resistive sfcl
TRANSCRIPT
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By
MATTA MADAN KUMARMr. P. RAJA,
Assistant Professor,
Department of EEE, NITT.
MODELING OF HIGH TEMPERATURE
SUPERCONDUCTING FAULT CURRENTLIMITERS
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Objectives
To develop functional model of Novel Hybrid type Superconducting Fault
Current Limiter (HT-SFCLs)
Superconducting fault current limiter application - to reduce the transformer
Inrush current
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Introduction
As increase in power demand
Electrical power system
Size increases Complexity increases
Increase in disturbance
(fault)
Present system
Breaker capacity < if fault Current level increases
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Fault Current Limiter
Requirements of fault current limiter
In normal operation impedance is low
High speed working
In fault condition high impedance
Repeated using
Types of current limiters
Current limiting reactor
Is-limiter
Network splitting
Solid-state fault current limiter
Superconducting fault current limiter
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Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL)
Tc: critical temperature
Bc: critical magnetic field
Jc: critical current density
Superconductor Critical Plane
If any value over a critical level
Superconducting State
( Z = 0 )S/N transition
Normal Conducting State
( Z 0 )
Bc
Jc
Tc
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Mathematical Modeling of Resistive type SFCL
During Fault
After Fault Clearing
Rn = max resistance of SFCL t0 = fault occurring instant TF = time constant
Rr= recovery starting resistance of SFCL t1 = fault clearing instant a = recovery slope
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Modeling of Resistive type SFCL in PSCAD
HTSC Element Value Unit
Maximum Resistance ( Rn ) 5
Time Constant ( TF ) 0.05 s
Recovery starting resistance ( Rr ) 5
Recovery Slope ( a ) -100 1/s
Setting parameters for Resistive (HTSC element) typeSFCL in PSCAD
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Implementation flow of (HTSC element)Resistive type SFCL in PSCAD
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Flux-Lock type SFCL
Configuration diagram of flux-lock typeSFCL
Three winding transformer
1st winding is connected in
series with load
2nd winding is connected inseries with HTSC element total
in parallel with 1st winding.
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Mathematical modeling of Flux- Lock typeSFCL
Normal Operation
Short Circuit Condition
v1, v2 and v3 are voltages across coil 1, 2 and 3 respectively n1, n2 and n3 are numbers of turns of coils
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Modeling of Flux-Lock type SFCL in PSCAD
Flux-Lock type SFCL Value unit
Turns number of coil 1(N1
) 100 Turns
Turns number of coil 2(N2 ) 40 Turns
Turns number of coil 3(N3 ) 1, 10, 50,100 Turns
Resistance inserted in coil 3 (R) 0.1
Setting parameters for Flux-Lock type SFCL in PSCAD
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Simulation Results
Test system
m PSCAD test systemPSCAD test systemModel test system
Parameter ValueUnit
Source voltage 132 V (rms)
Source impedance 0.6342
System frequency 50 Hz
Line nominal current 10.9 A (rms)
Load impedance 11.5+ j 0.1
Total simulation time 2 s
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Line Current
line current
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 ...
...
...
-0.080
-0.060
-0.040
-0.020
0.000
0.020
0.040
0.060
0.080
line
currentin
kA
line current
Rms line current
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 ...
...
...
0.0000
0.0020
0.0040
0.0060
0.0080
0.0100
0.0120
RmslinecurrentinkA
rms current
Time in sec
Instantaneous line current without fault
Rms value of line current without fault
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Case study 1: Without RSFCL
PASCAD Test system under line to groundfault without RSFCL
Test system model under line to groundfault without RSFCL
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Line Current During Fault
line current
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
...
...
...
-0.30
-0.20
-0.10
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
line
currentin
kA
line current
Time in sec
Instantaneous line current with fault
Rms line curr ent
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 ...
...
...
0.000
0.025
0.050
0.075
0.100
0.125
0.150
0.175
0.200
0.225
Rmslinecurrentin
kA
rms current
Time in sec
Rms value of line current with fault
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Case study 2: With RSFCL
Test system model under line to ground
fault with RSFCL
PSCAD test system under line to ground
fault with RSFCL
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Resistance variation of RSFCL and line currentwith RSFCL
Resistance variation of RSFCL
Instantaneous line current with RSFCL
Time in sec
line current
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
...
...
...
-0.150
-0.100
-0.050
0.000
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.200
0.250
line
currentin
kA
line current
Time in sec
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Line Current with RSCL
Rms value of line current with RSFCL
Rms line current
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
...
...
...
0.000
0.020
0.040
0.060
0.080
0.100
RmslinecurrentinkA
rms current
Time in sec
Without RSFCL With RSFCL
Parameter Value Unit Parameter Value Unit
Line fault
current
206.8141 A (rms) Line fault
current
23.9 A (rms)
Summary of simulation results for test system under line to ground fault with and without
RSFCL
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Case study 3: With Flux- lock type SFCL
Test system model under line to ground
fault with Flux- Lock type SFCL
PSCAD test system under line to ground
fault with Flux-Lock type SFCL
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Results of flux-lock SFCL with Coil3 to Coil1 turns ratio
of SFCL = 1
Instantaneous line current with flux-lock type SFCL
N3/N1=1
Rms value of line current with flux-lock type SFCL N3/N1=1
line current
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
...
...
...
-0.30
-0.20
-0.10
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
line
cutrrentin
kA
line current
Time in sec
Rms line current
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
...
...
...
0.000
0.025
0.050
0.075
0.100
0.125
0.150
0.175
0.200
0.225
Rmsline
currentin
kA
line rms current
Time in sec
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Results of flux-lock SFCL with Coil3 to Coil1 turns ratio
of SFCL = 0.5
Instantaneous line current with flux-lock type SFCL N3/N1=0.5
Rms value of line current with flux-lock type SFCL N3/N1=0.5
line current
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 ...
...
...
-0.30
-0.20
-0.10
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
line
cutrrentin
kA
line current
Time in sec
Rms line current
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
...
...
...
0.000
0.025
0.050
0.075
0.100
0.125
0.150
0.175
0.200
Rmsline
currentin
kA
line rms current
Time in sec
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Results of flux-lock SFCL with Coil3 to Coil1 turns ratio
of SFCL = 0.1
Instantaneous line current with flux-lock type SFCL N3/N1=0.1
Rms value of line current with flux-lock type SFCL N3/N1=0.1
line current
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 ......
...
-0.150
-0.100
-0.050
0.000
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.200
line
cutrrentin
kA
line current
Time in sec
Rms line current
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 ...
...
...
0.000
0.020
0.040
0.060
0.080
0.100
0.120
0.140
Rms
line
currentin
kA
line rms current
Time in sec
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Results of flux-lock SFCL with Coil3 to Coil1 turns ratio
of SFCL = 0.01
Instantaneous line current with flux-lock type SFCL N3/N1=0.01
Rms value of line current with flux-lock type SFCL N3/N1=0.01
line current
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 ...
...
...
-0.150
-0.100
-0.050
0.000
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.200
line
cutrrentin
kA
line current
Time in sec
Rms line current
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
...
...
...
0.000
0.010
0.020
0.030
0.040
0.050
0.060
0.070
0.080
0.090
Rmsline
currentin
kA
line rms current
Time in sec
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Variation of Percentage Current Limitation with Percentage of N3/N1 Ratio
Comparison between RSFCL and Flux-lock type SFCL
Parameter With RSFCL With Flux-lock SFCL
% fault current limitation 88.4434 from 4 to 94
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Superconducting fault current limiters are studied
Functional model of Resistive type and Flux-lock type SFCLs are developed inPSCAD
Cases studied on test system in PSCAD software.1. Without RSFCL
2. With RSFCL
3. Flux-lock type SFCL
a) With N3/N1=1
b) With N3/N1= 0.5
c) With N3/N1= 0.1
d) With N3/N1= 0.01
Conclusions
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Future Work
To run simulation studies with two or more FCLs in a larger distribution system, and
monitor its effect on current mitigation, relay co-ordination.
Also, with increased interest in distributed generation, it would be useful to evaluate
the performance of the FCL in terms of current reduction.
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References
[1] Andrew T Rowley, "Superconducting fault current limiters", The Institution of Electrical Engineers printed
and published by the IEE, Savoy Place, London WCZR OBL, UK, 1995.
[2] Xueguang Wu, Joseph Mutale, Nick Jenkins and Goran Strbac", An Investigation of network splitting for
fault level reduction", The Manchester Centre for Electrical Energy (MCEE), UMIST, UK, September 2003.
[3] Willi Paul, Makan Chen, "Superconducting control of surge currents", IEEE SPECTRAM. May 1998.
[4] Swarn S. Kalsi, Member and Alex Malozemoff, Senior Member, "HTS fault current limiter concept",published in proceeding of IEEE power Engineering Society Meeting, June 6- 10, 2004.
[5] Mathias Noe and Michael Steurer, "High-temperature superconductor fault current limiters: concepts,
applications, and development status", Institute for Technical Physics, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Hermann-
von-Helmholtz-Platz , 76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany Center for Advanced Power Systems,
Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA.,Published 15 January 2007.
[6] S.R. Currhs, R. Santos, G. Domarco, A. Diaz, J.A. Veira, J. Maza, M.X.Francois* and F. Vidal, "Construction
and characterization of an inductive superconducting current limiting device based on ceramic YBa2Cu307 O-rings", Cryogenics 37 (19Y7) 6X-655 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.,1997.
[7] Lin Ye, Member, IEEE, M. Majoros, T. Coombs, and A. M. Campbell, "System Studies of the
Superconducting Fault Current Limiter in Electrical Distribution Grids", IEEE Transactions on Applied
Superconductivity, Vol.17, No. 2, June 2007.
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References
[8] Sung-Hun Lim, Hyo-Sang Choi, Dong-Chul Chung, Seokcheol Ko, and Byoung-Sung Han, "Impedance
Variation of a Flux-Lock Type SFCL Dependent on Winding Direction Between Coil 1 and Coil 2", IEEE
Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol.15, No. 2, June 2005.
[9] J. S. Kim, S. H. Lim, and J. C. Kim, "Study on Protection Coordination of a Flux-Lock Type SFCL with
Over-Current Relay",IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol.20, No. 3, June 2010.
[10] C. Kurupakorn, H. Kojima, N. Hayakawa, M. Goto, N. Kashima, S. Nagaya, M. Noe, K.-P. Juengst, and H.
Okubo, "Recovery Characteristics after Current Limitation of High Temperature Superconducting Fault Current
Limiting Transformer (HTc-SFCLT)", IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol.15, No. 2, June
2005.
[11] Hye-Rim Kim, Seong-Woo Yim, Sung-Yong Oh, and Ok-Bae Hyun, "Recovery in Superconducting Fault
Current Limiters at Low Applied Voltages", IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol.18, No. 2,
June 2008.
[12] Lin Ye and Klaus-Peter Juengst, "Modeling and Simulation of High Temperature Resistive Superconducting
Fault Current Limiters",IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol.14, No. 2, June 2004.
[13] T. Matsumura, H. Shimizu and Y. Yokomizu, "Design Guideline of Flux-Lock Type HTS Fault Current
Limiter for Power System Application", IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol.11, No. 1, March
2001
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Thank you