)

Logistics

Personnel

Manta tow surveys conducted by teams of 1 or more pairs of trained marine

biologist. The duties of the team are divided between the boat driver and the

observer. Periodically each tow the scientist in the boat will signal and stop

the boat and get the reading of the tow from the observer.

Each series of manta tow is coordinated by a team leader who is responsible

for the safety of personnel and for ensuring that the technique is conducted

proper way.

Chapter 4


Equipment

Small boat with an outboard motor is used for towing observers.

A 15 meters rope connects the manta board to the boat (Fig. 1)

Manta board is 24 X 14 X 0.5 in. (length X breadth X thickness). It is

recommended that the board be made from marine ply.

The data sheets or observer record a set of biological variables and other

significant observations. (Table. 2)

Diagrammatic representations of coral cover categories are attached to

the board for observer reference (Fig. 2).

A pencil(s) is attached with light twine to the board.

The observer wears snorkeling equipment (mask, snorkel, and fins) and

for safety purposes a full-length dive suit and wear hood to avoid stings

and jellyfish.

Dive watch for timing the duration of tows.

Figure 3: Observer towed by boat over the reefs


Figure 4: Diagrammatic representations of coral cover categories


Table 2: Printed data sheets used by observers to record manta tow data

PNG MANTA TOW DATA SHEETS

Province:

Reef Name: Sample ID: Date:

Time: Climate: Observer:

Tow No. Live Coral Cover GPS (Southing,

Easting) Remarks

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

…..

…..


Manta Tow Site Selection

Before the survey is executed, the sites should be refered to an aerial map or

navigational map in order to have a reference of the area. Orient and discuss with

the skipper the dive sites and location of the reefs. The reefs will be surveyed by

manta tow if the skipper does not know the reefs.

Whole reef perimeters are surveyed where possible. Shoals and ill-defined areas

of reef, separated by deeper water, are not usually surveyed. Tows are carried

out from an easily identifiable point on the reef. This is particularly important when

resurvey of the reef is intended. A site would be marked by GPS for relocating

sites for the next survey. If there are two teams conducting the survey, the teams

should start from the same point and then proceed in opposite directions. Tows

are continued until the boats meet again. If it is not possible to complete a survey

in a single set of consecutive tows, marker buoys are left to denote where the

next set of tows will begin.


Belt Transect Survey ……………………………………

Two steps of Resource Assessment and Management (RAM)

Surveys.

Step 1. Rapid Resource Assessement (RRA) = Spot survey by using

line transect line to obtain a broad qualitative picture of large areas in a

certain FMA on the selected dive sites with a total of 20 dives sites

sample from different macrohabitat should be survey.

Step 2. Full Resource Assessment Survey (FRA) = A thorough survey

using a line transect on all fishing reefs inside the respective boundary in

a FMA. Transects line must be laid systematically and objectively,

generally parallel to the reef edge, or stratified according to local habitat

features.

Area Cover and Duration of the Survey

Before each dive, the chief scientist must carry out an orientation and discussion

regarding the dive sites, climate, condition and safety procedures for the benefit

of the survey team and the boat captain.

The duration of the survey would depend the size of the reefs on a certain

boundary of the area. If possible, it is suggested that 20 percent of the total reef

area should be surveyed. In Rapid Resource Assessment (RRA), minimum dive

sites to be produced should not be lower in 20-dive sample in the project area.

A navigational map or a GIS map image is provided so that it will plan and identify

the dive site areas. It is highly recommended to survey and select sites that are

representative of different habitat types such as sea grass, sand, muddy bottom,

Chapter 5


rocky and coral reef. The survey should be conducted during diurnal and

nocturnal time. The purpose of this diurnal and nocturnal survey is to find at least

all aquarium species that are active both day and night.

Figure 5: Sample of dive sites for RRA and FRA.


Categories of RAM Survey

5.A Diurnal survey is conducted any time from 8:00 in the morning until

4:00 in the afternoon.

5.B Nocturnal survey is conducted in two ways; but this is not

applicable in Rapid Resource Assessment (RRA) survey.

5.B1. Early in the morning and late afternoon, this starts at 5:00 –

7:00 in the morning and 4:00 – 6:00 in the afternoon.

5.B2. Night Dive survey starts at 7:00 till 10:00 in the evening.

Before the survey start 1) Prepare datasheets (record the names of the Team Leader, Team

Scientist andTeam Members, as well as the date, site name and depth on

all data sheets and start to complete the Site Description Form to include

recording the Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates of your survey

site.

2) Prepare all necessary equipment.

1. Assign team members to survey tasks

There are many acceptable ways to divide up the survey tasks depending on the

skills of the team members and team size. Some team members will feel more

comfortable recording vertebrates (fish) or invertebrates, and others corals and

foodfish and Beche de Mer. Because each team will be different, the data

collection strategy should be adjusted to match the ability and experience of each

team member. The best quality data will be obtained by allowing an experienced

Team Leader or Team Scientist to assign tasks appropriate for each team

member. The Team Leader/Team Scientist must ensure that every team member

understands their assignment and is capable of carrying it out properly. It is

recommended to pairing up experienced survey officer with those with less

experience.

2. Prepare data sheets Prepare the data sheets and ensure that you have sufficient slates for all team

members. The number of slates and sheets will depend on the number of people

in each team. Every surveyor should have underwater slates to complete his or

her portion of the survey. Remember, for each site, you will need two (2)


complete sets of the opposite Belt Transect line at same depths. Only one Site

Description Form is needed.

3. Prepare all necessary equipment Prepare and distribute all equipment used during a RAM survey as follows:

GPS or nautical chart to mark position of survey.

Transect Lines: Recommend using a 100 m fiberglass measuring tape

with a hand crank. Alternatively, you can easily make a transect line by

placing meter marks on plastic rope using colored wire or tags.

Underwater Slates with pencil attached: Teams may use underwater

slate/s. These may be pre-printed with the required template using a

permanent felt pen (slates) or laser printer.

Plumb Line: String (1.5-2 m) with a small weight (e.g. fishing sinker) for

the Substrate Survey. Note that a standard builder’s plumb “bob” (weight)

is larger and heavier than needed.

Safety Gear: Dive flag, sunscreen, a First Aid kit, and plenty of water.

Laying Down the Transect Line (100 meters long)

Before each survey, the site should be mark by GPS for reference purposes.

Marking each site by GPS would also make it easy to locate the next dive site for

the next survey. It is usually convenient that the fish observer lay’s the transect

line while counting and identifying fish and recording the data using the stop-

swim method to avoid disturbing the fish while recording data. Seconded by the

inverts observer and, Beche de mer, substrates and corals observer. While the

last observer collects the transect line (always observed dive buddy system). The

transect line should be laid parallel to the shoreline and as close to the coral reef

substratum as possible. It must follow the coral reef contour and as much as

possible at uniform depth. When the reef forms spurs-and-grooves, transect line

should follow the contour as long as the path of the transect line does not

overlap. Otherwise, it can run down the spurs. The belt transect surveys should

be laid in all surveys type of substrates (reef, mud, seagrass, sand) to get the

area cover of all sites for analysis purposes. Belts transect line survey covers 100

m long, 5 m wide (2.5 m on each side) and 5 m above the line (fig. 3) all

aquarium invertebrates, fish, corals, substrates and all seafood’s, sea cucumber

are identifies and counted. Beach, shallow reefs (3-5 meters), reef crest (6-10

meters) or in a flat reefs are the reef zone to be surveyed (fig. 4). At the depth of

16 to 30 meters, a free surveys would be done like time swim (6 minutes)


and identifying and counting some key species only of fish, inverts, beche de

mer, seafoods, corals. In laying a transect line it is advisable to laid a transect line

once in a separated reefs or a small reefs (120-200 meters)

Table 3:Type of marine habitat and reef zone with the type of data collected

Types of coral reef resources surveyed

Reef Zone

Aquarium Fish

Aquarium Invertebrates

Sea foods

Type of Substrates

Corals Beche-me-der

Shore (>1M)

N/A N/A N/A

Shallow (2-5 m)

Were necessary

Reef Crest/ Flat (6-15 m)

Depth (<16 M)

X X X X X X

Figure 6: Basic Resource and Management Survey (imaginary tunnel underwater)


Figure 7: RAM survey dive sites in different habitats and reef zones

Naming the Dive Site

Site description should be filled-up before each survey, take notes on the

coordinates (GPS) to mark the positions of the dive site. Labeling the reefs name

is important. The proper way to label each site is “the full name of the reef+site

number and team_type of the reefs+replicate/s (e.g. DaugoIsland1A_SH1).

Survey of Aquarium Fish Species

The observer swims slowly along the transect line first, stopping at regular

intervals to count fishes and allow cryptic species to come out of hiding. Size and

abundance of each species on the survey are recorded.

When a school of fish exceeds 50 individuals, an imaginary quadrant over the

school will be used. Count the abundance of fish in that section and then scale up

the count accordingly. Estimate size from the tip of the caudal fin (tail) to the tip of

the snout (total length) to the nearest centimeter. Count first the fast and easy to


hide fish, before the slow moving and stand still fishes.

Survey of Aquarium Invertebrates and Corals Species

After the transect line is laid, the second observer slowly swims along the

transect line. All possible marine aquarium species within the 2.5 meters of both

side of the line should be recorded and counted. Organisms are counted and/or

sized in centimeters within these dimensions of the survey.

Table 4: List of invertebrates under the trade to be measured

All anemones

Some species of Sea stars (Linkia spp, Choriaster spp, Culcita spp, Echinaster spp, Gomophia spp, Protoreaster spp)

All Sea Cucumbers

All Hard and Soft Corals

Figure 8: Marine non-coral invertebrates to be measured during RAM survey.

5.1 Inter-Tidal and Beach Survey

Inter-tidal or in beach surveys are used to survey marine aquarium invertebrates

and mostly clown fishes. It is part of the reef where an observer can walk along

the beach or can snorkel from a 1meter depth. A transect line (100 meters) will be

deployed to get the survey area covered. All aquarium invertebrates that are

inside the 2.5 meters in each side of the transect line are counted and identified.

The transect line is divided into four segments that are used as statistical


replicates. Replicates extend over the following lengths of the transect line: 0-20

m, 25-45 m, 50-70 m and 75-95m.

Logistics

Transect lines will be laid and if possible 2 transect lines laid in every

kilometer of the area. This method will be used for further analysis of the

data.

The surveyor should wear booties to avoid any danger/puncture from

dangerous animals or broken glass/bottles, nails etc.

Underwater slates are used to write the data gathered. Rocks will be

checked to find hiding invertebrates and sea cucumber.

5.2 Reef Flat or Shallow Zone Survey

Reef flat zone of marine ecosystems mostly consist of mixed sand, corals, rocks

coral rubble zone. It is sometimes muddy when it is near a river or mangroves

forest area. Mostly, sea grass grows in the depth of 1 to 4 meters deep. A

number of aquarium plants and animals, including fishes, sponges, marine

worms, crustaceans, seashells, sea stars, holothurians, and nudibranchs/sea

slugs are abundant in this area.

In this zone, snorkeling survey are carried out to gather data in a depth of 2-4

meters. A belt transect line are laid to get the 100 meters in one total survey area

cover. All marine aquarium fish and invertebrates are counted, identified and

measured within 2.5 meters at both side of the transect line.

When a school of fish exceeds 50 individuals, practice visually superimposing an

imaginary quadrant over the school.

5.3 Reef Crest Survey


Belt transect line are used to survey aquarium fish and invertebrates in this

habitat at the depth of 5 to 10 meters depth. A substrate data point should be

gathered in every .05 meters along the transect lines.

Team members are advised to estimate the width using their extended arm

lengths from the transect line during field exercises.

A survey site in a kilometer of reef front should have get a dive sample belts

transect surveys: one in 5-7 m depth and another in 8-10 m depth. For wide reefs

(>100 m wide), two parallel belt transects are recommended for every 100 m

increment of coral reef.

Logistics

Transect lines will be laid and if possible 2 transect lines laid in every

kilometer of the area. This method will be used for further analysis of the

data.

The scientist should use SCUBA gear to conduct surveys.

Underwater Slates is used to write the data gathered.

5.4 Substrate Survey

The goal of the substrate survey is to determine the health of the coral reef based

from the cover data. For this purpose, each transect line will be point-sampled at

0.5 m intervals. To reduce bias, it is useful to carry a 5-mm diameter nut or other

small metal object tied onto a 3-m cotton or nylon string for use as a "plumb-line."

The substrate type is recorded at 0.5 m intervals along the line, i.e., at: 0.0 m, 0.5

m, 1.0 m, 1.5 m etc. up to 19.5 m (40 data points for every 20-m transect

segment). The observer should stop at every 0.5 m and record the substrate at

that point. (0.0 m, 0.5 m, 1.0 m, 1.5 m, etc… 19.5 m). The use of the plumb line

prevents parallax error of surveyors who are swimming above the substrate.

Plumb lines are useful in cases where the transect line is hanging above the

substratum and swinging back and forth with the surge. Dropping the plumb line

at the designated mark eliminates any choice in where to measure. See Table 5


for substrate category abbreviations below.

Table 5: Coral reef health substratum survey categories and code

Abbreviation Substratum Category

H C Hard Coral

S C Soft Bodied Coral

S G Seagrass

R K C Recently killed coral

A L Algae

S P Sponges

R C Rock

R B Rubble


Abbreviation Substratum Category

S D Sand

S I Silt

O T Others (Sessile organisms and non living substrata)

Category Guidelines for Determining Substratum Types: (Note that these are

practical definitions and not geotechnical ones.)

Hard coral: include fire coral (Millepora), blue coral (Heliopora) and organ

pipe coral (Tubipora) as well as all types of “reef builders”.

Soft coral: include zoanthids, but not sea anemones (which is under

"others”).

Seagrass: all species of seagrass, not to be confused with algae.

Recently killed coral: record coral that has died within the past year. The

coral may be standing or broken into pieces, but appears recently killed.

(Coral is white, structurally intact, only partially overgrown by algal turf,

etc.) This will be particularly important in detecting the possible impacts of

cyanide and the evidence of dynamite use.

Algae: do not include coralline or turf algae in this category.

Sponge: all sponges (but no tunicates) are included.

Rock: any hard substratum whether it is covered in algae (turf or

encrusting coralline), barnacles, oysters or other organisms is placed in

this category. Rock will also include dead coral that is more than about 1

year old, i.e., worn down so that few coral structures are visible, and

covered with a thick layer of encrusting organisms and/or algae.


Rubble: includes rocks (often laying over sand) between 0.5 and 15 cm

diameter. If it is larger than 15 cm, it is rock; if smaller than 0.5 cm, then it

is considered as sand.

Sand: smaller than 0.5 cm and falls quickly to the bottom after being re-

suspended.

Silt/clay: sediment that remains in suspension if disturbed.

Others: any other sessile organism including sea anemones (which are

also included in the invertebrate belt), tunicates, gorgonians or nonliving

substrata.

5.5 Night Surveys

The goal of night survey is to find the nocturnal species under the aquarium

trade. This methodology could be quite dangerous other scientists do not

recommend night surveys. For this circumstance, night surveys are suggested in

order to get a census of available species. At least 6-10 night dives should be

carried out in a certain area along the survey timeline duration. Night dives should

be executed during calm conditions of the sea.

Logistics:

GPS to mark the position of the dive sites.

Complete dive gear and preferably all divers would wear hoods.

All divers should have a torch or flashlight with new batteries. Each diver

should also have a secondary torch.

Transect Line: A 100-meter fiberglass measuring tape.

Underwater Slates with pencil and spare.

Buoys and plumb line with torch lowered under water as a light guide of

divers back to the boat.

Whistle attach to the BCD.

Tank banger/Shaker

First Aid Kit

Communication (radio, moblile phone), establish a contact line with an in

land base personnel just in case of emergency.

Fresh cloths and warm towels.

Tool box


Following activities and safety procedure during Night Dive Survey.

A. Before the Dive:

a. Be sure the boat has enough fuel for the destination dive site/s. Having

extra fuel is also recommended.

b. Check all gear and equipment before jumping in the water.

c. Lower the underwater guide lights at the bottom of the boat.

d. There should always a standby diver in the boat.

e. Mark the dive site with GPS.

f. If the current is strong abort the dive and transfer to protected or inner

reefs.

B. During the Dive:

a. Secure boat in the target reef or site by anchoring.

b. Check all gear before the dive (checklist).

c. Dive buddy system is strictly implemented. Check your dive buddy

regularly.

d. Fish observers must first do one at each side of the transect line due to

limited vision and lay the transect line while counting and identifying the

nocturnal fish.

e. Followed by invertebrates’ observers.

f. All night active marine aquarium fish and invertebrates species should be

identify and counted only.

g. Avoid touching anything to avoid accidents. Beware of dangerous sea

creatures such as eels which are very aggressive at night and other

nocturnal feeders, sea snakes (they are attracted to lights) jelly fishes,

shark, stonefish etc. Be watchful but don’t panic, turn off the torch and

move 3-4 meter away.

h. Swim 2 meters adjacent to your buddy and maintain that distance, both

must always be within the sight of each other until the dive is finished.

i. You must always be aware of your position in relation to where the boat is

anchored so returning to the boat would not be very difficult especially in

emergency situations.

j. Always control buoyancy. Don’t panic, stay relaxed and maintain normal

breathing.


C. After the Dive:

a. Check your dive buddy and ascend together.

b. Once the diver is on the boat, immediately change to warm dry clothing.

c. Check all equipments, data sheets, dive buddies before leave the dive

sites.

Survey on Corals, Zoanthids, Coralliomorpharians and other Polyps for Aquarium

Approximately 500 species of corals are known from Indo-Pacific to the richest

area is centered around Australia, Indonesia and including Papua New Guinea

where about 70 percent of the species are found. So, in this manual all corals

under the coral trade are surveyed to gather information on the species

availability and population, around PNG seawaters.

During the survey, corals will also be assisted. All possible corals for the market

are counted and measured.

The imaginary quadrant method for clumped corals such as Goniopora, Diaceris,

Polyphyllia and Fungia are used. (Use body length as a tool to visually

superimpose imaginary quadrats with a maximum size of 2.5 by 2.5 m,

depending on area coverage of both side of the transect line.) Count and size

normally when they are not clumped. Measure the length along the longest

aspect of the corals.

Record the abundance in the size classes: ≤ 5 cm, 6-15 cm, 16-25 cm, 26-50 cm

and more than 50 cm. (These are the size categories used in the trade.).


Table 6: Coral data sheet for coral survey

Names of Corals, Zoanthids &

Polyps Size Class Counts Remarks

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Legends:

5 cm = A 16-25 = C 50 above = E

6-16 cm = B 26-50 = D


Sea Food Survey ………………………………………...

Fish and Invertebrate Food Survey

During transect surveys, divers swim throughout a dive site and record all

observed fish species that can be positively identified. All seafood’s are listed in a

sheet form and only the counts are recorded. The goal is to have an idea of the

status of the reefs species for food.

Food Fish

Surgeon fishes, Rabbit fishes, sweet lips, eels, grouper, trevallies, snapper,

fusiliers, emperor fishes, goatfishes, parrot fishes, surgeonfish, triggerfish and

other fish for food. The search for fish begins as soon as the observer lays a

transect line during the gathering of the marine aquarium species.

Other Food Fish

All seafood’s that are under local PNG people diets are surveyed such as

lobsters, squids, cuttlefish, crabs, octopuses, shells and other seafood’s are

recorded and identified also for future reference and data analysis. All seafood

are identified and counted also.

Chapter 6


Table 7: Food Fish data sheet

Province: Reef Name: Date:


Transect Orientation:

Name of Food Fish Count

Name of Other

Seafood’s (Lobsters,

Cuttlefish, Octopus)

Count

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

7 7

8 8

9 9

10 10

Remarks:

Sea Cucumber (Beche de Mer) Survey

Sea cucumbers are found beneath rocks, sandy bottoms, everywhere from the

inter-tidal zone to the deepest parts of the ocean. Sea cucumber or beche-de-

mer is one of the main livelihoods of the fishermen around PNG. But due to the

abundance these organisms are easily collected. Although reproduction is very

slow, harvesting of sea cucumbers are unlimited due mainly to its economical

value. Often price is a powerful drive to overexploitation. On the other hand, the

economic importance of targeted beche-de-mer is also an incentive to develop

management strategies to make fishing sustainable especially when properly

explained to local stakeholders.


Gathering of data are done alongside the survey of marine aquarium fish and

invertebrates. All species of sea cucumber are counted and identified. All sea

cucumbers are measured at the dorsal vertically from mouth to the anus. Habitats

of the sea cucumber are also recorded.

Table 8: Beche-de-mer data sheet

Name of Reefs:__________________________

Date:__________________________________ Observer: ______________________________

Climate:_______________ Transect Orientation: _____ GPS: ________________

Transect Line No. _______________

List of Species Counts Size Type of Habitats

1 Amberfish (Thelenota anax)

2 Black Teatfish (Holothuria nobilis)

3 Blackfish (Actinopyga miliaris)

4 Brown Sandfish (Bohadschia vitiensis)

5 Chalkfish (Bohadschia similis)

6 Curryfish (Stichopus hermanni)

7 Deep-water Redfish (Actinopyga echinites)

8 Dragonfish (Stichopus horrens)

9 Elephant Trunkfish (Holothuria fuscopunctata)

10 Flowerfish (Pearsonothuria graeffei)

11 Greenfish (Stichopus chloronotus)

12 Lollyfish (Holothuria atra)

13 Pinkfish (Holothuria edulis)

14 Frickly Redfish (Thelenota ananas)

15 Sandfish (Holothuria scabra)

16 Snakefish (Holothuria coluber)

17 Stonefish (Actinopyga lecanora)

18 Surf Redfish (Actinopyga mauritiana)

19 Tigerfish (Bohadschia argus)

20 White Teatfish (Holothuria fuscogiva)

21 Papillate Sea Cucumber (Holothuria hilla)

22 (Holothuria noctivagus)

23 Black-fringed Sea Cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota)

24 Red-lined Sea Cucumber (Thelenota rubralineata)

25 (Holothuria erinacae)


Other Endangered Species Any species of sea turtles, sharks, sea cow/Manatees, Giant Clams, and other

endangered species listed in CITES seen during the survey should also be

recorded and identified for future references and analysis.


Data Banking and Analysis…………………….

Each team member should quickly transcribe the data into a notebook before it is

transcribed in a computer. All data should be entered into a database or

spreadsheet format. A TAC (Total Allowable Catch) will be produced in every

area or by reef owned clan/family. All areas will be surveyed once a year in

different different seasons (starts of winter and summer) to find-out the spawning

period and new coming recruits. After 3-4 years of successive surveys a

permanent TAC will produce.

The total allowable catch (TAC) is the number of organisms of a certain species

that can be harvested in a body of water that still allows that species’ population

to be viable. If fishing of this particular species does not go beyond the TAC

figure, then the species is being collected in a sustainable manner and it would

continue to provide steady income to the fishers.

Determining Total Allowable Catch for Aquarium Fish and Invertebrates in a new open area/s.

The total allowable catch is a portion of a targeted species’ standing

stocks/population or a level of harvest that is deemed sustainable to harvest.

Fishery models in combination with available catch records are used to estimate

a portion of population or a level of fishing that can be sustainably harvested. On

the other hand, fishing limits for aquarium invertebrates are set at 20%of local

stock until the availability of enough size class data for natural mortality analyses

of which FiSAT will be use to calculate the relative-yield-per-recruit analysis. .

Chapter 7


Calculating Total Stock Abundances The abundances of aquarium stocks in an area were estimated based on

average densities, standard deviation, 95% confidence interval and the coral reef

area. The coral reef areas are estimated from GIS satellite maps and available

navigational maps. Obvious species that lived in a specific habitat or substrate,

the size on coral reef area has to calculate separately to produce a separate

TAC.

Total Allowable Catch (TAC) Based on MAQTRAC calculations. It is one of the key management interventions in the area management plan.

Catch limits, as a management tool is deemed appropriate in the NFA/ECOEZ

certification program with the order system being implemented. In this system,

only species ordered by exporters are fished. This is to avoid wastage of

unwanted species.

Fishing limits for fish are determined from the estimates of natural mortality rates.

These natural mortality rates (M) are used to estimate total allowable catch as

suggested by various fisheries literature for these species. Natural mortality rates

are calculated using Pauly’s empirical equation using data on growth rates (k),

length infinity (L∞) and water temperature from various species with adequate

size class data. As much as possible, estimates are determined for various

species representing different families. These estimates are later applied for

other species in the same families and/or ecologically similar species.

On the other hand, fishing limits for aquarium invertebrates were set at 20% of

local stock until the availability of enough size class data for natural mortality

analyses.

In both fish and invertebrate aquariums, the fishings limits are indicated as

ranges (from average density and 95% confidence interval) given the variability of

stock abundance estimates. In the other hand, aquarium species that has no

TAC will be use the 20% of the standing TAC of the nearby project site. This

entire species should be noted for the next year re-survey. And the survey team

should be set as a priority to find all species that have no TAC in their natural


habitat to identify and documented.

Yield-per-recruit analysis

Population parameters (growth, mortality and relative yield-per-recruit estimation)

were derived for various species that had representative (recruits, juveniles and

adults of ideally 150 to 200 individuals) size class data using FiSAT software.

(The FiSat software can be downloaded free of charge from the website

http://www.fao.org/fi/statist/fisoft/fisat/downloads.htm. Length-at-first capture data

(the smallest size of the species collected in the trade) was obtained from catch

records of fishermen. The latter data is important in relative-yield-per-recruit

analysis.

The following is a guideline in natural mortality estimation and relative yield-per-

recruit analysis for fish and invertebrates (except corals) using FiSat software:

1. Use size class data that range from recruits to adults and ideally with a

total of 150-200 individuals.

2. Group size data into classes. We recommend 1 cm groupings for

damselfishes and other fishes that have a maximum size around 5 to 6 cm; 2

to 3 cm groupings for anemonefishes; 3 to 4 cm groupings for butterflyfishes

and other fishes that have maximum size from 15 to 20 cm; and 5 cm

groupings for the bigger angelfishes (e.g. Chaetodontoplus mesoleucus) and

other fishes with maximum size more than 20 cm. (Encode data in the

necessary query in FiSat.);

3. To estimate the growth coefficient k and L-infinity, go to (a) Assess query;

(b) to Direct fit of length frequency data; (c) to ELEFAN 1; and then (d) k

scan;

4. To estimate total mortality rate (Z), go to (a) Assess; then to (b) Mortality

Estimation; then to (c) Z from steady-state sample; then to (d) Length

converted catch curve; and then to (e) Catch Curve;

http://www.fao.org/fi/statist/fisoft/fisat/downloads.htm


5. To estimate natural mortality rate (M), go to (a) Assess; then to (b)

Mortality Estimation; then to (c) Natural Mortality; and then to (d) Pauly’s M

equation. Use 280C for temperature in tropical situations. The inverse of this

natural mortality M is a provisional catch limit expressed as % of the standing

stock.

For a fishery with historical catch records proceed to yield-per-recruit

analysis:

6. Calculate separately the ratio of M/k and lc/L-infinity. The number lc is the

smallest size collected for that species in the ornamental trade.

7. To do relative yield-per-recruit analysis, go to (a) Assess; then to (b)

Beverton-Holt Y/R Analysis; then to (c) Knife-edge; and then (d) fill-in the

value M/k and lc/L-infinity.

8. Note the reference points E10, E50 and Emax.

Marine Aquarium target classifications based on Ecology and their TAC implementation

7.2A Targeted Aquarium Species List (TASL)

The species under this list are collected. This list includes all species

under the demand and currently traded species on aquarium trade.

Classes of Targeted Aquarium Species List (TASL)

1. Class A = High-end species, and Endemic/localized species of

the country and most demand species in the trade

2. Class B = “Bread and butter species” or the common species

on the aquarium trade.

3. Class C = New introduce species in the aquarium trade

7.2B Banned Species List (BSL)

The species under this list are prohibited to collect. This list includes

all species under Convention on the International Trade in

Endangered Species (CITES) list and species under Red-list in


Papua New Guinea. This is also the local prohibited species in area

and banned species by NFA.

All Sea Horses Species (Hippocampus)

All Giant Clams Species (Tridacnids)

Hemiscyllium strahani (Hooded Epaulette Shark)

All Sea Cucumber (by Season)

7.2C Unsuitable Species List (USL)

The species of marine aquarium that would not survive in captivity,

and therefore it is recommended that they should not be fished. From

a scientific perspective, the USL should include species that have low

survivorship in captivity (e.g. coral eaters,).

Angelfishes;

Chaetodontoplus mesoleucus; Queen Angelfish

Apolemicthys trimaculatus; Flagfin Angelfish over 5 inches

Pygoplites diacanthus; Regal Angelfish over 5 inches

Butterflyfises;

Chaetodon baronessa; Baroness butterflyfish

Chaetodon bennetti; Bennetti’s Butterflyfish

Chaetodon meyeri; Meyer’s Butterflyfish

Chaetodon octofasciatus; Eight Banded Butterflyfish

Chaetodon ornatissimus; Ornate Butterflyfish

Chaetodon plebeius; Blue-blotch Butterflyfish

Chaetodon reticulatus; Reticulated Butterflyfish

Chaetodon speculum; Ovalspot Butterflyfish

Chaetodon triangulum; Triangular Butterflyfish

Chaetodon trifasciatus / lunulatus; Melon Butterflyfish

Chaetodon trifascialis; Chevroned Butterflyfish

Parachaetodon occellatus; Occelated Butterflyfish

Wrasses:

Labroides dimidiatus; Cleaner Wrasse


Misc. species

Oxymonacanthus longirostris; Harlequin/Orange-spot filefish

Plectorhincus chaetodonoides; Harlequin/Clown Sweetlips

Pseudanthias tuka; Purple Queen Anthias

Aeoliscus strigatus; Razorfish

Sea Slug/Nudibrach:

Bornella anguilla; Slippery Bornella

Cheilodonura electra; Electric Tailed Slug

Chelidonura inornata; Inormate Tailed Slug

Chromodoris bullocki; Antenna Purple Nudibranch

Chromodoris egrettae; Egrett's Chromodoris

Chromodoris elizabethina; Elizabeth's Chromodoris

Chromodoris geometrica; Geometric Chromodoris

Chromodoris kuiteri; Antenna Orange Nudibranch

Chromodoris kuniei; Kuniei's Chromodoris

Chromodoris lochi; Antenna White Nudibranch

Chromodoris magnifica; Magnificent Sea Slug

Chromodoris quadricolor; Antenna Multicolor Nudibranch

Chromodoris sp; Assorted Colors Slugs

Chromodoris strigata; Strigate Chromodoris

Coriocella nigra; Black Coriocella

Dematobranchus sp; Speckled Dematobranchus

Flabellina bilas; Bilas Flabellina

Flabellina exoptata; Desired Flabellina

Glossodoris atromarginata; Black-Margined Glossodoris

Halgerda aurantiomaculata; Gold-Spotted Halgerda

Hexabranchus sanguineus; Giant Spanish Dancer

Jorunna funebris; Jorunna's Sea Slug

Notodoris gardeneri; Yellow Sea Slug

Notodoris sp; Winged Notodoris

Philinopsis gardineri; Gardener's Tailed Slug

Phyllidia arabica; Black Nudibranch (Assorted)

Phyllidia babai; Baba's Phyllidia

Phyllidia coelestis; Celestrial Phyllidia

Phyllidia elegans; White Nudibranch (Assorted)

Phyllidia ocellata; Ocellate Phyllidia

Phyllidia pustulosa; Pustolose Phyllidia


Phyllidia sp; Red Turtle Nudibranch

Phyllidia willani; Willan's Phyllidia/ Slug

Phyllidiopsis shireenae; Shiren's Phyllidiopsis

Plakobranchus sp; Hooded Plakobranchus

Pteraeolidia ianthina; Violet Pteraeolidia

Nembrotha lineolata; Lined Nembrotha

Reticulidia fungia; Abstract Reticulidia

Reticulidia halgerda; Decorated Reticulidia

Robastra arika (Roboastra); Black Nudibranch / Green Nudibranch

Robastra sp. (Roboastra); Green Nudibranch

Risbecia imperialis; Imperial Risbecia

Staylocheilus longicauda (Stylocheilus); Sea Hare Algae Slug

7.2D Limited To Catch Species List (LCSL)

The species that can be fished but whose fishing should be closely

monitored. The species under in this list should have limited TAC due

to the very slow production of its own species and it’s very slow to

grow. From a scientific perspective, the LCSL should include species

that direct habitat of fish and invertebrates (e.g. anemones,). Under

this list also are species that have very small abundance seen during

the survey or hard to find (e.g. zebra octopus, flamboyant cuttlefish,

wobbegong and some species of shark). For Leopard and White-Tip

shark, it is inforce in getting a special permit in National Fisheries

Authority to export this marine aquarium species.

Table 9: List of limited to catch marine aquarium species

Scientific name Common name

Heteractis aurora Sand Anemone

Heteractis crispa Sand Anemone

Heteractis magnifica Purple Base Anemone

Heteractis sp. Clown Anemone


Scientific name Common name

Macrodactylia dorensis Base Anemone

Stichodactyla gigantea Giant Carpet Anemone

Stichodactyla haddoni Carpet Anemone

Stichodactyla mertensis Merten’s Carpet Anemone

Stichodactyla sp. Multicolor Carpet Anemone

Stegostosoma fasciatus Leopard Shark

Eucrossohirus dasypogon Tasselled Wobbegong

Octopus zebra Zebra Octopus

Triaenodon obesus White-Tip Shark

7.2E Dangerous Species List (DSL)

The species on this list should be avoided. Some of this species are

deadly and therefore no TAC, this is provided for the fishermen not to

fish these kinds of species.

The following species classified according to the level of danger;

DSL with TAC

Blue Ringed Octopus (= with a beak that can penetrate a wet suit,

they are one little cute creature to definitely look at BUT don’t

touch. The blue-ringed octopus is the size of a golf ball but sits

poison is powerful enough to kill an adult human in minutes.

There's no known antidote. Residing in rock pools and coral, the

blue ring octopus' rings will "glow" an electric blue when provoked

or is on the defense. This is when it is most dangerous, especially

to children, as it looks very pretty and harmless.

Species Description


Hapalochlaena lunulata Which is the larger and grows up to 20cm (8 in) across its stretched tentacles.

Hapalochlaena maculosa

Is small and more common, weighing a mere 28 grams (1 oz) found in the shallow coral and rock pools

Cone Shells = Look very pretty, but several types are known to be

very dangerous to humans. The venom of some contains the most

potent neurotoxins known to man.

Lion Fish = Lionfish have venomous fin spines that can produce

painful puncture wounds. Fatalities, however, are rare. The fish

have elongated dorsal fin spines and enlarged pectoral fins, and

each species has a pattern of zebra like stripes.

Selected Stone Fish (Synanceia verrucosa)= With 13 dorsal

spines that release a poisonous toxin when pressed, the Stonefish

can inflict excruciating pain and possible death to the unwary.

They dwell on stony, muddy bottom areas. Visitors walking on the

beaches (especially at low tide) should always wear covered

shoes with a sturdy sole.

DSL with NO TAC

Sea Snakes = Approx 15 species of sea snakes can be found on

the reef. ALL OF THEM PRODUCE LETHAL VENOM. Having

small fangs, they are not normally aggressive. There have been no

reported deaths from sea snakes, however they should still be

treated with respect.

Stingrays = Fatalities reported from stingray deaths are few and

far between. Barbs on the stingrays' tail whip up when trodden on

and can inflict serious lacerations and deep wounds. Tetanus is

also a possibility if the wound becomes infected.


Marine Aquarium Survey Data Storage …………….

The data format should include information on the area, site name, GPS reading

(decimal degrees or DD format), observer, date of survey, fishing (yes or no), (on-

site description worksheet), species, size estimate, count and special remarks (on

the data input worksheet). The fish and invertebrate data on overall coral reef

health should be recorded and associated with the same GPS coordinates as the

aquarium data. Posters for each area will provide a poster of aquarium fish,

unsuitable species list (USL), Mobile and Sessile invertebrates.

The data will be stored at EcoEZ and TRADE database. Any parties wanting to

access/have a copy of the data should have an accord signed by Director of

ECOEZ for any use of the data based in the agreement.

Chapter 8


Equipment Record Maintenance and Inventory……. Scientific Diving

Standards for Equipment Use

Educational technology equipment is typically purchased with EcoEZ funds

earmarked for instruction. For this reason, usage for administrative and record

keeping functions is restricted. When equipment is purchased for RAM survey

the equipment must be protected and maintain up to the lifespan duration.

Purchase Guidelines

All equipment purchased with EcoEZ funds must be in accordance with the

regulations of the funding source. The equipment purchased must be reasonable

and necessary to effectively operate the program.

Recipients will be required to maintain inventory as per the Inventory Guidelines

listed below and follow local inventory policies and procedures.

For those recipients utilizing Kina, Pesos, and Dollars for equipment, an EcoEZ

Application for Authorization of Expenditures form for prior approval of equipment

purchases must be submitted. Supporting invoices and the serial number for

equipment with a “per-unit” cost. For those equipments without receipts or lost,

the recipient should provide an oath about the equipment purchased with

signature attach provided with witness signature.

Inventory Control Guidelines

Chapter 9


All capital outlay (equipment) units is subject to the following inventory

management and control requirements:

1. Inventory must be current and available for review and audit. The following

information must be included in the recipient’s inventory records:

a. A description of the equipment.

b. A serial number, model number, or other identification number.

c. The funding source and percentage under which the equipment was

acquired.

d. The acquisition date and unit cost.

e. The source of equipment (company name, where purchased).

f. The present location, use, condition of the equipment, and date the

information was reported.

g. All pertinent information on the final transfer, replacement, or disposition

of the equipment.

2. Inventory must be updated as equipment items are purged or new purchases

are made.

3. Equipment items purchased with funds are to be identified and physically

marked as such.

4. Adequate safeguards must be in place related to the loss, damage, or theft of

the equipment. Any loss, damage, or theft should be investigated and fully

documented.

5. Adequate maintenance procedures should be implemented to keep the

equipment in good condition.

6. A physical inventory of equipment items must be taken and the results

reconciled with the inventory records at least twice anually.


Table 10: RAM inventory equipment.

Table 11: RAM Equipment Maintenance Records.

RAM TEAM WEEKLY EQUIPMENT MAINTAINANCE RECORD

As of____________ 2009

Boat

Checking done

Status Recommendation REMARKS/Notes

1 Seasmart 1(petrol)

2 Fuel hose

3 Fuel tanks

4 12SM battery

5 Ignition key

6 Rope & anchor

7 Seasmart2 (diesel)

8 Fuel hose

9 Fuel tanks

10 Refuelling container

INVENTORY OF RAM EQUIPMENT

RAM Division

Issued To

Date of Purchased

Item Qty Serial Number/Model

Number CODE

# Durability Status

A. Computer and Laptop

B. Dive Gear

C. Other Equipment


RAM TEAM WEEKLY EQUIPMENT MAINTAINANCE RECORD

11 Ignition key

12 Rope & anchor

13 UHF/VHF radio receiver

14 Handheld radio

15 Battery charger

Vehicle

16 CAR 945

Air Compressor

17 Electric Compressor

18 Diesel Compressor

Dive Gear

19 Scuba Tanks

20 Regulators

21 BCD

22 Wet suit

23 Torch 1

24 Torch 2

25 Search light

26 Slates

27 Mask/Snorkle

Check by:

Disposition Guidelines

The disposition/transfer of equipment policy applies to any equipment item that is

obsolete, not repairable, damaged, destroyed, lost, or stolen. This policy covers

any equipment item purchased by a recipient with EcoEZ funds.

Equipment Transfer

When original or replacement equipment acquired is no longer needed for the


original project or program, the equipment may be transferred and used in other

projects or programs currently or previously funded EcoEZ. Recipients must

request approval from the Project Director in the to transfer items of equipment to

different programs. Permission to transfer items from inventory will be granted

following review and approval of the recipient’s request.

Bibliography

MAQTRAC (Marine Aquarium Trade Coral Reef Monitoring) Gregor Hodgson and

Domingo Ochavillo; April 2006.

Survey Manual for Tropical Marine Resources.

Queensland Marine Aquarium Fish And Coral Collecting, Aquarium Fish and

Coral Fisheries Working Group


Identification References ………………………………..

Advanced Marine Aquarium Techniques; Jay F. Hemdal; © 2006.

Angelfishes, A Comprehensive Guide To Pomacanthidae; Helmut Debelius,

Hiroyuki Tanaka & Rudie H. Kuiter; © 2003.

Angelfishes Of The World; Kiyoshi Endo, © 2007.

Coral Reefs Animals Of The Indo-Pacific; Terence M. Gosliner, David W.

Behrens, and Gary C. Williams, © 1996.

Discover Loloata Island, Marine Life Guide To Papua New Guinea, Neville

Coleman, © 1998.

www.fishbase.org

Indo-Pacific Coral Reef Field Guide; Dr. Gerald R. Allen and Roger Steene, ©

2003.

Giant Clams In The Sea And The Aquarium, James Fatherree, © 2006

Marine Fisher, 500+ Essential-to-know Aquarium Species, Scott W. Michael,

© 1999.

Marine Invertebrates, 500+ Essential-to-know Aquarium Species, Ronald L.

Shimek, Ph.D, © 2004.

Reef Fish Identification Tropical Pacific, Dr. Gerald Allen, Roger Steene, Paul

Humann, and Ned Deloach, © 2003.

Sharks & Rays, Elasmobranch Guide Of The World, Ralf M. Hennemann, ©

2007.

The Marine Life of Bootless Bay of Papua New Guinea, Mark Baine and

David Harasti, © 2007.


Appendices


I. MARINE AQUARIUM SPECIES MASTERLIST

Appendix 1: Marine Aquarium Species Masterlist

PNG MARINE AQUARIUM VERTEBRATES SPECIES

Scientific Name Common Trade Name Common Name 2 Other Traded

Name Group Classification

Abalistes stellaris Starry Triggerfish Triggerfish TASL

Ablabys taenianotus Cockatoo Waspfish Waspfish TASL

Abudefduf lorenzii Lorenzi Damselfish Black-Tail Sergeantfish Damselfish TASL

Abudefduf sexfasciatus Scissortail Sergeantfish Damselfish TASL

Abudefduf sordidus Blackspot Sergeantfish Damselfish TASL

Abudefduf vaigiensis Indo-Pacific Sergeantfish Damselfish TASL

Acanthochromis polyacanthus

Spiny Chromis Damselfish TASL

Acanthurus albipectoralis Whitefin Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Acanthurus bariene Black-Spot Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Acanthurus blochii Ringtail Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Acanthurus dussumieri Eyestripe Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Acanthurus fowleri Fowler's Surgeonfish Blackspine Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Acanthurus grammoptilus Fine-Lined Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Acanthurus guttatus Whitespotted Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Acanthurus leucocheilus Palelipped Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Acanthurus lineatus Lineatus Tang Lined Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Acanthurus maculiceps White-Freckled Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Acanthurus mata Yellowmask Surgeonfish Elongate Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Acanthurus nigricans Whitecheek Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Acanthurus nigricauda Epaulette Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Acanthurus nigrofuscus Brown Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Acanthurus nigroris Nigroris Tang Blue-lined Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Acanthurus nubilus Nubilus Tang Bluelined Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Acanthurus olivaceus Shoulder Tang Orangespot Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Acanthurus pyroferus Chocolate Tang Mimic Surgeonfiish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Acanthurus thompsoni Thompson's Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Acanthurus triostegus Convict Tang Convict Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Acanthurus xanthopterus Yellowfin Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Acreichthys tomentosus Bristle-tail Filefish Filefish TASL

Aeoliscus strigatus Razorfish Razorfish USL

Aioliops megastigma Mini Dartfish Dartfish TASL

Aipysurus laevis Saddleback Grouper Grouper TASL

Alectis ciliaris African Pompano Pompano TASL

Aluterus scriptus Scrawled Filefish Filefish TASL

Amanses scopas Broom Filefish Triggerfish TASL

Amblycirrhitus bimacula 2-Spot Hawkfish Hawkfish TASL

Amblyeleotris fasciata Red-Banded Shrimp-Goby Goby TASL

Amblyeleotris fontanesii Giant Prawn-Goby Goby TASL

Amblyeleotris guttata Spotted Prawn-Goby Spotted Shrimpgoby Goby TASL

Amblyeleotris gymnocephala

Masked Shrimp-Goby Goby TASL

Amblyeleotris periophthalma

Broad-banded Shrimpgoby Periophthalma Prawn-Goby Goby TASL

Amblyeleotris randalli Randall's Prawn-Goby Goby TASL

Amblyeleotris rhyax Volcano Shrimp-Goby Goby TASL

Amblyeleotris sp. Five-Bar Shrimp-Goby Goby TASL

Amblyeleotris steinitzi Steinitz' Prawn-Goby Goby TASL

Amblyeleotris wheeleri Gorgeous Prawn-Goby Goby TASL

Amblyglyphidodon aureus Golden Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Amblyglyphidodon curacao

Staghorn Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Amblyglyphidodon leucogaster

Yellowbelly Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Amblygobius decussatus Orange-Striped Goby Goby TASL

Amblygobius hectori Hectori Goby Yellowstripe Goby Goby TASL

Amblygobius nocturnus Nocturn Goby Goby TASL

Amblygobius phalaena Banded Goby Goby TASL

Amblygobius rainfordi Old Glory Goby TASL

Amblygobius sphynx Sphinx Goby Goby TASL

Amblypomacentrus breviceps

Black-Banded Demoiselle Damselfish TASL

Amphiprion chrysopterus Orangefin Clownfish Clownfish TASL

Amphiprion clarkii Clarkii Clownfish Yellowtail Clownfish / Clarks Anemonefish / Whitetail Clownfish

Clownfish TASL


Amphiprion frenatus Tomato Clownfish Clownfish TASL

Amphiprion leucokranos Whitebonnet Clownfish Bonnet Anemonefish Clownfish TASL

Amphiprion melanopus Melanopus Clownfish Fire Clownfish Clownfish TASL

Amphiprion ocellaris False Percula Clownfish Clown Anemonefish Clownfish TASL

Amphiprion percula Percula Clownfish Clownfish TASL

Amphiprion perideraion Pink Skunk Clownfish Clownfish TASL

Amphiprion polymnus Saddleback Clownfish Clownfish TASL

Amphiprion sandaracinos Orange-skunk Clownfish Saddle Clownfish / Yellow Clownfish Clownfish TASL

Anampses caeruleopunctatus

Bluespotted Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Anampses geographicus Geographic Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Anampses melanurus White-Spotted Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Anampses meleagrides Spotted Wrasse Yellowtail Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Anampses neoguinaicus New Guinea Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Anampses twistii Yellowbreasted Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Anomalops katoptron Splitfin Flashlightfish Flashlightfish TASL

Antennarius coccineus Scarlet Frogfish Frogfish TASL

Antennarius maculatus Warty Frogfish Frogfish TASL

Antennarius nummifer Spotfin Frogfish Frogfish TASL

Antennarius pictus Painted Frogfish Frogfish TASL

Antennarius striatus Striated Frogfish Frogfish TASL

Anyperodon leucogrammicus

Slender Grouper White-lined Grouper Grouper TASL

Apogon aureus Ring-Tailed Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL

Apogon bandanensis Banda Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL

Apogon chrysopomus Yellow Cardinalfish Spotgill CardinalFish Cardinalfish TASL

Apogon coccineus Ruby Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL

Apogon compressus Split-Banded Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL

Apogon cyanosoma Yellowstriped Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL

Apogon exostigma Narrowstripe Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL

Apogon fraenatus Spurcheek Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL

Apogon fragilis Fragile Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL

Apogon hartzfeldii Hartzfeld's Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL

Apogon kallopterus Iridescent Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL

Apogon leptacanthus Threadfin Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL

Apogon moluccensis Moluccan Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL

Apogon nigrofasciatus Blackstripe Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL

Apogon notatus Spotnape Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL

Apogon perlitus Pearly Cardinalfish Good-Luck Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL

Apogon properupta Coral Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL

Apogon sealei Bargill Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL

Apogon sp. Similar Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL

Apogon thermalis Half-Barred Cardinalfish Translucent Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL

Apolemichthys trimaculatus

3-Spot Angelfish Threespot Angelfish Flagfin Angelfish Angelfish USL

Aprion virescens Green Jobfish Soapfish TASL

Archaemia fucata Orangelined Cardinalfish Narrow-lined Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL

Archamia zosterophora Girdled Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL

Arothron caeruleopunctatus

Blue-Spotted Pufferfish Pufferfish TASL

Arothron hispidus White-Spotted Pufferfish Pufferfish TASL

Arothron manilensis Striped Pufferfish Map Pufferfish Pufferfish TASL

Arothron meleagris Guineafowl Pufferfish Pufferfish TASL

Arothron nigropunctatus Dogface Pufferfish Blackspotted Pufferfish Pufferfish TASL

Arothron stellatus Star Pufferfish Pufferfish TASL

Aspidontus dussumieri Lance Blenny Blenny TASL

Aspidontus taeniatus False Cleanerfish Goby TASL

Assessor flavissimus Yellow Devilfish Devilfish TASL

Assessor macneilli Blue Devilfish Devilfish TASL

Asterropteryx semipunctata

Starry Goby Halfspotted Goby Goby TASL

Atrosalarias fuscus holomelas

Brown Coral Blenny Blenny TASL

Aulostomus chinensis Trumpetfish Chinese Trumpetfish Trumpetfish TASL

Balistapus undulatus Undulate Triggerfish Orange-Lined Triggerfish Triggerfish TASL

Balistoides conspicillum Clown Triggerfish Triggerfish TASL

Balistoides viridescens Pineapple Triggerfish Titan Triggerfish Triggerfish TASL

Blenniella chrysospilos Red-Spotted Blenny Blenny TASL

Bodianus anthioides Lyretail Hogfish Wrasse TASL

Bodianus axillaris Scissortail Hogfish Axilspot Hogfish Wrasse TASL

Bodianus bilunulatus Tarry Hogfish Wrasse TASL

Bodianus bimaculatus 2-Spot Hogfish Wrasse TASL

Bodianus diana Diana's Hogfish Wrasse TASL

Bodianus loxozonus Blackfin Hogfish Wrasse TASL

Bodianus mesothorax Coral Hogfish Splitlevel Hogfish Wrasse TASL


Bothus mancus Flowery Flounder Peacock Flounder Flounder TASL

Bryaninops amplus Large Whip Goby Goby TASL

Bryaninops natans Redeye Goby Goby TASL

Bryaninops yongei Whip Coral Goby Goby TASL

Butis amboinensis Olive Flathead-Gudgeon Gudgeonfish TASL

Callionymus delicatulus Delicate Dragonet Dragonets TASL

Callionymus keeleyi Long Filament Dragonet Dragonets TASL

Calloplesiops altivelis Cometfish / Cometa Betta Marine TASL

Calotomus carolinus Carolines Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL

Calotomus spinidens Spinytooth Parrotfish Raggedtooth Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL

Cantherhines dumerilii Whitespotted Filefish Filefish TASL

Canthigaster amboinensis Spider-Eye Pufferfish Pufferfish TASL

Canthigaster bennetti Bennett's Pufferfish Whitebelly Toby Pufferfish TASL

Canthigaster compressa Fingerprint Pufferfish Pufferfish TASL

Canthigaster janthinoptera Honeycomb Pufferfish Pufferfish TASL

Canthigaster papua Papuan Pufferfish Pufferfish TASL

Canthigaster rivulata Brown-Lined Pufferfish Pufferfish TASL

Canthigaster solandri Spotted Pufferfish Spotted Sharpnose Pufferfish TASL

Canthigaster valentini Valentinni's Sharpnose Pufferfish Black-Saddled Toby Pufferfish TASL

Caracanthus maculatus Spotted Coral Croucher Croucherfish TASL

Caranx melampygus Bluefin Trevally Trevally TASL

Centriscus scutatus Grooved Razorfish Rigid Shrimpfish Razorfish TASL

Centropyge aurantia Golden Angelfish Angelfish TASL

Centropyge bicolor Bicolor Angelfish Oriole Angelfish Angelfish TASL

Centropyge bispinosa Coral Beauty Angelfish Twospined Angelfish Angelfish TASL

Centropyge flavicauda Blue Pygmy Angelfish White-tailed Pygmy Angelfish Pygmy Angelfish Angelfish TASL

Centropyge heraldi Yellow Angelfish Angelfish TASL

Centropyge loricula Flame Angelfish Angelfish TASL

Centropyge multifasciata Barred Angelfish Banded Angelfish Angelfish TASL

Centropyge nox Midnight Angelfish Angelfish TASL

Centropyge tibicen Keyhole Angelfish Angelfish TASL

Centropyge vrolikii Halfblack Angelfish Pearlscale Angelfish Angelfish TASL

Cephalopholis argus Peacock Hind Peacock Grouper Grouper TASL

Cephalopholis boenak Chocolate Grouper Halfblack Coral Hind Grouper TASL

Cephalopholis cyanostigma

Bluespotted Grouper Grouper TASL

Cephalopholis formosa Bluelined Hind Grouper TASL

Cephalopholis microprion Freckled Grouper Grouper TASL

Cephalopholis miniata Coral Hind Grouper TASL

Cephalopholis urodeta Flagtail Grouper Grouper TASL

Cetoscarus bicolor Bicolour Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL

Chaetodon aureofasciatus Golden Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL

Chaetodon auriga Auriga Butterflyfish Threadfin Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL

Chaetodon baronessa Baronessa Butterflyfish Baroness Butterflyfish / Eastern Triangular Butterflyfish

Butterflyfish USL

Chaetodon bennetti Bennett Butterflyfish Bluelashed Butterflyfish Butterflyfish USL

Chaetodon burgessi Burgess' Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL

Chaetodon citrinellus Yellow Citron Butterflyfish Speckled Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL

Chaetodon ephippium Saddle Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL

Chaetodon guentheri Crochet Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL

Chaetodon kleinii Chocolate Butterflyfish Sunburst Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL

Chaetodon lineolatus Lined Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL

Chaetodon lunula Raccoon Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL

Chaetodon melannotus Blackback Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL

Chaetodon mertensii Mertensii Butterflyfish Atoll Butterflyfish Checkered Buterflyfish

Butterflyfish TASL

Chaetodon meyeri Meyeri Butterflyfish Scrawled Butterflyfish Butterflyfish USL

Chaetodon ocellicaudus Spot-Tail Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL

Chaetodon octofasciatus 8-Band Butterflyfish Butterflyfish USL

Chaetodon ornatissimus Orna Butterflyfish Ornatus Butterflyfish Butterflyfish USL

Chaetodon oxycephalus Spot-Nape Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL

Chaetodon pelewensis Pelewensis Butterflyfish Sunset Butterflyfish / Dot and Dash Butterflyfish

Butterflyfish TASL

Chaetodon plebeius Blueblotch Butterflyfish Blue-Spot Butterflyfish Butterflyfish USL

Chaetodon punctatofasciatus

Punctato Butterflyfish Spotband Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL

Chaetodon rafflesii Rafflesii Butterflyfish Latticed Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL

Chaetodon rainfordi Rainford's Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL

Chaetodon reticulatus Reticulatus Butterflyfish Mailed Butterflyfish Butterflyfish USL

Chaetodon selene Yellow-Dotted Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL

Chaetodon semeion Semeion Butterflyfish Dotted Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL

Chaetodon speculum Oval-Spot Butterflyfish Mirror Butterflyfish Butterflyfish USL

Chaetodon trifascialis Chevron Butterflyfish Butterflyfish USL

Chaetodon trifasciatus Melon Butterflyfish Indian Redfin Butterflyfish Butterflyfish USL


Chaetodon ulietensis Pacific Double-Saddle Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL

Chaetodon unimaculatus Teardrop Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL

Chaetodon vagabundus Vagabundus Butterflyfish Vagabond Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL

Chaetodontoplus duboulayi

Scribbled Angelfish Angelfish TASL

Chaetodontoplus melanosoma

Black-Velvet Angelfish Angelfish TASL

Chaetodontoplus mesoleucus

Vermiculated Angelfish Queen Angelfish / Singapore Angelfish Angelfish USL

Cheilinus chlorourus Floral Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Cheilinus fasciatus Redbreast Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Cheilinus trilobatus Tripletail Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Cheilinus undulatus Humphead Wrasse Napoleon Wrasse Wrasse BSL

Cheilio inermis Cigar Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Cheilodipterus isostigmus Dog Toothy Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL

Cheilodipterus macrodon Tiger Cardinalfish Large Toothed Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL

Cheilodipterus parazonatus

Mimic Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL

Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus

Fivelined Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL

Chelmon marginalis Margined Coralfish Butterflyfish TASL

Chelmon rostratus Chelmon Butterflyfish Copperband Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL

Chlorurus bleekeri Bleeker's Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL

Chlorurus japanensis Palecheek Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL

Chlorurus sordidus Daisy Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL

Choerodon anchorago Orange-Dotted Tuskfish Anchor Tuskfish Wrasse TASL

Choerodon fasciatus Harlequin Tuskfish Wrasse TASL

Choerodon jordani Jordan's Tuskfish Wrasse TASL

Choerodon monostigma Dark-Spot Tuskfish Wrasse TASL

Choerodon schoenleinii Blackspot Tuskfish Wrasse TASL

Choerodon zosterophorus Zoster Wrasse Darkstripe Tuskfish Wrasse TASL

Chromis amboinensis Ambon Chromis Damselfish TASL

Chromis analis Yellow Chromis Damselfish TASL

Chromis atripectoralis Black-Axil Chromis Damselfish TASL

Chromis atripes Dark-Fin Chromis Damselfish TASL

Chromis elerae Twinspot Chromis Damselfish TASL

Chromis flavipectoralis Black-Axil Chromis Malayan Chromis Damselfish TASL

Chromis iomelas Half-And-Half Chromis Pacific half and Half Chromis Damselfish TASL

Chromis lepidolepis Scaly Chromis Damselfish TASL

Chromis lineata Lined Chromis Damselfish TASL

Chromis margaritifer Bicolor Chromis Damselfish TASL

Chromis retrofasciata Blackbar Chromis Damselfish TASL

Chromis ternatensis Ternate Chromis Damselfish TASL

Chromis vanderbilti Vanderbilt's Chromis Damselfish TASL

Chromis viridis Green Chromis Blue Green Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Chromis weberi Weber's Chromis Damselfish TASL

Chromis xanthochira Yellow-axil Chromis Damselfish TASL

Chromis xanthura Paletail Chromis Damselfish TASL

Chrysiptera biocellata Twinspot Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Chrysiptera brownriggii Surge Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Chrysiptera caeruleolineata

Blueline Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Chrysiptera cyanea Blue Damselfish / Sapphire Devilfish Damselfish TASL

Chrysiptera cymatilis Papuan Damselfish Milne Bay Demoiselle Damselfish TASL

Chrysiptera cymatilis (new)

Papuan Damselfish (New) Damselfish TASL

Chrysiptera flavipinnis Yellowfin Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Chrysiptera niger Black Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Chrysiptera oxycephala Blue-Spot Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Chrysiptera parasema Goldtail Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Chrysiptera parasema (new)

Goldtail Damselfish (New) Damselfish TASL

Chrysiptera retrofasciata Blackbar Chromis Damselfish TASL

Chrysiptera rex King Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Chrysiptera rollandi Rolland's Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Chrysiptera sinclairi Sinclair's Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Chrysiptera sp. Sinclair's Damselfish (New) Damselfish TASL

Chrysiptera talboti Talbot's Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Chrysiptera tricincta 3-Band Demoiselle Damselfish TASL

Chrysiptera unimaculata 1-Spot Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Cirrhilabrus condei Redback Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura Blueside Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Cirrhilabrus exquisitus Exquisite Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Cirrhilabrus filamentosus Filamented Flasher Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Cirrhilabrus punctatus Dotted Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Cirrhilabrus temminckii Peacock Wrasse Threadfin Wrasse Wrasse TASL


Cirrhilabrus walindi Walindi Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Cirrhitichthys aprinus Spotted Hawkfish Threadfin Hawkfish Hawkfish TASL

Cirrhitichthys falco Dwarf Hawkfish Hawkfish TASL

Cirrhitichthys oxycephalus Pixy Hawkfish Coral Hawkfish Hawkfish TASL

Cirrhitus pinnulatus Stocky Hawkfish Hawkfish TASL

Cirripectes castaneus Chestnut Eyelash-Blenny Blenny TASL

Cirripectes chelomatus Lady Musgrave Blenny Blenny TASL

Cirripectes filamentosus Filamentous Blenny Blenny TASL

Cirripectes springeri Springer's Blenny Blenny TASL

Cirripectes stigmaticus Red-Streaked Blenny Blenny TASL

Cirripectes variolosus Red-Speckled Blenny Blenny TASL

Conger cinereus Longfin African Conger Eel TASL

Congrogadus subducens Carpet Eel-Blenny Blenny TASL

Coradion altivelis Highfin Coralfish Butterflyfish TASL

Coradion chrysozonus Goldengirdled Coralfish Butterflyfish TASL

Coradion melanopus 2-Spot Coralfish Butterflyfish TASL

Coris aygula Clown Coris Wrasse TASL

Coris batuensis Batu Coris Wrasse TASL

Coris caudimacula Spottail Coris Wrasse TASL

Coris dorsomacula Pale-Barred Coris Wrasse TASL

Coris gaimard Red Wrasse Yellowtail Coris Wrasse TASL

Corythoichthys haematopterus

Messmate Pipefish Reeftop Pipefish Pipefish TASL

Corythoichthys intestinalis Banded Pipefish Pipefish TASL

Corythoichthys ocellatus Orange-Spotted Pipefish Pipefish TASL

Cromileptes altivelis Humpback Grouper Grouper TASL

Crossosalarias macrospilus

Triplespot Blenny Blenny TASL

Cryptocentrus caeruleomaculatus

Blue-Speckled Shrimp-Goby Goby TASL

Cryptocentrus cinctus Yellow Prawn-Goby Goby TASL

Cryptocentrus fasciatus Y-Bar Shrimp Goby Goby TASL

Cryptocentrus leptocephalus

Pink-Spotted Shrimp-Goby Goby TASL

Cryptocentrus polyophthalmus

Blacktip Shrimp-Goby Goby TASL

Cryptocentrus sp. Shrimp-Goby Prawn Goby Goby TASL

Cryptocentrus strigilliceps Target Shrimp-Goby Goby TASL

Ctenochaetus binotatus 2-Spot Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Ctenochaetus cyanocheilus

Bluelipped Bristletooth Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Ctenochaetus striatus Striated Surgeonfish Lined Bristletooth Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Ctenochaetus tominiensis Tomini Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Ctenogobiops aurocingulus

Aurocingulus Gold-Streaked Prawn-Goby

Goby TASL

Ctenogobiops pomastictus Pomasticus Gold-Specked Prawn-Goby

Goby TASL

Ctenogobiops sp. Speckled Prawn-goby Goby TASL

Ctenogobiops tangaroai Tangaroa Shrimp-Goby Goby TASL

Ctenotrypauchen microcephalus

Comb Goby Goby TASL

Cymbacephalus beauforti Crocodile Fish Crocodilefish TASL

Cymolutes torquatus Collared Razorfish Razorfish TASL

Cypho purpurascens Oblique-Lined Dottyback Dottyback TASL

Cyprinocirrhites polyactis Swallowtail Hawkfish Hawkfish TASL

Dactyloptena macracantha Spotwing Flying Gurnard Gurnardfish TASL

Dactyloptena orientalis Oriental Flying Gurnard Gurnardfish TASL

Dactylopus dactylopus Fingered Dragonet Dragonets TASL

Dactylopus kuiteri Orange & Black Dragonet Dragonet TASL

Dascyllus aruanus 3-Stripe Damselfish Whitetail Dascyllus / Humbug Damselfish

Damselfish TASL

Dascyllus melanurus 4-Stripe Damselfish Blacktail Humbug Damselfish TASL

Dascyllus reticulatus Reticulate Damselfish Reticulated Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Dascyllus trimaculatus Domino Damselfish Threespot Dascyllus Damselfish TASL

Dendrochirus biocellatus 2-Spot Turkeyfish Fu Manchu Lionfish Lionfish TASL

Dendrochirus brachypterus

Dwarf Lionfish Shortfin Turkeyfish Lionfish TASL

Dendrochirus zebra Zebra Lionfish Zebra Turkeyfish Lionfish TASL

Diademichthys lineatus Urchin Clingfish Clingfish TASL

Diagramma pictum Painted Sweetlips Sweetlips/Grunts TASL

Diodon holocanthus Long-Spine Porcupinefish Porcupinefish TASL

Diodon hystrix Porcupinefish Spot-Fin Porcupinefish Porcupinefish TASL

Diodon liturosus Black-Blotched Porcupinefish Porcupinefish TASL

Diplogrammus goramensis Goram Dragonet Dragonet TASL

Diploprion bifasciatum Barred Soapfish Soapfish TASL

Diproctacanthus xanthurus Yellowtail Tubelip Wrasse TASL

Dischistodus chrysopoecilus

Palespot Damselfish Damselfish TASL


Dischistodus melanotus Blackvent Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Dischistodus perspicillatus White Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Dischistodus prosopotaenia

Honeyhead Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Dischistodus pseudochrysopoecilus

Monarch Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Discordipinna griessingeri Spikefin Goby Goby TASL

Discotrema crinophila Crinoid Clingfish Clingfish TASL

Doryrhamphus dactyliophorus

Banded Pipefish Ringed Pipefish Pipefish TASL

Doryrhamphus excisus excisus

Bluestripe Pipefish Pipefish TASL

Drepane longimana Concertina Sicklefish Sicklefish TASL

Drepane punctata Spotted Sicklefish Sicklefish TASL

Echeneis naucrates Live Sharksucker Sharksucker TASL

Echidna nebulosa Snowflake Moray Moray TASL

Echidna polyzona Barred Moray Moray TASL

Ecsenius aequalis 4-Line Blenny Blenny TASL

Ecsenius australianus Australian Blenny Blenny TASL

Ecsenius axelrodi Clown Blenny Blenny TASL

Ecsenius bicolor Bicolor Blenny Blenny TASL

Ecsenius collettei Spotted-Row Blenny Blenny TASL

Ecsenius lividanalis Blackspot Blenny Blenny TASL

Ecsenius midas Persian Blenny Blenny TASL

Ecsenius namiyei Black Comb-Tooth Blenny Blenny TASL

Ecsenius pictus White-Lined Comb-Tooth Blenny Blenny TASL

Ecsenius prooculis Striped Blenny Blenny TASL

Ecsenius sellifer Saddle Blenny Blenny TASL

Ecsenius sp. Papuan Blenny Blenny TASL

Ecsenius sp. (new) Papuan Blenny (New) Blenny TASL

Ecsenius taeniatus White-Lined Blenny Blenny TASL

Ecsenius trilineatus Three-Lined Blenny Blenny TASL

Ecsenius yaeyamaensis Yaeyama Blenny Blenny TASL

Eleotris fusca Dusky Sleeperfish Sleeperfish TASL

Ephinephelus hexagonatus

Hexagon Grouper Grouper TASL

Epibulus insidiator Slingjaw Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Epinephelus fasciatus Blacktip Grouper Grouper TASL

Epinephelus fuscoguttatus Brown-Marbled Grouper Grouper TASL

Epinephelus howlandi Blacksaddle Grouper Grouper TASL

Epinephelus lanceolatus Giant Grouper Grouper TASL

Epinephelus maculatus Highfin Grouper Grouper TASL

Epinephelus merra Dwarf spotted Grouper Honeycomb Grouper Grouper TASL

Epinephelus polyphekadion

Camouflage Grouper Grouper TASL

Epinephelus quoyanus Longfin Grouper Grouper TASL

Eucrossorhinus dasypogon

Tasslled Wobbegong Wobbegong LCSL

Eurypegasus draconis Short-Nosed Dragonfish Dragonfish TASL

Eviota bifasciata Twostripe Pygmy Goby Goby TASL

Eviota fasciola Barred Pygmy Goby Goby TASL

Eviota nigriventris Blackbelly Goby Goby TASL

Eviota pellucida Pellucida Pygmy Goby Goby TASL

Eviota prasina Hairpin Pygmy Goby Goby TASL

Exallias brevis Leopard Blenny Blenny TASL

Exocoetus volitans Tropical Two-wing Flyingfish Flyingfish TASL

Exyrias bellisimus Beautiful Goby Mud Reef-Goby Goby TASL

Exyrias puntang Puntang Goby Goby TASL

Fistularia commersonii Bluespotted Cornetfish Cornetfish Cornetfish TASL

Foa brachygramma Weed Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL

Forcipiger flavissimus Yellow Longnose Butterflyfish Longnose Butterflyfish / Flavissimus Butterflyfish

Butterflyfish TASL

Forcipiger longirostris Yellow Longnose Butterflyfish Big Longnose Butterflyfish Butterflyfish TASL

Fusigobius neophytus Common Fuse-Goby Goby TASL

Fusigobius signipinnis Signalfin Goby Goby TASL

Genicanthus lamarck Blackstriped Angelfish Angelfish TASL

Genicanthus melanospilos Zebra Angelfish Spotbreast Angelfish Angelfish TASL

Gerres acinaces Longtail Silver Biddy Silver Biddy TASL

Glossogobius giuris Tank Goby Goby TASL

Glyptoparus delicatulus Delicate Blenny Blenny TASL

Gnathanodon speciosus Pilotfish Golden Trevally Trevally TASL

Gnathodentex aureolineatus

Striped Large-Eye Bream Monocle Bream TASL

Gnatholepsis anjerensis Eyebar Goby Goby TASL

Gobiodon ceramensis Ceram Coral-Goby Goby TASL

Gobiodon citrinus Poison Goby Goby TASL

Gobiodon histrio Broad-Barred Goby Goby TASL


Gobiodon okinawae Okinawa Goby Yellow Coralgoby Goby TASL

Gobiodon rivulatus Rippled Coral-Goby Goby TASL

Gobiodon spilophthalmus White-Lined Coral-Goby Goby TASL

Gomphosus varius Bird Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Gracila albomarginata Strawberry Grouper Masked Grouper Grouper TASL

Grammistes sexlineatus 6-Line Soapfish Soapfish TASL

Gunnellichthys curiosus Curious Wormfish Wormfish TASL

Gunnellichthys monostigma

Onespot Wormfish Wormfish TASL

Gymnocranius euanus Japanese Large-Eye Bream Monocle Bream TASL

Gymnocranius microdon Bluespotted Large-Eye Bream Monocle Bream TASL

Gymnocranius sp. Blacknape Large-Eye Bream Monocle Bream TASL

Gymnomuraena zebra Zebra Moray Moray TASL

Gymnothorax eurostus Abbott's Moray Eel Moray TASL

Gymnothorax favagineus Laced Moray Eel Blackspotted Moray Moray TASL

Gymnothorax fimbriatus Fimbriated Moray Moray TASL

Gymnothorax flavimarginatus

Yellow-Edged Moray Moray TASL

Gymnothorax isingteena Spotted Moray Moray TASL

Gymnothorax javanicus Giant Moray Eel Moray TASL

Gymnothorax meleagris Turkey Moray Moray TASL

Gymnothorax sp. (Yellow Eel)

Yellow Eel Moray TASL

Gymnothorax undulatus Undulated Moray Moray TASL

Gymnothorax zonipectis Barred-Fin Moray Moray TASL

Halichoeres argus Argus Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Halichoeres binotopsis Wisata Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Halichoeres biocellatus Red-Lined Wrasse Twospot Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Halichoeres chlorocephalus

Green-Headed Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Halichoeres chloropterus Green Wrasse Pastel-Green Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Halichoeres chrysus Yellow Wrasse Canary Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Halichoeres hartzfeldii Hartzfeld's Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Halichoeres hortulanus Marble Wrasse Checkerboard Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Halichoeres leucurus Chain-lined Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Halichoeres margaritaceus Pink-Belly Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Halichoeres marginatus Dusky Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Halichoeres melanochir Black Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Halichoeres melanurus Pinstripped Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Halichoeres miniatus Circle-Cheek Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Halichoeres nebulosus Nebulous Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Halichoeres ornatissimus Ornamented Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Halichoeres prosopeion 2-Tone Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Halichoeres purpurescens Purple Striped Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Halichoeres richmondi Tailspot Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Halichoeres scapularis Zigzag Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Halichoeres timorensis Timor Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Halichoeres trimaculatus 3-Spot Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Halichoeres zeylonicus Gold-stripe Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Halophyrne diemensis Banded Toadfish Toadfish TASL

Helcogramma striatum Tropical Striped Triplefin Triplefins TASL

Hemiglyphidodon plagiometopon

Lagoon Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Hemigymnus fasciatus Barred Thicklip Wrasse TASL

Hemigymnus melapterus Blackeye Thicklip Wrasse TASL

Hemiscyllium freycineti Freycinet's Epaulette Shark Epaulette Shark BSL

Hemiscyllium hallstromi Papuan Epaulette Shark Epaulette Shark TASL

Hemiscyllium ocellatum Ocellated Epaulette Shark Epaulette Shark TASL

Hemitaurichthys polylepis Pyramid Butterflyfish Bannerfish TASL

Heniochus acuminatus Black & White Heniochus Longfin Bannerfish Bannerfish TASL

Heniochus chrysostomus Brown Heniochus Threeband Pennantfish Bannerfish TASL

Heniochus diphreutes False Moorish Idol Bannerfish TASL

Heniochus monoceros Masked Bannerfish Bannerfish TASL

Heniochus pleurotaenia Phantom Bannerfish Bannerfish TASL

Heniochus singularis Singular Bannerfish Bannerfish TASL

Heniochus varius Fake Heniochus Humphead Bannerfish / Horned Bannerfish

Bannerfish TASL

Hetereconger hassi Garden Eel Eel TASL

Heteropriacanthus cruentatus

Glass-Eyefish Glasseyefish TASL

Hipposcarus longiceps Pacific Longnose Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL

Histrio histrio Sargassumfish Sargassumfish TASL

Hologymnosus annulatus Ring Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Hologymnosus doliatus Pastel Ring Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Hologymnosus sp. Rare Orange Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Hologymnus annulatus Ring Wrasse Wrasse TASL


Hologymnus doliatus Pastel Ring Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Hoplolatilus cuniculus Pale Tilefish Dusky Tilefish Tilefish TASL

Hoplolatilus fronticinctus Pastel Tilefish Tilefish TASL

Hoplolatilus purpureus Purple Sand Tilefish Tilefish TASL

Inegocia japonica Japanase Flathead Flatheadfish TASL

Iniistius aneitensis Yellowblotch Razorfish Razorfish TASL

Iniistius pavo Peacock Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Inimicus didactylus Bearded Ghoul Stone/Scorpionfish TASL

Istiblennius edentulus Rippled Rockskipper Rockskipper TASL

Istiblennius lineatus Lined Rockskipper Rockskipper TASL

Istigobius decoratus Decorated Goby Goby TASL

Istigobius goldmanni Goldman's Goby Goby TASL

Istigobius nigroocellatus Black-Spotted Goby Goby TASL

Istigobius ornatus Ornate Goby Goby TASL

Istigobius rigilius Orangespotted Goby Goby TASL

Kyphosus bigibbus Grey Sea Chub Sea Chub TASL

Kyphosus cinerascens Topsail Drummerfish Drummerfish TASL

Kyphosus vaigiensis Lowfin Drummerfish Drummerfish TASL

Labracinus cyclophthalmus

Fire-Tail Devilfish Dottyback TASL

Labrichthys unilineatus Tubelip Wrasse Tubelip Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Labroides bicolor Bicolor Cleaner Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Labroides dimidiatus Cleaner Wrasse Bluestreak Cleaner Wrasse Rainbow Wrasse Wrasse USL

Labroides pectoralis Multicolor Wrasse Blackspot Cleaner Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Labropsis alleni Allen's Tubelip Wrasse TASL

Labropsis manabei Northern Tubelip Wrasse TASL

Labropsis xanthonota Yellowback Tubelip Wrasse TASL

Lactoria cornuta Longhorn Cowfish Boxfish TASL

Lactoria diaphana Roundbelly Cowfish Boxfish TASL

Lagocephalus sceleratus Silverstripe Blaasop Pufferfish TASL

Lepidozygus tapeinosoma Fusilier Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Leptojulis cyanopleura Shoulder-Spot Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Leptoscarus vaigiensis Marbled Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL

Lethrinus atkinsoni Yellowtail Emperor Emperorfish TASL

Lethrinus erythropterus Longfin Emperor Emperorfish TASL

Lethrinus harak Thumbprint Emperor Blackspot Emperor Emperorfish TASL

Lethrinus laticaudis Grass Emperor Emperorfish TASL

Lethrinus microdon Smalltooth Emperor Blue Spotted Large-Eye Bream Emperorfish TASL

Lethrinus nebulosus Spangled Emperor Emperorfish TASL

Lethrinus obsoletus Orange-striped Emperor Emperorfish TASL

Lethrinus olivaceus Longface Emperor Emperorfish TASL

Lethrinus ornatus Ornate Emperor Emperorfish TASL

Lethrinus rubrioperculatus Spotcheek Emperor Emperorfish TASL

Lethrinus variegatus Slender Emperor Emperorfish TASL

Lethrinus xanthochilus Yellowlip Emperor Emperorfish TASL

Liza vaigiensis Squaretail Mullet Mulletfish TASL

Lotilia graciliosa Whitecap Goby Whitecap Shrimpgoby Goby TASL

Lutjanus argentimaculatus Mangrove Red Snapper Snapperfish TASL

Lutjanus biguttatus 2-Spot Snapper Snapperfish TASL

Lutjanus bohar Red Snapper Twin-Spot Snapper Snapperfish TASL

Lutjanus carponotatus Spanish Flag Snapper Snapperfish TASL

Lutjanus decussatus Checkered Snapper Snapperfish TASL

Lutjanus ehrenbergii Blackspot Snapper Snapperfish TASL

Lutjanus fulviflamma Longspot Snapper Snapperfish TASL

Lutjanus fulvus Blacktail Snapper Snapperfish TASL

Lutjanus gibbus Humpback Snapper Snapperfish TASL

Lutjanus kasmira Common Bluestripe Snapper Bluestripe Snapper Snapperfish TASL

Lutjanus malabaricus Malabar Blood Snapper Snapperfish TASL

Lutjanus quinquelineatus 5-Lined Snapper Snapperfish TASL

Lutjanus sebae Emperor Red Snapper Snapperfish TASL

Lutjanus semicinctus Black Banded Snapper Snapperfish TASL

Luzonichthys waitei Luzon Anthias Waite's Splitfin Anthias Anthias TASL

Macolor niger Black & white Snapper Snapperfish TASL

Macropharyngodon meleagris

Leopard Wrasse Blackspotted Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Macropharyngodon negrosensis

Yellowspotted Wrasse Black Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Macropharyngodon ornatus

False Leopard Wrasse Ornate Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Mahidolia mystacina Flagfin Prawn Goby Goby TASL

Malacanthus brevirostris Quakerfish Tilefish TASL

Malacanthus latovittatus Blue Blanquillo Tilefish TASL

Meiacanthus anema Threadless Blenny Blenny TASL

Meiacanthus atradorsalis Forktail Blenny Yellowtail Fang Blenny Blenny TASL


Meiacanthus grammistes Striped Poison-Fang Blenny Blenny TASL

Meiacanthus midas Midas Blenny Blenny TASL

Meiacanthus oualensis Canary Fangblenny Blenny TASL

Meiacanthus smithi Smith's Fang Blenny Blenny TASL

Meiacanthus vittatus 1-Striped Fangblenny Blackstripe Fang Blenny Blenny TASL

Melichthys niger Black Triggerfish Triggerfish TASL

Melichthys vidua Pinktail Triggerfish Triggerfish TASL

Monodactylus argenteus Silver Moony Diamondfish TASL

Monotaxis grandoculis Humpnose Big-Eye Bream Monocle Bream TASL

Mulloidichthys flavolineatus

Yellowstripe Goatfish Goatfish TASL

Mulloidichthys mimicus Mimic Goatfish Goatfish TASL

Mulloidichthys vanicolensis

Yellowfin Goatfish Vanicolo Goatfish Goatfish TASL

Myrichthys colubrinus Banded Snake Eel Eel TASL

Myrichthys maculosus Tiger Snake Eel Eel TASL

Myripristis berndti Blotcheye Soldierfish Squirrelfish TASL

Myripristis kuntee Shoulderbar Soldierfish Squirrelfish TASL

Myripristis murdjan Pinecone Soldierfish Blotcheye Soldierfish Squirrelfish TASL

Myripristis trachyacron East Indian Soldierfish Squirrelfish TASL

Myripristis violacea Violet Soldierfish Squirrelfish TASL

Myripristis vittata Whitetip Soldierfish Squirrelfish TASL

Myrispristis berndti Blotcheye Soldierfish Squirrelfish TASL

Myrispristis murdjan Pinecone Soldierfish Squirrelfish TASL

Naso annulatus Whitemargin Unicornfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Naso brachycentron Humpback Unicornfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Naso brevirostris Spotted Unicornfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Naso caeruleacauda Bluetail Unicornfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Naso hexacanthus Sleek Unicornfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Naso lituratus Lipstick Tang Orangespine Unicornfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Naso lopezi Elongate Unicornfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Naso minor Blackspine Unicornfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Naso thynnoides Oneknife Unicornfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Naso unicornis Bluespine Unicornfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Naso vlamingii Bignose Unicornfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Nemateleotris decora Elegant Firefish Firefish TASL

Nemateleotris helfrichi Helfrichs' Dartfish Firefish TASL

Nemateleotris magnifica Firefish Fire Goby / Fire Dartfish Firefish TASL

Neocirrhites armatus Flame Hawkfish Hawkfish TASL

Neoglyphidodon melas Bluefin Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Neoglyphidodon nigroris Blackmouth Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Neoniphon sammara Sammara Squirrelfish Squirrelfish TASL

Neopomacentrus azysron Yellow-Tail Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Neopomacentrus cyanomos

Regal Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Neopomacentrus filamentosus

Filamentous Damselfish Brown Demoiselle Wrasse TASL

Neopomacentrus nemurus Coral Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Novaculichthys macrolepidotus

Seagrass Wrasse Seagrass Razorfish Wrasse TASL

Novaculichthys taeniourus Dragon Wrasse Rockmover Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Odonus niger Redtoothed Triggerfish Triggerfish TASL

Omobranchus elongatus Cloister Blenny Blenny TASL

Omobranchus ferox Gossamer Blenny Blenny TASL

Opistognathus latitabundus

Blotched Jawfish Jawfish TASL

Oplopomus caninoides Triplespot Goby Goby TASL

Oplopomus oplopomus Oplopomus Spinecheek Goby Goby TASL

Ostracion cubicus Yellow Boxfish Boxfish TASL

Ostracion meleagris Whitespotted Boxfish Spotted Boxfish Boxfish TASL

Ostracion solorensis Reticulate Boxfish Solor Boxfish Boxfish TASL

Oxycheilinus bimaculatus 2-Spot Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Oxycheilinus celebicus Celebes Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Oxycheilinus diagramma Cheeklined Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Oxycheilinus orientalis Oriental Maori Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Oxycheilinus unifasciatus Ringtail Maori Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Oxymetopon cyanoctenosum

Blue-Barred Ribbon Goby Goby TASL

Oxymonacanthus longirostris

Harlequin Filefish Longnose Filefish Filefish USL

Oxyurichthys microlepis Maned Goby Goby TASL

Oxyurichthys papuensis Frogface Goby Goby TASL

Paracanthurus hepatus Blue Tang Palette Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Paracentropogon longispinis

Wispy Waspfish Waspfish TASL

Parachaetodon ocellatus 6-Spine Butterflyfish Butterflyfish USL

Paracheilinus filamentosus Filamentous Wrasse Wrasse TASL


Paracirrhites arcatus Arc-Eye Hawkfish Hawkfish TASL

Paracirrhites forsteri Blackside Hawkfish Freckled Hawkfish Hawkfish TASL

Paracirrhites hemistictus Halfspotted Hawkfish Hawkfish TASL

Paragobiodon echinocephalus

Redhead Goby Goby TASL

Paragobiodon xanthosomus

Emerald Coral Goby Goby TASL

Paraluteres prionurus Mimic Filefish Filefish TASL

Parapercis clathrata Latticed Sandperch Sandperch TASL

Parapercis cylindrica Sharpnose Sandperch Sandperch TASL

Parapercis hexophtalma Speckled Sandperch Sandperch TASL

Parapercis lineopunctata Nosestripe Sandperch U-marked Sandperch Sandperch TASL

Parapercis millepunctata Spotted Sandperch Sandperch TASL

Parapercis schauinslandii Red-Spotted Sandperch Sandperch TASL

Parapercis tethracantha Reticulated Sandperch Sandperch TASL

Parapercis xanthozona Yellowbar Sandperch Sandperch TASL

Parascorpaena mossambica

Mozambique Scorpionfish Scorpionfish TASL

Parioglossus nudus Naked Dartfish Dartfish TASL

Parupeneus barberinoides Bicolor Goatfish Goatfish TASL

Parupeneus barberinus Dash-And-Dot Goatfish Goatfish TASL

Parupeneus bifasciatus Doublebar Goatfish Goatfish TASL

Parupeneus cyclostomus Yellow Goatfish Goldsaddle Goatfish Goatfish TASL

Parupeneus indicus Indian Goatfish Goatfish TASL

Parupeneus macronemus Longbarbel Goatfish Goatfish TASL

Parupeneus multifasciatus Manybar Goatfish Goatfish TASL

Parupeneus pleurostigma Sidespot Goatfish Goatfish TASL

Parupeneus trifasciatus Indian Doublebar Goatfish Goatfish TASL

Parupenues indicus Indian Goatfish Goatfish TASL

Pastinachus sephen Cowtail Stingray Stingray TASL

Pempheris adusta Dusky Sweeperfish Sweeper TASL

Pempheris oualensis Silver Sweeperfish Sweeper TASL

Pentapodus paradiseus Paradise Whiptailfish Monocle Bream TASL

Pentapodus trivittatus 3-Striped Whiptailfish Monocle Bream TASL

Periophthalmus argentilineatus

Barred Mudskipper Mudskipper TASL

Pervagor janthinosoma Blackbar Filefish Fangblenny TASL

Pervagor melanocephalus Redtail Filefish Filefish TASL

Petroscirtes breviceps Striped Poison-Fang Blenny Shorthead Fang Blenny Blenny TASL

Petroscirtes mitratus Floral Blenny Highfin Fang Blenny Blenny TASL

Petroscirtes xestus Xestus Sabretooth Blenny Blenny TASL

Phempheris adusta Dusky Sweeperfish Blenny TASL

Pholidichthys leucotaenia Convict Blenny Blenny TASL

Photoblepharon palpebratum

Eyelight Fish Flashlightfish TASL

Plagiotremus laudandus Bicolor Fangblenny Blenny TASL

Plagiotremus rhinorhynchos

Bluestriped Fangblenny Blenny TASL

Plagiotremus tapeinosoma Piano Fangblenny Blenny TASL

Platax batavianus Humpback Batfish Batfish TASL

Platax boersii Golden Spadefish Boersii Batfish Batfish TASL

Platax orbicularis Orbi Batfish Orbicular Batfish Batfish TASL

Platax pinnatus Pinnatus Batfish Dusky Batfish Batfish TASL

Platax teira Tiera Batfish Batfish TASL

Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides

Harlequin Sweetlips Many-Spotted Sweetlips Sweetlips/Grunts USL

Plectorhinchus chrysoptaenia

Goldstriped Sweetlips Sweetlips/Grunts TASL

Plectorhinchus lessonii Striped Sweetlips Sweetlips/Grunts TASL

Plectorhinchus lineatus Yellowbanded Sweetlips Diagonal-banded Sweetlips Sweetlips/Grunts TASL

Plectorhinchus orientalis Oriental Sweetlips Sweetlips/Grunts TASL

Plectorhinchus picus Painted Sweetlips Dotted Sweetlips Sweetlips/Grunts TASL

Plectorhinchus polytaenia Ribbon Sweetlips Sweetlips/Grunts TASL

Plectorhinchus vittatus Vitattus Sweetlips Sweetlips/Grunts TASL

Plectroglyphidodon dickii Blackbar Devil Damselfish TASL

Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus

Johnston Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus

Jewel Damselfish Whitespotted Devilfish Damselfish TASL

Plectroglyphidodon leucozonus

Singlebar Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Plectropomus laevis Blacksaddle Coral Grouper Grouper TASL

Plectropomus leopardus Leopard Coral Grouper Grouper TASL

Plectropomus maculatus Spotted Coral Grouper Grouper TASL

Plesiops coeruleolineatus Crimsontip Longfin Longfin TASL

Plesiops corallicola Bluegill Longfin Longfin TASL

Plotosus lineatus Lineatus Catfish Striped Eel Catfish / Stripe Catfish Catfish TASL

Polydactylus sexfilis Sixfinger Threadfin Threadfin/Grunter TASL


Pomacanthus annularis Bluering Angelfish Angelfish TASL

Pomacanthus imperator Empetor Angelfish Angelfish TASL

Pomacanthus navarchus Majestic Angelfish Bluegirdled Angelfish Angelfish TASL

Pomacanthus semicirculatus

Blue Koran Angelfish Semicircle Angelfish Angelfish TASL

Pomacanthus sexstriatus 6-Barred Angelfish Angelfish TASL

Pomacanthus xanthometopon

Blueface Angelfish Yellowmasked Angelfish Angelfish TASL

Pomacentrus adelus Obscure Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Pomacentrus aurifrons Goldhead Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Pomacentrus bankanensis Speckled Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Pomacentrus bipunctatus Twinspot Damselfish Double Dot Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Pomacentrus brachialis Charcoal Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Pomacentrus burroughi Burrough's Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Pomacentrus chrysurus Whitetail Damselfish Yellowtail Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Pomacentrus coelestis Neon Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Pomacentrus colini Colin's Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Pomacentrus grammorhynchus

Bluespot Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Pomacentrus lepidogenys Scaly Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Pomacentrus melanochir Indonesian Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Pomacentrus milleri Milleri Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Pomacentrus moluccensis Lemon Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Pomacentrus nagasakiensis

Nagasaki Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Pomacentrus nigromanus Goldback Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Pomacentrus pavo Pavo Damselfish Sapphire Damselfish / Blue Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Pomacentrus philippinus Philippine Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Pomacentrus reidi Reid's Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Pomacentrus simsiang Blueback Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Pomacentrus stigma Blackspot Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Pomacentrus taeniometopon

Brackish Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Pomacentrus vaiuli Ocellate Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Premnas biaculeatus Maroon Clownfish Spinecheek Anemonefish Clownfish TASL

Priacanthus hamrur Moontail Bullseye Squirrelfish TASL

Priolepis cinctus Girdled Goby Goby TASL

Priolepis semidoliata Half-Barred Goby Goby TASL

Pristotis obtusirostris Gulf Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Psammoperca waigiensis Sand Bass Sea Bass TASL

Pseudanthias bartlettorum Bartlett's Anthias Anthias TASL

Pseudanthias bicolor Bicolor Anthias Anthias TASL

Pseudanthias dispar Peach Fairy Basslet Dispar Anthias Anthias TASL

Pseudanthias fasciatus Red-Stripe Basslet Anthias TASL

Pseudanthias huchtii Huchtii Anthias Red-Cheeked Fairy Basslet Anthias TASL

Pseudanthias hypselosoma

Stocky Anthias Pink Anthias Anthias TASL

Pseudanthias kashiwae Silver-Streak Goldie Anthias TASL

Pseudanthias luzonensis Luzon Fairy Basslet Anthias TASL

Pseudanthias pascalus Purple Queen Anthias Anthias TASL

Pseudanthias pleurotaenia Square Anthias Anthias TASL

Pseudanthias randalli Randall's Fairy Basslet Anthias TASL

Pseudanthias rubrizonatus Red-Blotched Basslet Anthias TASL

Pseudanthias smithvanizi Princess Anthias Anthias TASL

Pseudanthias squamipinnis

Sea Goldie Scalefin Anthias Anthias TASL

Pseudanthias tuka Tuka Anthias Purple Anthias / Yellowstriped Fairy Basslet

Anthias USL

Pseudechidna brummeri White Ribbon Eel Eel TASL

Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus

Yellowmargin Triggerfish Triggerfish TASL

Pseudobalistes fuscus Yellow-Spotted Triggerfish Triggerfish TASL

Pseudocheilinus evanidus 8-Lined Wrasse Striated Wrasse / Disappearing Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Pseudocheilinus hexataenia

6-Line Wrasse Sixstripe Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Pseudocheilinus tetrataenia

4-Stripe Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Pseudochromis bitaeniatus

Doublestriped Dottyback Dottyback TASL

Pseudochromis cyanotaenia

Surge Dottyback Dottyback TASL

Pseudochromis fuscus Yellow/Brown Dottyback Brown Dottyback Dottyback TASL

Pseudochromis paccagnellae

Royal Dottyback Dottyback TASL

Pseudochromis paranox Midnight Dottyback Dottyback TASL

Pseudochromis perspicillatus

Blackstripe Dottyback Dottyback TASL

Pseudochromis porphyreus

Magenta Dottyback Dottyback TASL

Pseudochromis sp. Raja Dottyback Dottyback TASL


Pseudocoris heteroptera Torpedo Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Pseudocoris yamashiroi Redspot Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Pseudodax moluccanus Chiseltooth Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Pseudomonocanthus macrurus

Strapweed Filefish Filefish TASL

Pseudoplesiops typus Hidden Basslet Dottyback TASL

Pteragogus flagellifer Cocktail Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Ptereleotris evides Blackfin Dartfish Twotone Dartfish Dartfish TASL

Ptereleotris grammica Lined Dartfish Dartfish TASL

Ptereleotris hanae Blue Hana Goby Goby TASL

Ptereleotris heteroptera Blacktail Goby Goby TASL

Ptereleotris microlepis Blue Gudgeon Gudgeonfish TASL

Ptereleotris monoptera Monofin Dartfish Dartfish TASL

Ptereleotris uroditaenia Flagtail Dartfish Dartfish TASL

Ptereleotris zebra Chinese Zebra Goby Goby TASL

Pterois antennata Antennata Lionfish Spotfin Lionfish / Broadbarred Firefish Lionfish TASL

Pterois radiata Whitefin Lionfish Clearfin Lionfish / Radial Firefish Lionfish TASL

Pterois volitans Black Peacock / Red Lionfish / Brown Lionfish

Lionfish TASL

Pygoplites diacanthus Regal Angelfish Angelfish USL

Rachycentron canadum Cobia Cobia TASL

Rhineacanthus aculeatus Humuhumu Triggerfish Picasso Triggerfish/Blackbar Triggerfish Triggerfish TASL

Rhinecanthus rectangulus Wedge-Tail Triggerfish Triggerfish TASL

Rhinecanthus verrucosus Blackbelly Triggerfish Blackspatch Triggerfish Triggerfish TASL

Rhinomuraena quaesita Blue/Black/WhiteRibbon Eel Ribbon Moray Moray TASL

Rhinopias aphanes Lacy Scorpionfish Scorpionfish TASL

Rhinopias frondosa Frondosa Scorpionfish Weedy Scorpionfish Scorpionfish TASL

Salarias ceramensis Seram Blenny Blenny TASL

Salarias fasciatus Jewelled Blenny Blenny TASL

Salarias guttatus Breast-Spot Blenny Blenny TASL

Salarias patzneri Patzner's Blenny Blenny TASL

Salarias segmentatus Segmented Blenny Blenny TASL

Salarias sinuosus Fringelip Blenny Blenny TASL

Salarias sp. Gray-Barred Blenny Salarias Blenny TASL

Sargocentron caudimaculatum

Silverspot Squirrelfish Tailspot Squirrelfish Squirrelfish TASL

Sargocentron cornutum 3-Spot Squirrelfish Squirrelfish TASL

Sargocentron diadema Crown Squirrelfish Squirrelfish TASL

Sargocentron ensiferum Yellow-Striped Squirrelfish Squirrelfish TASL

Sargocentron punctatissimum

Speckled Squirrelfish Squirrelfish TASL

Sargocentron spiniferum Sabre Squirrelfish Squirrelfish TASL

Scarus altipinnis Filament-fin Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL

Scarus chameleon Chameleon Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL

Scarus dimidiatus Yellowbarred Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL

Scarus flavipectoralis Yellowfin Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL

Scarus forsteni Bluepatch Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL

Scarus frenatus Bridled Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL

Scarus ghobban Blue-Barred Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL

Scarus globiceps Globehead Parrotfish Violet-lined Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL

Scarus niger Dusky Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL

Scarus oviceps Dark Capped Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL

Scarus prasiognathos Singapore Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL

Scarus psittacus Common Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL

Scarus psittacus Palenose Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL

Scarus rivulatus Surf Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL

Scarus rubroviolaceus Ember Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL

Scarus schelgeli Yellowband Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL

Scarus sordidus Bullethead Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL

Scarus sp. Common Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL

Scarus spinus Greensnout Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL

Scarus tricolor Tricolour Parrotfish Parrotfish TASL

Scolopsis affinis Pale Monocle Bream Monocle Bream TASL

Scolopsis bilineatus 2-Lined Monocle Bream Bridled Monocle Bream Monocle Bream TASL

Scolopsis ciliatus Whitestreak Monocle Bream Saw-jawed Monocle Bream / Silverline Bream

Monocle Bream TASL

Scolopsis ciliatus Silverline Bream Monocle Bream TASL

Scolopsis lineata Striped Monocle Bream Monocle Bream TASL

Scolopsis margaritifer Pearly Monocle Bream Monocle Bream TASL

Scolopsis monogramma Monogram Monocle Bream Monocle Bream TASL

Scolopsis xenochrous Pearl-streak Monocle Bream Monocle Bream TASL

Scorpaenodes parvipinnis Lowfin Scorpionfish Stone/Scorpionfish TASL

Scorpaenopsis diabolus False Stonefish Stone/Scorpionfish TASL

Scorpaenopsis macrochir Flasher Scorpionfish Stone/Scorpionfish TASL

Scorpaenopsis oxycephala Tasseled Scorpionfish Stone/Scorpionfish TASL


Scorpaenopsis papuensis Papuan Scorpionfish Stone/Scorpionfish TASL

Sebastapistes cyanostigma

Yellow-Spotted Scorpionfish Stone/Scorpionfish TASL

Selenotoca multifasciata Spotbanded Scatfish Scatfish TASL

Serranocirrhitus latus Hawkfish Anthias Anthias TASL

Siganus argenteus Streamlined Spinefoot Forktail Rabbitfish Rabbitfish TASL

Siganus canaliculatus White-Spotted Rabbitfish Vermiculated Rabbitfish Rabbitfish TASL

Siganus corallinus Blue-Spotted Spinefoot Rabbitfish TASL

Siganus doliatus Barred Rabbitfish Rabbitfish TASL

Siganus guttatus Golden Rabbitfish Rabbitfish TASL

Siganus javus Streaked Spinefoot Rabbitfish TASL

Siganus lineatus Golden-Lined Spinefoot Rabbitfish TASL

Siganus puellus Masked Spinefoot Rabbitfish TASL

Siganus punctatissimus Fine-Spotted Rabbitfish Rabbitfish TASL

Siganus spinus Little Spinefoot Scribbled Rabbitfish Rabbitfish TASL

Siganus vermiculatus Vermiculated Spinefoot Rabbitfish TASL

Siganus virgatus Barhead Spinefoot Rabbitfish TASL

Siganus vulpinus Foxface Rabbitfish Rabbitfish TASL

Signigobius biocellatus Twinspot Goby Signal Goby Goby TASL

Solenostomus paradoxus Ornate Ghosh Pipefish Ornate Ghosh Pipefish Pipefish TASL

Sphaeramia nematoptera Pajama Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL

Sphaeramia orbicularis Orbicular Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL

Stanulus seychellensis Seychelles Blenny Blenny TASL

Stegastes fasciolatus Pacific Gregory/Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Stegastes lividus Bluntsnout Gregory/Damselfish Marquesan Gregory Damselfish TASL

Stegastes nigricans Dusky Gregory/Damselfish Damselfish TASL

Stegostoma fasciatum Zebra Shark Shark LCSL

Stethojulis bandanensis Red Shoulder Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Stethojulis interrupta Cutribbon Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Stethojulis strigiventer 3-Ribbon Wrasse Three-line Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Stethojulis trilineata 3-Lined Rainbowfish Wrasse TASL

Stonogobiops xanthorhinica

Yellownose Prawn-Goby Goby TASL

Sufflamen bursa Bursa Triggerfish Boomerang Triggerfish Triggerfish TASL

Sufflamen chrysopterus Halfmoon Triggerfish Flagtail Triggerfish Triggerfish TASL

Sufflamen fraenatum Masked Triggerfish Bridled Triggerfish Triggerfish TASL

Symphorichthys spilurus Sailfin Snapper Snapperfish TASL

Synanceia horrida Estuarine Stonefish Stone/Scorpionfish TASL

Synanceia verrucosa Stonefish Stone/Scorpionfish TASL

Synchiropus bartlesi Bartel's Dragonet Dragonet TASL

Synchiropus marmoratus Marbled Dragonet Dragonet TASL

Synchiropus ocellatus Ocellated Dragonet Dragonet TASL

Synchiropus picturatus Picturesque Dragonet Dragonet TASL

Synchiropus splendidus Mandarinfish Dragonet TASL

Synodus rubromarmoratus Redmarbled Lizardfish Lizardfish TASL

Synodus variegatus Reef Lizardfish Variegated Lizardfish Lizardfish TASL

Taenianotus triacanthus Leaf Scorpionfish Stone/Scorpionfish TASL

Taeniura lymma Bluespotted Ribbontail Ray Stingray TASL

Thalassoma amblycephalum

Bluntheaded Wrasse Two-tone Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Thalassoma hardwicke 6-Bar Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Thalassoma jansenii Jansen's Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Thalassoma lunare Thalassoma Wrasse Moon Wrasse / Crescent Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Thalassoma lutescens Yellow-Brown Wrasse Sunset Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Thalassoma purpureum Surge Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Thalassoma quinquevittatum

5-Stripe Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Thalassoma trilobatum Christmas Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Toxotes chatareus Largescale Archerfish Archerfish TASL

Toxotes jaculatrix Banded Archerfish Archerfish TASL

Triaenodon obesus White-Tip Reef Shark Shark LCSL

Trichonotus halstead Goldbar Sand Diver Sand Diver TASL

Trichonotus setiger Spotted Sand-Diver Sand Diver TASL

Trimma naudei Naude's Rubble Goby Goby TASL

Trimma striata Stripehead Goby Goby TASL

Trimma tevegae Blue-Striped Cave Goby Goby TASL

Upeneus sulphureus Sulphur Goatfish Goatfish TASL

Upeneus tragula Freckled Goatfish Goatfish TASL

Upeneus vittatus Yellowstriped Goatfish Goatfish TASL

Uropterygius concolor Unicolor Snake Moray Moray TASL

Uropterygius macrocephalus

Needle-Tooth Moray Moray TASL

Valenciennea helsdingenii 2-Stripe Goby Goby TASL

Valenciennea longipinnis Long-Finned Goby Goby TASL

Valenciennea muralis Mural Goby Goby TASL


Valenciennea puellaris Maiden Goby Orange-Dashed Goby Goby TASL

Valenciennea sexguttata 6-Spot Goby Clear Goby Goby TASL

Valenciennea strigata Blueband Goby Goby TASL

Valenciennea wardii Ward's Sleeper Goby TASL

Vanderhorstia ambanoro Twin-Spotted Shrimp-Goby Goby TASL

Vanderhorstia mertensi Mertens' Prawn-Goby Goby TASL

Vanderhorstia ornatissima Ornate Prawn-Goby Goby TASL

Variola louti Yellow-Edged Lyretail Grouper TASL

Wetmorella nigropinnata Sharpnose Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Xenojulis margaritaceus Finspot Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Xiphasia setifer Hairtail Blenny Blenny TASL

Xyrichthys pavo Pavo Razorfish Razorfish TASL

Xyrichtys pentadactylus 5-Finger Wrasse Wrasse TASL

Yongeichthys nebulosus Shadow Goby Goby TASL

Zanclus cornotus Moorish Idol Morish Idol TASL

Zebrasoma rostratum Longnose Surgeonfish Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Zebrasoma scopas Brown Tang Twotone Tang Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Zebrasoma veliferum Sailfin Tang Tang/Surgeonfish TASL

Zoramia gilberti Gilbert's Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL

Zoramia leptacantha Threadfin Cardinalfish Cardinalfish TASL

Appendix 2: Marine Aquarium Invertebrates List

PNG MARINE AQUARIUM INVERTEBRATES SPECIES

Scientific Name Common Traded Name Other Common Name Other Traded

Name/s Group Classification

Acanthaster planci Crown-Of-Thorn Sea Star Sea Star TASL

Acanthella cavernosa Spiny Orange Sponge Sponge TASL

Acanthella sp. Ball Sponge Sponge TASL

Acanthozoon sp. Spotted Black Flatworm Marine Worm TASL

Actinodendron arboreum Branching Anemone Abonimate Sea Anemone Anemone TASL

Actinodendron sp. Hellfire Anemone Anemone TASL

Alioporcellana sp. Soft Coral Porcellanid Crab Crab TASL

Allogalathea elegans Elegant Squat Lobster Lobster TASL

Alpheus djiboutensis Djibout Snapping Shrimp Pistol Shrimp Shrimp TASL

Alpheus sp. Purple Shrimp Snapping Shrimp Shrimp TASL

Alpheus strenuus Symbiosis Shrimp Shrimp TASL

Alpheus yaldwyni Red Stripe Symbiosis Shrimp Shrimp TASL

Amphianthus sp. Colonial Anemone Anemone TASL

Amplexidicus sp. Elephant Ear Polyps Polyp TASL

Amplexidiscus fenestrafer Fenestrafer Elephant Ear Polyps Giant Cup (Fenestrafer) Polyp TASL

Aniculus maximum Hairy Hermit Crab Crab TASL

Arachnanthus sp. Nocturnal Tube Anemone Anemone TASL

Archaster typicus Sand Star Typical Sand Star Sea Star TASL

Architectonica perspectiva Sundial Shell Sea Shell TASL

Astraea caelata Star Snail Snail TASL

Astropecten sp. Sand Swifter Sea Star Sea Star TASL

Astropyga radiata Radiant Sea Urchin Fire Sea Urchin Sea Urchin TASL

Atrina pectinata Razor Clam Sea Shell TASL

Atriolum robustum Sea Squirts Ascidian TASL

Axiopsis sp. Ghost Shrimp Shrimp TASL

Bispira guinensis Feather Duster Pink Feather Duster Pink White Feather Sea Star TASL

Bornella anguilla Slippery Bornella Slug/Nudibranch USL

Briareum sp. Carpet Polyp Polyp TASL

Calappa calappa Shame-face Crab Crab TASL

Calappa hepatica Box Crab Livid Box Crab Crab TASL

Calcinus elegans Blue Legs Hermit Crab Crab TASL

Calcinus minutus Minute Hermit Crab Crab TASL

Calcinus sp. Red Leg/Blue Knuckle Hermit Crab Hermit Crab (Carcinus sp.) Crab TASL

Calcinus tibicen Red Leg Hermit Crab Crab TASL

Caloria indica Indian Ocean Caloria Slug/Nudibranch USL

Camposcia retusa Decorator Crabs Decorator Spider Crab Crab TASL


Caphyra sp. Decorator Spider Crab Crab TASL

Cassiopea andromeda Upside-down Jellyfish Jellyfish TASL

Celerina heffernani Heffernan's Sea Star Sea Star TASL

Ceratosoma sinuatum Miamira Sinuata Slug/Nudibranch TASL

Cerianthus sp. Tube Anemone Anemone TASL

Charybdis sp. Swimming Crabs Crab TASL

Cheilodonura electra Electric Tailed Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL

Chelidonura inornata Inormate Tailed Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL

Chelidonura sp. Chelidonura Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL

Chicoreus microphyllus Short-fronded Murex Shell Sea Shell TASL

Chicoreus ramosus Ramosus Murex Shell Sea Shell TASL

Chlamys squamosa Scallop Sea Shell TASL

Choriaster granulatus Pillow Sea Star Doughboy Sea Star

Cushion Sea Star Sea Star TASL

Chromodoris bullocki Antenna Purple Sea Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL

Chromodoris egrettae Egrett's Sea Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL

Chromodoris elizabethina Elizabeth's Sea Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL

Chromodoris geometrica Geometric Sea Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL

Chromodoris kuiteri Antenna Orange Sea Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL

Chromodoris kuniei Kuniei's Sea Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL

Chromodoris lochi Antenna White Sea Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL

Chromodoris magnifica Magnificent Sea Slug Magnificent Chromodoris Slug/Nudibranch USL

Chromodoris quadricolor Antenna Multicolor Sea Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL

Chromodoris reticulata Reticulated Sea Slug Sea Slug USL

Chromodoris sp. Black Sea Slug Black Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL

Chromodoris strigata Strigate Chromodoris Slug/Nudibranch USL

Cladiella sp. Soft Coral Colt Tree Soft Coral TASL

Clathria sp. Peach Encrusting Sponge Sea Sponge TASL

Clavularia sp. Star Polyps (Clavularia sp.) Polyp TASL

Clavularia viridis Star Polyps (Viridis) Polyp TASL

Clibanarius seurati Hermit Crab (Seurati) Crab TASL

Clibanarius sp. Hermit Crab Crab TASL

Collisella striata Limpet Sea Shell TASL

Colobocentrotus atratus Shield Sea Urchin Sea Urchin TASL

Colochirus robustus Yellow Mini Sea Cucumber Sea Cucumber BSL

Comanthina schlegelii Noble Feather Sea Star Sea Shell TASL

Comanthus parvicirrus Black Feather Sea Star

Feather Sea Star TASL

Comanthus sp. Colored Feather Sea Star Feather Sea Star TASL

Comaster multifidus Brown Feather Sea Star Feather Sea Star TASL

Conus capitaneus Cone Shell Sea Shell TASL

Conus eburneus Ivory Cone Shell Spotted Cone Shell Sea Shell TASL

Conus flavidus Flavidus Cone Shell Sea Shell TASL

Conus litteratus Litter Cone Shell Sea Shell TASL

Conus marmoreus Marbled Cone Shell Sea Shell TASL

Conus planorbis Planorbis Cone Shell Sea Shell TASL

Conus sp. Cone Snail Sea Shell TASL

Conus textilus Textile Cone Shell Sea Shell TASL

Conus vexillum Cone Shell Sea Shell TASL

Conus virgo Virgo Cone Shell Sea Shell TASL

Coralliophila neritoidea Pink Shell Coral Shell Sea Shell TASL

Coriocella nigra Black Shell Slug Black Coriocella Sea Shell USL

Cryptodendrum adhaesivum Adhesive Sea Anemone Anemone TASL


Ctenocella sp. Flayed Sea Fan Anemone TASL

Cucumaria miniata Pink Sea Cucumber Sea Cucumber BSL

Culcita novaeguineae Pin Cushion Sea Star Pillow Sea Star Sea Star TASL

Culcita sp. Square Sea Star Sea Star TASL

Cymatium lotorium Black-spotted Triton Hairy Trumpet Shell Sea shell TASL

Cypraea annulus Gold-Ringed Money Cowry Sea Shell TASL

Cypraea arabica Arabica Cowry Sea Shell TASL

Cypraea argus Argus Cowry Eyed Cowry Sea Shell TASL

Cypraea aurantium Aurantium Cowry Sea Shell TASL

Cypraea chinensis Chinese Cowry Sea Shell TASL

Cypraea eglantina Eglantina Cowry Sea Shell TASL

Cypraea erosa Erosa Cowry Eroded Cowry Univalves TASL

Cypraea histrio Histrio Cowry Sea Shell TASL

Cypraea lynx Lynx Cowry Univalves TASL

Cypraea moneta Money Cowry Sea Shell TASL

Cypraea ovum Ovum Cowry Sea Shell TASL

Cypraea sp. Cowry Sea Shell TASL

Cypraea teres Teres Cowry Sea Shell TASL

Cypraea tigris Tiger Cowry Sea Shell TASL

Cypraea vitellus Vitellus Cowry Sea Shell TASL

Dardanus guttatus Blue-spotted Hermit Crab Red Knee Hermit Crab Crab TASL

Dardanus lagopodes Red Banded Hermit Crab Crab TASL

Dardanus megistos Red Hermit Crab White-spotted Hermit Crab Crab TASL

Dardanus pedunculatus Anemone Hermit Crab Crab TASL

Dardanus sp. Hermit Crab Crab TASL

Dascycaris zanzibarica Zanzibar Shrimp Shrimp TASL

Dematobranchus sp. Speckled Dematobranchus Slug/Nudibranch USL

Dendronephthya sp. Cauliflower Soft Coral Soft Coral TASL

Diadema savignyi Long Spined Hatpin Urchins (Savignyi) Sea Urchin TASL

Diadema setosum Long Spined Hatpin Urchins (Setosum) Sea Urchin TASL

Didemnum molle Green Sea Squirt TASL

Discosoma sp. Mushroom Corallimoph TASL

Dolabella auricularia Eared Sea Hare Shoulderblade Sea Cat/Blunt-end Sea Hare Sea Hare TASL

Drupa morum Drupe Shell Purple Drupe / Mulberry Drupe / Sharp Shell Sea Shell TASL

Drupa rubusidaeus Drupe Shell Sea Shell TASL

Echinaster luzonicus Luzon Sea Star Orange Sea Star Sea Star TASL

Echinogorgia sp. Stolid Sea Fan Sea Star TASL

Echinometra mathaei Common Algae Sea Urchins Mathae's Rock Boring Sea Urchin Sea Urchin TASL

Echinometra sp. Rock boring Sea Urchin Pencil Sea Urchin Sea Urchin TASL

Echinostrephus aciculatus Needle Spined Sea Urchin Sea Urchin TASL

Echinothrix calamaris Banded Urchin Long Spined Hatpin Urchins Sea Urchin TASL

Echinothrix diadema Short Spine Hatpin Urchin Double-Spined Sea Urchin Sea Urchin TASL

Enoplometopus debelius Purple Reef Lobster Lobster TASL

Enoplometopus occidentalis

Oriental Reef Lobster / Red Hairy Reef Lobster Lobster TASL

Entacmaea quadricolor Bubbletip Anemone Bulb Anemone Anemone TASL

Erythropodium sp. Encrusting Carpet Polyps Polyp TASL

Etisus sp. Reef Crab Crab TASL

Eurythoe complanata Bristle Worm Polychaete Worm TASL

Flabellina bilas Bilas Flabellina Slug/Nudibranch USL

Flabellina exoptata Desired Flabellina Slug/Nudibranch USL

Fromia indica Indian Sea Star Sea Star TASL

Fromia milleporella Thousand-pores Sea Star Sea Star TASL

Fromia monilis Red Starfish Dotty White Necklace Sea Star Sea Star TASL

Fromia sp. Purple-Tip Sea Star Sea Star TASL

Galathea sp. White-Spotted Squat Lobster Lobster TASL

Glossodoris atromarginata Black-Margined Glossodoris Slug/Nudibranch USL

Glossodoris cincta Girdled Glossodoris Sea Star TASL

Gomophia egeriae Egeri's Sea Star Sea Star TASL

Gomophia watsoni Watson's Sea Star Sea Star TASL


Gomphia gomphia Beaded Sea Star Sea Star TASL

Gorgonian fan Colored Gorgonian Sea Fan TASL

Halgerda aurantiomaculata Gold-Spotted Halgerda Slug/Nudibranch USL

Haliclona sp. Trumpet sponge Sponge TASL

Halimeda capiosa Coralline Alga Algae TASL

Haliotis ovina Ovate Abalone Sheep's Ear Abalone Sea Shell TASL

Haliotis sp. Miscellaneous Gastropod Sea Shell TASL

Hamodactylus corallicola Mushroom Coral Shrimp Shrimp TASL

Hapalochiaena maculosa Blue Ring Octopus Octopus TASL

Heteractis aurora Beaded Anemone Anemone LCSL

Heteractis crispa Sand Anemone Leathery Sea Anemone Anemone LCSL

Heteractis magnifica Purple Base Anemone Magnificent Sea Anemone Anemone LCSL

Heteractis malu Delicate Sea Anemone Anemone LCSL

Heteractis sp. Clown Anemone Leathery Sea Anemone Anemone LCSL

Heterocentrotus mammillatus Globe Sea Urchin Sea Urchin TASL

Hexabranchus sanguineus Giant Spanish Dancer Slug/Nudibranch USL

Himerometra robustipinna Robust Feather Star


Holothuria atra Sand Cucumber Black Sea Cucumber BSL

Holothuria edulis Pink Sea Cucumber Sea Cucumber BSL

Holothuria floridana Atlantic Sea Cucumber Sea Cucumber BSL

Holothuria fuscogilva White Teatfish Sea Cucumber Sea Cucumber BSL

Holothuria hilla Papillate Sea Cucumber Sea Cucumber BSL

Holothuria leucospilota Snakefish Sea Cucumber Sea Cucumber BSL

Holothuria nobilis Black Teatfish Sea cucumber Sea Cucumber BSL

Huenia heraldica Arrowhead Crab Crab TASL

Hymmenocera picta Harlequin Shrimp Shrimp TASL

Hyotissa hyotis Giant Coxcomb Oyster Sea Shell TASL

Hypselodoris bullockii

Bullock's Hypselodoris Nudibranch Sea Slug USL

Jorunna funebris Jorunna's Sea Slug White Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL

Junceela fragilis Delicate Sea Whip Sea Whip TASL

Lambis chiragra Chiragra Spider Shell Sea Shell TASL

Lambis lambis Lambis Spider Conch Shell Sea Shell TASL

Lambis scorpius Scorpion Spider Shell Sea Shell TASL

Latrunculia corticata Red Finger Sponge / Orange Finger Sponge Sponge TASL

Lima scabra Flame Scallop Red File Shell Clam Sea Shell TASL

Lima sp. Flame Shell Sea Shell TASL

Limaria fragilis Fragile Fire Shell Sea Shell TASL

Linckia guildingi Yellow Sea Star Sea Star TASL

Linckia laevigata Blue Starfish Sea Star TASL

Linckia multiflora Multicolored Sea Star Sea Star TASL

Linckia sp. Orange Starfish Sea Star TASL

Lissocarcinus laevis Sea Anemone Crab Crab TASL

Lithophyton arboreum Arboreum Soft Coral Soft Coral TASL

Lobophytum sp. Leather Finger Soft Coral (Lobophytum sp.) Soft Coral TASL

Lopha cristagalli Cock's Comb Oyster Sea Shell TASL

Lophiotoma acuta Marbled Turrid Shell Sea Star TASL

Lybia tessellata Boxer Crab Crab TASL

Lysmata amboinensis Orange Skunk Shrimp Amboin Cleaner Shrimp Shrimp TASL

Lysmata sp. Peppermint Shrimp Shrimp TASL

Macrodactyla doreensis Corkscrew Tenticle Anemone Anemone LCSL

Macrodactyla sp. Long Tentacle Anemone Anemone LCSL

Maja squinado Spiny Spider Crab Crab TASL

Majidae sp. Decorator Crab Crab TASL

Mancinella echinata Prickly Rock Shell Sea Shell TASL

Megalomma sp. Variegated Feather Duster Feather Sea Star TASL

Melible fimbriata Common Crab Crab TASL

Mespilia sp. Multicolor Short Spine Urchin Sea Urchin TASL

Mespilla globulus Globe Urchin Sea Urchin TASL

Mictyris sp. Soldier Crab Crab TASL


Nardoa novaecaledoniae Speckled Sea Star Sea Star TASL

Nardoa sp. Speckled Sea Star Sea Star TASL

Nardoa turberculata Tuberculate Sea Star Speckled Sea Star Sea Star TASL

Nassarius papillosus Dog Whelk Sea Shell TASL

Nembrotha lineolata Lined Nembrotha Slug/Nudibranch USL

Nempthea sp. Nempthea Soft Coral Soft Coral TASL

Neocallichirus sp. Orange Ghost Shrimp Shrimp TASL

Neoferdina cumingi Cumming's Sea Star Sea Star TASL

Neopetrolisthes maculatus Anemone Porcelain Crab Crab TASL

Neopetrolisthes ohshimai Oshima's Porcellanid Crab Crab TASL

Nephthyigorgia sp. Red Chillie Soft Coral Soft Coral TASL

Nepthea sp. Soft Coral Soft Coral TASL

Nerita polita Nerita Shell Sea Shell TASL

Notodoris gardeneri Yellow Sea Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL

Notodoris sp. Winged Notodoris Slug/Nudibranch USL

Octopus sp. Common Octopus Octopus TASL

Octopus vulgaris Brown Octopus Squitte Brown Octopus TASL

Octopus zebra Zebra Octopus Wanderpus Octopus LCSL

Odontodactylus scyllarus Green Mantis Shrimp

Mantis Shrimp / Harlequin Mantis Shrimp Shrimp TASL

Opheodesoma sp. Worm Sea Cucumber Sea Cucumber BSL

Ophiarachna incrassata Green Brittle Sea Star Brittle Sea Star TASL

Ophiarachna sp. Brittle Sea Star Sea Star TASL

Ophiarachnella gorgonia Brown Banded Brittle Sea Star Gorgon Brittle Sea Star Brittle Sea Star TASL

Ophiarachnella sp. Banded Brittle Sea Star Brittle Sea Star TASL

Ophiarthrum elegans Elegant Brittle Sea Star Brittle Sea Star TASL

Ophiarthrum pictum Brittle Sea Star Pictum Brittle Sea Star TASL

Ophiathrum sp. Sea Fan Brittle Sea Star Sea Star TASL

Ophiocoma sp. Black Brittle Sea Star Black Brittle Star / Black/Spiny Brittle Star Brittle Sea Star TASL

Ophioderma sp. Colored Brittle Sea Star

Black Brittle Starffish / White Brittle Starffish / Gray Brittle Starffish

Banded Serpent Sea Star Brittle Sea Star TASL

Ophiolepis sp. Serpent Sea Star Sea Star TASL

Ophiolepis superba Black Banded Sea Star Superba Serpent Star Sea Star TASL

Ophiomastix janualis Black Brittle Sea Star Babysitting Brittlestar Brittle Sea Star TASL

Ophiomastix sp. Brittle Sea Star Brittle Sea Star TASL

Ophiomastix variabilis Elegant Brittle Sea Star Brittle Sea Star TASL

Ophionereis reticulata Reticulated Brittle Star Sea Star TASL

Ophionereis sp. Reticulated Brittle Star Sea Star TASL

Ophiothrix armata Common Brittle Seastar Sea Star TASL

Ophiothrix nereidina Pupple-striped Sea Star Sea Star TASL

Ophiothrix purpurea Purple Sponge Brittle Sea Star Sea Fan Brittle Star Brittle Sea Star TASL

Ophiothrix sp. Sponge Brittle Sea Star Brittle Sea Star TASL

Ophiothrix sp. Fancy Yellow Sea Star Sponge Brittle Star Brittle Sea Star TASL

Ophiothrum pictum Painted Brittle Sea Star Brittle Sea Star TASL

Ovula ovum Egg Cowry Sea Shell TASL

Oxycomanthus bennetti Bennett's Feather Sea Star


Oxycomanthus sp. Colored Feather Sea Star Feather Sea Star TASL

Pachyclavularia violacea Star Polyps Polyp TASL

Paguristes sp. Red Legged Hermit Crab Crab TASL

Palinurella wieneckii Red Dwarf Spiny Lobster Lobster TASL

Palythoa caesia Investing Zoanthids Zoanthid TASL


Palythoa sp. False Coral Polyp Zoanthid TASL

Palythoa tuberculosa Tuberculosa Polyp Zoanthid TASL

Panulirus versicolor Spiny Lobster Painted Rock Lobster Lobster TASL

Parasalenia gratiosa Short Spinned Sea Urchin Sea Urchin TASL

Parasalenia poehlii Poehl's Urchin Sea Urchin TASL

Parasalenis gratiosa White-Tip Sea Urchin Sea Urchin TASL

Parazoanthus gracilis Polyps Rock Polyp TASL

Parazoanthus sp. Wood Polyps Zoanthid TASL

Parribacus antarcticus Sculptured Slipper Lobster Lobster TASL

Patelloida saccharina Limpet Sea Shell TASL

Pedum spondyloideum Coral Scallop Sea Shell TASL

Percnon guinotae Guinot's Swift Footed Crab Crab TASL

Periclimenes brevicarpalis Sexy Shrimp Anemone Shrimp Shrimp TASL

Periclimenes holthuisi Sexy Anemone Shrimp

Glass Anemone Shrimp / Holthuis's Shrimp Shrimp TASL

Periclimenes imperator Emperor Shrimp Shrimp TASL

Periclimenes magnificus Magnificent Shrimp Shrimp TASL

Periclimenes soror Sea Star Shrimp Soror Shrimp Shrimp TASL

Periclimenes sp. Snow-Cap Shrimp Shrimp TASL

Periclimenes tenuipes Glass Shrimp Shrimp TASL

Periclimenes tosaensis Tosaensis Anemone Shrimp Anemone shrimp Shrimp TASL

Periclimenes venustus Graceful Shrimp Shrimp TASL

Phakellia flabillata Orange Fan Sponge Sponge TASL

Phallusia julinea Julin's Ascidian Ascidian TASL

Philinopsis gardineri Gardener's Tailed Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL

Phos senticosus Common Pacific Phos Shell Sea Shell TASL

Phyllidia arabica Arabica Black Nudibranch (Assorted) Slug/Nudibranch USL

Phyllidia babai Baba's Phyllidia Slug/Nudibranch USL

Phyllidia coelestis Celestrial Phyllidia Slug/Nudibranch USL

Phyllidia elegans White Nudibranch (Assorted) Slug/Nudibranch USL

Phyllidia ocellata Ocellate Phyllidia Ocellate Warty Sea Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL

Phyllidia pustulosa Pustolose Sea Slug Pustolose Phyllidia Slug/Nudibranch USL

Phyllidia sp. Red Turtle Nudibranch Warty Sea Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL

Phyllidia varicosa Varicose Sea Slug Fish Killing Nudibranch Slug/Nudibranch USL

Phyllidia willani Willan's Sea Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL

Phyllidiopsis shireenae Shiren's Phyllidiopsis Slug/Nudibranch USL

Pinctada margaritifera Blacklip Pearl Shell Pearl Oyster Sea Shell TASL

Pinna bicolor Pen Shell Sea Shell TASL

Pisaster sp. Pisaster Sea Star Sea Star TASL

Plagusia depressa Surge Crab Crab TASL

Plagusia depressa. Red Spotted Sea Slug Sea Slug USL

Plakobranchus sp. Hooded Plakobranchus Green Sea Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL

Pleurobranchus grandis Tailed Sea Slug Sea Slug USL

Pleuroploca filamentosa Threaded Band Shell Sea Shell TASL

Polycarpa aurata Monkey Sponge Gold-mouthed Ascidian Sponge TASL

Polychaeta terebellidae Spaghetti Worm Marine Worm TASL

Polythoa caesia False Coral Polyp Zoanthid TASL

Prionociclaris baculosa Crown Spined Pencil Urchin Sea Urchin TASL

Protopalythoa grandis Button Polyps Big Colonial Polyps Polyp TASL

Protoreaster nodosus Chocolate Chip Sea Star Horned Sea Star Sea Star TASL

Protoreaster sp. Horned Starfish Sea Star TASL

Protorester nodosus Chocolate Chip Sea Star Sea Star TASL


Protorester sp. Chocolate Sea Star Sea Star TASL

Protula bispiralis Coco Worm Marine Worm TASL

Pseudobiceros hancockanus Handcock Flatworm Marine Worm TASL

Pseudoceros dimidiatus Dimidiatus Polyclad flatworm Marine Worm TASL

Pseudoceros sp. Polyclad Flatworm Marine Worm TASL

Pseudocolchirus sp. Sea Apple Multicolour Sea Cucumber BSL

Pseudosuberites andrewsi Yellow Sponge Sponge TASL

Pseudovertagus aluco Aluco's Shell Sea Shell TASL

Pteraeolidia ianthina Violet Pteraeolidia Slug/Nudibranch TASL

Reticulidia fungia Abstract Reticulidia Slug/Nudibranch USL

Reticulidia halgerda Decorated Reticulidia Slug/Nudibranch USL

Rhodactis inchoata Small Elephant Ear Corallimoph TASL

Rhodactis indosinensis

Small Hairy Elephant Ear Corallimorphs Corallimoph TASL

Rhodactis mussoides Oval Elephant Ear Corallimophs Corallimoph TASL

Rhodactis rhodostoma Giant Cup (Rhodostoma) Corallimoph TASL

Rhodactis sp. Bullseye Mushroom Corallimoph TASL

Rhopalaea crassa Blue Ascidians Tude Asidians Ascidian TASL

Rhynchocinetes durbanensis Camel Shrimp Hinge-beak Shrimp Durban Shrimp Shrimp TASL

Rhynchocinetes sp. Hinge-beak Shrimp Red Shrimp Shrimp TASL

Ricordea sp. Beaded Corallimorph Mushroom Corallimoph TASL

Ricordea yuma Pimple Mushroom Mushroom Coral TASL

Risbecia imperialis Imperial Risbecia Slug/Nudibranch USL

Robastra arika (Roboastra)

Black Nudibranch / Green Nudibranch Slug/Nudibranch USL

Robastra sp. (Roboastra) Green Nudibranch Slug/Nudibranch USL

Sabellastarte indica Indica Tube Worm Marine Worm TASL

Sabellastarte magnifica Magnificient Tube Worm Marine Worm TASL

Sabellastarte sp. Feather Duster Assorted Paper Tube Worm Feather Sea Star TASL

Sabellastarte spectabilis Feather Duster


Sacrophyton ehrenbergi

Leather Mushroom Soft Coral (Ehrenbergi) Soft Coral TASL

Sarcophyton glaucum

Leather Mushroom Soft Coral (Glaucum) Soft Coral TASL

Sarcophyton sp. Leather Mushroom Soft coral Soft Coral TASL

Sarcophyton teniu spiculatum

Leather Mushroom Soft Coral (Teniu Spiculatum) Soft Coral TASL

Sarcoptilus sp. Sea Comb / Sea Pen Soft Coral TASL

Saron inermis Marble Shrimp Shrimp TASL

Saron marmoratus Marble Shrimp Marmorate Shrimp Shrimp TASL

Saron rectirostris Purple Legs Marble Shrimp Shrimp TASL

Saron sp. Tapestry Shrimp Marble Shrimp Shrimp TASL

Sinularia dura Flower Leather Soft Coral Soft Coral TASL

Sinularia flexibilis Leather Finger Soft Coral (Flexibilis) Soft Coral TASL

Sinularia sp. Leather Finger Soft Coral (Sinularia sp.) Soft Coral TASL

Spirastrella vagabunda Mound Sponge Sponge TASL

Spirobranchus corniculatus Multicolor Worms (Porites) Marine Worm TASL

Spirobranchus giganteus Christmas Tree Worms

Polychaete Worm TASL

Spondylus sp. Thorny Oyster Sea Shell TASL

Stegopontonia commensalis Sea Urchin Shrimps Shrimp TASL

Stenopus cyanoscelis Blue Legs Boxing Shrimp Shrimp TASL

Stenopus hispidus Banded Coral Shrimp Banded Shrimp Shrimp TASL

Stenopus sp. Banded Coral Shrimp Shrimp TASL

Stenopus tenuirostris Blue Boxer Shrimp Shrimp TASL

Stenopus zanzibaricus

Red Boxing Shrimp / Yellow Boxing Shrimp Shrimp TASL


Stepanometra comaster Giant Feather Sea Star


Stichodactyla gigantea Giant Carpet Anemone Gigantic Sea Anemone Anemone LCSL

Stichodactyla haddoni Carpet Anemone Haddon's Sea Anemone Anemone LCSL

Stichodactyla mertensii Merten's Carpet Anemone Anemone LCSL

Stichodactyla sp. Multicolor Carpet Anemone Anemone LCSL

Stichopus horrens Dragon Fish Sea Cucumber Sea Cucumber TASL

Strombus alatus Conch Sea Shell TASL

Strombus aratrum Black Mouthed Stromb Shell Sea Shell TASL

Strombus aurisdianea Aurisdianea Stromb Shell Sea Shell TASL

Strombus bula Stromb Shell (Bulla) Spiny Strumbus Sea Shell TASL

Strombus epidromis Stromb Shell (Epidromis) Sea Shell TASL

Strombus gibberulus Gibbose Stromb Shell Sea Shell TASL

Strombus luhuanus Luhuanus Stromb Shell Red Mouthed Stromb Shell Sea Shell TASL

Strombus minimus Minimus Stromb Shell Sea Shell TASL

Strombus sp. Stromb Shell Sea Shell TASL

Strombus variabilis Variable Stromb Shell Sea Shell TASL

Studeriotes sp. Christmas Tree Soft Coral Soft Coral TASL

Stylissa carteri Corn Sponge Sponge TASL

Stylissa sp. Tube, Lollipop Sponge Sponge TASL

Stylocheilus longicauda Sea Hare Algae Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL

Synalpheus stimpsonii Black Shrimp Shrimp TASL

Synapta maculata Spotted Sea Cucumber (Medusa worm) Sea Cucumber TASL

Tectarius pagodus Periwinkle Gastropod Sea Shell TASL

Tectus niloticus Top Shell Sea Shell TASL

Tectus sp. Pyramid Top Shell Sea Shell TASL

Thais armigera Armigera Rock Shell Drupe Shell Sea Shell TASL

Thais tuberosa Tuber-like Rock Shell Sea Shell TASL

Thor amboinensis Amboin Anemone Shrimp Sexy Pistol Shrimp Shrimp TASL

Thuridilla splendens Splendid Sap Sucker Slug Slug/Nudibranch USL

Thysanozoon sp. Polyclad Flatworm Marine Worm TASL

Toxopneustes pileolus Flower Urchin Poison Sea Urchins Sea Urchin TASL

Trachycardium orbita Cardita Clam Sea Shell TASL

Trapezia rufopunctata Trapezia Crab Crab TASL

Trapezia sp. Coral Crab Trapezia Crab Crab TASL

Tridacna crocea Burrowing Giant Clam Sea Shell BSL

Tridacna maxima Elongate Giant Clam Sea Shell BSL

Tridacna squamosa Fluted Giant Clam Sea Shell BSL

Tripneustes gratilla Cake Urchin Sea Urchin TASL

Trizopagurus strigatus Strigated Hermit Crab Crab TASL

Trochus maculatus Maculatus Top Shell Maculate Shell Sea Shell TASL

Turbo chrysostoma Turban Shell (Chrysostoma) Sea Shell TASL

Turbo niloticus Niloticus Turban Shell Sea Shell TASL

Turbo petholatus Cat's Eye Turban Shell Sea Shell TASL

Turbo sp. Cat's Eye Turban Shell Sea Shell TASL

Uca vomerus Fiddler Crab Crab TASL

Valonia ventricosa Sailor's Eyeball Algae TASL

Vexillum luculentum Black Banded Mitre Shell Mitre Shell TASL

Vexillum sp. Mitre Shell Sea Shell TASL

Vir philippinensis Philippine Shrimp Shrimp TASL

Virgularia sp. Sea Pen Sea Pen TASL

Xenia sp. Pulse Soft Coral Soft Coral TASL

Xenocarcinus depressus Gorgonia Spider Crab Crab TASL

Zebrida adamsii Urchin Crab Crab TASL

Zoanthus sp. Colonial Polyps Polyp TASL

Appendix 3: Marine Aquarium Hard and Soft Corals List traded

PAPUA NEW GUINEA MARINE AQUARIUM CORAL SPECIES

1 Hard Corals Acanthastrea enchinata Acanthastrea



2 Hard Corals Acanthastrea lordhowensis Acanthastrea

3 Hard Corals Acropora formosa Staghorn Acropora Coral

4 Hard Corals Acropora sp. Branch Acropora

5 Hard Corals Alveopora Sp. Flowerpot Coral

6 Hard Corals Blastomussa merletti Salim Pipe/Blastomussa Pipe

7 Hard Corals Blastomussa wellsi Swollen Brain Coral

8 Hard Corals Catalaphyllia jardinei Elegant Coral

9 Hard Corals Caulestrea curvata Trumpet Coral

10 Hard Corals Caulestrea furcata Candy Cane Coral

11 Hard Corals Cynarina lacrymalis Modern Coral

12 Hard Corals Enchinophyllia sp. Enchinophyllia

13 Hard Corals Euphylia yaeyamaensis Tube Branch Grape Coral

14 Hard Corals Euphyllia ancora Hammer Coral

15 Hard Corals Euphyllia divisa Frogspawn/Anchor Coral

16 Hard Corals Euphyllia glabrescens Torch Coral

17 Hard Corals Euphyllia paradivisa Torch Coral

18 Hard Corals Euphyllia sp Green Branch Coral

19 Hard Corals Favia sp. Moon Stone Coral

20 Hard Corals Favites sp. Pineapple Coral

21 Hard Corals Fungia sp. Short Polyp Plate Coral

22 Hard Corals Galaxea fascicularis Galaxi Star Coral

23 Hard Corals Goniopora sp. Jewel or Flowerpot Coral

24 Hard Corals Heliofungia actiniformis Long Tentacled Green Plate Coral

25 Hard Corals Heliofungia sp. Long TentacledPlate Coral

26 Hard Corals Labophyllia hemprichii Brain Coral

27 Hard Corals Leptoria phrygia True Brain Coral

28 Hard Corals Lobophylia sp. Flat Brain Coral

29 Hard Corals Merulina sp. Ruffled Coral

30 Hard Corals Montipora danae Superman Danae

31 Hard Corals Montipora sp. Montipora Coral

32 Hard Corals Nemenzophyllia turbida Fox Coral

33 Hard Corals Pectinia paeonia Palm Lettuce Coral

34 Hard Corals Physogyra lichtensteini Pearl/ Bubble Coral

35 Hard Corals Physogyra sp. Rice Coral

36 Hard Corals Plerogyra simplex Branch Bubble Coral

37 Hard Corals Plerogyra sinuosa Cat-eye/Bubble Coral

38 Hard Corals Pocillopora verrucosa Pink Cauliflower

39 Hard Corals Polyphyllia talpina Slipper/Tongue Coral

40 Hard Corals Porites cylindrica Jeweled Finger Coral

41 Hard Corals Porites sp. Porites Sp. W/Multicolor Feather Duster

42 Hard Corals Scleractina sp. Live Rock w/ Red Algae

43 Hard Corals Scolymia sp. Doughnut Coral

44 Hard Corals Seriatopora histrix Birdnest Coral

45 Hard Corals Symphyllia sp. Dented Brain Coral

46 Hard Corals Trachyphyllia geofroyi Open Brain Coral

47 Hard Corals Tubastrea faulkneri Sun Coral

48 Hard Corals Tubastrea micrantha Black Sun Coral

49 Hard Corals Tubinaria reniformis Yellow Scroll Coral

50 Hard Corals Tubipora musica Organ Pipe Coral



51 Hard Corals Turbinaria peltata Pagoda / Cup Coral

52 Hard Corals Wellosophyllia sp. Open Brain

53 Soft Corals Cladiella sp. Soft Coral Colt Tree


II. RESOURCE ASSESSMENT & MANAGEMENT (RAM) SURVEY FORMS AND SHEETS

Appendix 4: Dive Site Description Table

PNG Resource Assessment & Management (RAM) Survey Dive Site Description Sheet

Reef Name:

BASIC INFORMATION

Owner/s of the Reefs: Province/District: Area/Site

Date: Time: Start of survey:

End of

survey:

Latitude (deg. min. sec):

Longitude (deg. min.

sec) :

Reefs Structure: Fringing Reefs Barrier Reefs Islets

Spur and

Groove

Platform (mid-

lagoon) Drop-off

Seagrass

beds Atolls

Marine Habitat: Reefs: Sand: Rock: Mud:

Beach:

Transect Orientation: S-N N-S E-W W-E

NW-SE SE-NW NE-SW SW-NE

Depth: Minimum Depth Maximum Depth

Distance : from shore (m): from nearest river (km):

River mouth width: <10 m 11-50 m

51-100

m 101-500 m

Distance to nearest population center (km):

Population size

(x1000):

Travel Time from Airport: Type of Transportation

Communication: Cellphone Landline

Sat-

Phone Radio

Weather: sunny cloudy raining

Visibility (m) :

Why is this site selected:

Is this best reef in the

area? Yes: No :

IMPACTS:

Is this site:

Always

sheltered: Sometimes: Exposed:

Major coral damaging storms Yes: No If yes, When was last storm:


Overall anthropogenic impact None: Low: Med: High:

Is siltation a problem Never: Occasionally: Often: Always:

Blast fishing None: Low: Med: High:

Poison fishing (plants,

Sodium Cyanide) None: Low: Med: High:

Aquarium fishing None: Low: Med: High:

Harvest inverts for food None: Low: Med: High:

Harvest inverts for curio

sales None: Low: Med: High:

Tourist diving/snorkeling: None: Low: Med: High:

Sewage pollution (outfall or

boat) None: Low: Med: High:

Industrial pollution None: Low: Med: High:

Commercial fishing (fish

caught to sell for food) None: Low: Med: High:

Live food fish trade None: Low: Med: High:

Artisinal/recreational

(personal consumption) None: Low: Med: High:

How many yachts are

typically present within 1km

of this site None: Few (1-2):

Med (3-

5): Many (>5):

Other impacts:

PROTECTION:

Any protection (legal or

other) at this site? Yes No If yes, answer questions below

Is protection enforced Yes: No:

What is the level of poaching

in protected area? None: Low: Med: High

Check which activities below

are banned:

Spearfishing

Commercial fishing

Recreational fishing

Invertebrate or shell

collecting

Anchoring

Diving

Other (please specify)

Other comments

TEAM INFORMATION


Submitted by Site Coordinator:

Team Leader:

Team Members:

Note: All pink boxes should be answered


Appendix 5: Spreadsheet Sample for inputting invertebrates

Papua New Guinea Assessment &Management (RAM) Survey Invertebrates Data Entry Sheets

DATE PROVIN

CE DISTRI

CT FMA TYPE OF SURVEY TRANSECT NAME RECORDER

REEF ZONE HABITAT

DEPTH (M)

VISIBILITY

TARGET GRP CLASS Trade Name SPECIES Count

Size (cm)

15-Feb-10 Central Rigo Hood Lagoon FRA Mae'ana 1B_CR1 Selma Pamolak Crest HC,RK,RB 4m 10 m Invertebrates TASL

Yellow Sea Star Linckia guildingi 2 22

15-Feb-10 Central Rigo Hood Lagoon FRA Mae'ana 1B_CR1 Selma Pamolak Crest HC,RK,RB 4m 10 m Invertebrates TASL Blue Sea Star

Linckia laevigata 4 28

15-Feb-10 Central Rigo Hood Lagoon FRA Mae'ana 1B_CR1 Selma Pamolak Crest HC,RK,RB 4m 10 m Invertebrates TASL Sand Sea Star

Archaster typicus 227 X

16-Feb-10 Central Rigo Hood Lagoon FRA Pero Mae'ana 1B_CR1 Simeon Daple Shallow HC,SG,RB 2m 7 m Invertebrates TASL

Banded Coral Shrimp

Stenopus hispidus 3 X

16-Feb-10 Central Rigo Hood Lagoon FRA Pero Mae'ana 1B_CR1 Simeon Daple Shallow HC,SG,RB 2m 7 m Invertebrates TASL

Red Hermit Crab

Dardanus megistos 6 X

16-Feb-10 Central Rigo Hood Lagoon FRA Pero Mae'ana 1B_CR1 Simeon Daple Shallow HC,SG,RB 2m 7 m Invertebrates TASL Sexy Shrimp

Thor amboinensis 2 X


Appendix 6: Spreadsheet sample for transcribing Vertebrates data.

Papua New Guinea Assessment &Management (RAM) Survey Vertebrates Data Entry Sheets

DATE PROVINCE DISTRICT FMA TYPE OF SURVEY TRANSECT

NAME RECORDER REEF ZONE HABITAT DEPTH (M) VISIBILITY TARGET GRP CLASS Trade Name SPECIES Count Size (cm)

1-Dec-09 NCD

Hiri District Taurama FRA Gadawa2A_SH1 Philip Sokou Shallow SD,SL,HC 4.5 4 Vertebrates TASL Red Wrasse Coris gaimard 6 4

2-Dec-09 NCD

Hiri District Taurama FRA Ladaera2A_CR3 Philip Sokou Crest HC,RK,AL 4.5 4 Vertebrates TASL Blue Tang Paracanthurus hepatus 8 10

2-Dec-09 NCD

Hiri District Taurama FRA Ladaera2A_CR3 Philip Sokou Crest HC,RK,AL 4.5 4 Vertebrates TASL Gold Nugget Wrasse Xenojulis margaritaceus 11 4

21-Sep-09 NCD

Hiri District

Pari Village RRA Iriu1A_SH1

Renante Ruz Shallow

Coral Reef 3 3 Vertebrates TASL Percula Clownfish Amphiprion percula 3 2.5

21-Sep-09 NCD

Hiri District

Pari Village RRA Iriu1A_SH1

Renante Ruz Shallow

Coral Reef 3 3 Vertebrates TASL Auriga Butterflyfish Thalassoma lunare 2 8

22-Sep-09 NCD

Hiri District

Pari Village RRA Varovaro1A_CR1

Renante Ruz Reef Crest

Coral Reef 3 3 Vertebrates TASL Papuan Scorpionfish

Scorpaenopsis papuensis 1 10

Appendix 7: Marine Aquarium Coral Data Sheets

Papua New Guinea Assessment &Management (RAM) Survey Coral Data Entry Sheets

DATE PROVINCE DISTRICT FMA TYPE OF SURVEY TRANSECT

NAME RECORDER REEF ZONE HABITAT DEPTH (M) VISIBILITY TARGET GRP CLASS Trade Name SPECIES Count Size (cm)

1-Dec-09 NCD

Hiri District Taurama FRA Gadawa2A_SH1

Elliot Tovaboda Shallow SD,SL,HC 4.5 4 Coral TASL Crystal Coral

Galaxea fascicularis 1 C

2-Dec-09 NCD

Hiri District Taurama FRA Ladaera2A_CR3

Elliot Tovaboda Crest HC,RK,AL 4.5 4 Coral TASL Merulina ampliata Merulina ampliata 1 A

2-Dec-09 NCD

Hiri District Taurama FRA Ladaera2A_CR3

Elliot Tovaboda Crest HC,RK,AL 4.5 4 Coral TASL Brusg Coral Seriatopora sp. 1 B

21-Sep-09 NCD

Hiri District

Pari Village RRA Iriu1A_SH1 Renante Ruz Shallow

Coral Reef 3 3 Coral TASL Percula Clownfish

Amphiprion percula 1 D

21-Sep-09 NCD

Hiri District

Pari Village RRA Iriu1A_SH1 Renante Ruz Shallow

Coral Reef 3 3 Coral TASL Bushy Staghorn Coral Acropora millepora 2 B


22-Sep-09 NCD

Hiri District

Pari Village RRA Varovaro1A_CR1 Renante Ruz Reef Crest

Coral Reef 3 3 Coral TASL Leather Coral Sarcophyton sp. 1 E


Appendix 8: Spreadsheet sample substrates data sheet

PNG Resource Assessment & Management (RAM) Survey Substrates Data Entry

Dive Site Date

Oberver Visibility

Coordinates: Time Start:

Time Finish:

Transect Orientation: Depth:

Segment A Substrate Segment B Substrate Segment C Substrate Segment D Substrate

0.0 25.0 50.0 75.0

0.5 25.5 50.5 75.5

1.0 26.0 51.0 76.0

1.5 26.5 51.5 76.5

2.0 27.0 52.0 77.0

2.5 27.5 52.5 77.5

3.0 28.0 53.0 78.0

3.5 28.5 53.5 78.5

4.0 29.0 54.0 79.0

4.5 29.5 54.5 79.5

5.0 30.0 55.0 80.0

5.5 30.5 55.5 80.5

6.0 31.0 56.0 81.0

6.5 31.5 56.5 81.5

7.0 32.0 57.0 82.0

7.5 32.5 57.5 82.5

8.0 33.0 58.0 83.0

8.5 33.5 58.5 83.5

9.0 34.0 59.0 84.0

9.5 34.5 59.5 84.5

10.0 35.0 60.0 85.0

10.5 35.5 60.5 85.5

11.0 36.0 61.0 86.0

11.5 36.5 61.5 86.5

12.0 37.0 62.0 87.0

12.5 37.5 62.5 87.5


13.0 38.0 63.0 88.0

13.5 38.5 63.5 88.5

14.0 39.0 64.0 89.0

14.5 39.5 64.5 89.5

15.0 40.0 65.0 90.0

15.5 40.5 65.5 90.5

16.0 41.0 66.0 91.0

16.5 41.5 66.5 91.5

17.0 42.0 67.0 92.0

17.5 42.5 67.5 92.5

18.0 43.0 68.0 93.0

18.5 43.5 68.5 93.5

19.0 44.0 69.0 94.0

19.5 44.5 69.5 94.5

Number of Substrates

HC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SG 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

RKC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

AL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

RC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

RB 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

OT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Substrates Percentage

Total

HC 0 0

SC 0 0

SG 0 0

RKC 0 0

AL 0 0

SP 0 0

RC 0 0

RB 0 0

SD 0 0

SI 0 0

OT 0 0

Total 160 100


Appendix 9: Seafoods Data Sheets

SEAFOOD’S DATA SHEETS

Dive Site: ____________________ Time Started: _____________ Date: ____________________ Time Finished: ____________ Depth: ____________________ Climate: _________________ Visibility: _____________________ Observer: _______________ Transect Orientation: ___________ Transect Line No. _________

Province: Reef Name: Date:


Transect Orientation:

Name of Fish for

foods

Counts Name of Other

Seafood’s (Lobsters,

Cuttlefish, octopus)

Counts

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

7 7

8 8

9 9

10 10

11 11

12 12

13 13

14 14

15 15


Appendix 10: Beche de Mer Data Sheets

BECHE DE MER DATA SHEETS

Dive Site: ____________________ Time Started: _____________ Date: ____________________ Time Finished: ____________ Depth: ____________________ Climate: _________________ Visibility: _____________________ Observer: _______________ Transect Orientation: ___________ Transect Line No. _________

List of Species Counts (Size (L X W)) Type of Habitats

1 Amberfish (Thelenota anax)

2 Black Teatfish (Holothuria nobilis)

3 Blackfish (Actinopyga miliaris)

4 Brown Sandfish (Bohadschia vitiensis)

5 Chalkfish (Bohadschia similis)

6 Curryfish (Stinopus hermanni)

7 Deep-water Redfish (Actinopyga echinites)

8 Dragonfish (Stinopus horrens)

9 Elephant Trunkfish (Holothuria fuscopunctata)

10 Flowerfish (Pearsonothuria graeffei)

11 Greenfish (Stichopus chloronotus)

12 Lollyfish (Holothuria atra)

13 Pinkfish (Holothuria edulis)

14 Frickly Redfish (Thelenota ananas)

15 Sandfish (Holothuria scabra)

16 Snakefish (Holothuria coluber)

17 Stonefish (Actinopyga lecanora)

18 Surf Redfish (Actinopyga mauritiana)

19 Tigerfish (Bohadschia argus)

20 White Teatfish (Holothuria fuscogiva)

21 Papillate Sea Cucumber (Holothuria hilla)

22 Tiger’s Tail (Holothuria leucospilota)


Appendix 11: EcoEZ Diving Policy

Definitions:

Experienced diver - more than 100 hours of dive experience (with dive certificate

proving at least advanced dive certification or equivalent)

Beginner diver - less than 10 hours of dive experience (with dive certificate (from

appropriate authority i.e. PADI) proving at least open water certification.

Requirements:

The observer diver should be certified to a minimum of open water level

certification (or equivalent with other dive schools) with at least 10 hours dive log

documented diving and certification details and updated logbooks.

Only work related dives would be allowed, with direct supervisor/Dive Team

Leader signature on the request.

Divers must have health insurance/life and accident insurance and a separate

insurance that covers diving and drowning incidents (i.e. DAN insurance).

The diver should be in good working condition before commencing any dive:

No excessive alcohol the day before a dive or survey

No chewing of Buai or beetle nut while at work especially during survey.

Should have adequate sleep (preferably 8 hours).

Must drink plenty of fluids and water during the day dives.

Not be under the influence of medications or drugs.

There should be no dive activity when sea conditions are rough (half a meter or

bigger in wave height), staff need to check daily with their head office for weather

reports.

The divers must carry at all times their safety card (with telephone and contact

names of local hospitals and dive doctors) and inform office staff, managers and

their supervisor of communication mechanism if cell phones are not available.

Newly certified diver should only be with a more experienced diver and should

dive within 9 meters deep only.

If a diver has not dove for a least one year, he/she needs to undergo a refresher

course before diving (dive with the experienced diver).

Buddy system is a must when diving. There should be an assigned team leader


per area. The corresponding buddy should be within eyesight at all times.

Each diving staff should have a monthly dive check up of their equipment and

diving skills in emergency situations with the Chief scientist and / or instructor.

Each SCUBA gear and data’s are responsible by the owner/s to keep.

Emergency Protocol

Emergency Protocol procedures must be prepared and discussed with the boat

operator in case of an emergency prior to the surveys.

The boat captain should be oriented on the underwater dive track and be well

briefed of emergency protocol in case of an emergency. The boat operator

should be in charge of the above security.

In case of a dive or water incident, the able dive buddy or companions should

immediately call the following 1- nearest hospital on capable to aid diving related

accident. 2 -the other dive team or Coordinator, and 3 -their immediate supervisor

as soon as possible.

The divers should use a seaworthy boat that is economical but sturdy enough

and have a spare boat or engine (and communication mechanism) easily

available in case of problems at sea.

Contact Details:

Port Moresby

Port Moresby Medical Services; Telephone numbers. (675) 325-6633, (675)

683-4444

Niugini Air Rescue; Telephone numbers (675) 323-2033, (675) 683-0305

Medivac Pacific Services; Telephone numbers (675) 323 5626, (675) 683 5227

The Dive Centre, Telephone numbers. (675) 323-1355, (675) 324-5200, B-mobile

6831200, Digicel 72162150

EcoEZ PNG Ltd. Office, Telephone number. (675) 3201950, (675) 3201465

Police; Dial 000

Ambulance; Dial 111

Disaster and Emergency contacts (Konedobu); 321 4170

Disaster and Emergency contacts (City Hall); 325 2700

Royal Papua Yatch Club (RPYC); 321 1700 (Channel 84 in Radio)

DAN (Divers Alert Network)

Marine Search and Rescue; Tel number 323-6187


Oro Province

Disaster and Emergency contacts (Popondetta); 3297345

Hospital; 329 7066

Milne Bay Province

Disaster and Emergency contacts (Alotau); 6411264

Hospital; 641 1200

Standard Operating Procedures in the Field:

Upon Arrival to the area call the office to inform area assigned

List name of persons who to contact in case of emergency

Inform the area coordinator before anything else

Get weather updates from Port Moresby office on a daily basis

RAM Survey Limitations:

No Cave dives

Diver should have rested 24 hours before their flight

Maximum Dive Depth of 50 feet/ Belt transect surveys should not be done deeper

than 80 feet.

Should have an Annual Medical / Physical Examination.

Make sure that all divers have a complete set of diving accessories.


EcoEZ Inc. Secretariat

5320 Truman Avenue Alexandria VA, 22304 USA Telephone: 1 703 823 7980 | Fax: 1 703 823 7990 National Fisheries Auhtority

PO Box 2016 Port Moresby, NCD Level 11 Delotte Tower Douglas St. Port Moresby Telephone: 675 309 0444 | Fax: 675 320 2061

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