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Research of carbon fiber composite valves used in

small compressor

Zheng Chuanxiang a, *; Wu Jiayia; Lian Jiaoyuana; Zhang Guojiangb

a College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China

b Hangzhou Qianjiang Compressor Co., Hangzhou 310013, China

*Corresponding author. Tel: (+86)571 87952585, E-mail: zhchx@zju.edu.cn (Zheng Chuanxiang)

Abstract: In order to solve the problem of heavy noise of the valve in small compressor, the carbon fiber

composite material valve is proposed to replace the traditional metal valve. In this paper, T700 carbon

fiber was used. The T700 fiber laminates were laid as (±45°)4, and matrix is epoxy. Five T700 carbon

fiber composite valves were manufactured and installed in a compressor J0130YVL. Then noisy and

coefficient of performance (COP) were tested. The experimental result showed that the noisy is reduced

from 39 dB (A) to 36 dB (A). The COP of compressor with composite valve is 1.85. It is same as steel

valve of Sandvik 7C27Mo2. The research showed this kind of high strength composites valve can

decline the noisy of the compressors while the COP maintains the same.

Key words: Carbon fiber; composite; valve; compressor.

1 Introduction

Small compressors are widely used in refrigerators and air-conditionings. The noisy of the

compressor is still a difficult problem to solve though lots of manufacturers and researchers are focus on

reducing the noisy around the world [1-4]. Discharge and charge valve are the main vibration noise

sources of the compressor because they compact the compressor body in a high frequency way. In this

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paper, a carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRP) discharge and charge valves were proposed to

replace traditional metal valves to reduce the noisy of a small compressor (J0130YVL). T700 carbon

fiber was used and the matrix is epoxy. The performance of the compressor including refrigerating

capacity and noisy level are validated in an experimental system which is constructed according to

standard test code GB/T5733-2004. Finally, the results showed that compared with metal valve, the

composite valves had almost the same refrigerating capacity while the noisy declined from 39 dB (A) to

36 dB (A)

2 Composite valve design

2.1 Staticstressanalysisformetalvalve

The stress condition of the discharge valve changes during work, which is actually a problem of

fluid-structure interaction [5]. It is difficult to get. In order to get the load in valves for designing

composite valves, we assure that the maximum load acted on discharge valve is in the state that the

valves are opened in the highest place. This displacement can be measured from a compressor.

Therefore, this displacement boundary condition can be used to obtain the maximum stress intensity

which is shown in Fig. 1 [6]. Shadow area means the area subjected to fixed support.

mod

was

avail

are 1

Considering

del was chosen

used for com

lable in ABAQ

13563 and 136

Fig. 1 Structu

the dimension

n to reduce the

mputation. An

QUS) are used

651 respective

ural sketch an

(a) Top v

n of the valve

e difficulty of

nd quadrilater

d to discrete th

ely as shown i

Fig.

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nd boundary c

view; (b) M

along the thic

the computati

ral elements

he whole mesh

in Fig. 2.

. 2 Details of m

ondition of di

ain view.

ckness is far le

ion. Common

(8-nodes redu

h, with the num

mesh

scharge valve

ess than its len

commercial s

uced integrati

mber of total e

e

ngth, shell ele

software ABA

ion element

elements and n

ement

AQUS

S8R5

nodes

Fi

cond

of th

2.2

boun

4.19

maxi

meta

CFR

softw

carbo

Tsai-

stres

critic

only

fiber

ig. 3 shows th

ditions describ

he reed valve.

Optimaldes

To design the

ndary conditio

23 N.mm act

imum stress o

al valves. The

RP valves and

ware from Sta

on fiber were

-Wu failure cr

ss and the app

cal state. Only

y when the lay

r angles are sa

he stress conto

bed above. It’s

Fig. 3 S

signforCFRP

e discharge va

on applied on

ed on the top

of the composi

lay forms of

metal valves

anford Univer

e selected as

riteria were ad

lied stress, wa

y when R >1, t

ing angle was

afe. Considerin

our plots of dis

s obvious that

Stress contour

valves

alves with car

the metal val

p of the reed.

ite valves are t

s）0（ w

s, and the thic

sity is used to

target of com

dopted in the

as introduced

the laying stra

s limited below

ng the accessi

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scharge valve

t the maximum

r plots of the m

rbon fiber rein

lve was equiv

Under the be

the same as it u

was chosen to

ckness of each

o optimal desi

mputation resp

design. Stres

to simplify fa

ategy is safe a

w 10°, the stru

ibility of the c

e with 0.152m

m stress, i.e. 2

metal discharg

nforced comp

valently transf

nding momen

under the disp

o minimize the

h layer was s

ign the compo

pectively. The

s ratio R, i.e.

ailure judgmen

and therefore a

ucture is safe.

composite lam

m thickness u

265.3MPa, app

ge valve

osite laminate

ferred into a b

nt, the location

placement bou

e difference of

elected as 0.0

osite paramete

e results were

the ratio betw

nt process. Th

available. For

While for T70

minate, T700 ca

under the boun

pears at the bo

e, the displace

bending mome

on and value o

undary conditi

f thickness bet

07mm. MIC-M

ers. T300 and

e showed in f

ween the allow

he point R=1 i

T300 carbon

00 carbon fibe

arbon fiber w

ndary

ottom

ement

ent of

of the

ion of

tween

MAC

T700

fig. 4.

wable

is the

fiber,

er, all

ith

lami

four

unac

manu

inate of 0（

layers is clo

cceptable und

ufactured whi

s）45 was

osest to the th

der present m

ich is shown i

Fig. 4

(a)

selected. Am

hickness of m

manufacturing

n fig. 5 [7-10]

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Safety design

T300; (b) T

mong all lami

metal valve.

g process. T

].

n curve

T700.

nates, the thic

But the big d

Therefore, lam

ckness of com

deformation o

minates with

mposite valve

occurred and

h six layers

with

d was

were

3

3.1

Th

comp

sche

comp

Experimen

Experiment

he experimen

pressor manu

ematic diagram

pression syste

ntal apparat

talapparatus

ntal test appar

ufacturing pla

m of it respecti

em and calorim

Fig

us and meth

ratus was bui

ant located in

ively. The sys

metric system

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g.5 Valve sam

hods

ilt according

n Hangzhou.

stem comprise

m.

mple.

to standard t

Fig. 6 shows

ed of three mai

test code GB/

s the experim

in parts, name

B/T5733-2004

mental system

ely, cooling sy

in a

m and

ystem,

In fig

6 is d

3.2

Se

whic

evap

contr

Fig. 6

g. 6, 1 is oil s

dry filter; 7 is

Experiment

econdary fluid

ch based on th

porator coil [1

rol the liquid

(a) experimen

eparator; 2 is

cooling liqui

talmethods

d calorimeter m

he equilibrium

11-14]. Fig. 7

level.

ntal system; (b

compressor; 3

d reservoir; 8

method is an in

between the h

presents the d

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(a)

(b)

b) Schematic d

3 is regenerato

is flow-meter

ndirect metho

heats released

details of calo

diagram of ex

or;4 is manual

r; TC is therm

od to assess the

from electric

orimeter. A vi

perimental ap

l control valve

mocouple.

e performance

heater and the

iewing window

pparatus

es; 5 is calorim

e of the compr

e heats absorb

w was design

meter;

ressor

ed by

ned to

Th

evap

temp

coeff

Whe

pt i

Th

below

Whe

temp

enth

he heat leakag

porator coil, th

perature of se

fficient can be

ere FK is hea

is saturation te

hus, coefficie

w:

ere mfq is m

perature of se

alpy of refrige

ge of the calor

hen adjust the

econdary flui

got as follow

at leakage coe

emperature of

nt of perform

mass flow of r

econdary flui

erant at inlet.

Fig. 7 D

rimeter should

inner pressur

id 15 °C hig

w:

K

efficient; hQ

f secondary flu

mance (COP)

mfq

refrigerant; Q

d; 2gh is sp

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Details of calo

d be determin

re of calorime

gher than am

p

hF tt

QK

is heat releas

uid; at is am

of the co

2

(

g

Fi

h

tKQ

iQ is heat rel

pecific enthalp

orimeter.

ned above all.

eter to the poi

mbient temper

at

ed from electr

mbient tempera

ompressor can

2

)

f

sa

h

tt

leased from e

py of refrige

Close the inle

nt correspond

rature. Theref

ric heater duri

ature.

n be got in a

electric heater

erant at outlet

et and the out

ding to a satur

fore, heat lea

ing calibration

process desc

r; st is satur

t; 2fh is spe

tlet of

ration

akage

(1)

n test;

cribed

(2)

ration

ecific

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)( 11

1

0 fg

g

gamfa hhqQ

(3)

where aQ0 is measured refrigerating capacity; ga is measured specific volume of refrigerant at inlet;

1g is specific volume of refrigerant under specified operating condition; 1gh is measured specific

enthalpy of refrigerant at inlet; 1fh is specific enthalpy of refrigerant at inlet under specified operating

condition.

a

an

nQQ 00 (4)

where 0Q is the refrigerating capacity; n is nominal speed of compressor; an is measured speed

of compressor.

1g

ga

a

z n

nPP

(5)

where P is input power of compressor; zP is shaft power of compressor.

Finally,

P

Q0 (6)

3.3 Resultsanddiscussion

Table 1 shows the results of the experiment. Compared to the noisy produced by compressor with

metal valve, the noisy produced by compressor with composite valve reduced 3 dB (A), i.e. 8%, while

the COP of the two are almost the same. The surface of composite valve cannot be polished as smooth as

metal valve did, therefore COP of compressor with composite valve is slightly lower than it with metal

valve. Meanwhile, because of the collision between composite valve and metal body is slighter than it

does between metal valve and metal body, the noisy reduced evidently [15-18].

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Table 1 Experimental Results

Results Metal valve Composite valve

COP 1.85 1.83

Noisy/ dB (A) 39 36

4 Conclusions

In this paper, a carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRP) discharge and charge valve were designed

to replace the metal valve based on the same working condition of metal valve. Experiments were carried

out to investigate the possibility of reducing noisy produced by valve while the COP of compressor

maintains the same.

The results indicated that the COP of compressor with composite valve is slightly lower than it with

metal valve. The probable reason is that the surface of composite valve is difficulty to polish smoothly

as metal and make the valve close tightly. However, the difference between the COP of compressor with

composite valve and metal valve is very small. On the other side, compared to the noisy produced by

compressor with metal valve, the noisy produced by compressor with composite valve reduced from 39

dB (A) to 36 dB (A), i.e. 8%. It is because the collision between composite valve and metal body is softer

than it did between metal valve and metal body.

Acknowledgment

The authors wish to thank science and technology development program of Hangzhou, China (Project

No: 123456) for the support of the study.

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