research note mo. 9 november 1, 1978 -...

67
t CO-OP REDWOOD YIELD RESEARCH PROJECT Department of Forestry and Conservation College of Natural Resources University of California Berkeley, California 94720 Lee C. Wensel Bruce KrumlanJ Associate Professor Assistant Speciali.ft Research Note Mo. 9 November 1, 1978 DRAFT COpy VOLUME AND TAPER RELATIONSHIPS FOR REDWOOD, DOUGLAS FIR, AND OTHER CONIFERS IN THE NORTH COAST OF CALIFORNIA by Bruce Krumland and Lee C. Wensel .

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t CO-OP REDWOOD YIELD RESEARCH PROJECT Department of Forestry and ConservationCollege of Natural ResourcesUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeley California 94720

Lee C Wensel Bruce KrumlanJ Associate Professor Assistant Specialift

Research Note Mo 9 November 1 1978

DRAFT COpy

VOLUME AND TAPER RELATIONSHIPS FORREDWOOD DOUGLAS FIR AND OTHER CONIFERS

IN THE NORTH COAST OF CALIFORNIA

by

Bruce Krumland and Lee C Wensel

CONTENTS

I Introduction

II Variable Definitions

III Data Sources

A UC Dendrometry

B Palley Data

C USDA-1900 Data

D Cooperator Data

IV Secondary Relationships

A Stump Diameter Estimators

B Bark Ratio at Breast Height Estimators

C Stump Height Estimators

D Tip Estimators

E Bark Taper Estimators

V Volume Equations

A Scaling Procedures

B Board Foot Scale

C Cubic Foot Scale

D Functional Relationships and StatisticalProcedures

E Reliability and Adjustment to Local Conditions

F Metric Units

VI Conifer Taper Models

A Model Criteria

B Model Development

C Model Interpretation and Discussion

- 2 -

VII Volume Equation versus Taper Based Volume Estimates

A Comparisons

B Evaluation

VIII Volume Tables

Literature Cited

Appendix A -Appendix B -

Conifer Tree Volume Equations

Distributions of Sample Trees

Appendix C - Tree Volume Tables

- 3 -

I Introduction

This report contains the results of a comprehensiveanalysis of mensurational relationships among major conishyferous species in the North Coast Region of CaliforniaThese species are redwoods Douglas fir and other whiteshywoods (lowland white fir sitka spruce and western hemshylock) This latter group hereafter referred to as whiteshywoods was treated as a composite due to data limitationsand the relatively minor importance these species have incommercial forest management in the region

This analysis was performed on a large data set thoughtto be representative of the kinds of conifers typical to thecrop components of young growth stands being managed in theregion In other words old growth and severely suppressedtree~ and trees with broken or deformed tops or other abnorshymalities were purposely excluded from consideration Thevolume component of this study is based on gross scale withno allowance for defect or breakage other than merchantabletop specifications

As a preliminary caution it should be emphasized thatthe relationships presented in this report are intended tobe representative of broad regional conditions Local testsof reliability should be made before general usage

Although most of this paper presumes that English unitsare being used metric conversion factors are also given sothat these results can be easily converted when the needarises

II Variable Definitions

The following is a list of variables and definitionsthat are used consistently throughout this report They arepresented here for quick reference and to alleviate the needof continuous repetition of variable definition

DBH Diameter outside bark 45 feet above the ground onthe uphill side of the tree in inches

dbh Diameter inside bark 45 feet above the ground onthe uphill side of the tree in inches

D1 Diameter outside bark in inches at a point ~in on

the tree bole

d1 Diameter inside bark in inches at a point in onthe tree bole

h1 Distance in feet from the ground to a point in on

the tree bole

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b r bark ratio at breast height (45 feet)

dbh = b (DBH) r

GF Girrards form class (GF = dDBH X 100 where d is1 1

evaluated at 173 feet )

DIA 1 General diameter term -- definition depends on the

context

H General measure of tree height in feet

Ht Total tree height in feet

Hm Height to the merchantable top in feet

HI Height to the merchantable top in units of 163 feet (log height)

S Stump height in feet

d s diameter inside bark at the stump

D s diameter outside bark at the stump

exp(X) 27128 raised to the power of X

In(X) Natural logarithm of X

S Standard deviation of the residuals about the yx regression of Y on X

III DATA SOURCES

The data used to develop the relationships presented in this report have been assimilated from four main sources

A Qf Dendrometry

The Universitys Barr and Stroud optical dendrometer model FP 15 was used to take measurements of bole height and outside bark stem diameters at selected points along tree stems

Sampling was performed during the summer of 1975 on lands belonging to members of the Redwood Yield Research Cooperative Tree selection was semi-random A loose criterion was adopted to select trees between 3-50 inches DBH over the range of conditionsencounteredon the propershyties sampled with the following restrictions

a Trees on the edges of road cuts were not measured unless the roads were recentlyconstructed

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b Trees were not selected in stands composed of resishydual old growth or in stands where there was evishydence that the trees present developed as an undersshytory of old-growth stands

c Trees were not selected if they were severelysuppressed had broken tops or possessed otherabnormalities that would make them unlikely candishydates as crop trees in managed young growth stands

B Palley Data

The majority of trees used by Palley (1959 1961) for the previous redwood volume tables were retained after screening for this study These trees were fall buck and scale (FBS) data Measurements included DBH total height

stump height and diameter and inside and ou~side bark diamshyeters on each 16-foot log

C USDA - -shy1900 Data

The United States Department of Agriculture carried outa comprehensive stem analysis project on young growth redshywood sprouts around 1900 Sampling was performed in secondgrowth stands in Del Norte Humboldt and northern Mendocinocounties The records of over 1000 trees are on file at theUniversity Approximately 200 dominant intermediate andcodominant tree records were utilized in the present study

D Cooperator Data

Simpson Timber Company and Georgia Pacific Corporationof the Redwood Research Cooperative donated the FBS recordsof several hundred trees for use in this study

Appendix B contains a breakdown of the numbers of treesby diameter and height classes for each species group Alsoincluded are tables showing average form class by diameterand total height

IV SECONDARY RELATIONSHIPS

The basic set of measurements on each tree needed forvolume and taper analysis consists of a sequential series ofinside bark diameters and log lengths from a specified stump height to the tree tip As the available data had been colshylected by a variety of field procedures it was necessary to develop several estimators to make minor adjustments on the measurements of some trees so the entire data set would bein a compatible form

-------------------------------------------------------

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A Stump Diameter Estimators

In situations where the actual stump height was notcoincident with nominal stump height used in this study thefollowing nonlinear model was used to estimate the stumpdiameter inside bark (d )s

d = (1 - bOX)(DIA)exp(b 1(h - Sraquo (1)s 1 1

where DIA is the measured diameter inside or outside barkat a height h X is an indicator variable equal to 0if DIA is insiae bark and 1 if it is outside bark Coefshyficient estimates and a statistical summary are shown inTable 1

An approximately equal number of inside and outsidebark measurements were used as observations h ranged from5 to 45 feet Extrapolation outside these limits is notrecommended It should be noted that this model assumesbark ratios remain constant over short bole segments Assufficient data were unavailable for other whitewoods Dougshylas fir coefficients were used for this species group also

Table 1

Coefficient estimates by species for the stump diameter model

Species b b1 R2 S Sample Size~ ~~~------------

Douglas Fir 097 038 95 176 403Redwood 153 035 97 148 591

B Bark Ratio at Breast Height Estimators

Bark ratios (b ) were estimated with the followingmodel r

dbh = (br)(DBH) (2)

Estimates and a statisticalsummary are shown in Table 2

-----------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------

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Table 2

Bark ratio estimates and statistical summary

Species br R2 Sample Size

Redwood 85 98 688Douglas Fir 91 99 362Whitewoods 95 99 160

C Stump Height Estimators

In situations where stump height is unknown but stumpdiameter inside bark (d ) and another diameter (DIAi) at aknown height (h) has bee~ measured solving equation (3)for S provide~ a logical form for a nonlinear stump heightestimator

S = C 1[ln(d ) - In(1-cOX) - In(DIA)] + h (3 )s I I

All variable definitions in this model are the same as in

equation 1 The coefficients (cOc1) could be numericallyderived from band b in equation 1 If there was no stashytistical erroP How~ver the coefficients because of thiserror were reestimated by nonlinear least squares and areshown in Table 3

Table 3

Coefficient estimates and statistical summaryfor the stump height model

Species c C1 R2 S (feet) Sample Size~ y~~---------------------

Redwood 308 -1688 93 11 571Douglas Fir 206 -2020 91 13 403

D Tip Estimators

In situationswhere the length of the tree stem fromthe last buck to the tree tip is not measuredit can beestimatedwith the models

TIP = bO(d)b1

(DBH)b2

(4)I I

or

b1 b2 TIPi = bO(Di) (DBH) (5 )

-------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------

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bole from the knownwhere TIPi is the length of the treediameter d or D to the tree top1 1

Tables 4 and 5 give coefficient estimates and a statisticalsummary The sample basis used in developing these equashytions did not utilize top diameters in excess of 14 inches

Table 4

Tip model -- diameter inside bark (d) coefficients and summary 1

---~~~ ~~ ~l ~~---~~~~-~~~-~~_~~~__-Redwood 81 105 -27 752 80 601Douglas Fir 739 103 -24 425 78 143

Table 5

Tip model -- diameter outside bark (D)coefficients and summary 1

Species b b1 b S R2 Sample Size

~ 2 ~~~-------------------Redwood 67 108 -26 698 82 619 Douglas Fir 68 99 -19 394 79 161

E Bark Taper Estimators

Dendrometry measurements were converted to outside barkmeasurements at various heights on standing trees To conshyvert these measurements to diameters inside bark a barktaper model was developed

Douglas fir

There was not enough data available in the sample setto estimate coefficients in a bark taper model for Douglasfir Consequently the model developed by Johnson (1966)for Douglas fir in the Pacific Northwest was considered thenext best alternative This model is

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dD = 559 + 00006h + 203(DDBH) (6 ) I I I I

- 1542(DDBH)2 + 3413 (d D )I s s

This model was also used for other whitewoods

Redwood

Three observations each consisting of height from the ground (h) diameter inside bark (d) and outside bark (D) at rsectndomly selected points on 172 fedwood trees were us~d to develop a redwood bark taper model The following model fitted by nonlinear least squares was found to give the best statistical fit as well as providing a logical and consistent functional form

diDi = dbhDBH + 38(1-dbhDBH)x (7)

(1 -exp(-06(h I - 45raquo)

Total Observations = 521

R2 = 12

Syx = 035

Both coefficients and the overall model were statistically significant at the 01 level The low precision is partly due to measurements being rounded to the nearest tenth inch and the form of the independent variable (dD) Premultishyplying bot~ sides of the expression by D afld fefitting proshyduced an R value of 93 without any real increase in explashynatory power

V Volume Equations

The volume equations developed for each species group in this study are of two general types

Type 1 V = f(DBHH)

Type Q V = f(DBHHGF)

For T~ch equation type and species group twenty-fourequations were estimated by using combinations of the folshylowing items

1 The specIfIcatIons used here for the volume equashytions are those recommended by the Advisory Panel of the Redwood Yield Cooperative

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were used1 Volume types - two volume def~itions

Scribner board foot and cubic feet

2 Height - three definitions of height were used total

height (Ht) merchantable height (Hm) and log height(HI)

3 Merchantable top - volumes were computed to four insidebark top diameter limits -- 8 7 6 and 5 inches

A Scaling Procedures

Volumes for each tree were computed from stump heightto the merchantable top limit As the actual measurementson each tree were not all at even log multiples some meansof interpolation was necessary The best procedure wasfound to be fitting a system of several third order polynoshymials to the actual measurements on each tree (see Akima1970) The basic result of this process was to provide thenumerical equivalent of a free-hand curve drawn through thestem profile conditioned to pass through every measuredpoint This equation system was then utilized to buck thetrees into standard lengths and produce interpolated diameshyters

B Board foot scale

Board foot scale was based on a 10 foot stump heighta nominal log length of 16 feet and a trim allowance of 3

feet Board foot volumes of each log were computed by thefollowing equation (Bruce and Schumacher 1950)

BV = 79(DIA)2 - 2DIA - 4

where DIA is the diameter inside bark at the small end ofthe log

Based on general scaling practices in the region thefollowing procedure was used when the top log was not aneven multiple of 163 feet If the length was less than 8feet the piece was appended to the next lower log which wassubsequently scaled as a long log If it was between 8and 163 feet the piece was appended to the next lower logwhich was subsequentlysplit in half and scaled as twoshort logs

It should be noted that largelydue to the viscissishytudes of the Scribner log rule reducing the top merchantashybility diameter frequently resulted in an overall decreasein the board foot scale for specific trees While no formal

2 Volumes ln CUblC meters are obtained using the cubicfoot equations and metric conversion factors See secshytion VF on metric units

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analysis was performed the general impression gained curingdata analysis was that a top diameter of 6 to 7 inches wouldproduce the maximum overall board foot scale obtainable withthe scaling procedures employed in this study

An end result of this phenomena is that the volumeequations developed in this report are not guaranteed toestimate more board foot volume as the merchantable topdiameter decreases particularly since this is not what hapshypens in practice

C Cubic foot scale

The local taper equation developed for each tree wasused to estimate inside bark diameters at one foot intervalsfrom the stump to the merchantable top Smalians formulawas applied to each one foot segment to compute volumes

D Functional Relationships and Statistical Procedures

The functional form of the volume equations fitted were

b bType 1 V = bo(DBH) 1H 2

b b bType 2 V = b (DBH) 1H 2GF 3

0

For each volume equation case data were transformed bytaking natural logarithms and parameters were subsequentlyestimated by linear least squares regression The constantterm (b) was exponentiated to convert the equation to thenatural Humber scale A synopsis and statistical summaryfor each fitted equation is displayed in Appendix A

Experience has shown that fitting volume equations bythe logarithmic procedure provides consistent and logicalestimators as well as satisfying the usual assumptions ofregression (see Wensel 1973) The major objection is thata negative bias is introduced by this procedure and volumeestimates should be multiplied by a correction factor toprovide theoretically consistent estimates This factoris equal to

exp (5MSE)

where MSE is the mean squared residual of the respectivevolume equation in logarithmic units (Baskerville 1972)This factor (2 to 2 percent) is usually much smaller thanthe statistical error (6 to 22 percent) of the volume equashytions and for most purposes can be ignored These bias corrections are also shown in Appendix A

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E Reliability and Adjustments to Local Conditions

The volume tables essentially give average volumesfor trees of a given DBH and height These volumes are subshyject to two sources of statistical error when used for anindividual tree (1) an error associated with estimatingthe true population volume relationship from samplesThis source of error can be reduced by taking more samples(2) An error associatedwith random deviations about thetrue populationvolume relationship This source of errormay be reduced by adding additional explanatory variables(eg form class)

As with all regional volume tables there is a possishybility that stands of trees in specific localities maydepart from the general relationships shown in these tablesAlso where scaling practices differ from the ones used inthis study an additional source of bias may be introducedHence field checks should be made before local use

The followingproceduresare suggested to check theaccuracy of volume tables at the 95 probability level

1 Specify the accuracy level desired for the estimateof tree volume on the average for the stand beingsampled

2 Determine from Table 6 the number of sample treesrequired Sample sizes were computed with the aidof the well known sample size formula

n = t2(CV)2A2

where

n = number of sample trees

t = students t value corresponding to the numberof sample trees and the confidence level being used

CV = coefficient of variation expressed as a decimal

A = accuracy level expressed as a decimal

-------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------

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Table 6

Sample trees required for 95 confidence intervalsof various levels of accuracy for tree volumes

Accuracy () Cubic Feet Foard Feet

10 9 168 14 256 25 444 56 1002 225 400

Assumed Coefficient 15 20of Variation ()

3 Once the sample size is chosen trees should beselected for volume measurement that are representashytive of the trees for which volume estimates aredesired Each sample tree is measured for DBBtotal height and volume Volume can be obtainedwith a Relaskop dendrometer or by scaling felledtrees Volumes of sample trees should be determinedby the same procedures used in actual scaling operashytions

4 Compute the percent difference between the measuredvolumes and those estimated by the volume tables foreach sample tree Then compute the average percentdifference for all sample trees

5 If the absolute value of the average percent differshyence ii is less than the accuracy level use thetables without adjustment

6 If the Pi is greater than the accuracy level andthere are no trends in the percent deviations oversize classes multiply estimated volumes by the facshytor

F = (1+P100)

7 Percent deviations sometimes show trends with

estimated volume or DBH in which case regressionadjustments may be utilized For example if thepercentage volume deviation of the sawple varieswith DBH in a linear fashion the following correcshytion factor may be used

F = [1+(P+b(D-D))1CO]D 11

where

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F = correction factor for a tree of D inchesD 1

1 15 = average DBH of volume sample trees

b = regression constant computed from the volume sample

2P D - nPD = J J

2D2 - n1521

n = number of sample trees

P = Percent deviation of the jth tree in the J volume sample

D = DBH of the jth tree in the volume sampleJ

If more refined estimates or different confidence levels are desired coefficients of variation derived from Appendix A for each species-volume group can be utilized in conjunction with the famishyliar sample size formula

8 As an example suppose 8 percent accuracy levels were desired at the 95 percent probability level A redwood cubic volume check yielded the followingdata

Total Volumes from Volumes Percent Sample Tree DBH Height Tables Scaled Difference

No (inches) (feet) (cubic feet) (cubic feet) (percent)

1 12 60 14 148 +57 2 12 70 16 17 1 +68 3 12 90 21 228 +48 4 18 90 46 494 +74 5 20 130 82 883 +75 6 22 110 84 917 +92 7 28 100 123 1342 +9 1 8 28 130 160 1755 +97 9 30 120 169 1859 100

10 34 130 234 2604 113 11 36 130 262 2908 110 12 36 140 282 3144 115 13 44 160 477 5380 128 14 44 160 477 5409 134

Averages 2686 +93

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In this exampleP = 93 is greater than the 8 per~cent accuracy requirement and may be used to computethe correction factor

F = 1 + 93100 = 1093

There is also a trend in the percentage differencewhich increases with DBH In this case a regresshysion correction factor that varies with DBH will bemore precise The regression coefficient b for

the correction factor FD is computed as1

b = [(57)(12) + (68)(12) + (134)(44) - 14 (93)(2686)][122 + 122 + 442 - 14(2686)2]

= 0227

The correction is then

FD = 1 + (93 + 227 (D- 268))100]i 1

= 1093+00227(D-268)1

For a 44 inch tree the volume estimate from thetable would be adjusted upward by the factor

F44 = 1093+00227(44-268)

= 1132

Adjusted Volume = 1132 x 477 = 540 cubic feet

F Metric Units

Each of the equations presented in this report presumesthat English units are being used In the case where metricunits are used for one or more of the measurements thevolume equations are altered as follows

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Measurement Units VolumeDBH Height Desired Conversion(C)

inches feet (feet)-J none

inches feet (meters)shyc3

cm meters (feet)3 (c1-b1)(c2-b2)

cm meters (meters)3(c1-b1) (c2 -b2)c3

Hhere c1 = 254 inchescm

c2 = 03048 ftmeter

c3 = 00283168 m3ft3

b1 b2 = coefficients of the volume equation used

These conversion factors can be used in several HaysFirst if desired measurements of D and H can be converted

using the terms c1 and c2 respectively Alternatively theappropriate composite conversions C can be used to convertthe final volume Desired volume is obtained by multiplyingthe calculated volume from the volume equation times theappropriate conversion factor above

VI CONIFER TAPER MODELS

Taper models estimate diameter inside bark at variousheights on tree boles when only DBH and some measure of treeheight are observed Taper models are used for two princishyple purposes

1 Estimation of the dimensions of upper stem portionsfor defect adjustment in cruising

2 Estimation of the log size mix potentially availablefrom standing trees

A Model Criteria

Taper models are conventionally required to haveseveral properties

1 If total height is an access variable the modelshould predict a diameter inside bark of a at thetree tip Similarly if merchantable height is usedthe equation should predict the top merchantableinside bark diameter at the merchantable height

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2 Predictions of stump or hreast high diameters shouldequal actual measurements at these points Whilethese values are not conventionally recorded in thefield the taper model should be structured sopredicted inside bark diameters can be forcedthrough logical values of these points if necessary

3 Predictions derived from these equations should bealways positive always decrease with increases inbole height and be relatively unbiased at variouspoints on the tree bole

B ~odel Development

Experimentation with several possible functional formsled to the following model which is based on the modifiedinverse of a general sigmoidal equation This model was found form

to satisfy the previous criteria and has the general

d = c D - Df ln[1-Rc1

(1-exp(c f1 - d ~f )))J1 0 1 ~ 0 m~ 1

Where

di = dib in inches at a point lilon the tree bole

D = DBH

h = height in feet from ground to a point i on the tree1 bole

H = general measure of tree height in feet

R = (h-1)(H-1)1

d = merchantable top diameter inside bark correspondingm to the point where h1 = H

f1 = c2 + c3D + c4H

c1 = parameters estimated by regression methods

This model is conditioned so that the predicted diameshyter inside bark will equal a when h = H If H is totalheight d is 0 and the predicted diameter will be a at thetree tip~ Similarly if H is the height to a merchantabletop of say 50 inches d is 50 inches and the predictionwill be conditioned to mpredict 50 inches dib when hi =H

Six taper equations were developed with H being definedas height from the ground to an 85 and C inch (tree tip)

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top dib for redwood and Douglas fir The models werefitted by nonlinear least squares Two to three samplepoints on suitable trees used in the previously desoribedvolume analysis were randomly chosen for equation fittingCoefficient estimates and a statistical summary are shown inTable 7

C Podel Interpretation and Discussion

The coefficient c is interpreted as the ratio ofdib at a 10 foot ~tump to DBH The fitted coefficientswere almost numerically equal to simple ratio estimatorsbased on the same data set so constraining the model was not

considered necessary The term f1 for the taper modelswere chosen after considerable experimentation in attemptsto account for general differences in taper between trees indifferent diameter and height classes Table 8 gives avershyage bias (average difference between actual and predictedvalues) by relative height for all six taper equations Ingeneral these biases are small and quite acceptable for thegeneral level of precision usually required in estimatingupper bole diameters

Table 7

Taper Podel Coefficients and Statistical Summary

REmJOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Merchantable Tops

00 50 80 00 50 80

c 955 956 955 1008 1016 1 0240

387 346 326 415 320 276c1

-362 -247 -211 -275 -169 -142c2

-00581 -00666 -00542 -00770 -00539 -00364c3

00122 00116 000847 000640 000178 000108c4

R2 902 962 967 974 978 975

S 128 119 114 97 81 82yx

SampleCJlze 1238 1217 1164 671 631 574

--

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Table 8

Bias of conifer taper equations at various pointon the sample tree boles

REDWOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Equation top diameter Equation top diameter

00 50 80 00 50 80

Bias in Inches

Stump 13 01 -03 22 10 03

DBH -16 01 09 - 15 -03 05

-22 -20 -22 -20 -10 -10h17

30 17 03 25 07 10h33

30 -04 07 35 17 05h5

-06 -03 08 1 1 - 14 -00h67

-34 06 26 -54 -04 00hS5

top 00 00 00 00 00 00

h xx refers to a bole height equal to xx of total height

Positive table values indicate predictions are low

VII VOLUME EQUATION VERSUS TAPER BASED VOLUME ESTIMATES

The coefficients in Appendix A can be used to estimategross volume directly in standing trees The taper equashytions can also be used to obtain indirect estimates of grossvolume Essentially the taper equation is used to estimateinside bark diameters at the places on the tree bole whereit is to be bucked into lengths These lengths are thenscaled using predicted inside bark diameters and summed toestimate total volume Mathematical integration of thetaper function is impossible so this numerical technique isrequired

It should be emphasized that the taper equations weredeveloped to predict inside bark bole diameters not tree

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volume Hence their adequacy in volume estimation cannotbe judged by conventional statistics Regardless the folshylowing ad hoc comparisons were made

A Comparisons

Diameters total heights and scaled cubic volumes to afive inch top of the trees used in the taper analysis wereutilized for comparative purposes The coefficients fromthe appropriate total height-DEH cubic volume equation wereused to directly predict volumes to a five inch top forthese trees The total height taper equations (H isdefined as total height) have the greatest standard deviashytions and range in bias Consequently they were used forcomparative purposes as a measure of the worst that could bedone using taper equations to obtain volume estimatesThese taper equations were used to predict inside bark diamshyeters at one foot intervals on each tree from the stump to afive inch top Smalians formula was then used to computevolume of each segment which were then summed to give anindirect estimate of cubic volume The following statisticswere then computed for both redwood and Douglas fir

1 Aggregate percentage difference

2 Average percentage difference

3 Root mean square percent deviation (RMSPD) computedas

1

RMSPD = (Z((y - y)y)2n)21 1 1

where

y = volume estimated b~hvolume equation or taper 1 equation for the i sample tree

y1 = actual scaled volume of the ith sample tree

n = number of sample trees

These values are shown in Table 9 and are essentially a measure of how close predicted volumes are to actual scaled tree volumes used in the basic analysis As indicators of lack of bias average and aggregate percent differences should be close to zero The RMSPD value is essentially an approximation to the standard deviation expressed as a pershycent Comparisons of these values for the taper equation with those of the volume equation provides a measure of relative efficiency Judging from table 9 there appears to be no bias in volume prediction from the taper equations

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and RMSPD values are almost identical

Table 9

Comparative statistics for judging differences between volume equation and taper equation based volume estimates

Redwood Douglas fir

Average Aggregate RMSPD Average Aggregate RMSPD difference difference difference difference

---per cent---

Volume -8 8 153 1 -12 11 5 equation

Taper -2 19 15 1 2 11 112 equation

Positive percent differences indicate that the estimators are low compared to actual volumes

To provide a measure of relative compatability between volume equations and taper-based volume estimates ratios of estimates produced by both methods are shown for diameter and height classes of trees used in the taper analysis in tables 10 and 11 Except at the edges of the data set there is remarkable agreement between the estimators considshyering no attempt was made to condition the taper equations

B Evaluation

In the course of this taper analysis several items were noted which are possible areas for refinement

1 The taper equations are overall slightly low judging by the aggregate difference This is probshyably due to estimating dib rather than dib squared which is proportional to volume It is well known that the squared average of a sample is less than the average squared value unless all of the diameters are the same

2 The rather simple expression of the term f in the equation may not be totally adequate for describing taper differences between trees of different DBH and height

--

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3 The increases with height in the ratios of volume equations to taper based estimates is largely due tothe data set being used No significant trendsindicating a lack of fit were detected in a comparishyson of both volume equations and taper estimateswith actual scaled volumes For Douglas fir thedifference is more pronounced and apparently due toa small and somewhat lopsided distribution of thesample trees

We encourage the cooperators to review these taperequations prior to final publication

In summary volume equations produce simple and effishycient estimates of gro~s tree volume However taper equashytions can be used to produce similar estimates although theyare somewhat cumbersome Taper equations are necessary whenvolumes by logs in individual trees are desired

VIII VOLUME TABLES

While the volume equations presented rere are very useshyful for incorporation into inventory analysis programs many foresters will want some of these volume equations turned into table form The combinationsof speciesgroups (3) equation types (2) measurement units (3) and top diameters (4) would require 72 individual volume tables Wben one considers the possible range of form classes of interest the number of possible tables is even more formidable Since any individual would only be interested in a few of these tables no attempt is being made to publish all ofthese tables

However in Appendix C 50 inch merchantable top boardfoot cubic foot and cubic meter tables are given for eachof the two species Redwood and Douglas fir by DBH andtotal height A listing of the computer program used toproduce these tables is available from the authors

TABLE 10 Redwood -- Rat~os of volume equationto taper based estima s of cubic volume froma 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH andHeight classes of trees used in taper analysis

I D8H I

I I 1[I 20 30 -10 50 lr3

TOTAL HEI GHT

70 80 9~3

(FEET)

100 110 120 1313 140 150 160 1E1 1813 190 200

101 12 I I [ 16 I

109 102

97 105 107 101 101

1( 97

108 103

99

112 106 1 D3 103 1 1211 101

107 103 1 [11

102 1 ~j1 1 [10 1 DE1

11 I

1] I

2gt I 24 I i6 I

94

9)

1(

96

99 100

9 99

~H 99

97 93

97 99

100 100 100 99 1 [113 1[10 100 9~1 98

99 100 100 99 99

99 1 O~J 1 (10 1 CH] 99

99 100 100 100 11]0

S18

97

9B

99 9E1

96

97 97

94

2 I 30 I 32 I 34 I 31 I

9B 99

IDO 100

113D 100 1 Em 101 1 cn 1 [11 101 1~j2

1 (C

1 [11 1 [11 101 101 102 102 11212 103 103 103

100 101 102 102 103

100 100 1 I] 1 102 103

SI9 SIE

10D ~)9 1 [11 1 [1[1 101101 102 102

97

98

99 97

1 [I1

E I 40 I Q I 44 I ill I

1 05

106

1 04 1 04 1 03

106 1 07

105 106 106

1 O 1 pound11 1 03 103 104 104

1 r~16

1 00 101 101 1D4 1 D5

4 i[I 32 I 56

I ] ] I I

108 1 Ot

1[17

110 106

5= I 60 I

TABLE 11 Douglas fir Ratios of volume equation to taper based estimates of cubic volume from a 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH and Height classes of trees used in taper analysis

--

I DEH I

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60 7t3

TlJTRL HE IcHT

BO 90

(FEET)

100 110 120

-----------------------------------------------

130 140 150 160 170 181] 196 2130

1j I 12 I 11 I 11 I

86 95 99

n 99 95 92

99

94

1 04 102

97

106 103 1DO

105 1 D1

1 me 103 106

13 I 20 I 2 I 4 I ~C I

9D 93 92 ~30

17 1 00

96 9C

95 97

93 96

93 9)

1 01 1 00

99

9B

97

1 E14 1 05 102 103 101 102 100 1 [12

99 101

104 104 104 1135

1 04

1 1217

106 106

I 30 I 3 I 3[ I C I

-deg 94 97

99 1 00 1 00

99 100

1 04 102 1 I) 1 ll4 101 102

1 0~5 1 06 1 04 1 (16 11215 104 106

1 139 1m

3 I lD I 4 I 44 I 4C I

1 EJ3 104

104

106

4 I 5U I 52 I ~l I 1 I

1 07

5 T CO I

- 23 -

Literature Cited

Akima Hiroshi 1970 A new method of interpolation and smooth curve

fitting based on local procedures ESSA Research Laboratories Boulder Colorado

Baskerville GL1972 Use of logarithmic regression in the estimation

of plant biomass Can J For Res 2(1)49shy53

Bruce Donald Schumacher Francis Y1950 Forest mensuration 3ded xvii 483p

Johnson Floyd A1966 Bark factors for Douglas fir USDA Forest

Servo Res Paper PNW - 34 Pacific NorthwestFor and Rng Exp Sta Portland Ore 3p

Palley Marshall N1959 Board foot volume tables for young growth coashy

stal Redwood California Forestry and ForestProducts No 11 California AgriculturalExpt Station Berkeley California 5p

Wensel Lee C1971 Tree volume equations from measurements taken

with a Barr and Stroud optical dendrometerHilgardia 41(4)55-64

- 24 -

Appendix

CONIFER TREE VOLU~E EQUATIONS

This appendix contains tables of statistical summariesand coefficient estimates of conifer tree volume equationsEach table has six equation summaries three board foot andthree cubic foot each accessed by total height merchantableheight or height in 163 foot logs Stump height isassumed to be one foot and board foot volumes are based onScribner scale with a nominal scaling length of 16 feet witha 3 foot trim allowance Top diameters vary with eachtable Table A1 provides a quick reference guide to tablespecifications

(1) Types of Equations

Equations are of two types

a) D-H Diameter-height equationsb) D-H-GF Diameter-height-form class equations

The form of diameter height equations is indicated

in Fortran notation as

v = BO(DB1)(HB2)

which in regular mathematical notation isb b

V = b D 1H 20

Similarly the form class equations are in Fortrannotation

V = BO(DB1)(HB2)(GFBS)

which in standard notation is equivalent to

b b b V = b 0D 1H 2GF 3

- 25 shy

(2) Exponential Notation

The coefficient estimates are given to 4 signishyficant digits in exponential notation As examples

5639E-03 = 5639x10-3 = 0005639

25639E+02= 5639x10 = 5639

(3) Standard Deviations

a) Logarithmic (LN UNITS) - Standard deviations ofresiduals are reported in natural logarithmic (baseIe) units

b) Normal Units (PERCENT) - Standard deviations arealso reported as a percentage of predicted volumesThis value is also the coefficient of variation

(4) Adjustment for Logarithmic Bias (LN BIAS)

This value is a multiplicative adjustment usushyally negligable that can be used to correct thevolume equations for any inherent bias resulting from the logarithmic transformations in the equation fitting process

(5) Percent Average Deviation (AVE DEV PERCENT)

This value is the average percent deviation ofactual versus predicted values of the sample used infitting the respective equation

(6) Percent Aggregate Difference (AGG DIFF PERCENT)

This value is the percent difference of thetotal actual volume of sample trees versuspredicted Negative values indicate the equationsare low positive values indicate the equations arehigh

---------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------

- 26 -

Quick Reference

TABLE A1

Guide to Conifer Volume Equations

Table No Species Top

Volume

dLb

to

(inches) Equation Type

1 Redwood 8 2 Redwood 8 3 Redwood 7 4 Redwood 7 5 Redwood 6 6 Redwood 6 7 Redwood 5 8 Redwood 5 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas FirWhitewoods

8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 8

18 Whitewoods 8 19 Whitewoods 7 20 Whitewoods 7 21 Whitewoods 6 22 Whitewoods 6 23 Whitewoods 5 24 Whitewoods 5

D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF

T(jDLE 1 GFDS=vCiLUr-IE T(iEIU~ FOP REDLJDDD TPE ~D--H +++gt1lt++gtltfgtIltgtIlt+lt++ ltltlt1ltgt1lt+++gt1gt1laquo1+ltIlt+-JltgtIlt+lgtflt1ltf lt1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt (lII[LI= 17F EI47

10 FDCT STU~PTD 8D IHCHES TDR DIB

EOUATIDH Y = BOID~Dl) II-1B2) IJII[rE

D=DIAM[T[F DUTSIDE BRPK RT 45 FEI=1

H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE DELDW--

E[IIIRD FOOT yoLUMES--STATISTICRL SUllll(IF

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I

TABLE 3 GROSS ~JLUME n~BLES FOR REDWOOD iF[oD11 gt1ltgt1ltgt1gt1lt gt1lt gt1gt1lt gt1ltgt1 gt1ltfgtIltjlt jlt jlt gt1lt gt1yojgtIlt gt1 gt1lt1ltgt1+ +gt1ltgt1lt y gt1lt gt1lt gt1lt1lt gtlt1lt+ I 1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt gt1++O+gtIlty ~nrJIL[ 11 C

10 FOOT STUMP TIJ 70 IHCHES TOP D IB

EQUATION V = BO(Di~Bl)(HB2) LHIEPE

D=DIn~TER OUTSIDE BnRK nT 45 FEEl H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOArD FOOT VCiLUMES--STnTISTICAL ~ U r-111n F~

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TnBLE 7 GrOSS VOLUME TABLES FOr rEDWOOD TITI=II-II ~jIltiltIfIIltlt+AltIltjIltII1Iltjfjlt+V++hgtllt+Ijlt+f+j1lt+jltVgtf+fjltj++yengtf FIIHLE IZL 9DO

10 FOOT ~3TlHlr= TO 50] tICHE~3 TOP D I Ei

FeUrn] CHJ = BI] (lHB 1) (HKfB2) IHIErE

D=DIAMETLR OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IH FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BiJHFDFOOT VOLUMES--STHTISTICAL SUIlIlftl] ] 1-------- I I I 1 1 1 11 ~T(jHDIlfD I ~3T(III D FIr]) I I Uj I IIE I AGC I 1 1 ]] ])EI] AT 011 ] DEI AT] ON I RfK2 I B]n~= ] DE I D]FF ] B0 I 81 I 82 ]] (LH UII IT~) 1 ( FEF~CEtIT) I I I (PEfCEIITI I (1r~FIEljT) 1 I I 1] ] I 1 1-------- I -- shy on- - -- 1 ----- I 1 I

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l~BLE 9 cross VOLUME TRBLES FOR DOUGLRS FIR 11 r~1)- H

gtIlt+fgtt-++gtIltjlt+lctfgtjgtjjgtII++++IltffIltIIltf++YIltgtIlt -ltfllllLE~3I L no 10 FOOT Sl~MP TO 80 INCHES TOP D IB

EDURTIDrl 130(IlfgtfD I ) UIB2) IJHEPE

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STANDARD 1 Sl~NDARD 1 DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2

1 LJJ I I B If1S I

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I 1 J ] I 80 I 81 1 82 1

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H=TOTf4L HEIGHT I 154 11670 1 967 1 1012 1 11681 1 -1153 I 1Opound9E-[12 I I 793E+0 II lCU9[+U 1 I 1 1 1shy ] 1 1------ I ----- - - - ---] shy - -I I ---

I-I=IIEFCH I-IEI CHr I ID 1 II 13 1 984 I 1006 1 E213 1 1 29~ilE-O 11 IJ2~IE+O II 11iEICilI1236

1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 --H=LOG I-IEICHT 1 1 1 1 1 I I 79CI2[HII] 1 152(jf~H] 1 1 II7[ICll1

1 1 1 1 1 1 I ---- -- - --- I shy - I- - --- - [ ------

CLIEIC FOOT VOLUMES--STRTISTICAL ~ U flrl14 P

1 1 1---shy 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1 J =TmID~IRD I STIIIJDbIPD 1 I Ll1 1 fl[ I AGG 1 ] [ I 1 DElbITIOll I DE 1 biT 1 ON 1 f(++2 I Ellfl~ I DE 1 DlfF I 80 1 81 1 B2 I I (LH lJtjIF) 1 (PERCEIIT) 1 1 1 (PERCEIIT) 1 (PERCENT) 1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] I I - - ---1 - - 1 --_ 1 -- - --- - _shy I ---

H=TOTIL H[IGHT I 13 I 1 14[15 I 971 I 1009 1 9t19 1 - R3C I I [l4l--0I I 703EH] II 1379E+0 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I 1 - 1

1-1=III~fCH HIICIIT 1 D~II 1 ~I 4= 1 986 ] 1004 1 6 7~i 1 91~ ] 121I[-D] IclSE+II] 11111[1111I 1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I ] I I 1201UI+CIIIII47~JE+OII mIIE-I)l] I I I 1 -- -- 1 I - shy _-shy - I ---shy- -- I 1 -shy - I --------- ----- -----

-~~~~ - ~~ shy ~~~~~shy

u LiJWJ r ~

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c

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f- gt-shy gt-shy~

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cishygt-shy

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C 1- - C i- I ugt--~ -- shy ~

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JJ W W= 0 -shy - co

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c t-C~ Cc shy -shy

u+lt-shy7c

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3

LJ

6

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L

Lc U LJ - LLDtshy

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W D ~i

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LL lJJ ~--~~

U~ cn - L f- f- Ishy~ ~ lJJ U~ J Cr- - -- T [~ lJJ ~ ~ LL LLi ~ ~ ~ LL LU

D

= 1 ~ LLe ~LL J J ~LL U il 1 I~il CL II -- il~ 1 shy- 7-- in II 1 Q W I C] QilJ

- I l 1 J I i J CL 1e I - I I = ~ I

= I I J I I = I~a~ f-il U~--~~~~~---~~ U~~~~~ I lJJ

n -+ e CD GG J -w

II I- - fshy ~ ~w~t

~- u ~ -wgtw

cr)

L JgtW

LU - -gtWU j - gtLUU crr--~ il U~ II lt= CL i U~ II lt= il

we W I p] (i ~ LU 0) w l- CLI~ r- CL tt s ~ t- II I II

Sf 1

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w~~~~-~~~~~~ r--

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LL W

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G -10

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LL = shyi

LL ~

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u~ +

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~

L

DCP LL CC rshy

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C--2W I H

HH~_~_~shy

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LL+W G

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L ~~ = shy - ~ ~ -~ u l--

LlJ - - W

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CL ~ J gt

--3 7-

J ~shy ~~~~~ - -shy --

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c D -

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D-

C C JW = ~c

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)LLW) LL ~

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LL u

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shyf-2W un --shy

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c -

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0-

~

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cshy

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LL

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crCC

shy - -Qshy

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= =~=LL LL

shy

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Cj

D [-

LL gt1- c shy ~

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I-- I

TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

- r~ Cj D CD In [c Cj Cj [r ~ Cj Cj -

c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

oJ ltj

C]D D ~~-

co fc Cj C In C]

J I

f

)f~ -

c Cj-

c Cj fr

~j

[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

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L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

C]s CO Lt j ~

- C -

C] -

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C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

LL lt

LLi

shy

uJ

J

fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

- In fshy

- i--

cr fr

~ 7 s

=7

(j C c] e~

J - D In

ishy D j

1(1- u~ [r

- ~

I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

-

C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

fC deg]

-

I CO Q

~~gt-i~

C Cj Lt ~-- -

CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

is iJ Cj

- iJ co

CQ f

~ (T- c

cr co

CQ CQ

-co-

flt1 co

D D fshy f f= ~ ~s~

- - CJ-CQm r CO

U is)i-

- f COCO

CCshy fr shy crco

shyr

r U~ co f

u

eCi ltI

l5 =J D

D iD

S) in-

In1- ~ f)

CD co CD co OJ

J - co in co f

S) D cr -Jco co CO r shy

-0 CCm J fshy r- m fshy

coco

U ~ u

In lC U

J u

shyc iJ w ~

~

S)f~1

Q C]

co 0 CO co

In rJ cow

In co

- Cj cr S) co CO CD fshy co

~~ ~~ ~6 ~j gg

- -crCCshy co OJ co f r f

1 = CD co

-D mm

- D r~ CQ CO r

CTi -J ~ shy f- r- D

~ -

~

D ~ J U~ CT CO co

= co

f C co f- CD r-

D CD

co r-

Cj r-

I ill

f-W W LL

G) IS)

D G-f u f

- 0 cr- 0 r lL

D fshy

ill

U-i lCi I

J u

~ i D u

W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

-

--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

ill u fshy

-

CI jr

-D -)

J (j

c

---- shy --shy -- -shy

-ill

J C 1 --- J- CO DC ID - C1CC]CJ

co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

- T ~ ~-g

0 -0 03

W

B lJ~IV f-

Q LiJ D ~I -shy=rI CO UJ A

LLA DZ

I (FQf-WI

~2 ~lLi Ir

w c lLi -J OJ Ifshy

- f-W lLi LL

rshy~ ~

~ lLi

~ ~ fshyu f-

I ill A

~ QC]

Q I]

I CD

IS fshy

I~ D

f-J

Q In

CJ

Q 1

~ C~ pJ CJ p~

Q ~

3 Cltj

ISI C]

I~j

IS f~1

IS ISI

C]

- m

0

-J [-

CCj

e ID

C]

IS) In

i~

~

~

r~

Q CJ

e

co C]j ID r- s ~JFJ ~J f ~ rJ ~5 f~~ Cf g ~

~ ~

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GJ ~ ~-s CO ISI In D

GI 1 J

- cr)

D CO

S)-

CP 1 CO r

~ U) - C)

D 3 LJf-

JD -lt

3 G In

[shy0

Ci C) J 9

~

r~ co co

f~1 CO

CO

U~ I -1 ~

r~

In 0)

-lt QCO CD

fshyr 11

f1 tn cc

r~ 7shy0) CO cb

pJ CD

LJ ~

- iel

co q c CO CO CO r- fshy

--OJ -

fshyill LJ

IS) i~

1[1 ~ In cc co rshy

en D C- CO m

J

OJ

0 = - GI rshy

fi fJ

-1 CJ

l1J r 3)

-~ In

In fshy

-1 Ci u

~

fshyn shy

r~1c CO [I

Cj -

LJ u ~ -shy

5 cIn

S) m

fshy

rshy

CT

D In 0 In fshy 1)

-

co - is) ~

ill D iD -1 CO Jshyf- D

r~

C) fj

~

--~-shyr OJ

C J) n i= C 7 1) - -j C Cj

g

-CO

f~1 OJ

CO

f-CD

- CO f CO shy

lr) r~1 fshy -

In f

CO Ii)

pJ CO

en rshy

[-- mCD -

C

c C (j ID co 13)f~ ~ f ~ ~~G~A~ U~DCj f~i r~1 f~ i~

- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

c

csshyOJ C

D Cj S~[~~2

- - J coCJ 2~~~4 ~ --

~-

- en Ji- - J U

- - -

m j) j) co D CCIF - - ( Cj ~H~~f ~ ~

- --

G ~~L~f~ g~ ~ f) ~-f ~~~ ~--- J [j

D - co rS)J -C] r~ r~ ~ 1

-- _ ~J~~5~[~

D

c jC cn ~ 1

C CJ Dc s j~~~~j

~ Jc e CJshy ~c CJc r ~ C

- =

7 - ~- n ~~

cr

~i D

c

~ ui ~ T

C 1) ] Jr CC

~~rlt - i~n DrG

C n i~ j n c r C J j Uc J Cj Cj ~ ~

-7 C q ~i =1- j= GO

D iwi

~ W

C -1UCIS) ~ r~ 1 If) r c= Z9fDJ ~~~~~ 4f~~~

i lic

~ g~ f~ ~ 1 ~~~ 1 ~ [) ~ ~ ) - ~ ~n i gnJ~-pJ CJ CJ ) [5 [2 ~ ~ ~

- ~ =3 f ~ ~s C

co

~ - TC G Cj~ In ---- i 8 ~~~ ~=- CJ CJ Cc pJ

~

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C

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1- - rr Jc CJ r) 1 Uc j)

~~j g~ ic 4 wc

=~~ ~ i~~ i

e ~ CJ CC m c- C

CCj r lic D] [1 co c Ct

CJ C CJ

r r~ CJ - Cj

t D co J CJ CJ CJ

~ ~ ~ i i~ j C r~ r ~

- c j I T c c - ~ 1 j ~ )

wc

~

CjD [J

-

co

~

i

c - c f-shyw

i LI J C

-

ifshyi

~H--- LL CC

co u J C-j-J f~ 1 ui

1 C 1) In - CJ C r~

i~cr In - cn ] r i~

C1 D c ~ J r OJ 1] -11uc cr UC -j) [ cco Cr

r ue UC lic in - In r co

T 1 shy co D ~~ J) r C

J J) ) IDshypj J lii r

D co shy 1 C ) J i --

in lic D co - wi cr J Cj CJ

~~[~J~~~

JC c 1 T = Cj- CCj

c)

~ 0 CJ

-jCj

shy

~

= =

~ -

1)- 1)- JCj~

-j gt i~ ec IJ)

Cj f - 8 Z C

T D ~ C T

~

C

-- - D

cr ~ Cj --Cj C C] CO Lc r ~ t

CJ c Uc wc D~= ~~ 3 j ~ ~

- ~shy~---shywc JC D

LL

U I j ltS ~ ----

~ ~~~~ L~~ f f~ co - D T r~

~ Cj-J

() c = LJ ~

ccshyJ

-LL

---1

5S f- -- D LL ~

c

j~

s C

-D CC 0 i~ D

1 in rcn-

CJ 1 1 U

C ~ ~ D - Cj CJ r~

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com-r~j

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f - jco CJ Cj f~ r~ fr j

D co s ~ li~ - - ej CjC]

D CJC ~ c D r

D C j cr J U- Lc wc j)

C CJ u~ ] f~ [j ~ ~

u

W ---1 CD Jshy

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--shy ~ shy

CD ~ shy--

i i

w

- - CD U ~

) eJ 1 lj) CC ~j Fj Z ~ 3 ~f J ~~ ~~ ~Wf~~

s Uc

TI~EIE Ceo FEDtjCiOn

GFI~I~= E[rIPD FCiOT OLUIIETIIFI [ [ilIHE [=[111 1 FllOr =TIIIIF TO ~) IIICH TiiF I I II~I file 1(111lt)

lJDH TOHiL H[ IGlnlFEETJ ~C1I11ICIIF3) 30 40 [1 60 70 80 gO 100 llC1 10 131] 14C) 150 16U 170 10 130 110

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r14 (oo 17 J )3 111 9 IDD 14 1401 177 07 23] 273 I] 3lri 3( 4 Ii 1 ) Ie 00lt 7Co e 16 11 23 57 deg 103 1 1 162 196 --- 271 313 -- 404 454 iOI itiO tj]7 li76

-71= 14 9 ) IDlj 131 lC 2CC 49 J -41 3I 4)1 51 371 (t 711 J

-cr20 1 36 co =9 13 163 20C J 31113 3ei 426 4) 562 63i 713 J5 [u 9U I 1If 0 0 - 1 43 10 I jO 19 )V1 CJ9 ) j 41 ) 1 j 1 C 1 771 Ii Jil 1CI 1177 11[1

I c24 -1 1- B6 129 1jB 235 )9 3C 445 j2F 617 12 813 19 lrI3 11iO 174 11VI 1531 76 21 11 1[1 151 210 - 1 131 53 61 (J C3 136 111131 1214 1353 I48 lC50 1809

--0 34 1 liP 1(f 44 321 40D 304 rn 21 Dr 973 1111 1)r 141U 1-il 171 191 III

30 39 1 13C D (1 371] 1)9 579 701] 830 969 1119 1277 1445 1622 lR08 2002 2205 2417 32 45 93 155 231 320 421 i3) 660 797 945 1105 1275 1456 1647 11348 2060 2282 2514 2755 34 5] 105 I 261 311 47C I I] 747 901 1069 1249 1441 1646 11362 2090 2329 2580 2842 3115

3f - 117 ISJ6 293 lor53) 67 =38 1012 1200 14CJ2 161 It)W U91 2346 ~Gl~) 23=J 3191 11 C) - 70)

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CONTENTS

I Introduction

II Variable Definitions

III Data Sources

A UC Dendrometry

B Palley Data

C USDA-1900 Data

D Cooperator Data

IV Secondary Relationships

A Stump Diameter Estimators

B Bark Ratio at Breast Height Estimators

C Stump Height Estimators

D Tip Estimators

E Bark Taper Estimators

V Volume Equations

A Scaling Procedures

B Board Foot Scale

C Cubic Foot Scale

D Functional Relationships and StatisticalProcedures

E Reliability and Adjustment to Local Conditions

F Metric Units

VI Conifer Taper Models

A Model Criteria

B Model Development

C Model Interpretation and Discussion

- 2 -

VII Volume Equation versus Taper Based Volume Estimates

A Comparisons

B Evaluation

VIII Volume Tables

Literature Cited

Appendix A -Appendix B -

Conifer Tree Volume Equations

Distributions of Sample Trees

Appendix C - Tree Volume Tables

- 3 -

I Introduction

This report contains the results of a comprehensiveanalysis of mensurational relationships among major conishyferous species in the North Coast Region of CaliforniaThese species are redwoods Douglas fir and other whiteshywoods (lowland white fir sitka spruce and western hemshylock) This latter group hereafter referred to as whiteshywoods was treated as a composite due to data limitationsand the relatively minor importance these species have incommercial forest management in the region

This analysis was performed on a large data set thoughtto be representative of the kinds of conifers typical to thecrop components of young growth stands being managed in theregion In other words old growth and severely suppressedtree~ and trees with broken or deformed tops or other abnorshymalities were purposely excluded from consideration Thevolume component of this study is based on gross scale withno allowance for defect or breakage other than merchantabletop specifications

As a preliminary caution it should be emphasized thatthe relationships presented in this report are intended tobe representative of broad regional conditions Local testsof reliability should be made before general usage

Although most of this paper presumes that English unitsare being used metric conversion factors are also given sothat these results can be easily converted when the needarises

II Variable Definitions

The following is a list of variables and definitionsthat are used consistently throughout this report They arepresented here for quick reference and to alleviate the needof continuous repetition of variable definition

DBH Diameter outside bark 45 feet above the ground onthe uphill side of the tree in inches

dbh Diameter inside bark 45 feet above the ground onthe uphill side of the tree in inches

D1 Diameter outside bark in inches at a point ~in on

the tree bole

d1 Diameter inside bark in inches at a point in onthe tree bole

h1 Distance in feet from the ground to a point in on

the tree bole

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b r bark ratio at breast height (45 feet)

dbh = b (DBH) r

GF Girrards form class (GF = dDBH X 100 where d is1 1

evaluated at 173 feet )

DIA 1 General diameter term -- definition depends on the

context

H General measure of tree height in feet

Ht Total tree height in feet

Hm Height to the merchantable top in feet

HI Height to the merchantable top in units of 163 feet (log height)

S Stump height in feet

d s diameter inside bark at the stump

D s diameter outside bark at the stump

exp(X) 27128 raised to the power of X

In(X) Natural logarithm of X

S Standard deviation of the residuals about the yx regression of Y on X

III DATA SOURCES

The data used to develop the relationships presented in this report have been assimilated from four main sources

A Qf Dendrometry

The Universitys Barr and Stroud optical dendrometer model FP 15 was used to take measurements of bole height and outside bark stem diameters at selected points along tree stems

Sampling was performed during the summer of 1975 on lands belonging to members of the Redwood Yield Research Cooperative Tree selection was semi-random A loose criterion was adopted to select trees between 3-50 inches DBH over the range of conditionsencounteredon the propershyties sampled with the following restrictions

a Trees on the edges of road cuts were not measured unless the roads were recentlyconstructed

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b Trees were not selected in stands composed of resishydual old growth or in stands where there was evishydence that the trees present developed as an undersshytory of old-growth stands

c Trees were not selected if they were severelysuppressed had broken tops or possessed otherabnormalities that would make them unlikely candishydates as crop trees in managed young growth stands

B Palley Data

The majority of trees used by Palley (1959 1961) for the previous redwood volume tables were retained after screening for this study These trees were fall buck and scale (FBS) data Measurements included DBH total height

stump height and diameter and inside and ou~side bark diamshyeters on each 16-foot log

C USDA - -shy1900 Data

The United States Department of Agriculture carried outa comprehensive stem analysis project on young growth redshywood sprouts around 1900 Sampling was performed in secondgrowth stands in Del Norte Humboldt and northern Mendocinocounties The records of over 1000 trees are on file at theUniversity Approximately 200 dominant intermediate andcodominant tree records were utilized in the present study

D Cooperator Data

Simpson Timber Company and Georgia Pacific Corporationof the Redwood Research Cooperative donated the FBS recordsof several hundred trees for use in this study

Appendix B contains a breakdown of the numbers of treesby diameter and height classes for each species group Alsoincluded are tables showing average form class by diameterand total height

IV SECONDARY RELATIONSHIPS

The basic set of measurements on each tree needed forvolume and taper analysis consists of a sequential series ofinside bark diameters and log lengths from a specified stump height to the tree tip As the available data had been colshylected by a variety of field procedures it was necessary to develop several estimators to make minor adjustments on the measurements of some trees so the entire data set would bein a compatible form

-------------------------------------------------------

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A Stump Diameter Estimators

In situations where the actual stump height was notcoincident with nominal stump height used in this study thefollowing nonlinear model was used to estimate the stumpdiameter inside bark (d )s

d = (1 - bOX)(DIA)exp(b 1(h - Sraquo (1)s 1 1

where DIA is the measured diameter inside or outside barkat a height h X is an indicator variable equal to 0if DIA is insiae bark and 1 if it is outside bark Coefshyficient estimates and a statistical summary are shown inTable 1

An approximately equal number of inside and outsidebark measurements were used as observations h ranged from5 to 45 feet Extrapolation outside these limits is notrecommended It should be noted that this model assumesbark ratios remain constant over short bole segments Assufficient data were unavailable for other whitewoods Dougshylas fir coefficients were used for this species group also

Table 1

Coefficient estimates by species for the stump diameter model

Species b b1 R2 S Sample Size~ ~~~------------

Douglas Fir 097 038 95 176 403Redwood 153 035 97 148 591

B Bark Ratio at Breast Height Estimators

Bark ratios (b ) were estimated with the followingmodel r

dbh = (br)(DBH) (2)

Estimates and a statisticalsummary are shown in Table 2

-----------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------

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Table 2

Bark ratio estimates and statistical summary

Species br R2 Sample Size

Redwood 85 98 688Douglas Fir 91 99 362Whitewoods 95 99 160

C Stump Height Estimators

In situations where stump height is unknown but stumpdiameter inside bark (d ) and another diameter (DIAi) at aknown height (h) has bee~ measured solving equation (3)for S provide~ a logical form for a nonlinear stump heightestimator

S = C 1[ln(d ) - In(1-cOX) - In(DIA)] + h (3 )s I I

All variable definitions in this model are the same as in

equation 1 The coefficients (cOc1) could be numericallyderived from band b in equation 1 If there was no stashytistical erroP How~ver the coefficients because of thiserror were reestimated by nonlinear least squares and areshown in Table 3

Table 3

Coefficient estimates and statistical summaryfor the stump height model

Species c C1 R2 S (feet) Sample Size~ y~~---------------------

Redwood 308 -1688 93 11 571Douglas Fir 206 -2020 91 13 403

D Tip Estimators

In situationswhere the length of the tree stem fromthe last buck to the tree tip is not measuredit can beestimatedwith the models

TIP = bO(d)b1

(DBH)b2

(4)I I

or

b1 b2 TIPi = bO(Di) (DBH) (5 )

-------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------

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bole from the knownwhere TIPi is the length of the treediameter d or D to the tree top1 1

Tables 4 and 5 give coefficient estimates and a statisticalsummary The sample basis used in developing these equashytions did not utilize top diameters in excess of 14 inches

Table 4

Tip model -- diameter inside bark (d) coefficients and summary 1

---~~~ ~~ ~l ~~---~~~~-~~~-~~_~~~__-Redwood 81 105 -27 752 80 601Douglas Fir 739 103 -24 425 78 143

Table 5

Tip model -- diameter outside bark (D)coefficients and summary 1

Species b b1 b S R2 Sample Size

~ 2 ~~~-------------------Redwood 67 108 -26 698 82 619 Douglas Fir 68 99 -19 394 79 161

E Bark Taper Estimators

Dendrometry measurements were converted to outside barkmeasurements at various heights on standing trees To conshyvert these measurements to diameters inside bark a barktaper model was developed

Douglas fir

There was not enough data available in the sample setto estimate coefficients in a bark taper model for Douglasfir Consequently the model developed by Johnson (1966)for Douglas fir in the Pacific Northwest was considered thenext best alternative This model is

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dD = 559 + 00006h + 203(DDBH) (6 ) I I I I

- 1542(DDBH)2 + 3413 (d D )I s s

This model was also used for other whitewoods

Redwood

Three observations each consisting of height from the ground (h) diameter inside bark (d) and outside bark (D) at rsectndomly selected points on 172 fedwood trees were us~d to develop a redwood bark taper model The following model fitted by nonlinear least squares was found to give the best statistical fit as well as providing a logical and consistent functional form

diDi = dbhDBH + 38(1-dbhDBH)x (7)

(1 -exp(-06(h I - 45raquo)

Total Observations = 521

R2 = 12

Syx = 035

Both coefficients and the overall model were statistically significant at the 01 level The low precision is partly due to measurements being rounded to the nearest tenth inch and the form of the independent variable (dD) Premultishyplying bot~ sides of the expression by D afld fefitting proshyduced an R value of 93 without any real increase in explashynatory power

V Volume Equations

The volume equations developed for each species group in this study are of two general types

Type 1 V = f(DBHH)

Type Q V = f(DBHHGF)

For T~ch equation type and species group twenty-fourequations were estimated by using combinations of the folshylowing items

1 The specIfIcatIons used here for the volume equashytions are those recommended by the Advisory Panel of the Redwood Yield Cooperative

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were used1 Volume types - two volume def~itions

Scribner board foot and cubic feet

2 Height - three definitions of height were used total

height (Ht) merchantable height (Hm) and log height(HI)

3 Merchantable top - volumes were computed to four insidebark top diameter limits -- 8 7 6 and 5 inches

A Scaling Procedures

Volumes for each tree were computed from stump heightto the merchantable top limit As the actual measurementson each tree were not all at even log multiples some meansof interpolation was necessary The best procedure wasfound to be fitting a system of several third order polynoshymials to the actual measurements on each tree (see Akima1970) The basic result of this process was to provide thenumerical equivalent of a free-hand curve drawn through thestem profile conditioned to pass through every measuredpoint This equation system was then utilized to buck thetrees into standard lengths and produce interpolated diameshyters

B Board foot scale

Board foot scale was based on a 10 foot stump heighta nominal log length of 16 feet and a trim allowance of 3

feet Board foot volumes of each log were computed by thefollowing equation (Bruce and Schumacher 1950)

BV = 79(DIA)2 - 2DIA - 4

where DIA is the diameter inside bark at the small end ofthe log

Based on general scaling practices in the region thefollowing procedure was used when the top log was not aneven multiple of 163 feet If the length was less than 8feet the piece was appended to the next lower log which wassubsequently scaled as a long log If it was between 8and 163 feet the piece was appended to the next lower logwhich was subsequentlysplit in half and scaled as twoshort logs

It should be noted that largelydue to the viscissishytudes of the Scribner log rule reducing the top merchantashybility diameter frequently resulted in an overall decreasein the board foot scale for specific trees While no formal

2 Volumes ln CUblC meters are obtained using the cubicfoot equations and metric conversion factors See secshytion VF on metric units

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analysis was performed the general impression gained curingdata analysis was that a top diameter of 6 to 7 inches wouldproduce the maximum overall board foot scale obtainable withthe scaling procedures employed in this study

An end result of this phenomena is that the volumeequations developed in this report are not guaranteed toestimate more board foot volume as the merchantable topdiameter decreases particularly since this is not what hapshypens in practice

C Cubic foot scale

The local taper equation developed for each tree wasused to estimate inside bark diameters at one foot intervalsfrom the stump to the merchantable top Smalians formulawas applied to each one foot segment to compute volumes

D Functional Relationships and Statistical Procedures

The functional form of the volume equations fitted were

b bType 1 V = bo(DBH) 1H 2

b b bType 2 V = b (DBH) 1H 2GF 3

0

For each volume equation case data were transformed bytaking natural logarithms and parameters were subsequentlyestimated by linear least squares regression The constantterm (b) was exponentiated to convert the equation to thenatural Humber scale A synopsis and statistical summaryfor each fitted equation is displayed in Appendix A

Experience has shown that fitting volume equations bythe logarithmic procedure provides consistent and logicalestimators as well as satisfying the usual assumptions ofregression (see Wensel 1973) The major objection is thata negative bias is introduced by this procedure and volumeestimates should be multiplied by a correction factor toprovide theoretically consistent estimates This factoris equal to

exp (5MSE)

where MSE is the mean squared residual of the respectivevolume equation in logarithmic units (Baskerville 1972)This factor (2 to 2 percent) is usually much smaller thanthe statistical error (6 to 22 percent) of the volume equashytions and for most purposes can be ignored These bias corrections are also shown in Appendix A

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E Reliability and Adjustments to Local Conditions

The volume tables essentially give average volumesfor trees of a given DBH and height These volumes are subshyject to two sources of statistical error when used for anindividual tree (1) an error associated with estimatingthe true population volume relationship from samplesThis source of error can be reduced by taking more samples(2) An error associatedwith random deviations about thetrue populationvolume relationship This source of errormay be reduced by adding additional explanatory variables(eg form class)

As with all regional volume tables there is a possishybility that stands of trees in specific localities maydepart from the general relationships shown in these tablesAlso where scaling practices differ from the ones used inthis study an additional source of bias may be introducedHence field checks should be made before local use

The followingproceduresare suggested to check theaccuracy of volume tables at the 95 probability level

1 Specify the accuracy level desired for the estimateof tree volume on the average for the stand beingsampled

2 Determine from Table 6 the number of sample treesrequired Sample sizes were computed with the aidof the well known sample size formula

n = t2(CV)2A2

where

n = number of sample trees

t = students t value corresponding to the numberof sample trees and the confidence level being used

CV = coefficient of variation expressed as a decimal

A = accuracy level expressed as a decimal

-------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------

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Table 6

Sample trees required for 95 confidence intervalsof various levels of accuracy for tree volumes

Accuracy () Cubic Feet Foard Feet

10 9 168 14 256 25 444 56 1002 225 400

Assumed Coefficient 15 20of Variation ()

3 Once the sample size is chosen trees should beselected for volume measurement that are representashytive of the trees for which volume estimates aredesired Each sample tree is measured for DBBtotal height and volume Volume can be obtainedwith a Relaskop dendrometer or by scaling felledtrees Volumes of sample trees should be determinedby the same procedures used in actual scaling operashytions

4 Compute the percent difference between the measuredvolumes and those estimated by the volume tables foreach sample tree Then compute the average percentdifference for all sample trees

5 If the absolute value of the average percent differshyence ii is less than the accuracy level use thetables without adjustment

6 If the Pi is greater than the accuracy level andthere are no trends in the percent deviations oversize classes multiply estimated volumes by the facshytor

F = (1+P100)

7 Percent deviations sometimes show trends with

estimated volume or DBH in which case regressionadjustments may be utilized For example if thepercentage volume deviation of the sawple varieswith DBH in a linear fashion the following correcshytion factor may be used

F = [1+(P+b(D-D))1CO]D 11

where

- 14 -

F = correction factor for a tree of D inchesD 1

1 15 = average DBH of volume sample trees

b = regression constant computed from the volume sample

2P D - nPD = J J

2D2 - n1521

n = number of sample trees

P = Percent deviation of the jth tree in the J volume sample

D = DBH of the jth tree in the volume sampleJ

If more refined estimates or different confidence levels are desired coefficients of variation derived from Appendix A for each species-volume group can be utilized in conjunction with the famishyliar sample size formula

8 As an example suppose 8 percent accuracy levels were desired at the 95 percent probability level A redwood cubic volume check yielded the followingdata

Total Volumes from Volumes Percent Sample Tree DBH Height Tables Scaled Difference

No (inches) (feet) (cubic feet) (cubic feet) (percent)

1 12 60 14 148 +57 2 12 70 16 17 1 +68 3 12 90 21 228 +48 4 18 90 46 494 +74 5 20 130 82 883 +75 6 22 110 84 917 +92 7 28 100 123 1342 +9 1 8 28 130 160 1755 +97 9 30 120 169 1859 100

10 34 130 234 2604 113 11 36 130 262 2908 110 12 36 140 282 3144 115 13 44 160 477 5380 128 14 44 160 477 5409 134

Averages 2686 +93

- 15 -

In this exampleP = 93 is greater than the 8 per~cent accuracy requirement and may be used to computethe correction factor

F = 1 + 93100 = 1093

There is also a trend in the percentage differencewhich increases with DBH In this case a regresshysion correction factor that varies with DBH will bemore precise The regression coefficient b for

the correction factor FD is computed as1

b = [(57)(12) + (68)(12) + (134)(44) - 14 (93)(2686)][122 + 122 + 442 - 14(2686)2]

= 0227

The correction is then

FD = 1 + (93 + 227 (D- 268))100]i 1

= 1093+00227(D-268)1

For a 44 inch tree the volume estimate from thetable would be adjusted upward by the factor

F44 = 1093+00227(44-268)

= 1132

Adjusted Volume = 1132 x 477 = 540 cubic feet

F Metric Units

Each of the equations presented in this report presumesthat English units are being used In the case where metricunits are used for one or more of the measurements thevolume equations are altered as follows

- 16 -

Measurement Units VolumeDBH Height Desired Conversion(C)

inches feet (feet)-J none

inches feet (meters)shyc3

cm meters (feet)3 (c1-b1)(c2-b2)

cm meters (meters)3(c1-b1) (c2 -b2)c3

Hhere c1 = 254 inchescm

c2 = 03048 ftmeter

c3 = 00283168 m3ft3

b1 b2 = coefficients of the volume equation used

These conversion factors can be used in several HaysFirst if desired measurements of D and H can be converted

using the terms c1 and c2 respectively Alternatively theappropriate composite conversions C can be used to convertthe final volume Desired volume is obtained by multiplyingthe calculated volume from the volume equation times theappropriate conversion factor above

VI CONIFER TAPER MODELS

Taper models estimate diameter inside bark at variousheights on tree boles when only DBH and some measure of treeheight are observed Taper models are used for two princishyple purposes

1 Estimation of the dimensions of upper stem portionsfor defect adjustment in cruising

2 Estimation of the log size mix potentially availablefrom standing trees

A Model Criteria

Taper models are conventionally required to haveseveral properties

1 If total height is an access variable the modelshould predict a diameter inside bark of a at thetree tip Similarly if merchantable height is usedthe equation should predict the top merchantableinside bark diameter at the merchantable height

- 17 shy

2 Predictions of stump or hreast high diameters shouldequal actual measurements at these points Whilethese values are not conventionally recorded in thefield the taper model should be structured sopredicted inside bark diameters can be forcedthrough logical values of these points if necessary

3 Predictions derived from these equations should bealways positive always decrease with increases inbole height and be relatively unbiased at variouspoints on the tree bole

B ~odel Development

Experimentation with several possible functional formsled to the following model which is based on the modifiedinverse of a general sigmoidal equation This model was found form

to satisfy the previous criteria and has the general

d = c D - Df ln[1-Rc1

(1-exp(c f1 - d ~f )))J1 0 1 ~ 0 m~ 1

Where

di = dib in inches at a point lilon the tree bole

D = DBH

h = height in feet from ground to a point i on the tree1 bole

H = general measure of tree height in feet

R = (h-1)(H-1)1

d = merchantable top diameter inside bark correspondingm to the point where h1 = H

f1 = c2 + c3D + c4H

c1 = parameters estimated by regression methods

This model is conditioned so that the predicted diameshyter inside bark will equal a when h = H If H is totalheight d is 0 and the predicted diameter will be a at thetree tip~ Similarly if H is the height to a merchantabletop of say 50 inches d is 50 inches and the predictionwill be conditioned to mpredict 50 inches dib when hi =H

Six taper equations were developed with H being definedas height from the ground to an 85 and C inch (tree tip)

- 18 shy

top dib for redwood and Douglas fir The models werefitted by nonlinear least squares Two to three samplepoints on suitable trees used in the previously desoribedvolume analysis were randomly chosen for equation fittingCoefficient estimates and a statistical summary are shown inTable 7

C Podel Interpretation and Discussion

The coefficient c is interpreted as the ratio ofdib at a 10 foot ~tump to DBH The fitted coefficientswere almost numerically equal to simple ratio estimatorsbased on the same data set so constraining the model was not

considered necessary The term f1 for the taper modelswere chosen after considerable experimentation in attemptsto account for general differences in taper between trees indifferent diameter and height classes Table 8 gives avershyage bias (average difference between actual and predictedvalues) by relative height for all six taper equations Ingeneral these biases are small and quite acceptable for thegeneral level of precision usually required in estimatingupper bole diameters

Table 7

Taper Podel Coefficients and Statistical Summary

REmJOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Merchantable Tops

00 50 80 00 50 80

c 955 956 955 1008 1016 1 0240

387 346 326 415 320 276c1

-362 -247 -211 -275 -169 -142c2

-00581 -00666 -00542 -00770 -00539 -00364c3

00122 00116 000847 000640 000178 000108c4

R2 902 962 967 974 978 975

S 128 119 114 97 81 82yx

SampleCJlze 1238 1217 1164 671 631 574

--

- 19 -

Table 8

Bias of conifer taper equations at various pointon the sample tree boles

REDWOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Equation top diameter Equation top diameter

00 50 80 00 50 80

Bias in Inches

Stump 13 01 -03 22 10 03

DBH -16 01 09 - 15 -03 05

-22 -20 -22 -20 -10 -10h17

30 17 03 25 07 10h33

30 -04 07 35 17 05h5

-06 -03 08 1 1 - 14 -00h67

-34 06 26 -54 -04 00hS5

top 00 00 00 00 00 00

h xx refers to a bole height equal to xx of total height

Positive table values indicate predictions are low

VII VOLUME EQUATION VERSUS TAPER BASED VOLUME ESTIMATES

The coefficients in Appendix A can be used to estimategross volume directly in standing trees The taper equashytions can also be used to obtain indirect estimates of grossvolume Essentially the taper equation is used to estimateinside bark diameters at the places on the tree bole whereit is to be bucked into lengths These lengths are thenscaled using predicted inside bark diameters and summed toestimate total volume Mathematical integration of thetaper function is impossible so this numerical technique isrequired

It should be emphasized that the taper equations weredeveloped to predict inside bark bole diameters not tree

- 20 shy

volume Hence their adequacy in volume estimation cannotbe judged by conventional statistics Regardless the folshylowing ad hoc comparisons were made

A Comparisons

Diameters total heights and scaled cubic volumes to afive inch top of the trees used in the taper analysis wereutilized for comparative purposes The coefficients fromthe appropriate total height-DEH cubic volume equation wereused to directly predict volumes to a five inch top forthese trees The total height taper equations (H isdefined as total height) have the greatest standard deviashytions and range in bias Consequently they were used forcomparative purposes as a measure of the worst that could bedone using taper equations to obtain volume estimatesThese taper equations were used to predict inside bark diamshyeters at one foot intervals on each tree from the stump to afive inch top Smalians formula was then used to computevolume of each segment which were then summed to give anindirect estimate of cubic volume The following statisticswere then computed for both redwood and Douglas fir

1 Aggregate percentage difference

2 Average percentage difference

3 Root mean square percent deviation (RMSPD) computedas

1

RMSPD = (Z((y - y)y)2n)21 1 1

where

y = volume estimated b~hvolume equation or taper 1 equation for the i sample tree

y1 = actual scaled volume of the ith sample tree

n = number of sample trees

These values are shown in Table 9 and are essentially a measure of how close predicted volumes are to actual scaled tree volumes used in the basic analysis As indicators of lack of bias average and aggregate percent differences should be close to zero The RMSPD value is essentially an approximation to the standard deviation expressed as a pershycent Comparisons of these values for the taper equation with those of the volume equation provides a measure of relative efficiency Judging from table 9 there appears to be no bias in volume prediction from the taper equations

- 21 shy

and RMSPD values are almost identical

Table 9

Comparative statistics for judging differences between volume equation and taper equation based volume estimates

Redwood Douglas fir

Average Aggregate RMSPD Average Aggregate RMSPD difference difference difference difference

---per cent---

Volume -8 8 153 1 -12 11 5 equation

Taper -2 19 15 1 2 11 112 equation

Positive percent differences indicate that the estimators are low compared to actual volumes

To provide a measure of relative compatability between volume equations and taper-based volume estimates ratios of estimates produced by both methods are shown for diameter and height classes of trees used in the taper analysis in tables 10 and 11 Except at the edges of the data set there is remarkable agreement between the estimators considshyering no attempt was made to condition the taper equations

B Evaluation

In the course of this taper analysis several items were noted which are possible areas for refinement

1 The taper equations are overall slightly low judging by the aggregate difference This is probshyably due to estimating dib rather than dib squared which is proportional to volume It is well known that the squared average of a sample is less than the average squared value unless all of the diameters are the same

2 The rather simple expression of the term f in the equation may not be totally adequate for describing taper differences between trees of different DBH and height

--

- 22 shy

3 The increases with height in the ratios of volume equations to taper based estimates is largely due tothe data set being used No significant trendsindicating a lack of fit were detected in a comparishyson of both volume equations and taper estimateswith actual scaled volumes For Douglas fir thedifference is more pronounced and apparently due toa small and somewhat lopsided distribution of thesample trees

We encourage the cooperators to review these taperequations prior to final publication

In summary volume equations produce simple and effishycient estimates of gro~s tree volume However taper equashytions can be used to produce similar estimates although theyare somewhat cumbersome Taper equations are necessary whenvolumes by logs in individual trees are desired

VIII VOLUME TABLES

While the volume equations presented rere are very useshyful for incorporation into inventory analysis programs many foresters will want some of these volume equations turned into table form The combinationsof speciesgroups (3) equation types (2) measurement units (3) and top diameters (4) would require 72 individual volume tables Wben one considers the possible range of form classes of interest the number of possible tables is even more formidable Since any individual would only be interested in a few of these tables no attempt is being made to publish all ofthese tables

However in Appendix C 50 inch merchantable top boardfoot cubic foot and cubic meter tables are given for eachof the two species Redwood and Douglas fir by DBH andtotal height A listing of the computer program used toproduce these tables is available from the authors

TABLE 10 Redwood -- Rat~os of volume equationto taper based estima s of cubic volume froma 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH andHeight classes of trees used in taper analysis

I D8H I

I I 1[I 20 30 -10 50 lr3

TOTAL HEI GHT

70 80 9~3

(FEET)

100 110 120 1313 140 150 160 1E1 1813 190 200

101 12 I I [ 16 I

109 102

97 105 107 101 101

1( 97

108 103

99

112 106 1 D3 103 1 1211 101

107 103 1 [11

102 1 ~j1 1 [10 1 DE1

11 I

1] I

2gt I 24 I i6 I

94

9)

1(

96

99 100

9 99

~H 99

97 93

97 99

100 100 100 99 1 [113 1[10 100 9~1 98

99 100 100 99 99

99 1 O~J 1 (10 1 CH] 99

99 100 100 100 11]0

S18

97

9B

99 9E1

96

97 97

94

2 I 30 I 32 I 34 I 31 I

9B 99

IDO 100

113D 100 1 Em 101 1 cn 1 [11 101 1~j2

1 (C

1 [11 1 [11 101 101 102 102 11212 103 103 103

100 101 102 102 103

100 100 1 I] 1 102 103

SI9 SIE

10D ~)9 1 [11 1 [1[1 101101 102 102

97

98

99 97

1 [I1

E I 40 I Q I 44 I ill I

1 05

106

1 04 1 04 1 03

106 1 07

105 106 106

1 O 1 pound11 1 03 103 104 104

1 r~16

1 00 101 101 1D4 1 D5

4 i[I 32 I 56

I ] ] I I

108 1 Ot

1[17

110 106

5= I 60 I

TABLE 11 Douglas fir Ratios of volume equation to taper based estimates of cubic volume from a 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH and Height classes of trees used in taper analysis

--

I DEH I

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60 7t3

TlJTRL HE IcHT

BO 90

(FEET)

100 110 120

-----------------------------------------------

130 140 150 160 170 181] 196 2130

1j I 12 I 11 I 11 I

86 95 99

n 99 95 92

99

94

1 04 102

97

106 103 1DO

105 1 D1

1 me 103 106

13 I 20 I 2 I 4 I ~C I

9D 93 92 ~30

17 1 00

96 9C

95 97

93 96

93 9)

1 01 1 00

99

9B

97

1 E14 1 05 102 103 101 102 100 1 [12

99 101

104 104 104 1135

1 04

1 1217

106 106

I 30 I 3 I 3[ I C I

-deg 94 97

99 1 00 1 00

99 100

1 04 102 1 I) 1 ll4 101 102

1 0~5 1 06 1 04 1 (16 11215 104 106

1 139 1m

3 I lD I 4 I 44 I 4C I

1 EJ3 104

104

106

4 I 5U I 52 I ~l I 1 I

1 07

5 T CO I

- 23 -

Literature Cited

Akima Hiroshi 1970 A new method of interpolation and smooth curve

fitting based on local procedures ESSA Research Laboratories Boulder Colorado

Baskerville GL1972 Use of logarithmic regression in the estimation

of plant biomass Can J For Res 2(1)49shy53

Bruce Donald Schumacher Francis Y1950 Forest mensuration 3ded xvii 483p

Johnson Floyd A1966 Bark factors for Douglas fir USDA Forest

Servo Res Paper PNW - 34 Pacific NorthwestFor and Rng Exp Sta Portland Ore 3p

Palley Marshall N1959 Board foot volume tables for young growth coashy

stal Redwood California Forestry and ForestProducts No 11 California AgriculturalExpt Station Berkeley California 5p

Wensel Lee C1971 Tree volume equations from measurements taken

with a Barr and Stroud optical dendrometerHilgardia 41(4)55-64

- 24 -

Appendix

CONIFER TREE VOLU~E EQUATIONS

This appendix contains tables of statistical summariesand coefficient estimates of conifer tree volume equationsEach table has six equation summaries three board foot andthree cubic foot each accessed by total height merchantableheight or height in 163 foot logs Stump height isassumed to be one foot and board foot volumes are based onScribner scale with a nominal scaling length of 16 feet witha 3 foot trim allowance Top diameters vary with eachtable Table A1 provides a quick reference guide to tablespecifications

(1) Types of Equations

Equations are of two types

a) D-H Diameter-height equationsb) D-H-GF Diameter-height-form class equations

The form of diameter height equations is indicated

in Fortran notation as

v = BO(DB1)(HB2)

which in regular mathematical notation isb b

V = b D 1H 20

Similarly the form class equations are in Fortrannotation

V = BO(DB1)(HB2)(GFBS)

which in standard notation is equivalent to

b b b V = b 0D 1H 2GF 3

- 25 shy

(2) Exponential Notation

The coefficient estimates are given to 4 signishyficant digits in exponential notation As examples

5639E-03 = 5639x10-3 = 0005639

25639E+02= 5639x10 = 5639

(3) Standard Deviations

a) Logarithmic (LN UNITS) - Standard deviations ofresiduals are reported in natural logarithmic (baseIe) units

b) Normal Units (PERCENT) - Standard deviations arealso reported as a percentage of predicted volumesThis value is also the coefficient of variation

(4) Adjustment for Logarithmic Bias (LN BIAS)

This value is a multiplicative adjustment usushyally negligable that can be used to correct thevolume equations for any inherent bias resulting from the logarithmic transformations in the equation fitting process

(5) Percent Average Deviation (AVE DEV PERCENT)

This value is the average percent deviation ofactual versus predicted values of the sample used infitting the respective equation

(6) Percent Aggregate Difference (AGG DIFF PERCENT)

This value is the percent difference of thetotal actual volume of sample trees versuspredicted Negative values indicate the equationsare low positive values indicate the equations arehigh

---------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------

- 26 -

Quick Reference

TABLE A1

Guide to Conifer Volume Equations

Table No Species Top

Volume

dLb

to

(inches) Equation Type

1 Redwood 8 2 Redwood 8 3 Redwood 7 4 Redwood 7 5 Redwood 6 6 Redwood 6 7 Redwood 5 8 Redwood 5 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas FirWhitewoods

8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 8

18 Whitewoods 8 19 Whitewoods 7 20 Whitewoods 7 21 Whitewoods 6 22 Whitewoods 6 23 Whitewoods 5 24 Whitewoods 5

D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF

T(jDLE 1 GFDS=vCiLUr-IE T(iEIU~ FOP REDLJDDD TPE ~D--H +++gt1lt++gtltfgtIltgtIlt+lt++ ltltlt1ltgt1lt+++gt1gt1laquo1+ltIlt+-JltgtIlt+lgtflt1ltf lt1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt (lII[LI= 17F EI47

10 FDCT STU~PTD 8D IHCHES TDR DIB

EOUATIDH Y = BOID~Dl) II-1B2) IJII[rE

D=DIAM[T[F DUTSIDE BRPK RT 45 FEI=1

H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE DELDW--

E[IIIRD FOOT yoLUMES--STATISTICRL SUllll(IF

I I 1---- I -- - I I 1 ] ] -- --- --- -----

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rlt D shy

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--~--shyD I J I -

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W co cor~1 i shy

~ iDCO C-shy

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gt- shyr-i shy

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D-Dshycn LL+f=

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W- LL = r-

U J -

tD ~

i-D-W

- i ~~

1 - Cj

-) i~

- QW = en- -------

iI en Wfw~ -1 7 ~ r-O-~-

C

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G jj U~

gshy-shy QC = U~ ~ shy -

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shy shy en =

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en en -

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co- D- u+shy

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rshy

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Q=I LL

Q = cshy - -

uLL cJ

U co

u

J gtT T

7 - W ~o-shy

= W0= W -

CL L c

CL

~-~shy~ Ljshy

gt- U r-shyl--i-w -lt = ~

U

==--Dshy= -gt W -WDshy

-

C Q - ~-----shy

~ f CL-shygtILshy

j C- ishy

-- gtII-

f=uJ en Q - --------

shy

u c- -lLJ lLJ -I -shy -

lLJ -1 = I U shy - n C C ishy -1 II = = =

I

TABLE 3 GROSS ~JLUME n~BLES FOR REDWOOD iF[oD11 gt1ltgt1ltgt1gt1lt gt1lt gt1gt1lt gt1ltgt1 gt1ltfgtIltjlt jlt jlt gt1lt gt1yojgtIlt gt1 gt1lt1ltgt1+ +gt1ltgt1lt y gt1lt gt1lt gt1lt1lt gtlt1lt+ I 1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt gt1++O+gtIlty ~nrJIL[ 11 C

10 FOOT STUMP TIJ 70 IHCHES TOP D IB

EQUATION V = BO(Di~Bl)(HB2) LHIEPE

D=DIn~TER OUTSIDE BnRK nT 45 FEEl H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOArD FOOT VCiLUMES--STnTISTICAL ~ U r-111n F~

I I I I -- - I - I 1 1 1 1 I rnIIDfIPD I ~TIIIIDFIFD I I LJJ I FIE 1 AIC 1 I 1 I

H=TOTRl HEICHT

I I I I

DE I ATI 011 I (UJ LHIIT) I

I 204 I

DE I FIl I [111

( RErCEHT)

~2 ( 1

I I I I

PgtI+2

962

I I ] I

FIn

1021

I I I ]

DE ( [O[iCEIT)

15825

1 II I FF I (REf~CEIIT) 1----I 261

I DO ] Bl I I ] 1 I -ICJDI--031 Clfl2E+D

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82

1 (2EI-II

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shy shy shy

~ ~ - I- ~ - ~ ~ ~

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pound i

=+= + +

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CD cT C ~

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c1 In -- i 1 D -1

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-- [

-

D ~i~- shy

- ~- r- r-shy ~ shy - ~ ~ shy - -~ ~ - ~

--- ~

-

=shy- - W

shy ishy

r

~-~-shy ----~ ~ --

shy

Cj

SJ +

W shycr CT i- -- -

~

0 D -Lu

~--~~-shy-

J

- ~shy

[shy

W C -- r-

-In cr u cI

Lu W D [ Cj C co U

----

-~----

LL

L1 u -

= ~ QJ

LU U~ U ) LL = cshy

-

)LLW) LL ~

~ - -Q

shycr r~

J C shy-

Q

~ ~ - ~ LL CC r-

LL u

wi LL -

shyf-2W un --shy

-

---i

j C[ WI -~-LL LL

- - --~

W+ =shy W

-

T-

- U~

Q-W J ~ shy~ cshy

~G~- LL LL

-cshy 5~= I

fshy-shy

-CL

c co shy

] U~

U~_---------shy 2

Ck =CT

c -

- ~ rshy rshy

~Gamp

f = -

0-

~

c c

- -----------~ W ) LL

- -- +

shy-shy

cshy

shy

= W - ~ W-

LL

~ -shy _LL ~ -

- Cj

shy ~

J---~ ~-shy--

c T

crCC

shy - -Qshy

shy - shy - - v

CCD

= =~=LL LL

shy

~--~--~-~-shy== C~

- = cshy~shy

Cj

D [-

LL gt1- c shy ~

shy L - U shy shy -~ --

I-shy cshy-CJ -

Lu I

)U I

Lu-- -U iL 1

f-LlJ

- iitI

I-- I

TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

- r~ Cj D CD In [c Cj Cj [r ~ Cj Cj -

c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

oJ ltj

C]D D ~~-

co fc Cj C In C]

J I

f

)f~ -

c Cj-

c Cj fr

~j

[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

~J CO (I flt - Cj-

L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

C]s CO Lt j ~

- C -

C] -

- ~

)-~ COD

C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

LL lt

LLi

shy

uJ

J

fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

- In fshy

- i--

cr fr

~ 7 s

=7

(j C c] e~

J - D In

ishy D j

1(1- u~ [r

- ~

I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

-

C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

fC deg]

-

I CO Q

~~gt-i~

C Cj Lt ~-- -

CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

is iJ Cj

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CQ f

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cr co

CQ CQ

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flt1 co

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U is)i-

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shyr

r U~ co f

u

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D iD

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J - co in co f

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coco

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Q C]

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In rJ cow

In co

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1 = CD co

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CTi -J ~ shy f- r- D

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~

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= co

f C co f- CD r-

D CD

co r-

Cj r-

I ill

f-W W LL

G) IS)

D G-f u f

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D fshy

ill

U-i lCi I

J u

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W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

-

--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

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CI jr

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---- shy --shy -- -shy

-ill

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0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

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LLA DZ

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I ill A

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S)-

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pJ CD

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fshyill LJ

IS) i~

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en D C- CO m

J

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fi fJ

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In fshy

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~

fshyn shy

r~1c CO [I

Cj -

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fshy

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CT

D In 0 In fshy 1)

-

co - is) ~

ill D iD -1 CO Jshyf- D

r~

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C J) n i= C 7 1) - -j C Cj

g

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lr) r~1 fshy -

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- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

c

csshyOJ C

D Cj S~[~~2

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~-

- en Ji- - J U

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m j) j) co D CCIF - - ( Cj ~H~~f ~ ~

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c jC cn ~ 1

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- =

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cr

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c

~ ui ~ T

C 1) ] Jr CC

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C n i~ j n c r C J j Uc J Cj Cj ~ ~

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i lic

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co

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c)

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= =

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1)- 1)- JCj~

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Cj f - 8 Z C

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cr ~ Cj --Cj C C] CO Lc r ~ t

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LL

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GFI~I~= E[rIPD FCiOT OLUIIETIIFI [ [ilIHE [=[111 1 FllOr =TIIIIF TO ~) IIICH TiiF I I II~I file 1(111lt)

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- - C - n -

--

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-

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[shyshy

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shy-shy

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ni CJ - ~ c~ ~ fshy n shy -

~ ~

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c~ tU

w J - -~

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fJ CO J) D U~ shy

shyshy

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J =

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u J n T

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--+ ~f- Cfshy

co ~ - 1 C CJ - ~ i 1

i

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CJ ~1 ~ t- C 0 -~~~-

~ shy

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-4

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LL ~

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T(ELE Cl DOIJC[(I F IF

[iPCI~CLIFIC I-[lOT lOLUIn rnHIE~LUME rROM 1 FOOT STIJMP TO 5 INCH TOP ( 11131Dr uriiIlt)

DElli ITITn I IlL I GHT (fTr FI (I tICIIE) 2[1 --I] 1[1 50 bO 70 80 9n lGG l1l1 120

----shy

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114 4 11 15 19 ~4 29 34 39 ~t_ 51 -~16 5 3 1 lC n 2~ 35 42 49 ~i6 to

c 0010 6 10 16 LL 55 43 50 ~j9 b 6

~0 7 12 1 2b j5 41 50 60 69 7 ~1 SiO ~~ n 11 ~ 31] 39 em 58 69 1 I ]1]5

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30 1 -s c 11 63 3 Sj6 11 12 151 171 nn3~ 14 26 ~ 54 70 106 L6 146 163 190

34 16 29 43 f~D 7 96 11 130 161 IB~i ltU9 c 1036 17 - 1 47 65 1 lOb LJ J - 1f 20

C 1 ~12 1 1~5 165 1SJ2 2U3 19 34 131

10 1 j ~f f 1[i iJ 15 1~)] 1) 20 3]--shy1 ~~ 41 co ) 10 ] 3~ U4 1~1 c -~I

44 ~f 4 C~i SID 1 1~ 1lS 16 ki) ~43 0

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c

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cl

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J c

c j

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shyshy1 u

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C c

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n

v y

-shy

1

J Cl -- G

iJ J shy T Cj ~ c~

in Cj C 0 0 shy ~ cr shy c 0 - ~ u~~- -shy

n T ~ ~ cc D h- C r D - CT- 1 - - ~ C] ~]C

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--

-1

shy )

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~

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~ = 3 ~~r~ In r-] ~

- ]C = ~ ~ C C] - -

~ -

cn j

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D 0 -cr = r~

i ~ a f q ~2 f ~-~ f~L~ ~) co c- Cj

iT J - = U

~ ~~d~ C] Cj ] c f~

i U~ ~J ~

= i~ f~ ~ f i fshy- ~

~ pound pound r~ c shy rshy co co e] l2- 10 shy cr U

i v

U~ ~]

D D CJ

~i ~s2 - J~ u- = = shy -~ ~ ~~ IJ

D CO CJ

)C] -cshy 1 = ~

~ rl Cl

shy 7 co rshy ~] cc f- ID lo shy-cr U~I0 f-C

C] - - f- c 0 C1c] f eeshyJ = CJ ~I r

~

= f- = - j) = U D - cr =

fshy~ ]

= 0

~ CO D shy ~ 1 l1) ~1 shy

Cl C] r~ ~~~~~ -~ c~ c~ g~ ~ ec c J - C j - 7 cr r- u~ f-

In - Cl U~ ~ j U~ f- CO -~ -

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co (0

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D

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1 ~g 0

pound I G u- -f~ cr poundIe] co or r j U~ poundI

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J ~ 3 ) ~ - ~ e

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)

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0 -j

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c

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C1 C co iD shy jj

R~~~13

r[j~ J - r

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j j fj -ij ~~ ~ ~ C

--

CD IS

-ID S

f [1

j - ~ ~ shy- 0 OJ -i ] C 0 Ci j CJ

0 Cj [j - - en C h) -

D -j en - [) Ul jj

~ ~

C j fj~ - ) r c s

- 2 -

VII Volume Equation versus Taper Based Volume Estimates

A Comparisons

B Evaluation

VIII Volume Tables

Literature Cited

Appendix A -Appendix B -

Conifer Tree Volume Equations

Distributions of Sample Trees

Appendix C - Tree Volume Tables

- 3 -

I Introduction

This report contains the results of a comprehensiveanalysis of mensurational relationships among major conishyferous species in the North Coast Region of CaliforniaThese species are redwoods Douglas fir and other whiteshywoods (lowland white fir sitka spruce and western hemshylock) This latter group hereafter referred to as whiteshywoods was treated as a composite due to data limitationsand the relatively minor importance these species have incommercial forest management in the region

This analysis was performed on a large data set thoughtto be representative of the kinds of conifers typical to thecrop components of young growth stands being managed in theregion In other words old growth and severely suppressedtree~ and trees with broken or deformed tops or other abnorshymalities were purposely excluded from consideration Thevolume component of this study is based on gross scale withno allowance for defect or breakage other than merchantabletop specifications

As a preliminary caution it should be emphasized thatthe relationships presented in this report are intended tobe representative of broad regional conditions Local testsof reliability should be made before general usage

Although most of this paper presumes that English unitsare being used metric conversion factors are also given sothat these results can be easily converted when the needarises

II Variable Definitions

The following is a list of variables and definitionsthat are used consistently throughout this report They arepresented here for quick reference and to alleviate the needof continuous repetition of variable definition

DBH Diameter outside bark 45 feet above the ground onthe uphill side of the tree in inches

dbh Diameter inside bark 45 feet above the ground onthe uphill side of the tree in inches

D1 Diameter outside bark in inches at a point ~in on

the tree bole

d1 Diameter inside bark in inches at a point in onthe tree bole

h1 Distance in feet from the ground to a point in on

the tree bole

- 4 shy

b r bark ratio at breast height (45 feet)

dbh = b (DBH) r

GF Girrards form class (GF = dDBH X 100 where d is1 1

evaluated at 173 feet )

DIA 1 General diameter term -- definition depends on the

context

H General measure of tree height in feet

Ht Total tree height in feet

Hm Height to the merchantable top in feet

HI Height to the merchantable top in units of 163 feet (log height)

S Stump height in feet

d s diameter inside bark at the stump

D s diameter outside bark at the stump

exp(X) 27128 raised to the power of X

In(X) Natural logarithm of X

S Standard deviation of the residuals about the yx regression of Y on X

III DATA SOURCES

The data used to develop the relationships presented in this report have been assimilated from four main sources

A Qf Dendrometry

The Universitys Barr and Stroud optical dendrometer model FP 15 was used to take measurements of bole height and outside bark stem diameters at selected points along tree stems

Sampling was performed during the summer of 1975 on lands belonging to members of the Redwood Yield Research Cooperative Tree selection was semi-random A loose criterion was adopted to select trees between 3-50 inches DBH over the range of conditionsencounteredon the propershyties sampled with the following restrictions

a Trees on the edges of road cuts were not measured unless the roads were recentlyconstructed

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b Trees were not selected in stands composed of resishydual old growth or in stands where there was evishydence that the trees present developed as an undersshytory of old-growth stands

c Trees were not selected if they were severelysuppressed had broken tops or possessed otherabnormalities that would make them unlikely candishydates as crop trees in managed young growth stands

B Palley Data

The majority of trees used by Palley (1959 1961) for the previous redwood volume tables were retained after screening for this study These trees were fall buck and scale (FBS) data Measurements included DBH total height

stump height and diameter and inside and ou~side bark diamshyeters on each 16-foot log

C USDA - -shy1900 Data

The United States Department of Agriculture carried outa comprehensive stem analysis project on young growth redshywood sprouts around 1900 Sampling was performed in secondgrowth stands in Del Norte Humboldt and northern Mendocinocounties The records of over 1000 trees are on file at theUniversity Approximately 200 dominant intermediate andcodominant tree records were utilized in the present study

D Cooperator Data

Simpson Timber Company and Georgia Pacific Corporationof the Redwood Research Cooperative donated the FBS recordsof several hundred trees for use in this study

Appendix B contains a breakdown of the numbers of treesby diameter and height classes for each species group Alsoincluded are tables showing average form class by diameterand total height

IV SECONDARY RELATIONSHIPS

The basic set of measurements on each tree needed forvolume and taper analysis consists of a sequential series ofinside bark diameters and log lengths from a specified stump height to the tree tip As the available data had been colshylected by a variety of field procedures it was necessary to develop several estimators to make minor adjustments on the measurements of some trees so the entire data set would bein a compatible form

-------------------------------------------------------

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A Stump Diameter Estimators

In situations where the actual stump height was notcoincident with nominal stump height used in this study thefollowing nonlinear model was used to estimate the stumpdiameter inside bark (d )s

d = (1 - bOX)(DIA)exp(b 1(h - Sraquo (1)s 1 1

where DIA is the measured diameter inside or outside barkat a height h X is an indicator variable equal to 0if DIA is insiae bark and 1 if it is outside bark Coefshyficient estimates and a statistical summary are shown inTable 1

An approximately equal number of inside and outsidebark measurements were used as observations h ranged from5 to 45 feet Extrapolation outside these limits is notrecommended It should be noted that this model assumesbark ratios remain constant over short bole segments Assufficient data were unavailable for other whitewoods Dougshylas fir coefficients were used for this species group also

Table 1

Coefficient estimates by species for the stump diameter model

Species b b1 R2 S Sample Size~ ~~~------------

Douglas Fir 097 038 95 176 403Redwood 153 035 97 148 591

B Bark Ratio at Breast Height Estimators

Bark ratios (b ) were estimated with the followingmodel r

dbh = (br)(DBH) (2)

Estimates and a statisticalsummary are shown in Table 2

-----------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------

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Table 2

Bark ratio estimates and statistical summary

Species br R2 Sample Size

Redwood 85 98 688Douglas Fir 91 99 362Whitewoods 95 99 160

C Stump Height Estimators

In situations where stump height is unknown but stumpdiameter inside bark (d ) and another diameter (DIAi) at aknown height (h) has bee~ measured solving equation (3)for S provide~ a logical form for a nonlinear stump heightestimator

S = C 1[ln(d ) - In(1-cOX) - In(DIA)] + h (3 )s I I

All variable definitions in this model are the same as in

equation 1 The coefficients (cOc1) could be numericallyderived from band b in equation 1 If there was no stashytistical erroP How~ver the coefficients because of thiserror were reestimated by nonlinear least squares and areshown in Table 3

Table 3

Coefficient estimates and statistical summaryfor the stump height model

Species c C1 R2 S (feet) Sample Size~ y~~---------------------

Redwood 308 -1688 93 11 571Douglas Fir 206 -2020 91 13 403

D Tip Estimators

In situationswhere the length of the tree stem fromthe last buck to the tree tip is not measuredit can beestimatedwith the models

TIP = bO(d)b1

(DBH)b2

(4)I I

or

b1 b2 TIPi = bO(Di) (DBH) (5 )

-------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------

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bole from the knownwhere TIPi is the length of the treediameter d or D to the tree top1 1

Tables 4 and 5 give coefficient estimates and a statisticalsummary The sample basis used in developing these equashytions did not utilize top diameters in excess of 14 inches

Table 4

Tip model -- diameter inside bark (d) coefficients and summary 1

---~~~ ~~ ~l ~~---~~~~-~~~-~~_~~~__-Redwood 81 105 -27 752 80 601Douglas Fir 739 103 -24 425 78 143

Table 5

Tip model -- diameter outside bark (D)coefficients and summary 1

Species b b1 b S R2 Sample Size

~ 2 ~~~-------------------Redwood 67 108 -26 698 82 619 Douglas Fir 68 99 -19 394 79 161

E Bark Taper Estimators

Dendrometry measurements were converted to outside barkmeasurements at various heights on standing trees To conshyvert these measurements to diameters inside bark a barktaper model was developed

Douglas fir

There was not enough data available in the sample setto estimate coefficients in a bark taper model for Douglasfir Consequently the model developed by Johnson (1966)for Douglas fir in the Pacific Northwest was considered thenext best alternative This model is

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dD = 559 + 00006h + 203(DDBH) (6 ) I I I I

- 1542(DDBH)2 + 3413 (d D )I s s

This model was also used for other whitewoods

Redwood

Three observations each consisting of height from the ground (h) diameter inside bark (d) and outside bark (D) at rsectndomly selected points on 172 fedwood trees were us~d to develop a redwood bark taper model The following model fitted by nonlinear least squares was found to give the best statistical fit as well as providing a logical and consistent functional form

diDi = dbhDBH + 38(1-dbhDBH)x (7)

(1 -exp(-06(h I - 45raquo)

Total Observations = 521

R2 = 12

Syx = 035

Both coefficients and the overall model were statistically significant at the 01 level The low precision is partly due to measurements being rounded to the nearest tenth inch and the form of the independent variable (dD) Premultishyplying bot~ sides of the expression by D afld fefitting proshyduced an R value of 93 without any real increase in explashynatory power

V Volume Equations

The volume equations developed for each species group in this study are of two general types

Type 1 V = f(DBHH)

Type Q V = f(DBHHGF)

For T~ch equation type and species group twenty-fourequations were estimated by using combinations of the folshylowing items

1 The specIfIcatIons used here for the volume equashytions are those recommended by the Advisory Panel of the Redwood Yield Cooperative

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were used1 Volume types - two volume def~itions

Scribner board foot and cubic feet

2 Height - three definitions of height were used total

height (Ht) merchantable height (Hm) and log height(HI)

3 Merchantable top - volumes were computed to four insidebark top diameter limits -- 8 7 6 and 5 inches

A Scaling Procedures

Volumes for each tree were computed from stump heightto the merchantable top limit As the actual measurementson each tree were not all at even log multiples some meansof interpolation was necessary The best procedure wasfound to be fitting a system of several third order polynoshymials to the actual measurements on each tree (see Akima1970) The basic result of this process was to provide thenumerical equivalent of a free-hand curve drawn through thestem profile conditioned to pass through every measuredpoint This equation system was then utilized to buck thetrees into standard lengths and produce interpolated diameshyters

B Board foot scale

Board foot scale was based on a 10 foot stump heighta nominal log length of 16 feet and a trim allowance of 3

feet Board foot volumes of each log were computed by thefollowing equation (Bruce and Schumacher 1950)

BV = 79(DIA)2 - 2DIA - 4

where DIA is the diameter inside bark at the small end ofthe log

Based on general scaling practices in the region thefollowing procedure was used when the top log was not aneven multiple of 163 feet If the length was less than 8feet the piece was appended to the next lower log which wassubsequently scaled as a long log If it was between 8and 163 feet the piece was appended to the next lower logwhich was subsequentlysplit in half and scaled as twoshort logs

It should be noted that largelydue to the viscissishytudes of the Scribner log rule reducing the top merchantashybility diameter frequently resulted in an overall decreasein the board foot scale for specific trees While no formal

2 Volumes ln CUblC meters are obtained using the cubicfoot equations and metric conversion factors See secshytion VF on metric units

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analysis was performed the general impression gained curingdata analysis was that a top diameter of 6 to 7 inches wouldproduce the maximum overall board foot scale obtainable withthe scaling procedures employed in this study

An end result of this phenomena is that the volumeequations developed in this report are not guaranteed toestimate more board foot volume as the merchantable topdiameter decreases particularly since this is not what hapshypens in practice

C Cubic foot scale

The local taper equation developed for each tree wasused to estimate inside bark diameters at one foot intervalsfrom the stump to the merchantable top Smalians formulawas applied to each one foot segment to compute volumes

D Functional Relationships and Statistical Procedures

The functional form of the volume equations fitted were

b bType 1 V = bo(DBH) 1H 2

b b bType 2 V = b (DBH) 1H 2GF 3

0

For each volume equation case data were transformed bytaking natural logarithms and parameters were subsequentlyestimated by linear least squares regression The constantterm (b) was exponentiated to convert the equation to thenatural Humber scale A synopsis and statistical summaryfor each fitted equation is displayed in Appendix A

Experience has shown that fitting volume equations bythe logarithmic procedure provides consistent and logicalestimators as well as satisfying the usual assumptions ofregression (see Wensel 1973) The major objection is thata negative bias is introduced by this procedure and volumeestimates should be multiplied by a correction factor toprovide theoretically consistent estimates This factoris equal to

exp (5MSE)

where MSE is the mean squared residual of the respectivevolume equation in logarithmic units (Baskerville 1972)This factor (2 to 2 percent) is usually much smaller thanthe statistical error (6 to 22 percent) of the volume equashytions and for most purposes can be ignored These bias corrections are also shown in Appendix A

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E Reliability and Adjustments to Local Conditions

The volume tables essentially give average volumesfor trees of a given DBH and height These volumes are subshyject to two sources of statistical error when used for anindividual tree (1) an error associated with estimatingthe true population volume relationship from samplesThis source of error can be reduced by taking more samples(2) An error associatedwith random deviations about thetrue populationvolume relationship This source of errormay be reduced by adding additional explanatory variables(eg form class)

As with all regional volume tables there is a possishybility that stands of trees in specific localities maydepart from the general relationships shown in these tablesAlso where scaling practices differ from the ones used inthis study an additional source of bias may be introducedHence field checks should be made before local use

The followingproceduresare suggested to check theaccuracy of volume tables at the 95 probability level

1 Specify the accuracy level desired for the estimateof tree volume on the average for the stand beingsampled

2 Determine from Table 6 the number of sample treesrequired Sample sizes were computed with the aidof the well known sample size formula

n = t2(CV)2A2

where

n = number of sample trees

t = students t value corresponding to the numberof sample trees and the confidence level being used

CV = coefficient of variation expressed as a decimal

A = accuracy level expressed as a decimal

-------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------

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Table 6

Sample trees required for 95 confidence intervalsof various levels of accuracy for tree volumes

Accuracy () Cubic Feet Foard Feet

10 9 168 14 256 25 444 56 1002 225 400

Assumed Coefficient 15 20of Variation ()

3 Once the sample size is chosen trees should beselected for volume measurement that are representashytive of the trees for which volume estimates aredesired Each sample tree is measured for DBBtotal height and volume Volume can be obtainedwith a Relaskop dendrometer or by scaling felledtrees Volumes of sample trees should be determinedby the same procedures used in actual scaling operashytions

4 Compute the percent difference between the measuredvolumes and those estimated by the volume tables foreach sample tree Then compute the average percentdifference for all sample trees

5 If the absolute value of the average percent differshyence ii is less than the accuracy level use thetables without adjustment

6 If the Pi is greater than the accuracy level andthere are no trends in the percent deviations oversize classes multiply estimated volumes by the facshytor

F = (1+P100)

7 Percent deviations sometimes show trends with

estimated volume or DBH in which case regressionadjustments may be utilized For example if thepercentage volume deviation of the sawple varieswith DBH in a linear fashion the following correcshytion factor may be used

F = [1+(P+b(D-D))1CO]D 11

where

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F = correction factor for a tree of D inchesD 1

1 15 = average DBH of volume sample trees

b = regression constant computed from the volume sample

2P D - nPD = J J

2D2 - n1521

n = number of sample trees

P = Percent deviation of the jth tree in the J volume sample

D = DBH of the jth tree in the volume sampleJ

If more refined estimates or different confidence levels are desired coefficients of variation derived from Appendix A for each species-volume group can be utilized in conjunction with the famishyliar sample size formula

8 As an example suppose 8 percent accuracy levels were desired at the 95 percent probability level A redwood cubic volume check yielded the followingdata

Total Volumes from Volumes Percent Sample Tree DBH Height Tables Scaled Difference

No (inches) (feet) (cubic feet) (cubic feet) (percent)

1 12 60 14 148 +57 2 12 70 16 17 1 +68 3 12 90 21 228 +48 4 18 90 46 494 +74 5 20 130 82 883 +75 6 22 110 84 917 +92 7 28 100 123 1342 +9 1 8 28 130 160 1755 +97 9 30 120 169 1859 100

10 34 130 234 2604 113 11 36 130 262 2908 110 12 36 140 282 3144 115 13 44 160 477 5380 128 14 44 160 477 5409 134

Averages 2686 +93

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In this exampleP = 93 is greater than the 8 per~cent accuracy requirement and may be used to computethe correction factor

F = 1 + 93100 = 1093

There is also a trend in the percentage differencewhich increases with DBH In this case a regresshysion correction factor that varies with DBH will bemore precise The regression coefficient b for

the correction factor FD is computed as1

b = [(57)(12) + (68)(12) + (134)(44) - 14 (93)(2686)][122 + 122 + 442 - 14(2686)2]

= 0227

The correction is then

FD = 1 + (93 + 227 (D- 268))100]i 1

= 1093+00227(D-268)1

For a 44 inch tree the volume estimate from thetable would be adjusted upward by the factor

F44 = 1093+00227(44-268)

= 1132

Adjusted Volume = 1132 x 477 = 540 cubic feet

F Metric Units

Each of the equations presented in this report presumesthat English units are being used In the case where metricunits are used for one or more of the measurements thevolume equations are altered as follows

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Measurement Units VolumeDBH Height Desired Conversion(C)

inches feet (feet)-J none

inches feet (meters)shyc3

cm meters (feet)3 (c1-b1)(c2-b2)

cm meters (meters)3(c1-b1) (c2 -b2)c3

Hhere c1 = 254 inchescm

c2 = 03048 ftmeter

c3 = 00283168 m3ft3

b1 b2 = coefficients of the volume equation used

These conversion factors can be used in several HaysFirst if desired measurements of D and H can be converted

using the terms c1 and c2 respectively Alternatively theappropriate composite conversions C can be used to convertthe final volume Desired volume is obtained by multiplyingthe calculated volume from the volume equation times theappropriate conversion factor above

VI CONIFER TAPER MODELS

Taper models estimate diameter inside bark at variousheights on tree boles when only DBH and some measure of treeheight are observed Taper models are used for two princishyple purposes

1 Estimation of the dimensions of upper stem portionsfor defect adjustment in cruising

2 Estimation of the log size mix potentially availablefrom standing trees

A Model Criteria

Taper models are conventionally required to haveseveral properties

1 If total height is an access variable the modelshould predict a diameter inside bark of a at thetree tip Similarly if merchantable height is usedthe equation should predict the top merchantableinside bark diameter at the merchantable height

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2 Predictions of stump or hreast high diameters shouldequal actual measurements at these points Whilethese values are not conventionally recorded in thefield the taper model should be structured sopredicted inside bark diameters can be forcedthrough logical values of these points if necessary

3 Predictions derived from these equations should bealways positive always decrease with increases inbole height and be relatively unbiased at variouspoints on the tree bole

B ~odel Development

Experimentation with several possible functional formsled to the following model which is based on the modifiedinverse of a general sigmoidal equation This model was found form

to satisfy the previous criteria and has the general

d = c D - Df ln[1-Rc1

(1-exp(c f1 - d ~f )))J1 0 1 ~ 0 m~ 1

Where

di = dib in inches at a point lilon the tree bole

D = DBH

h = height in feet from ground to a point i on the tree1 bole

H = general measure of tree height in feet

R = (h-1)(H-1)1

d = merchantable top diameter inside bark correspondingm to the point where h1 = H

f1 = c2 + c3D + c4H

c1 = parameters estimated by regression methods

This model is conditioned so that the predicted diameshyter inside bark will equal a when h = H If H is totalheight d is 0 and the predicted diameter will be a at thetree tip~ Similarly if H is the height to a merchantabletop of say 50 inches d is 50 inches and the predictionwill be conditioned to mpredict 50 inches dib when hi =H

Six taper equations were developed with H being definedas height from the ground to an 85 and C inch (tree tip)

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top dib for redwood and Douglas fir The models werefitted by nonlinear least squares Two to three samplepoints on suitable trees used in the previously desoribedvolume analysis were randomly chosen for equation fittingCoefficient estimates and a statistical summary are shown inTable 7

C Podel Interpretation and Discussion

The coefficient c is interpreted as the ratio ofdib at a 10 foot ~tump to DBH The fitted coefficientswere almost numerically equal to simple ratio estimatorsbased on the same data set so constraining the model was not

considered necessary The term f1 for the taper modelswere chosen after considerable experimentation in attemptsto account for general differences in taper between trees indifferent diameter and height classes Table 8 gives avershyage bias (average difference between actual and predictedvalues) by relative height for all six taper equations Ingeneral these biases are small and quite acceptable for thegeneral level of precision usually required in estimatingupper bole diameters

Table 7

Taper Podel Coefficients and Statistical Summary

REmJOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Merchantable Tops

00 50 80 00 50 80

c 955 956 955 1008 1016 1 0240

387 346 326 415 320 276c1

-362 -247 -211 -275 -169 -142c2

-00581 -00666 -00542 -00770 -00539 -00364c3

00122 00116 000847 000640 000178 000108c4

R2 902 962 967 974 978 975

S 128 119 114 97 81 82yx

SampleCJlze 1238 1217 1164 671 631 574

--

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Table 8

Bias of conifer taper equations at various pointon the sample tree boles

REDWOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Equation top diameter Equation top diameter

00 50 80 00 50 80

Bias in Inches

Stump 13 01 -03 22 10 03

DBH -16 01 09 - 15 -03 05

-22 -20 -22 -20 -10 -10h17

30 17 03 25 07 10h33

30 -04 07 35 17 05h5

-06 -03 08 1 1 - 14 -00h67

-34 06 26 -54 -04 00hS5

top 00 00 00 00 00 00

h xx refers to a bole height equal to xx of total height

Positive table values indicate predictions are low

VII VOLUME EQUATION VERSUS TAPER BASED VOLUME ESTIMATES

The coefficients in Appendix A can be used to estimategross volume directly in standing trees The taper equashytions can also be used to obtain indirect estimates of grossvolume Essentially the taper equation is used to estimateinside bark diameters at the places on the tree bole whereit is to be bucked into lengths These lengths are thenscaled using predicted inside bark diameters and summed toestimate total volume Mathematical integration of thetaper function is impossible so this numerical technique isrequired

It should be emphasized that the taper equations weredeveloped to predict inside bark bole diameters not tree

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volume Hence their adequacy in volume estimation cannotbe judged by conventional statistics Regardless the folshylowing ad hoc comparisons were made

A Comparisons

Diameters total heights and scaled cubic volumes to afive inch top of the trees used in the taper analysis wereutilized for comparative purposes The coefficients fromthe appropriate total height-DEH cubic volume equation wereused to directly predict volumes to a five inch top forthese trees The total height taper equations (H isdefined as total height) have the greatest standard deviashytions and range in bias Consequently they were used forcomparative purposes as a measure of the worst that could bedone using taper equations to obtain volume estimatesThese taper equations were used to predict inside bark diamshyeters at one foot intervals on each tree from the stump to afive inch top Smalians formula was then used to computevolume of each segment which were then summed to give anindirect estimate of cubic volume The following statisticswere then computed for both redwood and Douglas fir

1 Aggregate percentage difference

2 Average percentage difference

3 Root mean square percent deviation (RMSPD) computedas

1

RMSPD = (Z((y - y)y)2n)21 1 1

where

y = volume estimated b~hvolume equation or taper 1 equation for the i sample tree

y1 = actual scaled volume of the ith sample tree

n = number of sample trees

These values are shown in Table 9 and are essentially a measure of how close predicted volumes are to actual scaled tree volumes used in the basic analysis As indicators of lack of bias average and aggregate percent differences should be close to zero The RMSPD value is essentially an approximation to the standard deviation expressed as a pershycent Comparisons of these values for the taper equation with those of the volume equation provides a measure of relative efficiency Judging from table 9 there appears to be no bias in volume prediction from the taper equations

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and RMSPD values are almost identical

Table 9

Comparative statistics for judging differences between volume equation and taper equation based volume estimates

Redwood Douglas fir

Average Aggregate RMSPD Average Aggregate RMSPD difference difference difference difference

---per cent---

Volume -8 8 153 1 -12 11 5 equation

Taper -2 19 15 1 2 11 112 equation

Positive percent differences indicate that the estimators are low compared to actual volumes

To provide a measure of relative compatability between volume equations and taper-based volume estimates ratios of estimates produced by both methods are shown for diameter and height classes of trees used in the taper analysis in tables 10 and 11 Except at the edges of the data set there is remarkable agreement between the estimators considshyering no attempt was made to condition the taper equations

B Evaluation

In the course of this taper analysis several items were noted which are possible areas for refinement

1 The taper equations are overall slightly low judging by the aggregate difference This is probshyably due to estimating dib rather than dib squared which is proportional to volume It is well known that the squared average of a sample is less than the average squared value unless all of the diameters are the same

2 The rather simple expression of the term f in the equation may not be totally adequate for describing taper differences between trees of different DBH and height

--

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3 The increases with height in the ratios of volume equations to taper based estimates is largely due tothe data set being used No significant trendsindicating a lack of fit were detected in a comparishyson of both volume equations and taper estimateswith actual scaled volumes For Douglas fir thedifference is more pronounced and apparently due toa small and somewhat lopsided distribution of thesample trees

We encourage the cooperators to review these taperequations prior to final publication

In summary volume equations produce simple and effishycient estimates of gro~s tree volume However taper equashytions can be used to produce similar estimates although theyare somewhat cumbersome Taper equations are necessary whenvolumes by logs in individual trees are desired

VIII VOLUME TABLES

While the volume equations presented rere are very useshyful for incorporation into inventory analysis programs many foresters will want some of these volume equations turned into table form The combinationsof speciesgroups (3) equation types (2) measurement units (3) and top diameters (4) would require 72 individual volume tables Wben one considers the possible range of form classes of interest the number of possible tables is even more formidable Since any individual would only be interested in a few of these tables no attempt is being made to publish all ofthese tables

However in Appendix C 50 inch merchantable top boardfoot cubic foot and cubic meter tables are given for eachof the two species Redwood and Douglas fir by DBH andtotal height A listing of the computer program used toproduce these tables is available from the authors

TABLE 10 Redwood -- Rat~os of volume equationto taper based estima s of cubic volume froma 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH andHeight classes of trees used in taper analysis

I D8H I

I I 1[I 20 30 -10 50 lr3

TOTAL HEI GHT

70 80 9~3

(FEET)

100 110 120 1313 140 150 160 1E1 1813 190 200

101 12 I I [ 16 I

109 102

97 105 107 101 101

1( 97

108 103

99

112 106 1 D3 103 1 1211 101

107 103 1 [11

102 1 ~j1 1 [10 1 DE1

11 I

1] I

2gt I 24 I i6 I

94

9)

1(

96

99 100

9 99

~H 99

97 93

97 99

100 100 100 99 1 [113 1[10 100 9~1 98

99 100 100 99 99

99 1 O~J 1 (10 1 CH] 99

99 100 100 100 11]0

S18

97

9B

99 9E1

96

97 97

94

2 I 30 I 32 I 34 I 31 I

9B 99

IDO 100

113D 100 1 Em 101 1 cn 1 [11 101 1~j2

1 (C

1 [11 1 [11 101 101 102 102 11212 103 103 103

100 101 102 102 103

100 100 1 I] 1 102 103

SI9 SIE

10D ~)9 1 [11 1 [1[1 101101 102 102

97

98

99 97

1 [I1

E I 40 I Q I 44 I ill I

1 05

106

1 04 1 04 1 03

106 1 07

105 106 106

1 O 1 pound11 1 03 103 104 104

1 r~16

1 00 101 101 1D4 1 D5

4 i[I 32 I 56

I ] ] I I

108 1 Ot

1[17

110 106

5= I 60 I

TABLE 11 Douglas fir Ratios of volume equation to taper based estimates of cubic volume from a 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH and Height classes of trees used in taper analysis

--

I DEH I

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60 7t3

TlJTRL HE IcHT

BO 90

(FEET)

100 110 120

-----------------------------------------------

130 140 150 160 170 181] 196 2130

1j I 12 I 11 I 11 I

86 95 99

n 99 95 92

99

94

1 04 102

97

106 103 1DO

105 1 D1

1 me 103 106

13 I 20 I 2 I 4 I ~C I

9D 93 92 ~30

17 1 00

96 9C

95 97

93 96

93 9)

1 01 1 00

99

9B

97

1 E14 1 05 102 103 101 102 100 1 [12

99 101

104 104 104 1135

1 04

1 1217

106 106

I 30 I 3 I 3[ I C I

-deg 94 97

99 1 00 1 00

99 100

1 04 102 1 I) 1 ll4 101 102

1 0~5 1 06 1 04 1 (16 11215 104 106

1 139 1m

3 I lD I 4 I 44 I 4C I

1 EJ3 104

104

106

4 I 5U I 52 I ~l I 1 I

1 07

5 T CO I

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Literature Cited

Akima Hiroshi 1970 A new method of interpolation and smooth curve

fitting based on local procedures ESSA Research Laboratories Boulder Colorado

Baskerville GL1972 Use of logarithmic regression in the estimation

of plant biomass Can J For Res 2(1)49shy53

Bruce Donald Schumacher Francis Y1950 Forest mensuration 3ded xvii 483p

Johnson Floyd A1966 Bark factors for Douglas fir USDA Forest

Servo Res Paper PNW - 34 Pacific NorthwestFor and Rng Exp Sta Portland Ore 3p

Palley Marshall N1959 Board foot volume tables for young growth coashy

stal Redwood California Forestry and ForestProducts No 11 California AgriculturalExpt Station Berkeley California 5p

Wensel Lee C1971 Tree volume equations from measurements taken

with a Barr and Stroud optical dendrometerHilgardia 41(4)55-64

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Appendix

CONIFER TREE VOLU~E EQUATIONS

This appendix contains tables of statistical summariesand coefficient estimates of conifer tree volume equationsEach table has six equation summaries three board foot andthree cubic foot each accessed by total height merchantableheight or height in 163 foot logs Stump height isassumed to be one foot and board foot volumes are based onScribner scale with a nominal scaling length of 16 feet witha 3 foot trim allowance Top diameters vary with eachtable Table A1 provides a quick reference guide to tablespecifications

(1) Types of Equations

Equations are of two types

a) D-H Diameter-height equationsb) D-H-GF Diameter-height-form class equations

The form of diameter height equations is indicated

in Fortran notation as

v = BO(DB1)(HB2)

which in regular mathematical notation isb b

V = b D 1H 20

Similarly the form class equations are in Fortrannotation

V = BO(DB1)(HB2)(GFBS)

which in standard notation is equivalent to

b b b V = b 0D 1H 2GF 3

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(2) Exponential Notation

The coefficient estimates are given to 4 signishyficant digits in exponential notation As examples

5639E-03 = 5639x10-3 = 0005639

25639E+02= 5639x10 = 5639

(3) Standard Deviations

a) Logarithmic (LN UNITS) - Standard deviations ofresiduals are reported in natural logarithmic (baseIe) units

b) Normal Units (PERCENT) - Standard deviations arealso reported as a percentage of predicted volumesThis value is also the coefficient of variation

(4) Adjustment for Logarithmic Bias (LN BIAS)

This value is a multiplicative adjustment usushyally negligable that can be used to correct thevolume equations for any inherent bias resulting from the logarithmic transformations in the equation fitting process

(5) Percent Average Deviation (AVE DEV PERCENT)

This value is the average percent deviation ofactual versus predicted values of the sample used infitting the respective equation

(6) Percent Aggregate Difference (AGG DIFF PERCENT)

This value is the percent difference of thetotal actual volume of sample trees versuspredicted Negative values indicate the equationsare low positive values indicate the equations arehigh

---------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------

- 26 -

Quick Reference

TABLE A1

Guide to Conifer Volume Equations

Table No Species Top

Volume

dLb

to

(inches) Equation Type

1 Redwood 8 2 Redwood 8 3 Redwood 7 4 Redwood 7 5 Redwood 6 6 Redwood 6 7 Redwood 5 8 Redwood 5 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas FirWhitewoods

8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 8

18 Whitewoods 8 19 Whitewoods 7 20 Whitewoods 7 21 Whitewoods 6 22 Whitewoods 6 23 Whitewoods 5 24 Whitewoods 5

D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF

T(jDLE 1 GFDS=vCiLUr-IE T(iEIU~ FOP REDLJDDD TPE ~D--H +++gt1lt++gtltfgtIltgtIlt+lt++ ltltlt1ltgt1lt+++gt1gt1laquo1+ltIlt+-JltgtIlt+lgtflt1ltf lt1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt (lII[LI= 17F EI47

10 FDCT STU~PTD 8D IHCHES TDR DIB

EOUATIDH Y = BOID~Dl) II-1B2) IJII[rE

D=DIAM[T[F DUTSIDE BRPK RT 45 FEI=1

H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE DELDW--

E[IIIRD FOOT yoLUMES--STATISTICRL SUllll(IF

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10 FOOT STUMP TIJ 70 IHCHES TOP D IB

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10 FOOT ~3TlHlr= TO 50] tICHE~3 TOP D I Ei

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-shyw

-1 -- I

1shy I 0 W 0 ishy gt-shy -1 Ii II II

I I I

--

----

~~~-~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~

-- - --

~ ~ J - ~ -LJ WI

-

--

shy-

~~~~--~ __~H~~

)

JJ - shy

- - co G In

_H~_H - - - ~ ___HHH C]

- i +

JJ W W= 0 -shy - co

co i= I 0 h-In

w [~

~ ~c ~ - H ~ ~ --

- -- T shy~ CC w e~i CT CT

- I- w= ~ LL

3it (j -I ] 0ti=G

~ 0 = ~

lJJ gt-ltLL -1 = ~ CW

LL ~ CL CTD = ~

--7 - i ~t~ --QC co H - ~~ I H

ij ([ w - T - == -1 W+W sect = shy

---gt ~ - - T - CI LW 7

- -- u 5GG5GC shy-L 7c en -- Q 0--7~ - U~ = C7 w co

w ~ CJ ~D - CL ~- I

- 7 [- shy-1gt - ~ttJ CO~-shy5~ = LL

D II

-- U~ C] o~ L - - --

~ -- ~ -shy~

--- - UJ I --

I~ + - = ~ pgt ~~~_~H~~--~

~

shy D -shy

~ eel gt-lt-- --iL -w I C i

~7 = QC crJW -

w+ - = -- 0~

-1~ W - cCJ7c D-- CO~~~__~H___~ -

- u cshy-i-- ~ cshy-~ Ur co 0 I U ur D _Ho

gGl~ 0 C

en ~

~~~H~__~~

- II QD--Q-- [r cr I - ur ~

I = ~ cshy_H -W-1U~ -

~__HHshy

r-- ishy

~ Uj

lJJ i M

- I w

- Uf= LL IUjD DIi- - -1 n II r r r

-~-~-~-~~

i-

-

--

iJJ -

-~~~-~~~

i - - i- - 3

c WW = =

-

- -~_---~~~--~ ---~~

h -- -

u~ -

=

w

--

u -rshyJJ shy

-~-~~ ~ ~ ~ ~

-

co

i-

Ii) C i

WLL1i

_C

--shy

I D

i

J

- - --J -

in

I-- ~shy~shy

-L-7c

7c L~ ~

c~ = -c ~

lt-lt ~

~~2 U~i C I

LuU

C7 - - i-+~

~ ~

- shy

pishy-- c -

c t-C~ Cc shy -shy

u+lt-shy7c

+shy-

- co

3

LJ

6

shy

=- W co

L

Lc U LJ - LLDtshy

~ -shyfJ

ishy rshy -

ishylt--~W

co -

- -ishy -

~ ishy

uj --Lee J

W D ~i

- tshyi~iiJJ Q f- W = - LL LL D

- - ~

-

- w ---

Q

i LL W J LL U (I-CL- ishy

-U)-- -shy ~~~U~I

fshy ishy Uj---shyIi

ishy ~ ~

-

5

u D 0

C]

fshy-1

-

CL

i

j -1

fshy

~

-

shy

~shy

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--

J c U - -c co

iT

j

in I

7

C)

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--

Tshy -~ rshy

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LL

- LL

D co - ~

C LL

CC c-

- - - ~

ishy - CLshyshy f- LlJ - I - L - CL r- LLJ --U~= -

D

--

f

-

~~~-~~~

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e I-- S-C-j--

f~ -

Igt == f-wJ Ui - -

--~~~~

fshy-shy

shy- r-

UJ I

- t= D tshy

I

i

L

L

f II

~

-- -

-

--

~j

~ -- - ~ -- --

-- J -i-shy-

cu = I i -ishy

- -- - - -----gtshy

w ~L -- -- W CI - c D

C=f ~ - ~ ~~ I gt~ -

j- u ~i~ -shy~---shy~ ~

~

- =1 t T rltU ~ ~ lJJ -W --

in in U~ D w ~~ CD CO w C] ~- - J -- ~~ ~

~---~

~shy~--~--~ r~ I C] D [~i Ci iJ ~ D

~ T I + LL J lJJ lJJ LU

- J 0 -- w co Tshy

~ W D Cj CD L cr C]

~il1lJJ

LL lJJ ~--~~

U~ cn - L f- f- Ishy~ ~ lJJ U~ J Cr- - -- T [~ lJJ ~ ~ LL LLi ~ ~ ~ LL LU

D

= 1 ~ LLe ~LL J J ~LL U il 1 I~il CL II -- il~ 1 shy- 7-- in II 1 Q W I C] QilJ

- I l 1 J I i J CL 1e I - I I = ~ I

= I I J I I = I~a~ f-il U~--~~~~~---~~ U~~~~~ I lJJ

n -+ e CD GG J -w

II I- - fshy ~ ~w~t

~- u ~ -wgtw

cr)

L JgtW

LU - -gtWU j - gtLUU crr--~ il U~ II lt= CL i U~ II lt= il

we W I p] (i ~ LU 0) w l- CLI~ r- CL tt s ~ t- II I II

Sf 1

-(I [2tij I-U~~~~

I ~~~~~

I-CI~~~~

= LL I D I

c- - cn u U~ co r- I In ~ ~ ~ il~ z c ~ I G z G D I =~ - shyef= w - CD - A -- ~ ~ ~ Di

3~ - ~~ ~ ~ I i ~ J -D C J I I

C I ~ gt gt I i -- ~~~~~ ~ ~ ~- ~---~-~-shyf- T - ~ f- Ishy

~ - -iI

-- DD

OJh- ~ f-u LL C) shy-- CT

7- L =w lt= I ~ il I il

-~ - I W D

w~~~~-~~~~~~ r--

T ~

QDfshy -- crf-W = lt=I U CO Z~il IIgt W r- r i-WCL U~ lt= ~

~~-~~-~

J 1 z U~Ilt=Dishylil~~ 1 ~I G i- z (1 pjI lt=II gtI z ~I IIgtZII-LU I cn lt= -

I

Ishyr fJ -- ishy

lJJ LJ r

-shyI I- D iJ D I- L- II II II

r r r

~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~

~

~

-

LlJ I

--

~ ~ shy H

~

-~ ~

-- H c--shy

c-

shy -~ ~ ~~ -~~~~ HH~iHH_~~

+

i --

C i cr

- i

~~~~shy -~ ~ H

- 0~

-= C- LL w Lj

c -

0 0

CTi

lt-f ILshy

~ shy

LL W

-

G -10

-shy

- - - iT

w~ j iLL LL n cr

= -S2

LL = shyi

LL ~

- I - 2

u~ +

~2shy

-LL LL

~

L

DCP LL CC rshy

~

C--2W I H

HH~_~_~shy

(C LJ i~i

un U~ c ~- H

LL+W G

- U~ Cj - -shy ~ - C ~ r~i

L ~~ = shy - ~ ~ -~ u l--

LlJ - - W

w r 9i

---CL

- --li

-1+ 22J~~ ~~~~~

- - shygt + C shy -

~ - -- - -

- -

i- ~ -shy -shy

CL ~ J gt

--3 7-

J ~shy ~~~~~ - -shy --

-shy

c D -

+LL ~+

~ ~ -

f-LL I 2

~j c

i

D-

C C JW = ~c

~ ~ LL c ---~ - r- cc - -

~~~_H~~H

- - ~

r--LLL u -shy -

~~~~~~~

QS~-

Ci shy

-- U - +

J ---

LL-1 ~ A -

fshy -shy

- -LlJ -

shy~

J

I u jshy -i- ishy

u II

D

- ~ ~ - shy~~~--

-~lJJ w

- - C

-- - cj

~~ ~ ~ ~ shy

~ +LL uJ -shy

-- OJ shy

~ ~

~~~-~ ~--~--C2

ilJ LiJ lJJ-G rshyiei-

lJJ OJ CO -

OJ u~ cr

- - i-- -shyiJ7ishy ~ ~ ~ ~

-

-C- if-i fshy

~ lJJcn ~ co

L7 CJiJLiJ - l iJ lJJlJJ tJ

LLJ~ ~- CJ -- -J - 15 iJU

IS - Q~T ~ c - C =wshy -C- --- w - - -- U~

~ gt- = - IT - shy- - shy~ -

i- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ iI ~ iJf- C] i

ii ~ ii u JI iJ7i-LiJ ~ ~ - r- i II - ~ - - gt- i f~ -

-

G -~ i-

f- ~ lJJuJ f- ~~(J -

c

wi- f-~ c C) IS Q iI Q Q

lJJD LiJ i

OJ - gt- fshyT~ ~ ~f- I

_~i lJJ= In ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ r- -- cn~~~~~ U~~~~

- iJ

-~ V c- - cr - I

--C~ ~ ----

C] = I

w gt- G e J-IS f- gt- OJ G~ cc - - ~

- -

-i

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-7-0 f- -- j -i -- uJ Ci]

ilS ec ~ c

~f-

7- --i - -

LJJ - -- Q ~

lJJ IS

Gcc ~~-~shyf-

f- -[L ~

[shy~ -

3c~-

-- gt- j

-~ -

Q ISshyiJ~ ~

i-- r- -- Cf

Q = =-IS-gtshy

~ shy

f- fshy

--shyu

w lJJ

-J -- --

r- ~- shy

F -d J

IiI

----~_r-~shy~ - - i = I i C i

-- [

-

D ~i~- shy

- ~- r- r-shy ~ shy - ~ ~ shy - -~ ~ - ~

--- ~

-

=shy- - W

shy ishy

r

~-~-shy ----~ ~ --

shy

Cj

SJ +

W shycr CT i- -- -

~

0 D -Lu

~--~~-shy-

J

- ~shy

[shy

W C -- r-

-In cr u cI

Lu W D [ Cj C co U

----

-~----

LL

L1 u -

= ~ QJ

LU U~ U ) LL = cshy

-

)LLW) LL ~

~ - -Q

shycr r~

J C shy-

Q

~ ~ - ~ LL CC r-

LL u

wi LL -

shyf-2W un --shy

-

---i

j C[ WI -~-LL LL

- - --~

W+ =shy W

-

T-

- U~

Q-W J ~ shy~ cshy

~G~- LL LL

-cshy 5~= I

fshy-shy

-CL

c co shy

] U~

U~_---------shy 2

Ck =CT

c -

- ~ rshy rshy

~Gamp

f = -

0-

~

c c

- -----------~ W ) LL

- -- +

shy-shy

cshy

shy

= W - ~ W-

LL

~ -shy _LL ~ -

- Cj

shy ~

J---~ ~-shy--

c T

crCC

shy - -Qshy

shy - shy - - v

CCD

= =~=LL LL

shy

~--~--~-~-shy== C~

- = cshy~shy

Cj

D [-

LL gt1- c shy ~

shy L - U shy shy -~ --

I-shy cshy-CJ -

Lu I

)U I

Lu-- -U iL 1

f-LlJ

- iitI

I-- I

TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

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c Inshy

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[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

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e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

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C] -

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C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

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LLi

shy

uJ

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D -

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rr

Cj

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=7

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I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

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j j

CO

LLi J co

c

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CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

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4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

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= co

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ill

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W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

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--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

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ill

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---- shy --shy -- -shy

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co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

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- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

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GFI~I~= E[rIPD FCiOT OLUIIETIIFI [ [ilIHE [=[111 1 FllOr =TIIIIF TO ~) IIICH TiiF I I II~I file 1(111lt)

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T(ELE Cl DOIJC[(I F IF

[iPCI~CLIFIC I-[lOT lOLUIn rnHIE~LUME rROM 1 FOOT STIJMP TO 5 INCH TOP ( 11131Dr uriiIlt)

DElli ITITn I IlL I GHT (fTr FI (I tICIIE) 2[1 --I] 1[1 50 bO 70 80 9n lGG l1l1 120

----shy

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114 4 11 15 19 ~4 29 34 39 ~t_ 51 -~16 5 3 1 lC n 2~ 35 42 49 ~i6 to

c 0010 6 10 16 LL 55 43 50 ~j9 b 6

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- 3 -

I Introduction

This report contains the results of a comprehensiveanalysis of mensurational relationships among major conishyferous species in the North Coast Region of CaliforniaThese species are redwoods Douglas fir and other whiteshywoods (lowland white fir sitka spruce and western hemshylock) This latter group hereafter referred to as whiteshywoods was treated as a composite due to data limitationsand the relatively minor importance these species have incommercial forest management in the region

This analysis was performed on a large data set thoughtto be representative of the kinds of conifers typical to thecrop components of young growth stands being managed in theregion In other words old growth and severely suppressedtree~ and trees with broken or deformed tops or other abnorshymalities were purposely excluded from consideration Thevolume component of this study is based on gross scale withno allowance for defect or breakage other than merchantabletop specifications

As a preliminary caution it should be emphasized thatthe relationships presented in this report are intended tobe representative of broad regional conditions Local testsof reliability should be made before general usage

Although most of this paper presumes that English unitsare being used metric conversion factors are also given sothat these results can be easily converted when the needarises

II Variable Definitions

The following is a list of variables and definitionsthat are used consistently throughout this report They arepresented here for quick reference and to alleviate the needof continuous repetition of variable definition

DBH Diameter outside bark 45 feet above the ground onthe uphill side of the tree in inches

dbh Diameter inside bark 45 feet above the ground onthe uphill side of the tree in inches

D1 Diameter outside bark in inches at a point ~in on

the tree bole

d1 Diameter inside bark in inches at a point in onthe tree bole

h1 Distance in feet from the ground to a point in on

the tree bole

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b r bark ratio at breast height (45 feet)

dbh = b (DBH) r

GF Girrards form class (GF = dDBH X 100 where d is1 1

evaluated at 173 feet )

DIA 1 General diameter term -- definition depends on the

context

H General measure of tree height in feet

Ht Total tree height in feet

Hm Height to the merchantable top in feet

HI Height to the merchantable top in units of 163 feet (log height)

S Stump height in feet

d s diameter inside bark at the stump

D s diameter outside bark at the stump

exp(X) 27128 raised to the power of X

In(X) Natural logarithm of X

S Standard deviation of the residuals about the yx regression of Y on X

III DATA SOURCES

The data used to develop the relationships presented in this report have been assimilated from four main sources

A Qf Dendrometry

The Universitys Barr and Stroud optical dendrometer model FP 15 was used to take measurements of bole height and outside bark stem diameters at selected points along tree stems

Sampling was performed during the summer of 1975 on lands belonging to members of the Redwood Yield Research Cooperative Tree selection was semi-random A loose criterion was adopted to select trees between 3-50 inches DBH over the range of conditionsencounteredon the propershyties sampled with the following restrictions

a Trees on the edges of road cuts were not measured unless the roads were recentlyconstructed

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b Trees were not selected in stands composed of resishydual old growth or in stands where there was evishydence that the trees present developed as an undersshytory of old-growth stands

c Trees were not selected if they were severelysuppressed had broken tops or possessed otherabnormalities that would make them unlikely candishydates as crop trees in managed young growth stands

B Palley Data

The majority of trees used by Palley (1959 1961) for the previous redwood volume tables were retained after screening for this study These trees were fall buck and scale (FBS) data Measurements included DBH total height

stump height and diameter and inside and ou~side bark diamshyeters on each 16-foot log

C USDA - -shy1900 Data

The United States Department of Agriculture carried outa comprehensive stem analysis project on young growth redshywood sprouts around 1900 Sampling was performed in secondgrowth stands in Del Norte Humboldt and northern Mendocinocounties The records of over 1000 trees are on file at theUniversity Approximately 200 dominant intermediate andcodominant tree records were utilized in the present study

D Cooperator Data

Simpson Timber Company and Georgia Pacific Corporationof the Redwood Research Cooperative donated the FBS recordsof several hundred trees for use in this study

Appendix B contains a breakdown of the numbers of treesby diameter and height classes for each species group Alsoincluded are tables showing average form class by diameterand total height

IV SECONDARY RELATIONSHIPS

The basic set of measurements on each tree needed forvolume and taper analysis consists of a sequential series ofinside bark diameters and log lengths from a specified stump height to the tree tip As the available data had been colshylected by a variety of field procedures it was necessary to develop several estimators to make minor adjustments on the measurements of some trees so the entire data set would bein a compatible form

-------------------------------------------------------

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A Stump Diameter Estimators

In situations where the actual stump height was notcoincident with nominal stump height used in this study thefollowing nonlinear model was used to estimate the stumpdiameter inside bark (d )s

d = (1 - bOX)(DIA)exp(b 1(h - Sraquo (1)s 1 1

where DIA is the measured diameter inside or outside barkat a height h X is an indicator variable equal to 0if DIA is insiae bark and 1 if it is outside bark Coefshyficient estimates and a statistical summary are shown inTable 1

An approximately equal number of inside and outsidebark measurements were used as observations h ranged from5 to 45 feet Extrapolation outside these limits is notrecommended It should be noted that this model assumesbark ratios remain constant over short bole segments Assufficient data were unavailable for other whitewoods Dougshylas fir coefficients were used for this species group also

Table 1

Coefficient estimates by species for the stump diameter model

Species b b1 R2 S Sample Size~ ~~~------------

Douglas Fir 097 038 95 176 403Redwood 153 035 97 148 591

B Bark Ratio at Breast Height Estimators

Bark ratios (b ) were estimated with the followingmodel r

dbh = (br)(DBH) (2)

Estimates and a statisticalsummary are shown in Table 2

-----------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------

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Table 2

Bark ratio estimates and statistical summary

Species br R2 Sample Size

Redwood 85 98 688Douglas Fir 91 99 362Whitewoods 95 99 160

C Stump Height Estimators

In situations where stump height is unknown but stumpdiameter inside bark (d ) and another diameter (DIAi) at aknown height (h) has bee~ measured solving equation (3)for S provide~ a logical form for a nonlinear stump heightestimator

S = C 1[ln(d ) - In(1-cOX) - In(DIA)] + h (3 )s I I

All variable definitions in this model are the same as in

equation 1 The coefficients (cOc1) could be numericallyderived from band b in equation 1 If there was no stashytistical erroP How~ver the coefficients because of thiserror were reestimated by nonlinear least squares and areshown in Table 3

Table 3

Coefficient estimates and statistical summaryfor the stump height model

Species c C1 R2 S (feet) Sample Size~ y~~---------------------

Redwood 308 -1688 93 11 571Douglas Fir 206 -2020 91 13 403

D Tip Estimators

In situationswhere the length of the tree stem fromthe last buck to the tree tip is not measuredit can beestimatedwith the models

TIP = bO(d)b1

(DBH)b2

(4)I I

or

b1 b2 TIPi = bO(Di) (DBH) (5 )

-------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------

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bole from the knownwhere TIPi is the length of the treediameter d or D to the tree top1 1

Tables 4 and 5 give coefficient estimates and a statisticalsummary The sample basis used in developing these equashytions did not utilize top diameters in excess of 14 inches

Table 4

Tip model -- diameter inside bark (d) coefficients and summary 1

---~~~ ~~ ~l ~~---~~~~-~~~-~~_~~~__-Redwood 81 105 -27 752 80 601Douglas Fir 739 103 -24 425 78 143

Table 5

Tip model -- diameter outside bark (D)coefficients and summary 1

Species b b1 b S R2 Sample Size

~ 2 ~~~-------------------Redwood 67 108 -26 698 82 619 Douglas Fir 68 99 -19 394 79 161

E Bark Taper Estimators

Dendrometry measurements were converted to outside barkmeasurements at various heights on standing trees To conshyvert these measurements to diameters inside bark a barktaper model was developed

Douglas fir

There was not enough data available in the sample setto estimate coefficients in a bark taper model for Douglasfir Consequently the model developed by Johnson (1966)for Douglas fir in the Pacific Northwest was considered thenext best alternative This model is

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dD = 559 + 00006h + 203(DDBH) (6 ) I I I I

- 1542(DDBH)2 + 3413 (d D )I s s

This model was also used for other whitewoods

Redwood

Three observations each consisting of height from the ground (h) diameter inside bark (d) and outside bark (D) at rsectndomly selected points on 172 fedwood trees were us~d to develop a redwood bark taper model The following model fitted by nonlinear least squares was found to give the best statistical fit as well as providing a logical and consistent functional form

diDi = dbhDBH + 38(1-dbhDBH)x (7)

(1 -exp(-06(h I - 45raquo)

Total Observations = 521

R2 = 12

Syx = 035

Both coefficients and the overall model were statistically significant at the 01 level The low precision is partly due to measurements being rounded to the nearest tenth inch and the form of the independent variable (dD) Premultishyplying bot~ sides of the expression by D afld fefitting proshyduced an R value of 93 without any real increase in explashynatory power

V Volume Equations

The volume equations developed for each species group in this study are of two general types

Type 1 V = f(DBHH)

Type Q V = f(DBHHGF)

For T~ch equation type and species group twenty-fourequations were estimated by using combinations of the folshylowing items

1 The specIfIcatIons used here for the volume equashytions are those recommended by the Advisory Panel of the Redwood Yield Cooperative

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were used1 Volume types - two volume def~itions

Scribner board foot and cubic feet

2 Height - three definitions of height were used total

height (Ht) merchantable height (Hm) and log height(HI)

3 Merchantable top - volumes were computed to four insidebark top diameter limits -- 8 7 6 and 5 inches

A Scaling Procedures

Volumes for each tree were computed from stump heightto the merchantable top limit As the actual measurementson each tree were not all at even log multiples some meansof interpolation was necessary The best procedure wasfound to be fitting a system of several third order polynoshymials to the actual measurements on each tree (see Akima1970) The basic result of this process was to provide thenumerical equivalent of a free-hand curve drawn through thestem profile conditioned to pass through every measuredpoint This equation system was then utilized to buck thetrees into standard lengths and produce interpolated diameshyters

B Board foot scale

Board foot scale was based on a 10 foot stump heighta nominal log length of 16 feet and a trim allowance of 3

feet Board foot volumes of each log were computed by thefollowing equation (Bruce and Schumacher 1950)

BV = 79(DIA)2 - 2DIA - 4

where DIA is the diameter inside bark at the small end ofthe log

Based on general scaling practices in the region thefollowing procedure was used when the top log was not aneven multiple of 163 feet If the length was less than 8feet the piece was appended to the next lower log which wassubsequently scaled as a long log If it was between 8and 163 feet the piece was appended to the next lower logwhich was subsequentlysplit in half and scaled as twoshort logs

It should be noted that largelydue to the viscissishytudes of the Scribner log rule reducing the top merchantashybility diameter frequently resulted in an overall decreasein the board foot scale for specific trees While no formal

2 Volumes ln CUblC meters are obtained using the cubicfoot equations and metric conversion factors See secshytion VF on metric units

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analysis was performed the general impression gained curingdata analysis was that a top diameter of 6 to 7 inches wouldproduce the maximum overall board foot scale obtainable withthe scaling procedures employed in this study

An end result of this phenomena is that the volumeequations developed in this report are not guaranteed toestimate more board foot volume as the merchantable topdiameter decreases particularly since this is not what hapshypens in practice

C Cubic foot scale

The local taper equation developed for each tree wasused to estimate inside bark diameters at one foot intervalsfrom the stump to the merchantable top Smalians formulawas applied to each one foot segment to compute volumes

D Functional Relationships and Statistical Procedures

The functional form of the volume equations fitted were

b bType 1 V = bo(DBH) 1H 2

b b bType 2 V = b (DBH) 1H 2GF 3

0

For each volume equation case data were transformed bytaking natural logarithms and parameters were subsequentlyestimated by linear least squares regression The constantterm (b) was exponentiated to convert the equation to thenatural Humber scale A synopsis and statistical summaryfor each fitted equation is displayed in Appendix A

Experience has shown that fitting volume equations bythe logarithmic procedure provides consistent and logicalestimators as well as satisfying the usual assumptions ofregression (see Wensel 1973) The major objection is thata negative bias is introduced by this procedure and volumeestimates should be multiplied by a correction factor toprovide theoretically consistent estimates This factoris equal to

exp (5MSE)

where MSE is the mean squared residual of the respectivevolume equation in logarithmic units (Baskerville 1972)This factor (2 to 2 percent) is usually much smaller thanthe statistical error (6 to 22 percent) of the volume equashytions and for most purposes can be ignored These bias corrections are also shown in Appendix A

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E Reliability and Adjustments to Local Conditions

The volume tables essentially give average volumesfor trees of a given DBH and height These volumes are subshyject to two sources of statistical error when used for anindividual tree (1) an error associated with estimatingthe true population volume relationship from samplesThis source of error can be reduced by taking more samples(2) An error associatedwith random deviations about thetrue populationvolume relationship This source of errormay be reduced by adding additional explanatory variables(eg form class)

As with all regional volume tables there is a possishybility that stands of trees in specific localities maydepart from the general relationships shown in these tablesAlso where scaling practices differ from the ones used inthis study an additional source of bias may be introducedHence field checks should be made before local use

The followingproceduresare suggested to check theaccuracy of volume tables at the 95 probability level

1 Specify the accuracy level desired for the estimateof tree volume on the average for the stand beingsampled

2 Determine from Table 6 the number of sample treesrequired Sample sizes were computed with the aidof the well known sample size formula

n = t2(CV)2A2

where

n = number of sample trees

t = students t value corresponding to the numberof sample trees and the confidence level being used

CV = coefficient of variation expressed as a decimal

A = accuracy level expressed as a decimal

-------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------

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Table 6

Sample trees required for 95 confidence intervalsof various levels of accuracy for tree volumes

Accuracy () Cubic Feet Foard Feet

10 9 168 14 256 25 444 56 1002 225 400

Assumed Coefficient 15 20of Variation ()

3 Once the sample size is chosen trees should beselected for volume measurement that are representashytive of the trees for which volume estimates aredesired Each sample tree is measured for DBBtotal height and volume Volume can be obtainedwith a Relaskop dendrometer or by scaling felledtrees Volumes of sample trees should be determinedby the same procedures used in actual scaling operashytions

4 Compute the percent difference between the measuredvolumes and those estimated by the volume tables foreach sample tree Then compute the average percentdifference for all sample trees

5 If the absolute value of the average percent differshyence ii is less than the accuracy level use thetables without adjustment

6 If the Pi is greater than the accuracy level andthere are no trends in the percent deviations oversize classes multiply estimated volumes by the facshytor

F = (1+P100)

7 Percent deviations sometimes show trends with

estimated volume or DBH in which case regressionadjustments may be utilized For example if thepercentage volume deviation of the sawple varieswith DBH in a linear fashion the following correcshytion factor may be used

F = [1+(P+b(D-D))1CO]D 11

where

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F = correction factor for a tree of D inchesD 1

1 15 = average DBH of volume sample trees

b = regression constant computed from the volume sample

2P D - nPD = J J

2D2 - n1521

n = number of sample trees

P = Percent deviation of the jth tree in the J volume sample

D = DBH of the jth tree in the volume sampleJ

If more refined estimates or different confidence levels are desired coefficients of variation derived from Appendix A for each species-volume group can be utilized in conjunction with the famishyliar sample size formula

8 As an example suppose 8 percent accuracy levels were desired at the 95 percent probability level A redwood cubic volume check yielded the followingdata

Total Volumes from Volumes Percent Sample Tree DBH Height Tables Scaled Difference

No (inches) (feet) (cubic feet) (cubic feet) (percent)

1 12 60 14 148 +57 2 12 70 16 17 1 +68 3 12 90 21 228 +48 4 18 90 46 494 +74 5 20 130 82 883 +75 6 22 110 84 917 +92 7 28 100 123 1342 +9 1 8 28 130 160 1755 +97 9 30 120 169 1859 100

10 34 130 234 2604 113 11 36 130 262 2908 110 12 36 140 282 3144 115 13 44 160 477 5380 128 14 44 160 477 5409 134

Averages 2686 +93

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In this exampleP = 93 is greater than the 8 per~cent accuracy requirement and may be used to computethe correction factor

F = 1 + 93100 = 1093

There is also a trend in the percentage differencewhich increases with DBH In this case a regresshysion correction factor that varies with DBH will bemore precise The regression coefficient b for

the correction factor FD is computed as1

b = [(57)(12) + (68)(12) + (134)(44) - 14 (93)(2686)][122 + 122 + 442 - 14(2686)2]

= 0227

The correction is then

FD = 1 + (93 + 227 (D- 268))100]i 1

= 1093+00227(D-268)1

For a 44 inch tree the volume estimate from thetable would be adjusted upward by the factor

F44 = 1093+00227(44-268)

= 1132

Adjusted Volume = 1132 x 477 = 540 cubic feet

F Metric Units

Each of the equations presented in this report presumesthat English units are being used In the case where metricunits are used for one or more of the measurements thevolume equations are altered as follows

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Measurement Units VolumeDBH Height Desired Conversion(C)

inches feet (feet)-J none

inches feet (meters)shyc3

cm meters (feet)3 (c1-b1)(c2-b2)

cm meters (meters)3(c1-b1) (c2 -b2)c3

Hhere c1 = 254 inchescm

c2 = 03048 ftmeter

c3 = 00283168 m3ft3

b1 b2 = coefficients of the volume equation used

These conversion factors can be used in several HaysFirst if desired measurements of D and H can be converted

using the terms c1 and c2 respectively Alternatively theappropriate composite conversions C can be used to convertthe final volume Desired volume is obtained by multiplyingthe calculated volume from the volume equation times theappropriate conversion factor above

VI CONIFER TAPER MODELS

Taper models estimate diameter inside bark at variousheights on tree boles when only DBH and some measure of treeheight are observed Taper models are used for two princishyple purposes

1 Estimation of the dimensions of upper stem portionsfor defect adjustment in cruising

2 Estimation of the log size mix potentially availablefrom standing trees

A Model Criteria

Taper models are conventionally required to haveseveral properties

1 If total height is an access variable the modelshould predict a diameter inside bark of a at thetree tip Similarly if merchantable height is usedthe equation should predict the top merchantableinside bark diameter at the merchantable height

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2 Predictions of stump or hreast high diameters shouldequal actual measurements at these points Whilethese values are not conventionally recorded in thefield the taper model should be structured sopredicted inside bark diameters can be forcedthrough logical values of these points if necessary

3 Predictions derived from these equations should bealways positive always decrease with increases inbole height and be relatively unbiased at variouspoints on the tree bole

B ~odel Development

Experimentation with several possible functional formsled to the following model which is based on the modifiedinverse of a general sigmoidal equation This model was found form

to satisfy the previous criteria and has the general

d = c D - Df ln[1-Rc1

(1-exp(c f1 - d ~f )))J1 0 1 ~ 0 m~ 1

Where

di = dib in inches at a point lilon the tree bole

D = DBH

h = height in feet from ground to a point i on the tree1 bole

H = general measure of tree height in feet

R = (h-1)(H-1)1

d = merchantable top diameter inside bark correspondingm to the point where h1 = H

f1 = c2 + c3D + c4H

c1 = parameters estimated by regression methods

This model is conditioned so that the predicted diameshyter inside bark will equal a when h = H If H is totalheight d is 0 and the predicted diameter will be a at thetree tip~ Similarly if H is the height to a merchantabletop of say 50 inches d is 50 inches and the predictionwill be conditioned to mpredict 50 inches dib when hi =H

Six taper equations were developed with H being definedas height from the ground to an 85 and C inch (tree tip)

- 18 shy

top dib for redwood and Douglas fir The models werefitted by nonlinear least squares Two to three samplepoints on suitable trees used in the previously desoribedvolume analysis were randomly chosen for equation fittingCoefficient estimates and a statistical summary are shown inTable 7

C Podel Interpretation and Discussion

The coefficient c is interpreted as the ratio ofdib at a 10 foot ~tump to DBH The fitted coefficientswere almost numerically equal to simple ratio estimatorsbased on the same data set so constraining the model was not

considered necessary The term f1 for the taper modelswere chosen after considerable experimentation in attemptsto account for general differences in taper between trees indifferent diameter and height classes Table 8 gives avershyage bias (average difference between actual and predictedvalues) by relative height for all six taper equations Ingeneral these biases are small and quite acceptable for thegeneral level of precision usually required in estimatingupper bole diameters

Table 7

Taper Podel Coefficients and Statistical Summary

REmJOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Merchantable Tops

00 50 80 00 50 80

c 955 956 955 1008 1016 1 0240

387 346 326 415 320 276c1

-362 -247 -211 -275 -169 -142c2

-00581 -00666 -00542 -00770 -00539 -00364c3

00122 00116 000847 000640 000178 000108c4

R2 902 962 967 974 978 975

S 128 119 114 97 81 82yx

SampleCJlze 1238 1217 1164 671 631 574

--

- 19 -

Table 8

Bias of conifer taper equations at various pointon the sample tree boles

REDWOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Equation top diameter Equation top diameter

00 50 80 00 50 80

Bias in Inches

Stump 13 01 -03 22 10 03

DBH -16 01 09 - 15 -03 05

-22 -20 -22 -20 -10 -10h17

30 17 03 25 07 10h33

30 -04 07 35 17 05h5

-06 -03 08 1 1 - 14 -00h67

-34 06 26 -54 -04 00hS5

top 00 00 00 00 00 00

h xx refers to a bole height equal to xx of total height

Positive table values indicate predictions are low

VII VOLUME EQUATION VERSUS TAPER BASED VOLUME ESTIMATES

The coefficients in Appendix A can be used to estimategross volume directly in standing trees The taper equashytions can also be used to obtain indirect estimates of grossvolume Essentially the taper equation is used to estimateinside bark diameters at the places on the tree bole whereit is to be bucked into lengths These lengths are thenscaled using predicted inside bark diameters and summed toestimate total volume Mathematical integration of thetaper function is impossible so this numerical technique isrequired

It should be emphasized that the taper equations weredeveloped to predict inside bark bole diameters not tree

- 20 shy

volume Hence their adequacy in volume estimation cannotbe judged by conventional statistics Regardless the folshylowing ad hoc comparisons were made

A Comparisons

Diameters total heights and scaled cubic volumes to afive inch top of the trees used in the taper analysis wereutilized for comparative purposes The coefficients fromthe appropriate total height-DEH cubic volume equation wereused to directly predict volumes to a five inch top forthese trees The total height taper equations (H isdefined as total height) have the greatest standard deviashytions and range in bias Consequently they were used forcomparative purposes as a measure of the worst that could bedone using taper equations to obtain volume estimatesThese taper equations were used to predict inside bark diamshyeters at one foot intervals on each tree from the stump to afive inch top Smalians formula was then used to computevolume of each segment which were then summed to give anindirect estimate of cubic volume The following statisticswere then computed for both redwood and Douglas fir

1 Aggregate percentage difference

2 Average percentage difference

3 Root mean square percent deviation (RMSPD) computedas

1

RMSPD = (Z((y - y)y)2n)21 1 1

where

y = volume estimated b~hvolume equation or taper 1 equation for the i sample tree

y1 = actual scaled volume of the ith sample tree

n = number of sample trees

These values are shown in Table 9 and are essentially a measure of how close predicted volumes are to actual scaled tree volumes used in the basic analysis As indicators of lack of bias average and aggregate percent differences should be close to zero The RMSPD value is essentially an approximation to the standard deviation expressed as a pershycent Comparisons of these values for the taper equation with those of the volume equation provides a measure of relative efficiency Judging from table 9 there appears to be no bias in volume prediction from the taper equations

- 21 shy

and RMSPD values are almost identical

Table 9

Comparative statistics for judging differences between volume equation and taper equation based volume estimates

Redwood Douglas fir

Average Aggregate RMSPD Average Aggregate RMSPD difference difference difference difference

---per cent---

Volume -8 8 153 1 -12 11 5 equation

Taper -2 19 15 1 2 11 112 equation

Positive percent differences indicate that the estimators are low compared to actual volumes

To provide a measure of relative compatability between volume equations and taper-based volume estimates ratios of estimates produced by both methods are shown for diameter and height classes of trees used in the taper analysis in tables 10 and 11 Except at the edges of the data set there is remarkable agreement between the estimators considshyering no attempt was made to condition the taper equations

B Evaluation

In the course of this taper analysis several items were noted which are possible areas for refinement

1 The taper equations are overall slightly low judging by the aggregate difference This is probshyably due to estimating dib rather than dib squared which is proportional to volume It is well known that the squared average of a sample is less than the average squared value unless all of the diameters are the same

2 The rather simple expression of the term f in the equation may not be totally adequate for describing taper differences between trees of different DBH and height

--

- 22 shy

3 The increases with height in the ratios of volume equations to taper based estimates is largely due tothe data set being used No significant trendsindicating a lack of fit were detected in a comparishyson of both volume equations and taper estimateswith actual scaled volumes For Douglas fir thedifference is more pronounced and apparently due toa small and somewhat lopsided distribution of thesample trees

We encourage the cooperators to review these taperequations prior to final publication

In summary volume equations produce simple and effishycient estimates of gro~s tree volume However taper equashytions can be used to produce similar estimates although theyare somewhat cumbersome Taper equations are necessary whenvolumes by logs in individual trees are desired

VIII VOLUME TABLES

While the volume equations presented rere are very useshyful for incorporation into inventory analysis programs many foresters will want some of these volume equations turned into table form The combinationsof speciesgroups (3) equation types (2) measurement units (3) and top diameters (4) would require 72 individual volume tables Wben one considers the possible range of form classes of interest the number of possible tables is even more formidable Since any individual would only be interested in a few of these tables no attempt is being made to publish all ofthese tables

However in Appendix C 50 inch merchantable top boardfoot cubic foot and cubic meter tables are given for eachof the two species Redwood and Douglas fir by DBH andtotal height A listing of the computer program used toproduce these tables is available from the authors

TABLE 10 Redwood -- Rat~os of volume equationto taper based estima s of cubic volume froma 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH andHeight classes of trees used in taper analysis

I D8H I

I I 1[I 20 30 -10 50 lr3

TOTAL HEI GHT

70 80 9~3

(FEET)

100 110 120 1313 140 150 160 1E1 1813 190 200

101 12 I I [ 16 I

109 102

97 105 107 101 101

1( 97

108 103

99

112 106 1 D3 103 1 1211 101

107 103 1 [11

102 1 ~j1 1 [10 1 DE1

11 I

1] I

2gt I 24 I i6 I

94

9)

1(

96

99 100

9 99

~H 99

97 93

97 99

100 100 100 99 1 [113 1[10 100 9~1 98

99 100 100 99 99

99 1 O~J 1 (10 1 CH] 99

99 100 100 100 11]0

S18

97

9B

99 9E1

96

97 97

94

2 I 30 I 32 I 34 I 31 I

9B 99

IDO 100

113D 100 1 Em 101 1 cn 1 [11 101 1~j2

1 (C

1 [11 1 [11 101 101 102 102 11212 103 103 103

100 101 102 102 103

100 100 1 I] 1 102 103

SI9 SIE

10D ~)9 1 [11 1 [1[1 101101 102 102

97

98

99 97

1 [I1

E I 40 I Q I 44 I ill I

1 05

106

1 04 1 04 1 03

106 1 07

105 106 106

1 O 1 pound11 1 03 103 104 104

1 r~16

1 00 101 101 1D4 1 D5

4 i[I 32 I 56

I ] ] I I

108 1 Ot

1[17

110 106

5= I 60 I

TABLE 11 Douglas fir Ratios of volume equation to taper based estimates of cubic volume from a 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH and Height classes of trees used in taper analysis

--

I DEH I

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60 7t3

TlJTRL HE IcHT

BO 90

(FEET)

100 110 120

-----------------------------------------------

130 140 150 160 170 181] 196 2130

1j I 12 I 11 I 11 I

86 95 99

n 99 95 92

99

94

1 04 102

97

106 103 1DO

105 1 D1

1 me 103 106

13 I 20 I 2 I 4 I ~C I

9D 93 92 ~30

17 1 00

96 9C

95 97

93 96

93 9)

1 01 1 00

99

9B

97

1 E14 1 05 102 103 101 102 100 1 [12

99 101

104 104 104 1135

1 04

1 1217

106 106

I 30 I 3 I 3[ I C I

-deg 94 97

99 1 00 1 00

99 100

1 04 102 1 I) 1 ll4 101 102

1 0~5 1 06 1 04 1 (16 11215 104 106

1 139 1m

3 I lD I 4 I 44 I 4C I

1 EJ3 104

104

106

4 I 5U I 52 I ~l I 1 I

1 07

5 T CO I

- 23 -

Literature Cited

Akima Hiroshi 1970 A new method of interpolation and smooth curve

fitting based on local procedures ESSA Research Laboratories Boulder Colorado

Baskerville GL1972 Use of logarithmic regression in the estimation

of plant biomass Can J For Res 2(1)49shy53

Bruce Donald Schumacher Francis Y1950 Forest mensuration 3ded xvii 483p

Johnson Floyd A1966 Bark factors for Douglas fir USDA Forest

Servo Res Paper PNW - 34 Pacific NorthwestFor and Rng Exp Sta Portland Ore 3p

Palley Marshall N1959 Board foot volume tables for young growth coashy

stal Redwood California Forestry and ForestProducts No 11 California AgriculturalExpt Station Berkeley California 5p

Wensel Lee C1971 Tree volume equations from measurements taken

with a Barr and Stroud optical dendrometerHilgardia 41(4)55-64

- 24 -

Appendix

CONIFER TREE VOLU~E EQUATIONS

This appendix contains tables of statistical summariesand coefficient estimates of conifer tree volume equationsEach table has six equation summaries three board foot andthree cubic foot each accessed by total height merchantableheight or height in 163 foot logs Stump height isassumed to be one foot and board foot volumes are based onScribner scale with a nominal scaling length of 16 feet witha 3 foot trim allowance Top diameters vary with eachtable Table A1 provides a quick reference guide to tablespecifications

(1) Types of Equations

Equations are of two types

a) D-H Diameter-height equationsb) D-H-GF Diameter-height-form class equations

The form of diameter height equations is indicated

in Fortran notation as

v = BO(DB1)(HB2)

which in regular mathematical notation isb b

V = b D 1H 20

Similarly the form class equations are in Fortrannotation

V = BO(DB1)(HB2)(GFBS)

which in standard notation is equivalent to

b b b V = b 0D 1H 2GF 3

- 25 shy

(2) Exponential Notation

The coefficient estimates are given to 4 signishyficant digits in exponential notation As examples

5639E-03 = 5639x10-3 = 0005639

25639E+02= 5639x10 = 5639

(3) Standard Deviations

a) Logarithmic (LN UNITS) - Standard deviations ofresiduals are reported in natural logarithmic (baseIe) units

b) Normal Units (PERCENT) - Standard deviations arealso reported as a percentage of predicted volumesThis value is also the coefficient of variation

(4) Adjustment for Logarithmic Bias (LN BIAS)

This value is a multiplicative adjustment usushyally negligable that can be used to correct thevolume equations for any inherent bias resulting from the logarithmic transformations in the equation fitting process

(5) Percent Average Deviation (AVE DEV PERCENT)

This value is the average percent deviation ofactual versus predicted values of the sample used infitting the respective equation

(6) Percent Aggregate Difference (AGG DIFF PERCENT)

This value is the percent difference of thetotal actual volume of sample trees versuspredicted Negative values indicate the equationsare low positive values indicate the equations arehigh

---------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------

- 26 -

Quick Reference

TABLE A1

Guide to Conifer Volume Equations

Table No Species Top

Volume

dLb

to

(inches) Equation Type

1 Redwood 8 2 Redwood 8 3 Redwood 7 4 Redwood 7 5 Redwood 6 6 Redwood 6 7 Redwood 5 8 Redwood 5 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas FirWhitewoods

8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 8

18 Whitewoods 8 19 Whitewoods 7 20 Whitewoods 7 21 Whitewoods 6 22 Whitewoods 6 23 Whitewoods 5 24 Whitewoods 5

D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF

T(jDLE 1 GFDS=vCiLUr-IE T(iEIU~ FOP REDLJDDD TPE ~D--H +++gt1lt++gtltfgtIltgtIlt+lt++ ltltlt1ltgt1lt+++gt1gt1laquo1+ltIlt+-JltgtIlt+lgtflt1ltf lt1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt (lII[LI= 17F EI47

10 FDCT STU~PTD 8D IHCHES TDR DIB

EOUATIDH Y = BOID~Dl) II-1B2) IJII[rE

D=DIAM[T[F DUTSIDE BRPK RT 45 FEI=1

H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE DELDW--

E[IIIRD FOOT yoLUMES--STATISTICRL SUllll(IF

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= W0= W -

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I

TABLE 3 GROSS ~JLUME n~BLES FOR REDWOOD iF[oD11 gt1ltgt1ltgt1gt1lt gt1lt gt1gt1lt gt1ltgt1 gt1ltfgtIltjlt jlt jlt gt1lt gt1yojgtIlt gt1 gt1lt1ltgt1+ +gt1ltgt1lt y gt1lt gt1lt gt1lt1lt gtlt1lt+ I 1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt gt1++O+gtIlty ~nrJIL[ 11 C

10 FOOT STUMP TIJ 70 IHCHES TOP D IB

EQUATION V = BO(Di~Bl)(HB2) LHIEPE

D=DIn~TER OUTSIDE BnRK nT 45 FEEl H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOArD FOOT VCiLUMES--STnTISTICAL ~ U r-111n F~

I I I I -- - I - I 1 1 1 1 I rnIIDfIPD I ~TIIIIDFIFD I I LJJ I FIE 1 AIC 1 I 1 I

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I I I I

DE I ATI 011 I (UJ LHIIT) I

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DE I FIl I [111

( RErCEHT)

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I I I I

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962

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ii LlJ - e co OJ en CO

r~1

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c ~ i- shy- W ~

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LiJC- U ~ l

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- i

n - ~ LL lLJ W~ L - 0

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CO u~I~ t ~ shy-- -c lLJ ~ shy

-

cw U -- ~ WgtLiJ -

W l lW-

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5~ ~ D C) D -T-- - -- n CI

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J - - shy~-~ coS r- ~

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-- rshy

4D cr E 7 --w LL e I T

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=

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u =-r- - shyc w ci- J

ii II

I

TnBLE 7 GrOSS VOLUME TABLES FOr rEDWOOD TITI=II-II ~jIltiltIfIIltlt+AltIltjIltII1Iltjfjlt+V++hgtllt+Ijlt+f+j1lt+jltVgtf+fjltj++yengtf FIIHLE IZL 9DO

10 FOOT ~3TlHlr= TO 50] tICHE~3 TOP D I Ei

FeUrn] CHJ = BI] (lHB 1) (HKfB2) IHIErE

D=DIAMETLR OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IH FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BiJHFDFOOT VOLUMES--STHTISTICAL SUIlIlftl] ] 1-------- I I I 1 1 1 11 ~T(jHDIlfD I ~3T(III D FIr]) I I Uj I IIE I AGC I 1 1 ]] ])EI] AT 011 ] DEI AT] ON I RfK2 I B]n~= ] DE I D]FF ] B0 I 81 I 82 ]] (LH UII IT~) 1 ( FEF~CEtIT) I I I (PEfCEIITI I (1r~FIEljT) 1 I I 1] ] I 1 1-------- I -- shy on- - -- 1 ----- I 1 I

H=TOT(1L HEIGHT ] 2H 1 41D I 971 ] 1024 1 16800 ] --2 0~19 ] 1J3 j E - U3 I 0 21 [+0 1 I 1 1[-I U 1 T

] ]------- I -- --_- ] - - -- - ] - - - - ---- I ] [ --1-- I

] I I 1 1----- ] 1 [ 1 ---1H=IIEICHHE] CHT I 1[j I 1849 I 982 ] 1015 I 13243 I 1 -37 I 23[111 -1]2 I HSI4[+O 1 I 1~)16L +U 11

H=LOG HE]11-1-1 I 1 ] 1 I I I 12~EHIO] 1694E+0 11 1[516E+0 II] - _- - - -- I I 1 ]----- I 1 ] 1 I

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMFS--STATISTICAL SUr1f1HP(1 --- I 1 - 1 ] I---- ] 1-- ] 1

1 I)E]I1TIDII I DEIHTIOtl I PI+2 I 13]It3 I DE I DIfF I 80 I Bl ] B +] (LH Utl ITS) I (PEPCEtIT) I I I ( PEPCEIIT) I (PEFCEtH) I ] I ]1 ---------- I I ] -- I I I -- -- ---- I - I J

I ~TAtmnPD I ~=TntjDnPD ] I UJ I FIiE I Her I I I I

H=TOTAL HEICHT ] 149 I 1609 I 979 1 1 011 I 11 709 I 25 I 903[-C3 I 1792E+0 1 I 121EIIJ 1 I1 1--------- I ] 1-------- I I - I T I

H=11EPCH HE 1CHT I 132 I 141( I 984 I 1009 I 10327 I 2603 I 5[10~JEm021 I596E+fl I 10CE+C11 J1 1---- I I I-- I 1 ] 1 1

H=LOG HEI GI-n ] I I I I I I 967CE-01 ]15[+011 1(1(DE+Ol1] ]---- ] 1 ]-- ] ] 1 1 1

--

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shy - HHHHHH_HH ----~

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b l~ e- ~ ~ -co

s -

LlJ~ -1 cJtr-- =uCt 5

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cJ

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f- 0 -C) D l- = -1 ii Ii ii

r r

l~BLE 9 cross VOLUME TRBLES FOR DOUGLRS FIR 11 r~1)- H

gtIlt+fgtt-++gtIltjlt+lctfgtjgtjjgtII++++IltffIltIIltf++YIltgtIlt -ltfllllLE~3I L no 10 FOOT Sl~MP TO 80 INCHES TOP D IB

EDURTIDrl 130(IlfgtfD I ) UIB2) IJHEPE

D=DIRM~TER OUTSIDE BRRK AT 45 FEET 11=HE ] CI-Ilshy ] 11 FEET DF~ tILlf1EiEf~~ DI L[lC~=---~=[E BELDLJ--

BorWD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL 3L1f--1rlAR ] 1 1---- I I 1---_----shy 1 1- 1 1 1 I

STANDARD 1 Sl~NDARD 1 DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2

1 LJJ I I B If1S I

rIF DE

I 1IGLi 1 DIFF

I 1 J ] I 80 I 81 1 82 1

I (Ul LlHIr) I (PERCErn) I 1 I (PERCEtIT) 1 (P[PCEtrn II I 1 1 1- I --- -- 1 1- ----shy ) 1 1 1

H=TOTf4L HEIGHT I 154 11670 1 967 1 1012 1 11681 1 -1153 I 1Opound9E-[12 I I 793E+0 II lCU9[+U 1 I 1 1 1shy ] 1 1------ I ----- - - - ---] shy - -I I ---

I-I=IIEFCH I-IEI CHr I ID 1 II 13 1 984 I 1006 1 E213 1 1 29~ilE-O 11 IJ2~IE+O II 11iEICilI1236

1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 --H=LOG I-IEICHT 1 1 1 1 1 I I 79CI2[HII] 1 152(jf~H] 1 1 II7[ICll1

1 1 1 1 1 1 I ---- -- - --- I shy - I- - --- - [ ------

CLIEIC FOOT VOLUMES--STRTISTICAL ~ U flrl14 P

1 1 1---shy 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1 J =TmID~IRD I STIIIJDbIPD 1 I Ll1 1 fl[ I AGG 1 ] [ I 1 DElbITIOll I DE 1 biT 1 ON 1 f(++2 I Ellfl~ I DE 1 DlfF I 80 1 81 1 B2 I I (LH lJtjIF) 1 (PERCEIIT) 1 1 1 (PERCEIIT) 1 (PERCENT) 1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] I I - - ---1 - - 1 --_ 1 -- - --- - _shy I ---

H=TOTIL H[IGHT I 13 I 1 14[15 I 971 I 1009 1 9t19 1 - R3C I I [l4l--0I I 703EH] II 1379E+0 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I 1 - 1

1-1=III~fCH HIICIIT 1 D~II 1 ~I 4= 1 986 ] 1004 1 6 7~i 1 91~ ] 121I[-D] IclSE+II] 11111[1111I 1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I ] I I 1201UI+CIIIII47~JE+OII mIIE-I)l] I I I 1 -- -- 1 I - shy _-shy - I ---shy- -- I 1 -shy - I --------- ----- -----

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LL

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TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

- r~ Cj D CD In [c Cj Cj [r ~ Cj Cj -

c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

oJ ltj

C]D D ~~-

co fc Cj C In C]

J I

f

)f~ -

c Cj-

c Cj fr

~j

[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

~J CO (I flt - Cj-

L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

C]s CO Lt j ~

- C -

C] -

- ~

)-~ COD

C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

LL lt

LLi

shy

uJ

J

fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

- In fshy

- i--

cr fr

~ 7 s

=7

(j C c] e~

J - D In

ishy D j

1(1- u~ [r

- ~

I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

-

C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

fC deg]

-

I CO Q

~~gt-i~

C Cj Lt ~-- -

CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

is iJ Cj

- iJ co

CQ f

~ (T- c

cr co

CQ CQ

-co-

flt1 co

D D fshy f f= ~ ~s~

- - CJ-CQm r CO

U is)i-

- f COCO

CCshy fr shy crco

shyr

r U~ co f

u

eCi ltI

l5 =J D

D iD

S) in-

In1- ~ f)

CD co CD co OJ

J - co in co f

S) D cr -Jco co CO r shy

-0 CCm J fshy r- m fshy

coco

U ~ u

In lC U

J u

shyc iJ w ~

~

S)f~1

Q C]

co 0 CO co

In rJ cow

In co

- Cj cr S) co CO CD fshy co

~~ ~~ ~6 ~j gg

- -crCCshy co OJ co f r f

1 = CD co

-D mm

- D r~ CQ CO r

CTi -J ~ shy f- r- D

~ -

~

D ~ J U~ CT CO co

= co

f C co f- CD r-

D CD

co r-

Cj r-

I ill

f-W W LL

G) IS)

D G-f u f

- 0 cr- 0 r lL

D fshy

ill

U-i lCi I

J u

~ i D u

W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

-

--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

ill u fshy

-

CI jr

-D -)

J (j

c

---- shy --shy -- -shy

-ill

J C 1 --- J- CO DC ID - C1CC]CJ

co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

- T ~ ~-g

0 -0 03

W

B lJ~IV f-

Q LiJ D ~I -shy=rI CO UJ A

LLA DZ

I (FQf-WI

~2 ~lLi Ir

w c lLi -J OJ Ifshy

- f-W lLi LL

rshy~ ~

~ lLi

~ ~ fshyu f-

I ill A

~ QC]

Q I]

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IS fshy

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f-J

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CJ

Q 1

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Q ~

3 Cltj

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IS ISI

C]

- m

0

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CCj

e ID

C]

IS) In

i~

~

~

r~

Q CJ

e

co C]j ID r- s ~JFJ ~J f ~ rJ ~5 f~~ Cf g ~

~ ~

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GJ ~ ~-s CO ISI In D

GI 1 J

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D CO

S)-

CP 1 CO r

~ U) - C)

D 3 LJf-

JD -lt

3 G In

[shy0

Ci C) J 9

~

r~ co co

f~1 CO

CO

U~ I -1 ~

r~

In 0)

-lt QCO CD

fshyr 11

f1 tn cc

r~ 7shy0) CO cb

pJ CD

LJ ~

- iel

co q c CO CO CO r- fshy

--OJ -

fshyill LJ

IS) i~

1[1 ~ In cc co rshy

en D C- CO m

J

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0 = - GI rshy

fi fJ

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~

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D In 0 In fshy 1)

-

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r~

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g

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- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

c

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D Cj S~[~~2

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m j) j) co D CCIF - - ( Cj ~H~~f ~ ~

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C n i~ j n c r C J j Uc J Cj Cj ~ ~

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--

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c~ tU

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- 4 shy

b r bark ratio at breast height (45 feet)

dbh = b (DBH) r

GF Girrards form class (GF = dDBH X 100 where d is1 1

evaluated at 173 feet )

DIA 1 General diameter term -- definition depends on the

context

H General measure of tree height in feet

Ht Total tree height in feet

Hm Height to the merchantable top in feet

HI Height to the merchantable top in units of 163 feet (log height)

S Stump height in feet

d s diameter inside bark at the stump

D s diameter outside bark at the stump

exp(X) 27128 raised to the power of X

In(X) Natural logarithm of X

S Standard deviation of the residuals about the yx regression of Y on X

III DATA SOURCES

The data used to develop the relationships presented in this report have been assimilated from four main sources

A Qf Dendrometry

The Universitys Barr and Stroud optical dendrometer model FP 15 was used to take measurements of bole height and outside bark stem diameters at selected points along tree stems

Sampling was performed during the summer of 1975 on lands belonging to members of the Redwood Yield Research Cooperative Tree selection was semi-random A loose criterion was adopted to select trees between 3-50 inches DBH over the range of conditionsencounteredon the propershyties sampled with the following restrictions

a Trees on the edges of road cuts were not measured unless the roads were recentlyconstructed

- 5 shy

b Trees were not selected in stands composed of resishydual old growth or in stands where there was evishydence that the trees present developed as an undersshytory of old-growth stands

c Trees were not selected if they were severelysuppressed had broken tops or possessed otherabnormalities that would make them unlikely candishydates as crop trees in managed young growth stands

B Palley Data

The majority of trees used by Palley (1959 1961) for the previous redwood volume tables were retained after screening for this study These trees were fall buck and scale (FBS) data Measurements included DBH total height

stump height and diameter and inside and ou~side bark diamshyeters on each 16-foot log

C USDA - -shy1900 Data

The United States Department of Agriculture carried outa comprehensive stem analysis project on young growth redshywood sprouts around 1900 Sampling was performed in secondgrowth stands in Del Norte Humboldt and northern Mendocinocounties The records of over 1000 trees are on file at theUniversity Approximately 200 dominant intermediate andcodominant tree records were utilized in the present study

D Cooperator Data

Simpson Timber Company and Georgia Pacific Corporationof the Redwood Research Cooperative donated the FBS recordsof several hundred trees for use in this study

Appendix B contains a breakdown of the numbers of treesby diameter and height classes for each species group Alsoincluded are tables showing average form class by diameterand total height

IV SECONDARY RELATIONSHIPS

The basic set of measurements on each tree needed forvolume and taper analysis consists of a sequential series ofinside bark diameters and log lengths from a specified stump height to the tree tip As the available data had been colshylected by a variety of field procedures it was necessary to develop several estimators to make minor adjustments on the measurements of some trees so the entire data set would bein a compatible form

-------------------------------------------------------

- 6 -

A Stump Diameter Estimators

In situations where the actual stump height was notcoincident with nominal stump height used in this study thefollowing nonlinear model was used to estimate the stumpdiameter inside bark (d )s

d = (1 - bOX)(DIA)exp(b 1(h - Sraquo (1)s 1 1

where DIA is the measured diameter inside or outside barkat a height h X is an indicator variable equal to 0if DIA is insiae bark and 1 if it is outside bark Coefshyficient estimates and a statistical summary are shown inTable 1

An approximately equal number of inside and outsidebark measurements were used as observations h ranged from5 to 45 feet Extrapolation outside these limits is notrecommended It should be noted that this model assumesbark ratios remain constant over short bole segments Assufficient data were unavailable for other whitewoods Dougshylas fir coefficients were used for this species group also

Table 1

Coefficient estimates by species for the stump diameter model

Species b b1 R2 S Sample Size~ ~~~------------

Douglas Fir 097 038 95 176 403Redwood 153 035 97 148 591

B Bark Ratio at Breast Height Estimators

Bark ratios (b ) were estimated with the followingmodel r

dbh = (br)(DBH) (2)

Estimates and a statisticalsummary are shown in Table 2

-----------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------

- 7 -

Table 2

Bark ratio estimates and statistical summary

Species br R2 Sample Size

Redwood 85 98 688Douglas Fir 91 99 362Whitewoods 95 99 160

C Stump Height Estimators

In situations where stump height is unknown but stumpdiameter inside bark (d ) and another diameter (DIAi) at aknown height (h) has bee~ measured solving equation (3)for S provide~ a logical form for a nonlinear stump heightestimator

S = C 1[ln(d ) - In(1-cOX) - In(DIA)] + h (3 )s I I

All variable definitions in this model are the same as in

equation 1 The coefficients (cOc1) could be numericallyderived from band b in equation 1 If there was no stashytistical erroP How~ver the coefficients because of thiserror were reestimated by nonlinear least squares and areshown in Table 3

Table 3

Coefficient estimates and statistical summaryfor the stump height model

Species c C1 R2 S (feet) Sample Size~ y~~---------------------

Redwood 308 -1688 93 11 571Douglas Fir 206 -2020 91 13 403

D Tip Estimators

In situationswhere the length of the tree stem fromthe last buck to the tree tip is not measuredit can beestimatedwith the models

TIP = bO(d)b1

(DBH)b2

(4)I I

or

b1 b2 TIPi = bO(Di) (DBH) (5 )

-------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------

- 8 shy

bole from the knownwhere TIPi is the length of the treediameter d or D to the tree top1 1

Tables 4 and 5 give coefficient estimates and a statisticalsummary The sample basis used in developing these equashytions did not utilize top diameters in excess of 14 inches

Table 4

Tip model -- diameter inside bark (d) coefficients and summary 1

---~~~ ~~ ~l ~~---~~~~-~~~-~~_~~~__-Redwood 81 105 -27 752 80 601Douglas Fir 739 103 -24 425 78 143

Table 5

Tip model -- diameter outside bark (D)coefficients and summary 1

Species b b1 b S R2 Sample Size

~ 2 ~~~-------------------Redwood 67 108 -26 698 82 619 Douglas Fir 68 99 -19 394 79 161

E Bark Taper Estimators

Dendrometry measurements were converted to outside barkmeasurements at various heights on standing trees To conshyvert these measurements to diameters inside bark a barktaper model was developed

Douglas fir

There was not enough data available in the sample setto estimate coefficients in a bark taper model for Douglasfir Consequently the model developed by Johnson (1966)for Douglas fir in the Pacific Northwest was considered thenext best alternative This model is

- 9 shy

dD = 559 + 00006h + 203(DDBH) (6 ) I I I I

- 1542(DDBH)2 + 3413 (d D )I s s

This model was also used for other whitewoods

Redwood

Three observations each consisting of height from the ground (h) diameter inside bark (d) and outside bark (D) at rsectndomly selected points on 172 fedwood trees were us~d to develop a redwood bark taper model The following model fitted by nonlinear least squares was found to give the best statistical fit as well as providing a logical and consistent functional form

diDi = dbhDBH + 38(1-dbhDBH)x (7)

(1 -exp(-06(h I - 45raquo)

Total Observations = 521

R2 = 12

Syx = 035

Both coefficients and the overall model were statistically significant at the 01 level The low precision is partly due to measurements being rounded to the nearest tenth inch and the form of the independent variable (dD) Premultishyplying bot~ sides of the expression by D afld fefitting proshyduced an R value of 93 without any real increase in explashynatory power

V Volume Equations

The volume equations developed for each species group in this study are of two general types

Type 1 V = f(DBHH)

Type Q V = f(DBHHGF)

For T~ch equation type and species group twenty-fourequations were estimated by using combinations of the folshylowing items

1 The specIfIcatIons used here for the volume equashytions are those recommended by the Advisory Panel of the Redwood Yield Cooperative

- 10 shy

were used1 Volume types - two volume def~itions

Scribner board foot and cubic feet

2 Height - three definitions of height were used total

height (Ht) merchantable height (Hm) and log height(HI)

3 Merchantable top - volumes were computed to four insidebark top diameter limits -- 8 7 6 and 5 inches

A Scaling Procedures

Volumes for each tree were computed from stump heightto the merchantable top limit As the actual measurementson each tree were not all at even log multiples some meansof interpolation was necessary The best procedure wasfound to be fitting a system of several third order polynoshymials to the actual measurements on each tree (see Akima1970) The basic result of this process was to provide thenumerical equivalent of a free-hand curve drawn through thestem profile conditioned to pass through every measuredpoint This equation system was then utilized to buck thetrees into standard lengths and produce interpolated diameshyters

B Board foot scale

Board foot scale was based on a 10 foot stump heighta nominal log length of 16 feet and a trim allowance of 3

feet Board foot volumes of each log were computed by thefollowing equation (Bruce and Schumacher 1950)

BV = 79(DIA)2 - 2DIA - 4

where DIA is the diameter inside bark at the small end ofthe log

Based on general scaling practices in the region thefollowing procedure was used when the top log was not aneven multiple of 163 feet If the length was less than 8feet the piece was appended to the next lower log which wassubsequently scaled as a long log If it was between 8and 163 feet the piece was appended to the next lower logwhich was subsequentlysplit in half and scaled as twoshort logs

It should be noted that largelydue to the viscissishytudes of the Scribner log rule reducing the top merchantashybility diameter frequently resulted in an overall decreasein the board foot scale for specific trees While no formal

2 Volumes ln CUblC meters are obtained using the cubicfoot equations and metric conversion factors See secshytion VF on metric units

- 11 shy

analysis was performed the general impression gained curingdata analysis was that a top diameter of 6 to 7 inches wouldproduce the maximum overall board foot scale obtainable withthe scaling procedures employed in this study

An end result of this phenomena is that the volumeequations developed in this report are not guaranteed toestimate more board foot volume as the merchantable topdiameter decreases particularly since this is not what hapshypens in practice

C Cubic foot scale

The local taper equation developed for each tree wasused to estimate inside bark diameters at one foot intervalsfrom the stump to the merchantable top Smalians formulawas applied to each one foot segment to compute volumes

D Functional Relationships and Statistical Procedures

The functional form of the volume equations fitted were

b bType 1 V = bo(DBH) 1H 2

b b bType 2 V = b (DBH) 1H 2GF 3

0

For each volume equation case data were transformed bytaking natural logarithms and parameters were subsequentlyestimated by linear least squares regression The constantterm (b) was exponentiated to convert the equation to thenatural Humber scale A synopsis and statistical summaryfor each fitted equation is displayed in Appendix A

Experience has shown that fitting volume equations bythe logarithmic procedure provides consistent and logicalestimators as well as satisfying the usual assumptions ofregression (see Wensel 1973) The major objection is thata negative bias is introduced by this procedure and volumeestimates should be multiplied by a correction factor toprovide theoretically consistent estimates This factoris equal to

exp (5MSE)

where MSE is the mean squared residual of the respectivevolume equation in logarithmic units (Baskerville 1972)This factor (2 to 2 percent) is usually much smaller thanthe statistical error (6 to 22 percent) of the volume equashytions and for most purposes can be ignored These bias corrections are also shown in Appendix A

- 12 -

E Reliability and Adjustments to Local Conditions

The volume tables essentially give average volumesfor trees of a given DBH and height These volumes are subshyject to two sources of statistical error when used for anindividual tree (1) an error associated with estimatingthe true population volume relationship from samplesThis source of error can be reduced by taking more samples(2) An error associatedwith random deviations about thetrue populationvolume relationship This source of errormay be reduced by adding additional explanatory variables(eg form class)

As with all regional volume tables there is a possishybility that stands of trees in specific localities maydepart from the general relationships shown in these tablesAlso where scaling practices differ from the ones used inthis study an additional source of bias may be introducedHence field checks should be made before local use

The followingproceduresare suggested to check theaccuracy of volume tables at the 95 probability level

1 Specify the accuracy level desired for the estimateof tree volume on the average for the stand beingsampled

2 Determine from Table 6 the number of sample treesrequired Sample sizes were computed with the aidof the well known sample size formula

n = t2(CV)2A2

where

n = number of sample trees

t = students t value corresponding to the numberof sample trees and the confidence level being used

CV = coefficient of variation expressed as a decimal

A = accuracy level expressed as a decimal

-------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------

- 13 -

Table 6

Sample trees required for 95 confidence intervalsof various levels of accuracy for tree volumes

Accuracy () Cubic Feet Foard Feet

10 9 168 14 256 25 444 56 1002 225 400

Assumed Coefficient 15 20of Variation ()

3 Once the sample size is chosen trees should beselected for volume measurement that are representashytive of the trees for which volume estimates aredesired Each sample tree is measured for DBBtotal height and volume Volume can be obtainedwith a Relaskop dendrometer or by scaling felledtrees Volumes of sample trees should be determinedby the same procedures used in actual scaling operashytions

4 Compute the percent difference between the measuredvolumes and those estimated by the volume tables foreach sample tree Then compute the average percentdifference for all sample trees

5 If the absolute value of the average percent differshyence ii is less than the accuracy level use thetables without adjustment

6 If the Pi is greater than the accuracy level andthere are no trends in the percent deviations oversize classes multiply estimated volumes by the facshytor

F = (1+P100)

7 Percent deviations sometimes show trends with

estimated volume or DBH in which case regressionadjustments may be utilized For example if thepercentage volume deviation of the sawple varieswith DBH in a linear fashion the following correcshytion factor may be used

F = [1+(P+b(D-D))1CO]D 11

where

- 14 -

F = correction factor for a tree of D inchesD 1

1 15 = average DBH of volume sample trees

b = regression constant computed from the volume sample

2P D - nPD = J J

2D2 - n1521

n = number of sample trees

P = Percent deviation of the jth tree in the J volume sample

D = DBH of the jth tree in the volume sampleJ

If more refined estimates or different confidence levels are desired coefficients of variation derived from Appendix A for each species-volume group can be utilized in conjunction with the famishyliar sample size formula

8 As an example suppose 8 percent accuracy levels were desired at the 95 percent probability level A redwood cubic volume check yielded the followingdata

Total Volumes from Volumes Percent Sample Tree DBH Height Tables Scaled Difference

No (inches) (feet) (cubic feet) (cubic feet) (percent)

1 12 60 14 148 +57 2 12 70 16 17 1 +68 3 12 90 21 228 +48 4 18 90 46 494 +74 5 20 130 82 883 +75 6 22 110 84 917 +92 7 28 100 123 1342 +9 1 8 28 130 160 1755 +97 9 30 120 169 1859 100

10 34 130 234 2604 113 11 36 130 262 2908 110 12 36 140 282 3144 115 13 44 160 477 5380 128 14 44 160 477 5409 134

Averages 2686 +93

- 15 -

In this exampleP = 93 is greater than the 8 per~cent accuracy requirement and may be used to computethe correction factor

F = 1 + 93100 = 1093

There is also a trend in the percentage differencewhich increases with DBH In this case a regresshysion correction factor that varies with DBH will bemore precise The regression coefficient b for

the correction factor FD is computed as1

b = [(57)(12) + (68)(12) + (134)(44) - 14 (93)(2686)][122 + 122 + 442 - 14(2686)2]

= 0227

The correction is then

FD = 1 + (93 + 227 (D- 268))100]i 1

= 1093+00227(D-268)1

For a 44 inch tree the volume estimate from thetable would be adjusted upward by the factor

F44 = 1093+00227(44-268)

= 1132

Adjusted Volume = 1132 x 477 = 540 cubic feet

F Metric Units

Each of the equations presented in this report presumesthat English units are being used In the case where metricunits are used for one or more of the measurements thevolume equations are altered as follows

- 16 -

Measurement Units VolumeDBH Height Desired Conversion(C)

inches feet (feet)-J none

inches feet (meters)shyc3

cm meters (feet)3 (c1-b1)(c2-b2)

cm meters (meters)3(c1-b1) (c2 -b2)c3

Hhere c1 = 254 inchescm

c2 = 03048 ftmeter

c3 = 00283168 m3ft3

b1 b2 = coefficients of the volume equation used

These conversion factors can be used in several HaysFirst if desired measurements of D and H can be converted

using the terms c1 and c2 respectively Alternatively theappropriate composite conversions C can be used to convertthe final volume Desired volume is obtained by multiplyingthe calculated volume from the volume equation times theappropriate conversion factor above

VI CONIFER TAPER MODELS

Taper models estimate diameter inside bark at variousheights on tree boles when only DBH and some measure of treeheight are observed Taper models are used for two princishyple purposes

1 Estimation of the dimensions of upper stem portionsfor defect adjustment in cruising

2 Estimation of the log size mix potentially availablefrom standing trees

A Model Criteria

Taper models are conventionally required to haveseveral properties

1 If total height is an access variable the modelshould predict a diameter inside bark of a at thetree tip Similarly if merchantable height is usedthe equation should predict the top merchantableinside bark diameter at the merchantable height

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2 Predictions of stump or hreast high diameters shouldequal actual measurements at these points Whilethese values are not conventionally recorded in thefield the taper model should be structured sopredicted inside bark diameters can be forcedthrough logical values of these points if necessary

3 Predictions derived from these equations should bealways positive always decrease with increases inbole height and be relatively unbiased at variouspoints on the tree bole

B ~odel Development

Experimentation with several possible functional formsled to the following model which is based on the modifiedinverse of a general sigmoidal equation This model was found form

to satisfy the previous criteria and has the general

d = c D - Df ln[1-Rc1

(1-exp(c f1 - d ~f )))J1 0 1 ~ 0 m~ 1

Where

di = dib in inches at a point lilon the tree bole

D = DBH

h = height in feet from ground to a point i on the tree1 bole

H = general measure of tree height in feet

R = (h-1)(H-1)1

d = merchantable top diameter inside bark correspondingm to the point where h1 = H

f1 = c2 + c3D + c4H

c1 = parameters estimated by regression methods

This model is conditioned so that the predicted diameshyter inside bark will equal a when h = H If H is totalheight d is 0 and the predicted diameter will be a at thetree tip~ Similarly if H is the height to a merchantabletop of say 50 inches d is 50 inches and the predictionwill be conditioned to mpredict 50 inches dib when hi =H

Six taper equations were developed with H being definedas height from the ground to an 85 and C inch (tree tip)

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top dib for redwood and Douglas fir The models werefitted by nonlinear least squares Two to three samplepoints on suitable trees used in the previously desoribedvolume analysis were randomly chosen for equation fittingCoefficient estimates and a statistical summary are shown inTable 7

C Podel Interpretation and Discussion

The coefficient c is interpreted as the ratio ofdib at a 10 foot ~tump to DBH The fitted coefficientswere almost numerically equal to simple ratio estimatorsbased on the same data set so constraining the model was not

considered necessary The term f1 for the taper modelswere chosen after considerable experimentation in attemptsto account for general differences in taper between trees indifferent diameter and height classes Table 8 gives avershyage bias (average difference between actual and predictedvalues) by relative height for all six taper equations Ingeneral these biases are small and quite acceptable for thegeneral level of precision usually required in estimatingupper bole diameters

Table 7

Taper Podel Coefficients and Statistical Summary

REmJOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Merchantable Tops

00 50 80 00 50 80

c 955 956 955 1008 1016 1 0240

387 346 326 415 320 276c1

-362 -247 -211 -275 -169 -142c2

-00581 -00666 -00542 -00770 -00539 -00364c3

00122 00116 000847 000640 000178 000108c4

R2 902 962 967 974 978 975

S 128 119 114 97 81 82yx

SampleCJlze 1238 1217 1164 671 631 574

--

- 19 -

Table 8

Bias of conifer taper equations at various pointon the sample tree boles

REDWOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Equation top diameter Equation top diameter

00 50 80 00 50 80

Bias in Inches

Stump 13 01 -03 22 10 03

DBH -16 01 09 - 15 -03 05

-22 -20 -22 -20 -10 -10h17

30 17 03 25 07 10h33

30 -04 07 35 17 05h5

-06 -03 08 1 1 - 14 -00h67

-34 06 26 -54 -04 00hS5

top 00 00 00 00 00 00

h xx refers to a bole height equal to xx of total height

Positive table values indicate predictions are low

VII VOLUME EQUATION VERSUS TAPER BASED VOLUME ESTIMATES

The coefficients in Appendix A can be used to estimategross volume directly in standing trees The taper equashytions can also be used to obtain indirect estimates of grossvolume Essentially the taper equation is used to estimateinside bark diameters at the places on the tree bole whereit is to be bucked into lengths These lengths are thenscaled using predicted inside bark diameters and summed toestimate total volume Mathematical integration of thetaper function is impossible so this numerical technique isrequired

It should be emphasized that the taper equations weredeveloped to predict inside bark bole diameters not tree

- 20 shy

volume Hence their adequacy in volume estimation cannotbe judged by conventional statistics Regardless the folshylowing ad hoc comparisons were made

A Comparisons

Diameters total heights and scaled cubic volumes to afive inch top of the trees used in the taper analysis wereutilized for comparative purposes The coefficients fromthe appropriate total height-DEH cubic volume equation wereused to directly predict volumes to a five inch top forthese trees The total height taper equations (H isdefined as total height) have the greatest standard deviashytions and range in bias Consequently they were used forcomparative purposes as a measure of the worst that could bedone using taper equations to obtain volume estimatesThese taper equations were used to predict inside bark diamshyeters at one foot intervals on each tree from the stump to afive inch top Smalians formula was then used to computevolume of each segment which were then summed to give anindirect estimate of cubic volume The following statisticswere then computed for both redwood and Douglas fir

1 Aggregate percentage difference

2 Average percentage difference

3 Root mean square percent deviation (RMSPD) computedas

1

RMSPD = (Z((y - y)y)2n)21 1 1

where

y = volume estimated b~hvolume equation or taper 1 equation for the i sample tree

y1 = actual scaled volume of the ith sample tree

n = number of sample trees

These values are shown in Table 9 and are essentially a measure of how close predicted volumes are to actual scaled tree volumes used in the basic analysis As indicators of lack of bias average and aggregate percent differences should be close to zero The RMSPD value is essentially an approximation to the standard deviation expressed as a pershycent Comparisons of these values for the taper equation with those of the volume equation provides a measure of relative efficiency Judging from table 9 there appears to be no bias in volume prediction from the taper equations

- 21 shy

and RMSPD values are almost identical

Table 9

Comparative statistics for judging differences between volume equation and taper equation based volume estimates

Redwood Douglas fir

Average Aggregate RMSPD Average Aggregate RMSPD difference difference difference difference

---per cent---

Volume -8 8 153 1 -12 11 5 equation

Taper -2 19 15 1 2 11 112 equation

Positive percent differences indicate that the estimators are low compared to actual volumes

To provide a measure of relative compatability between volume equations and taper-based volume estimates ratios of estimates produced by both methods are shown for diameter and height classes of trees used in the taper analysis in tables 10 and 11 Except at the edges of the data set there is remarkable agreement between the estimators considshyering no attempt was made to condition the taper equations

B Evaluation

In the course of this taper analysis several items were noted which are possible areas for refinement

1 The taper equations are overall slightly low judging by the aggregate difference This is probshyably due to estimating dib rather than dib squared which is proportional to volume It is well known that the squared average of a sample is less than the average squared value unless all of the diameters are the same

2 The rather simple expression of the term f in the equation may not be totally adequate for describing taper differences between trees of different DBH and height

--

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3 The increases with height in the ratios of volume equations to taper based estimates is largely due tothe data set being used No significant trendsindicating a lack of fit were detected in a comparishyson of both volume equations and taper estimateswith actual scaled volumes For Douglas fir thedifference is more pronounced and apparently due toa small and somewhat lopsided distribution of thesample trees

We encourage the cooperators to review these taperequations prior to final publication

In summary volume equations produce simple and effishycient estimates of gro~s tree volume However taper equashytions can be used to produce similar estimates although theyare somewhat cumbersome Taper equations are necessary whenvolumes by logs in individual trees are desired

VIII VOLUME TABLES

While the volume equations presented rere are very useshyful for incorporation into inventory analysis programs many foresters will want some of these volume equations turned into table form The combinationsof speciesgroups (3) equation types (2) measurement units (3) and top diameters (4) would require 72 individual volume tables Wben one considers the possible range of form classes of interest the number of possible tables is even more formidable Since any individual would only be interested in a few of these tables no attempt is being made to publish all ofthese tables

However in Appendix C 50 inch merchantable top boardfoot cubic foot and cubic meter tables are given for eachof the two species Redwood and Douglas fir by DBH andtotal height A listing of the computer program used toproduce these tables is available from the authors

TABLE 10 Redwood -- Rat~os of volume equationto taper based estima s of cubic volume froma 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH andHeight classes of trees used in taper analysis

I D8H I

I I 1[I 20 30 -10 50 lr3

TOTAL HEI GHT

70 80 9~3

(FEET)

100 110 120 1313 140 150 160 1E1 1813 190 200

101 12 I I [ 16 I

109 102

97 105 107 101 101

1( 97

108 103

99

112 106 1 D3 103 1 1211 101

107 103 1 [11

102 1 ~j1 1 [10 1 DE1

11 I

1] I

2gt I 24 I i6 I

94

9)

1(

96

99 100

9 99

~H 99

97 93

97 99

100 100 100 99 1 [113 1[10 100 9~1 98

99 100 100 99 99

99 1 O~J 1 (10 1 CH] 99

99 100 100 100 11]0

S18

97

9B

99 9E1

96

97 97

94

2 I 30 I 32 I 34 I 31 I

9B 99

IDO 100

113D 100 1 Em 101 1 cn 1 [11 101 1~j2

1 (C

1 [11 1 [11 101 101 102 102 11212 103 103 103

100 101 102 102 103

100 100 1 I] 1 102 103

SI9 SIE

10D ~)9 1 [11 1 [1[1 101101 102 102

97

98

99 97

1 [I1

E I 40 I Q I 44 I ill I

1 05

106

1 04 1 04 1 03

106 1 07

105 106 106

1 O 1 pound11 1 03 103 104 104

1 r~16

1 00 101 101 1D4 1 D5

4 i[I 32 I 56

I ] ] I I

108 1 Ot

1[17

110 106

5= I 60 I

TABLE 11 Douglas fir Ratios of volume equation to taper based estimates of cubic volume from a 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH and Height classes of trees used in taper analysis

--

I DEH I

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60 7t3

TlJTRL HE IcHT

BO 90

(FEET)

100 110 120

-----------------------------------------------

130 140 150 160 170 181] 196 2130

1j I 12 I 11 I 11 I

86 95 99

n 99 95 92

99

94

1 04 102

97

106 103 1DO

105 1 D1

1 me 103 106

13 I 20 I 2 I 4 I ~C I

9D 93 92 ~30

17 1 00

96 9C

95 97

93 96

93 9)

1 01 1 00

99

9B

97

1 E14 1 05 102 103 101 102 100 1 [12

99 101

104 104 104 1135

1 04

1 1217

106 106

I 30 I 3 I 3[ I C I

-deg 94 97

99 1 00 1 00

99 100

1 04 102 1 I) 1 ll4 101 102

1 0~5 1 06 1 04 1 (16 11215 104 106

1 139 1m

3 I lD I 4 I 44 I 4C I

1 EJ3 104

104

106

4 I 5U I 52 I ~l I 1 I

1 07

5 T CO I

- 23 -

Literature Cited

Akima Hiroshi 1970 A new method of interpolation and smooth curve

fitting based on local procedures ESSA Research Laboratories Boulder Colorado

Baskerville GL1972 Use of logarithmic regression in the estimation

of plant biomass Can J For Res 2(1)49shy53

Bruce Donald Schumacher Francis Y1950 Forest mensuration 3ded xvii 483p

Johnson Floyd A1966 Bark factors for Douglas fir USDA Forest

Servo Res Paper PNW - 34 Pacific NorthwestFor and Rng Exp Sta Portland Ore 3p

Palley Marshall N1959 Board foot volume tables for young growth coashy

stal Redwood California Forestry and ForestProducts No 11 California AgriculturalExpt Station Berkeley California 5p

Wensel Lee C1971 Tree volume equations from measurements taken

with a Barr and Stroud optical dendrometerHilgardia 41(4)55-64

- 24 -

Appendix

CONIFER TREE VOLU~E EQUATIONS

This appendix contains tables of statistical summariesand coefficient estimates of conifer tree volume equationsEach table has six equation summaries three board foot andthree cubic foot each accessed by total height merchantableheight or height in 163 foot logs Stump height isassumed to be one foot and board foot volumes are based onScribner scale with a nominal scaling length of 16 feet witha 3 foot trim allowance Top diameters vary with eachtable Table A1 provides a quick reference guide to tablespecifications

(1) Types of Equations

Equations are of two types

a) D-H Diameter-height equationsb) D-H-GF Diameter-height-form class equations

The form of diameter height equations is indicated

in Fortran notation as

v = BO(DB1)(HB2)

which in regular mathematical notation isb b

V = b D 1H 20

Similarly the form class equations are in Fortrannotation

V = BO(DB1)(HB2)(GFBS)

which in standard notation is equivalent to

b b b V = b 0D 1H 2GF 3

- 25 shy

(2) Exponential Notation

The coefficient estimates are given to 4 signishyficant digits in exponential notation As examples

5639E-03 = 5639x10-3 = 0005639

25639E+02= 5639x10 = 5639

(3) Standard Deviations

a) Logarithmic (LN UNITS) - Standard deviations ofresiduals are reported in natural logarithmic (baseIe) units

b) Normal Units (PERCENT) - Standard deviations arealso reported as a percentage of predicted volumesThis value is also the coefficient of variation

(4) Adjustment for Logarithmic Bias (LN BIAS)

This value is a multiplicative adjustment usushyally negligable that can be used to correct thevolume equations for any inherent bias resulting from the logarithmic transformations in the equation fitting process

(5) Percent Average Deviation (AVE DEV PERCENT)

This value is the average percent deviation ofactual versus predicted values of the sample used infitting the respective equation

(6) Percent Aggregate Difference (AGG DIFF PERCENT)

This value is the percent difference of thetotal actual volume of sample trees versuspredicted Negative values indicate the equationsare low positive values indicate the equations arehigh

---------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------

- 26 -

Quick Reference

TABLE A1

Guide to Conifer Volume Equations

Table No Species Top

Volume

dLb

to

(inches) Equation Type

1 Redwood 8 2 Redwood 8 3 Redwood 7 4 Redwood 7 5 Redwood 6 6 Redwood 6 7 Redwood 5 8 Redwood 5 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas FirWhitewoods

8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 8

18 Whitewoods 8 19 Whitewoods 7 20 Whitewoods 7 21 Whitewoods 6 22 Whitewoods 6 23 Whitewoods 5 24 Whitewoods 5

D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF

T(jDLE 1 GFDS=vCiLUr-IE T(iEIU~ FOP REDLJDDD TPE ~D--H +++gt1lt++gtltfgtIltgtIlt+lt++ ltltlt1ltgt1lt+++gt1gt1laquo1+ltIlt+-JltgtIlt+lgtflt1ltf lt1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt (lII[LI= 17F EI47

10 FDCT STU~PTD 8D IHCHES TDR DIB

EOUATIDH Y = BOID~Dl) II-1B2) IJII[rE

D=DIAM[T[F DUTSIDE BRPK RT 45 FEI=1

H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE DELDW--

E[IIIRD FOOT yoLUMES--STATISTICRL SUllll(IF

I I 1---- I -- - I I 1 ] ] -- --- --- -----

I cTAtlDl~RD I T(1tID~IFD I I UI I ](1 E 11l~G 1 I ] I DEI IITI DI-I I DE I (1T I elll J pJI I B 1(1 I 1DE DIFF 1 CC 1 Ell 1 c

I UI UHIT~)I 1REPCEllrr I I I I( FEPCEIIT) IPERCEIIT) 1 I 1 I -- I ---- ------ ------- 1 I -shy --- I I 1 1 1 ] -- ----- -- --

H=TCTIIL- HEICIIT I 2D5 I 2273 I 956 I ID21 I 16018 I 646 I 170E-031026[+01 1197[-+[l1 1 I I 1 I 1 1 1 ] [

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I - 1 -- -- -- -------- I 1 ] 1--------- I I 1 J

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rlt D shy

wLiJiClJi r~ i 1 =T

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- --~--~-shy W U~I

gt- shyr-i shy

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D-Dshycn LL+f=

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W- LL = r-

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tD ~

i-D-W

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iI en Wfw~ -1 7 ~ r-O-~-

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gshy-shy QC = U~ ~ shy -

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en en -

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co- D- u+shy

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u

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7 - W ~o-shy

= W0= W -

CL L c

CL

~-~shy~ Ljshy

gt- U r-shyl--i-w -lt = ~

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-

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TABLE 3 GROSS ~JLUME n~BLES FOR REDWOOD iF[oD11 gt1ltgt1ltgt1gt1lt gt1lt gt1gt1lt gt1ltgt1 gt1ltfgtIltjlt jlt jlt gt1lt gt1yojgtIlt gt1 gt1lt1ltgt1+ +gt1ltgt1lt y gt1lt gt1lt gt1lt1lt gtlt1lt+ I 1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt gt1++O+gtIlty ~nrJIL[ 11 C

10 FOOT STUMP TIJ 70 IHCHES TOP D IB

EQUATION V = BO(Di~Bl)(HB2) LHIEPE

D=DIn~TER OUTSIDE BnRK nT 45 FEEl H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOArD FOOT VCiLUMES--STnTISTICAL ~ U r-111n F~

I I I I -- - I - I 1 1 1 1 I rnIIDfIPD I ~TIIIIDFIFD I I LJJ I FIE 1 AIC 1 I 1 I

H=TOTRl HEICHT

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DE I ATI 011 I (UJ LHIIT) I

I 204 I

DE I FIl I [111

( RErCEHT)

~2 ( 1

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PgtI+2

962

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TnBLE 7 GrOSS VOLUME TABLES FOr rEDWOOD TITI=II-II ~jIltiltIfIIltlt+AltIltjIltII1Iltjfjlt+V++hgtllt+Ijlt+f+j1lt+jltVgtf+fjltj++yengtf FIIHLE IZL 9DO

10 FOOT ~3TlHlr= TO 50] tICHE~3 TOP D I Ei

FeUrn] CHJ = BI] (lHB 1) (HKfB2) IHIErE

D=DIAMETLR OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IH FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BiJHFDFOOT VOLUMES--STHTISTICAL SUIlIlftl] ] 1-------- I I I 1 1 1 11 ~T(jHDIlfD I ~3T(III D FIr]) I I Uj I IIE I AGC I 1 1 ]] ])EI] AT 011 ] DEI AT] ON I RfK2 I B]n~= ] DE I D]FF ] B0 I 81 I 82 ]] (LH UII IT~) 1 ( FEF~CEtIT) I I I (PEfCEIITI I (1r~FIEljT) 1 I I 1] ] I 1 1-------- I -- shy on- - -- 1 ----- I 1 I

H=TOT(1L HEIGHT ] 2H 1 41D I 971 ] 1024 1 16800 ] --2 0~19 ] 1J3 j E - U3 I 0 21 [+0 1 I 1 1[-I U 1 T

] ]------- I -- --_- ] - - -- - ] - - - - ---- I ] [ --1-- I

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H=LOG HE]11-1-1 I 1 ] 1 I I I 12~EHIO] 1694E+0 11 1[516E+0 II] - _- - - -- I I 1 ]----- I 1 ] 1 I

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMFS--STATISTICAL SUr1f1HP(1 --- I 1 - 1 ] I---- ] 1-- ] 1

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I ~TAtmnPD I ~=TntjDnPD ] I UJ I FIiE I Her I I I I

H=TOTAL HEICHT ] 149 I 1609 I 979 1 1 011 I 11 709 I 25 I 903[-C3 I 1792E+0 1 I 121EIIJ 1 I1 1--------- I ] 1-------- I I - I T I

H=11EPCH HE 1CHT I 132 I 141( I 984 I 1009 I 10327 I 2603 I 5[10~JEm021 I596E+fl I 10CE+C11 J1 1---- I I I-- I 1 ] 1 1

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r r

l~BLE 9 cross VOLUME TRBLES FOR DOUGLRS FIR 11 r~1)- H

gtIlt+fgtt-++gtIltjlt+lctfgtjgtjjgtII++++IltffIltIIltf++YIltgtIlt -ltfllllLE~3I L no 10 FOOT Sl~MP TO 80 INCHES TOP D IB

EDURTIDrl 130(IlfgtfD I ) UIB2) IJHEPE

D=DIRM~TER OUTSIDE BRRK AT 45 FEET 11=HE ] CI-Ilshy ] 11 FEET DF~ tILlf1EiEf~~ DI L[lC~=---~=[E BELDLJ--

BorWD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL 3L1f--1rlAR ] 1 1---- I I 1---_----shy 1 1- 1 1 1 I

STANDARD 1 Sl~NDARD 1 DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2

1 LJJ I I B If1S I

rIF DE

I 1IGLi 1 DIFF

I 1 J ] I 80 I 81 1 82 1

I (Ul LlHIr) I (PERCErn) I 1 I (PERCEtIT) 1 (P[PCEtrn II I 1 1 1- I --- -- 1 1- ----shy ) 1 1 1

H=TOTf4L HEIGHT I 154 11670 1 967 1 1012 1 11681 1 -1153 I 1Opound9E-[12 I I 793E+0 II lCU9[+U 1 I 1 1 1shy ] 1 1------ I ----- - - - ---] shy - -I I ---

I-I=IIEFCH I-IEI CHr I ID 1 II 13 1 984 I 1006 1 E213 1 1 29~ilE-O 11 IJ2~IE+O II 11iEICilI1236

1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 --H=LOG I-IEICHT 1 1 1 1 1 I I 79CI2[HII] 1 152(jf~H] 1 1 II7[ICll1

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H=TOTIL H[IGHT I 13 I 1 14[15 I 971 I 1009 1 9t19 1 - R3C I I [l4l--0I I 703EH] II 1379E+0 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I 1 - 1

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w~~~~-~~~~~~ r--

T ~

QDfshy -- crf-W = lt=I U CO Z~il IIgt W r- r i-WCL U~ lt= ~

~~-~~-~

J 1 z U~Ilt=Dishylil~~ 1 ~I G i- z (1 pjI lt=II gtI z ~I IIgtZII-LU I cn lt= -

I

Ishyr fJ -- ishy

lJJ LJ r

-shyI I- D iJ D I- L- II II II

r r r

~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~

~

~

-

LlJ I

--

~ ~ shy H

~

-~ ~

-- H c--shy

c-

shy -~ ~ ~~ -~~~~ HH~iHH_~~

+

i --

C i cr

- i

~~~~shy -~ ~ H

- 0~

-= C- LL w Lj

c -

0 0

CTi

lt-f ILshy

~ shy

LL W

-

G -10

-shy

- - - iT

w~ j iLL LL n cr

= -S2

LL = shyi

LL ~

- I - 2

u~ +

~2shy

-LL LL

~

L

DCP LL CC rshy

~

C--2W I H

HH~_~_~shy

(C LJ i~i

un U~ c ~- H

LL+W G

- U~ Cj - -shy ~ - C ~ r~i

L ~~ = shy - ~ ~ -~ u l--

LlJ - - W

w r 9i

---CL

- --li

-1+ 22J~~ ~~~~~

- - shygt + C shy -

~ - -- - -

- -

i- ~ -shy -shy

CL ~ J gt

--3 7-

J ~shy ~~~~~ - -shy --

-shy

c D -

+LL ~+

~ ~ -

f-LL I 2

~j c

i

D-

C C JW = ~c

~ ~ LL c ---~ - r- cc - -

~~~_H~~H

- - ~

r--LLL u -shy -

~~~~~~~

QS~-

Ci shy

-- U - +

J ---

LL-1 ~ A -

fshy -shy

- -LlJ -

shy~

J

I u jshy -i- ishy

u II

D

- ~ ~ - shy~~~--

-~lJJ w

- - C

-- - cj

~~ ~ ~ ~ shy

~ +LL uJ -shy

-- OJ shy

~ ~

~~~-~ ~--~--C2

ilJ LiJ lJJ-G rshyiei-

lJJ OJ CO -

OJ u~ cr

- - i-- -shyiJ7ishy ~ ~ ~ ~

-

-C- if-i fshy

~ lJJcn ~ co

L7 CJiJLiJ - l iJ lJJlJJ tJ

LLJ~ ~- CJ -- -J - 15 iJU

IS - Q~T ~ c - C =wshy -C- --- w - - -- U~

~ gt- = - IT - shy- - shy~ -

i- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ iI ~ iJf- C] i

ii ~ ii u JI iJ7i-LiJ ~ ~ - r- i II - ~ - - gt- i f~ -

-

G -~ i-

f- ~ lJJuJ f- ~~(J -

c

wi- f-~ c C) IS Q iI Q Q

lJJD LiJ i

OJ - gt- fshyT~ ~ ~f- I

_~i lJJ= In ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ r- -- cn~~~~~ U~~~~

- iJ

-~ V c- - cr - I

--C~ ~ ----

C] = I

w gt- G e J-IS f- gt- OJ G~ cc - - ~

- -

-i

-~~~~shy~LiJ~ef- gtshy

-7-0 f- -- j -i -- uJ Ci]

ilS ec ~ c

~f-

7- --i - -

LJJ - -- Q ~

lJJ IS

Gcc ~~-~shyf-

f- -[L ~

[shy~ -

3c~-

-- gt- j

-~ -

Q ISshyiJ~ ~

i-- r- -- Cf

Q = =-IS-gtshy

~ shy

f- fshy

--shyu

w lJJ

-J -- --

r- ~- shy

F -d J

IiI

----~_r-~shy~ - - i = I i C i

-- [

-

D ~i~- shy

- ~- r- r-shy ~ shy - ~ ~ shy - -~ ~ - ~

--- ~

-

=shy- - W

shy ishy

r

~-~-shy ----~ ~ --

shy

Cj

SJ +

W shycr CT i- -- -

~

0 D -Lu

~--~~-shy-

J

- ~shy

[shy

W C -- r-

-In cr u cI

Lu W D [ Cj C co U

----

-~----

LL

L1 u -

= ~ QJ

LU U~ U ) LL = cshy

-

)LLW) LL ~

~ - -Q

shycr r~

J C shy-

Q

~ ~ - ~ LL CC r-

LL u

wi LL -

shyf-2W un --shy

-

---i

j C[ WI -~-LL LL

- - --~

W+ =shy W

-

T-

- U~

Q-W J ~ shy~ cshy

~G~- LL LL

-cshy 5~= I

fshy-shy

-CL

c co shy

] U~

U~_---------shy 2

Ck =CT

c -

- ~ rshy rshy

~Gamp

f = -

0-

~

c c

- -----------~ W ) LL

- -- +

shy-shy

cshy

shy

= W - ~ W-

LL

~ -shy _LL ~ -

- Cj

shy ~

J---~ ~-shy--

c T

crCC

shy - -Qshy

shy - shy - - v

CCD

= =~=LL LL

shy

~--~--~-~-shy== C~

- = cshy~shy

Cj

D [-

LL gt1- c shy ~

shy L - U shy shy -~ --

I-shy cshy-CJ -

Lu I

)U I

Lu-- -U iL 1

f-LlJ

- iitI

I-- I

TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

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Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

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C

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Q LLlC JLL

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rr

Cj

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I

co

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In

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C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

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CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

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CQ f

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cr co

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flt1 co

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shyr

r U~ co f

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coco

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= co

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ill

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fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

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d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

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ill

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0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

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- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

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- 5 shy

b Trees were not selected in stands composed of resishydual old growth or in stands where there was evishydence that the trees present developed as an undersshytory of old-growth stands

c Trees were not selected if they were severelysuppressed had broken tops or possessed otherabnormalities that would make them unlikely candishydates as crop trees in managed young growth stands

B Palley Data

The majority of trees used by Palley (1959 1961) for the previous redwood volume tables were retained after screening for this study These trees were fall buck and scale (FBS) data Measurements included DBH total height

stump height and diameter and inside and ou~side bark diamshyeters on each 16-foot log

C USDA - -shy1900 Data

The United States Department of Agriculture carried outa comprehensive stem analysis project on young growth redshywood sprouts around 1900 Sampling was performed in secondgrowth stands in Del Norte Humboldt and northern Mendocinocounties The records of over 1000 trees are on file at theUniversity Approximately 200 dominant intermediate andcodominant tree records were utilized in the present study

D Cooperator Data

Simpson Timber Company and Georgia Pacific Corporationof the Redwood Research Cooperative donated the FBS recordsof several hundred trees for use in this study

Appendix B contains a breakdown of the numbers of treesby diameter and height classes for each species group Alsoincluded are tables showing average form class by diameterand total height

IV SECONDARY RELATIONSHIPS

The basic set of measurements on each tree needed forvolume and taper analysis consists of a sequential series ofinside bark diameters and log lengths from a specified stump height to the tree tip As the available data had been colshylected by a variety of field procedures it was necessary to develop several estimators to make minor adjustments on the measurements of some trees so the entire data set would bein a compatible form

-------------------------------------------------------

- 6 -

A Stump Diameter Estimators

In situations where the actual stump height was notcoincident with nominal stump height used in this study thefollowing nonlinear model was used to estimate the stumpdiameter inside bark (d )s

d = (1 - bOX)(DIA)exp(b 1(h - Sraquo (1)s 1 1

where DIA is the measured diameter inside or outside barkat a height h X is an indicator variable equal to 0if DIA is insiae bark and 1 if it is outside bark Coefshyficient estimates and a statistical summary are shown inTable 1

An approximately equal number of inside and outsidebark measurements were used as observations h ranged from5 to 45 feet Extrapolation outside these limits is notrecommended It should be noted that this model assumesbark ratios remain constant over short bole segments Assufficient data were unavailable for other whitewoods Dougshylas fir coefficients were used for this species group also

Table 1

Coefficient estimates by species for the stump diameter model

Species b b1 R2 S Sample Size~ ~~~------------

Douglas Fir 097 038 95 176 403Redwood 153 035 97 148 591

B Bark Ratio at Breast Height Estimators

Bark ratios (b ) were estimated with the followingmodel r

dbh = (br)(DBH) (2)

Estimates and a statisticalsummary are shown in Table 2

-----------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------

- 7 -

Table 2

Bark ratio estimates and statistical summary

Species br R2 Sample Size

Redwood 85 98 688Douglas Fir 91 99 362Whitewoods 95 99 160

C Stump Height Estimators

In situations where stump height is unknown but stumpdiameter inside bark (d ) and another diameter (DIAi) at aknown height (h) has bee~ measured solving equation (3)for S provide~ a logical form for a nonlinear stump heightestimator

S = C 1[ln(d ) - In(1-cOX) - In(DIA)] + h (3 )s I I

All variable definitions in this model are the same as in

equation 1 The coefficients (cOc1) could be numericallyderived from band b in equation 1 If there was no stashytistical erroP How~ver the coefficients because of thiserror were reestimated by nonlinear least squares and areshown in Table 3

Table 3

Coefficient estimates and statistical summaryfor the stump height model

Species c C1 R2 S (feet) Sample Size~ y~~---------------------

Redwood 308 -1688 93 11 571Douglas Fir 206 -2020 91 13 403

D Tip Estimators

In situationswhere the length of the tree stem fromthe last buck to the tree tip is not measuredit can beestimatedwith the models

TIP = bO(d)b1

(DBH)b2

(4)I I

or

b1 b2 TIPi = bO(Di) (DBH) (5 )

-------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------

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bole from the knownwhere TIPi is the length of the treediameter d or D to the tree top1 1

Tables 4 and 5 give coefficient estimates and a statisticalsummary The sample basis used in developing these equashytions did not utilize top diameters in excess of 14 inches

Table 4

Tip model -- diameter inside bark (d) coefficients and summary 1

---~~~ ~~ ~l ~~---~~~~-~~~-~~_~~~__-Redwood 81 105 -27 752 80 601Douglas Fir 739 103 -24 425 78 143

Table 5

Tip model -- diameter outside bark (D)coefficients and summary 1

Species b b1 b S R2 Sample Size

~ 2 ~~~-------------------Redwood 67 108 -26 698 82 619 Douglas Fir 68 99 -19 394 79 161

E Bark Taper Estimators

Dendrometry measurements were converted to outside barkmeasurements at various heights on standing trees To conshyvert these measurements to diameters inside bark a barktaper model was developed

Douglas fir

There was not enough data available in the sample setto estimate coefficients in a bark taper model for Douglasfir Consequently the model developed by Johnson (1966)for Douglas fir in the Pacific Northwest was considered thenext best alternative This model is

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dD = 559 + 00006h + 203(DDBH) (6 ) I I I I

- 1542(DDBH)2 + 3413 (d D )I s s

This model was also used for other whitewoods

Redwood

Three observations each consisting of height from the ground (h) diameter inside bark (d) and outside bark (D) at rsectndomly selected points on 172 fedwood trees were us~d to develop a redwood bark taper model The following model fitted by nonlinear least squares was found to give the best statistical fit as well as providing a logical and consistent functional form

diDi = dbhDBH + 38(1-dbhDBH)x (7)

(1 -exp(-06(h I - 45raquo)

Total Observations = 521

R2 = 12

Syx = 035

Both coefficients and the overall model were statistically significant at the 01 level The low precision is partly due to measurements being rounded to the nearest tenth inch and the form of the independent variable (dD) Premultishyplying bot~ sides of the expression by D afld fefitting proshyduced an R value of 93 without any real increase in explashynatory power

V Volume Equations

The volume equations developed for each species group in this study are of two general types

Type 1 V = f(DBHH)

Type Q V = f(DBHHGF)

For T~ch equation type and species group twenty-fourequations were estimated by using combinations of the folshylowing items

1 The specIfIcatIons used here for the volume equashytions are those recommended by the Advisory Panel of the Redwood Yield Cooperative

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were used1 Volume types - two volume def~itions

Scribner board foot and cubic feet

2 Height - three definitions of height were used total

height (Ht) merchantable height (Hm) and log height(HI)

3 Merchantable top - volumes were computed to four insidebark top diameter limits -- 8 7 6 and 5 inches

A Scaling Procedures

Volumes for each tree were computed from stump heightto the merchantable top limit As the actual measurementson each tree were not all at even log multiples some meansof interpolation was necessary The best procedure wasfound to be fitting a system of several third order polynoshymials to the actual measurements on each tree (see Akima1970) The basic result of this process was to provide thenumerical equivalent of a free-hand curve drawn through thestem profile conditioned to pass through every measuredpoint This equation system was then utilized to buck thetrees into standard lengths and produce interpolated diameshyters

B Board foot scale

Board foot scale was based on a 10 foot stump heighta nominal log length of 16 feet and a trim allowance of 3

feet Board foot volumes of each log were computed by thefollowing equation (Bruce and Schumacher 1950)

BV = 79(DIA)2 - 2DIA - 4

where DIA is the diameter inside bark at the small end ofthe log

Based on general scaling practices in the region thefollowing procedure was used when the top log was not aneven multiple of 163 feet If the length was less than 8feet the piece was appended to the next lower log which wassubsequently scaled as a long log If it was between 8and 163 feet the piece was appended to the next lower logwhich was subsequentlysplit in half and scaled as twoshort logs

It should be noted that largelydue to the viscissishytudes of the Scribner log rule reducing the top merchantashybility diameter frequently resulted in an overall decreasein the board foot scale for specific trees While no formal

2 Volumes ln CUblC meters are obtained using the cubicfoot equations and metric conversion factors See secshytion VF on metric units

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analysis was performed the general impression gained curingdata analysis was that a top diameter of 6 to 7 inches wouldproduce the maximum overall board foot scale obtainable withthe scaling procedures employed in this study

An end result of this phenomena is that the volumeequations developed in this report are not guaranteed toestimate more board foot volume as the merchantable topdiameter decreases particularly since this is not what hapshypens in practice

C Cubic foot scale

The local taper equation developed for each tree wasused to estimate inside bark diameters at one foot intervalsfrom the stump to the merchantable top Smalians formulawas applied to each one foot segment to compute volumes

D Functional Relationships and Statistical Procedures

The functional form of the volume equations fitted were

b bType 1 V = bo(DBH) 1H 2

b b bType 2 V = b (DBH) 1H 2GF 3

0

For each volume equation case data were transformed bytaking natural logarithms and parameters were subsequentlyestimated by linear least squares regression The constantterm (b) was exponentiated to convert the equation to thenatural Humber scale A synopsis and statistical summaryfor each fitted equation is displayed in Appendix A

Experience has shown that fitting volume equations bythe logarithmic procedure provides consistent and logicalestimators as well as satisfying the usual assumptions ofregression (see Wensel 1973) The major objection is thata negative bias is introduced by this procedure and volumeestimates should be multiplied by a correction factor toprovide theoretically consistent estimates This factoris equal to

exp (5MSE)

where MSE is the mean squared residual of the respectivevolume equation in logarithmic units (Baskerville 1972)This factor (2 to 2 percent) is usually much smaller thanthe statistical error (6 to 22 percent) of the volume equashytions and for most purposes can be ignored These bias corrections are also shown in Appendix A

- 12 -

E Reliability and Adjustments to Local Conditions

The volume tables essentially give average volumesfor trees of a given DBH and height These volumes are subshyject to two sources of statistical error when used for anindividual tree (1) an error associated with estimatingthe true population volume relationship from samplesThis source of error can be reduced by taking more samples(2) An error associatedwith random deviations about thetrue populationvolume relationship This source of errormay be reduced by adding additional explanatory variables(eg form class)

As with all regional volume tables there is a possishybility that stands of trees in specific localities maydepart from the general relationships shown in these tablesAlso where scaling practices differ from the ones used inthis study an additional source of bias may be introducedHence field checks should be made before local use

The followingproceduresare suggested to check theaccuracy of volume tables at the 95 probability level

1 Specify the accuracy level desired for the estimateof tree volume on the average for the stand beingsampled

2 Determine from Table 6 the number of sample treesrequired Sample sizes were computed with the aidof the well known sample size formula

n = t2(CV)2A2

where

n = number of sample trees

t = students t value corresponding to the numberof sample trees and the confidence level being used

CV = coefficient of variation expressed as a decimal

A = accuracy level expressed as a decimal

-------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------

- 13 -

Table 6

Sample trees required for 95 confidence intervalsof various levels of accuracy for tree volumes

Accuracy () Cubic Feet Foard Feet

10 9 168 14 256 25 444 56 1002 225 400

Assumed Coefficient 15 20of Variation ()

3 Once the sample size is chosen trees should beselected for volume measurement that are representashytive of the trees for which volume estimates aredesired Each sample tree is measured for DBBtotal height and volume Volume can be obtainedwith a Relaskop dendrometer or by scaling felledtrees Volumes of sample trees should be determinedby the same procedures used in actual scaling operashytions

4 Compute the percent difference between the measuredvolumes and those estimated by the volume tables foreach sample tree Then compute the average percentdifference for all sample trees

5 If the absolute value of the average percent differshyence ii is less than the accuracy level use thetables without adjustment

6 If the Pi is greater than the accuracy level andthere are no trends in the percent deviations oversize classes multiply estimated volumes by the facshytor

F = (1+P100)

7 Percent deviations sometimes show trends with

estimated volume or DBH in which case regressionadjustments may be utilized For example if thepercentage volume deviation of the sawple varieswith DBH in a linear fashion the following correcshytion factor may be used

F = [1+(P+b(D-D))1CO]D 11

where

- 14 -

F = correction factor for a tree of D inchesD 1

1 15 = average DBH of volume sample trees

b = regression constant computed from the volume sample

2P D - nPD = J J

2D2 - n1521

n = number of sample trees

P = Percent deviation of the jth tree in the J volume sample

D = DBH of the jth tree in the volume sampleJ

If more refined estimates or different confidence levels are desired coefficients of variation derived from Appendix A for each species-volume group can be utilized in conjunction with the famishyliar sample size formula

8 As an example suppose 8 percent accuracy levels were desired at the 95 percent probability level A redwood cubic volume check yielded the followingdata

Total Volumes from Volumes Percent Sample Tree DBH Height Tables Scaled Difference

No (inches) (feet) (cubic feet) (cubic feet) (percent)

1 12 60 14 148 +57 2 12 70 16 17 1 +68 3 12 90 21 228 +48 4 18 90 46 494 +74 5 20 130 82 883 +75 6 22 110 84 917 +92 7 28 100 123 1342 +9 1 8 28 130 160 1755 +97 9 30 120 169 1859 100

10 34 130 234 2604 113 11 36 130 262 2908 110 12 36 140 282 3144 115 13 44 160 477 5380 128 14 44 160 477 5409 134

Averages 2686 +93

- 15 -

In this exampleP = 93 is greater than the 8 per~cent accuracy requirement and may be used to computethe correction factor

F = 1 + 93100 = 1093

There is also a trend in the percentage differencewhich increases with DBH In this case a regresshysion correction factor that varies with DBH will bemore precise The regression coefficient b for

the correction factor FD is computed as1

b = [(57)(12) + (68)(12) + (134)(44) - 14 (93)(2686)][122 + 122 + 442 - 14(2686)2]

= 0227

The correction is then

FD = 1 + (93 + 227 (D- 268))100]i 1

= 1093+00227(D-268)1

For a 44 inch tree the volume estimate from thetable would be adjusted upward by the factor

F44 = 1093+00227(44-268)

= 1132

Adjusted Volume = 1132 x 477 = 540 cubic feet

F Metric Units

Each of the equations presented in this report presumesthat English units are being used In the case where metricunits are used for one or more of the measurements thevolume equations are altered as follows

- 16 -

Measurement Units VolumeDBH Height Desired Conversion(C)

inches feet (feet)-J none

inches feet (meters)shyc3

cm meters (feet)3 (c1-b1)(c2-b2)

cm meters (meters)3(c1-b1) (c2 -b2)c3

Hhere c1 = 254 inchescm

c2 = 03048 ftmeter

c3 = 00283168 m3ft3

b1 b2 = coefficients of the volume equation used

These conversion factors can be used in several HaysFirst if desired measurements of D and H can be converted

using the terms c1 and c2 respectively Alternatively theappropriate composite conversions C can be used to convertthe final volume Desired volume is obtained by multiplyingthe calculated volume from the volume equation times theappropriate conversion factor above

VI CONIFER TAPER MODELS

Taper models estimate diameter inside bark at variousheights on tree boles when only DBH and some measure of treeheight are observed Taper models are used for two princishyple purposes

1 Estimation of the dimensions of upper stem portionsfor defect adjustment in cruising

2 Estimation of the log size mix potentially availablefrom standing trees

A Model Criteria

Taper models are conventionally required to haveseveral properties

1 If total height is an access variable the modelshould predict a diameter inside bark of a at thetree tip Similarly if merchantable height is usedthe equation should predict the top merchantableinside bark diameter at the merchantable height

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2 Predictions of stump or hreast high diameters shouldequal actual measurements at these points Whilethese values are not conventionally recorded in thefield the taper model should be structured sopredicted inside bark diameters can be forcedthrough logical values of these points if necessary

3 Predictions derived from these equations should bealways positive always decrease with increases inbole height and be relatively unbiased at variouspoints on the tree bole

B ~odel Development

Experimentation with several possible functional formsled to the following model which is based on the modifiedinverse of a general sigmoidal equation This model was found form

to satisfy the previous criteria and has the general

d = c D - Df ln[1-Rc1

(1-exp(c f1 - d ~f )))J1 0 1 ~ 0 m~ 1

Where

di = dib in inches at a point lilon the tree bole

D = DBH

h = height in feet from ground to a point i on the tree1 bole

H = general measure of tree height in feet

R = (h-1)(H-1)1

d = merchantable top diameter inside bark correspondingm to the point where h1 = H

f1 = c2 + c3D + c4H

c1 = parameters estimated by regression methods

This model is conditioned so that the predicted diameshyter inside bark will equal a when h = H If H is totalheight d is 0 and the predicted diameter will be a at thetree tip~ Similarly if H is the height to a merchantabletop of say 50 inches d is 50 inches and the predictionwill be conditioned to mpredict 50 inches dib when hi =H

Six taper equations were developed with H being definedas height from the ground to an 85 and C inch (tree tip)

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top dib for redwood and Douglas fir The models werefitted by nonlinear least squares Two to three samplepoints on suitable trees used in the previously desoribedvolume analysis were randomly chosen for equation fittingCoefficient estimates and a statistical summary are shown inTable 7

C Podel Interpretation and Discussion

The coefficient c is interpreted as the ratio ofdib at a 10 foot ~tump to DBH The fitted coefficientswere almost numerically equal to simple ratio estimatorsbased on the same data set so constraining the model was not

considered necessary The term f1 for the taper modelswere chosen after considerable experimentation in attemptsto account for general differences in taper between trees indifferent diameter and height classes Table 8 gives avershyage bias (average difference between actual and predictedvalues) by relative height for all six taper equations Ingeneral these biases are small and quite acceptable for thegeneral level of precision usually required in estimatingupper bole diameters

Table 7

Taper Podel Coefficients and Statistical Summary

REmJOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Merchantable Tops

00 50 80 00 50 80

c 955 956 955 1008 1016 1 0240

387 346 326 415 320 276c1

-362 -247 -211 -275 -169 -142c2

-00581 -00666 -00542 -00770 -00539 -00364c3

00122 00116 000847 000640 000178 000108c4

R2 902 962 967 974 978 975

S 128 119 114 97 81 82yx

SampleCJlze 1238 1217 1164 671 631 574

--

- 19 -

Table 8

Bias of conifer taper equations at various pointon the sample tree boles

REDWOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Equation top diameter Equation top diameter

00 50 80 00 50 80

Bias in Inches

Stump 13 01 -03 22 10 03

DBH -16 01 09 - 15 -03 05

-22 -20 -22 -20 -10 -10h17

30 17 03 25 07 10h33

30 -04 07 35 17 05h5

-06 -03 08 1 1 - 14 -00h67

-34 06 26 -54 -04 00hS5

top 00 00 00 00 00 00

h xx refers to a bole height equal to xx of total height

Positive table values indicate predictions are low

VII VOLUME EQUATION VERSUS TAPER BASED VOLUME ESTIMATES

The coefficients in Appendix A can be used to estimategross volume directly in standing trees The taper equashytions can also be used to obtain indirect estimates of grossvolume Essentially the taper equation is used to estimateinside bark diameters at the places on the tree bole whereit is to be bucked into lengths These lengths are thenscaled using predicted inside bark diameters and summed toestimate total volume Mathematical integration of thetaper function is impossible so this numerical technique isrequired

It should be emphasized that the taper equations weredeveloped to predict inside bark bole diameters not tree

- 20 shy

volume Hence their adequacy in volume estimation cannotbe judged by conventional statistics Regardless the folshylowing ad hoc comparisons were made

A Comparisons

Diameters total heights and scaled cubic volumes to afive inch top of the trees used in the taper analysis wereutilized for comparative purposes The coefficients fromthe appropriate total height-DEH cubic volume equation wereused to directly predict volumes to a five inch top forthese trees The total height taper equations (H isdefined as total height) have the greatest standard deviashytions and range in bias Consequently they were used forcomparative purposes as a measure of the worst that could bedone using taper equations to obtain volume estimatesThese taper equations were used to predict inside bark diamshyeters at one foot intervals on each tree from the stump to afive inch top Smalians formula was then used to computevolume of each segment which were then summed to give anindirect estimate of cubic volume The following statisticswere then computed for both redwood and Douglas fir

1 Aggregate percentage difference

2 Average percentage difference

3 Root mean square percent deviation (RMSPD) computedas

1

RMSPD = (Z((y - y)y)2n)21 1 1

where

y = volume estimated b~hvolume equation or taper 1 equation for the i sample tree

y1 = actual scaled volume of the ith sample tree

n = number of sample trees

These values are shown in Table 9 and are essentially a measure of how close predicted volumes are to actual scaled tree volumes used in the basic analysis As indicators of lack of bias average and aggregate percent differences should be close to zero The RMSPD value is essentially an approximation to the standard deviation expressed as a pershycent Comparisons of these values for the taper equation with those of the volume equation provides a measure of relative efficiency Judging from table 9 there appears to be no bias in volume prediction from the taper equations

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and RMSPD values are almost identical

Table 9

Comparative statistics for judging differences between volume equation and taper equation based volume estimates

Redwood Douglas fir

Average Aggregate RMSPD Average Aggregate RMSPD difference difference difference difference

---per cent---

Volume -8 8 153 1 -12 11 5 equation

Taper -2 19 15 1 2 11 112 equation

Positive percent differences indicate that the estimators are low compared to actual volumes

To provide a measure of relative compatability between volume equations and taper-based volume estimates ratios of estimates produced by both methods are shown for diameter and height classes of trees used in the taper analysis in tables 10 and 11 Except at the edges of the data set there is remarkable agreement between the estimators considshyering no attempt was made to condition the taper equations

B Evaluation

In the course of this taper analysis several items were noted which are possible areas for refinement

1 The taper equations are overall slightly low judging by the aggregate difference This is probshyably due to estimating dib rather than dib squared which is proportional to volume It is well known that the squared average of a sample is less than the average squared value unless all of the diameters are the same

2 The rather simple expression of the term f in the equation may not be totally adequate for describing taper differences between trees of different DBH and height

--

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3 The increases with height in the ratios of volume equations to taper based estimates is largely due tothe data set being used No significant trendsindicating a lack of fit were detected in a comparishyson of both volume equations and taper estimateswith actual scaled volumes For Douglas fir thedifference is more pronounced and apparently due toa small and somewhat lopsided distribution of thesample trees

We encourage the cooperators to review these taperequations prior to final publication

In summary volume equations produce simple and effishycient estimates of gro~s tree volume However taper equashytions can be used to produce similar estimates although theyare somewhat cumbersome Taper equations are necessary whenvolumes by logs in individual trees are desired

VIII VOLUME TABLES

While the volume equations presented rere are very useshyful for incorporation into inventory analysis programs many foresters will want some of these volume equations turned into table form The combinationsof speciesgroups (3) equation types (2) measurement units (3) and top diameters (4) would require 72 individual volume tables Wben one considers the possible range of form classes of interest the number of possible tables is even more formidable Since any individual would only be interested in a few of these tables no attempt is being made to publish all ofthese tables

However in Appendix C 50 inch merchantable top boardfoot cubic foot and cubic meter tables are given for eachof the two species Redwood and Douglas fir by DBH andtotal height A listing of the computer program used toproduce these tables is available from the authors

TABLE 10 Redwood -- Rat~os of volume equationto taper based estima s of cubic volume froma 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH andHeight classes of trees used in taper analysis

I D8H I

I I 1[I 20 30 -10 50 lr3

TOTAL HEI GHT

70 80 9~3

(FEET)

100 110 120 1313 140 150 160 1E1 1813 190 200

101 12 I I [ 16 I

109 102

97 105 107 101 101

1( 97

108 103

99

112 106 1 D3 103 1 1211 101

107 103 1 [11

102 1 ~j1 1 [10 1 DE1

11 I

1] I

2gt I 24 I i6 I

94

9)

1(

96

99 100

9 99

~H 99

97 93

97 99

100 100 100 99 1 [113 1[10 100 9~1 98

99 100 100 99 99

99 1 O~J 1 (10 1 CH] 99

99 100 100 100 11]0

S18

97

9B

99 9E1

96

97 97

94

2 I 30 I 32 I 34 I 31 I

9B 99

IDO 100

113D 100 1 Em 101 1 cn 1 [11 101 1~j2

1 (C

1 [11 1 [11 101 101 102 102 11212 103 103 103

100 101 102 102 103

100 100 1 I] 1 102 103

SI9 SIE

10D ~)9 1 [11 1 [1[1 101101 102 102

97

98

99 97

1 [I1

E I 40 I Q I 44 I ill I

1 05

106

1 04 1 04 1 03

106 1 07

105 106 106

1 O 1 pound11 1 03 103 104 104

1 r~16

1 00 101 101 1D4 1 D5

4 i[I 32 I 56

I ] ] I I

108 1 Ot

1[17

110 106

5= I 60 I

TABLE 11 Douglas fir Ratios of volume equation to taper based estimates of cubic volume from a 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH and Height classes of trees used in taper analysis

--

I DEH I

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60 7t3

TlJTRL HE IcHT

BO 90

(FEET)

100 110 120

-----------------------------------------------

130 140 150 160 170 181] 196 2130

1j I 12 I 11 I 11 I

86 95 99

n 99 95 92

99

94

1 04 102

97

106 103 1DO

105 1 D1

1 me 103 106

13 I 20 I 2 I 4 I ~C I

9D 93 92 ~30

17 1 00

96 9C

95 97

93 96

93 9)

1 01 1 00

99

9B

97

1 E14 1 05 102 103 101 102 100 1 [12

99 101

104 104 104 1135

1 04

1 1217

106 106

I 30 I 3 I 3[ I C I

-deg 94 97

99 1 00 1 00

99 100

1 04 102 1 I) 1 ll4 101 102

1 0~5 1 06 1 04 1 (16 11215 104 106

1 139 1m

3 I lD I 4 I 44 I 4C I

1 EJ3 104

104

106

4 I 5U I 52 I ~l I 1 I

1 07

5 T CO I

- 23 -

Literature Cited

Akima Hiroshi 1970 A new method of interpolation and smooth curve

fitting based on local procedures ESSA Research Laboratories Boulder Colorado

Baskerville GL1972 Use of logarithmic regression in the estimation

of plant biomass Can J For Res 2(1)49shy53

Bruce Donald Schumacher Francis Y1950 Forest mensuration 3ded xvii 483p

Johnson Floyd A1966 Bark factors for Douglas fir USDA Forest

Servo Res Paper PNW - 34 Pacific NorthwestFor and Rng Exp Sta Portland Ore 3p

Palley Marshall N1959 Board foot volume tables for young growth coashy

stal Redwood California Forestry and ForestProducts No 11 California AgriculturalExpt Station Berkeley California 5p

Wensel Lee C1971 Tree volume equations from measurements taken

with a Barr and Stroud optical dendrometerHilgardia 41(4)55-64

- 24 -

Appendix

CONIFER TREE VOLU~E EQUATIONS

This appendix contains tables of statistical summariesand coefficient estimates of conifer tree volume equationsEach table has six equation summaries three board foot andthree cubic foot each accessed by total height merchantableheight or height in 163 foot logs Stump height isassumed to be one foot and board foot volumes are based onScribner scale with a nominal scaling length of 16 feet witha 3 foot trim allowance Top diameters vary with eachtable Table A1 provides a quick reference guide to tablespecifications

(1) Types of Equations

Equations are of two types

a) D-H Diameter-height equationsb) D-H-GF Diameter-height-form class equations

The form of diameter height equations is indicated

in Fortran notation as

v = BO(DB1)(HB2)

which in regular mathematical notation isb b

V = b D 1H 20

Similarly the form class equations are in Fortrannotation

V = BO(DB1)(HB2)(GFBS)

which in standard notation is equivalent to

b b b V = b 0D 1H 2GF 3

- 25 shy

(2) Exponential Notation

The coefficient estimates are given to 4 signishyficant digits in exponential notation As examples

5639E-03 = 5639x10-3 = 0005639

25639E+02= 5639x10 = 5639

(3) Standard Deviations

a) Logarithmic (LN UNITS) - Standard deviations ofresiduals are reported in natural logarithmic (baseIe) units

b) Normal Units (PERCENT) - Standard deviations arealso reported as a percentage of predicted volumesThis value is also the coefficient of variation

(4) Adjustment for Logarithmic Bias (LN BIAS)

This value is a multiplicative adjustment usushyally negligable that can be used to correct thevolume equations for any inherent bias resulting from the logarithmic transformations in the equation fitting process

(5) Percent Average Deviation (AVE DEV PERCENT)

This value is the average percent deviation ofactual versus predicted values of the sample used infitting the respective equation

(6) Percent Aggregate Difference (AGG DIFF PERCENT)

This value is the percent difference of thetotal actual volume of sample trees versuspredicted Negative values indicate the equationsare low positive values indicate the equations arehigh

---------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------

- 26 -

Quick Reference

TABLE A1

Guide to Conifer Volume Equations

Table No Species Top

Volume

dLb

to

(inches) Equation Type

1 Redwood 8 2 Redwood 8 3 Redwood 7 4 Redwood 7 5 Redwood 6 6 Redwood 6 7 Redwood 5 8 Redwood 5 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas FirWhitewoods

8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 8

18 Whitewoods 8 19 Whitewoods 7 20 Whitewoods 7 21 Whitewoods 6 22 Whitewoods 6 23 Whitewoods 5 24 Whitewoods 5

D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF

T(jDLE 1 GFDS=vCiLUr-IE T(iEIU~ FOP REDLJDDD TPE ~D--H +++gt1lt++gtltfgtIltgtIlt+lt++ ltltlt1ltgt1lt+++gt1gt1laquo1+ltIlt+-JltgtIlt+lgtflt1ltf lt1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt (lII[LI= 17F EI47

10 FDCT STU~PTD 8D IHCHES TDR DIB

EOUATIDH Y = BOID~Dl) II-1B2) IJII[rE

D=DIAM[T[F DUTSIDE BRPK RT 45 FEI=1

H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE DELDW--

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10 FOOT STUMP TIJ 70 IHCHES TOP D IB

EQUATION V = BO(Di~Bl)(HB2) LHIEPE

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I ~~-~shy

-

- ~

- - T lL w

1 -

~--~~~-~~-~ ~ shy ~ H ~ ~

= I

gt-shy

c

-

~~--~~~~~

i - ~ ~D

~~~~~~

~ I c w w

-c

= ~ iT

co s I- -

Cj Cj ~

3

C

L

U~

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--

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shy 2 wJ = ~ ~ ~shyf- T gt-i

L1J U~I wJ - LL Ishy i

L1J lt I in W I

CQ

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CL ~ - u

w

D i

co in

H wJ

-

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U - c-C LL+i-

UJ 7 UJ Wc-W-

C COT -

W -uw I w U~I

Sf

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Cj

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S~Ef- i==

U~~~gt--~-~~

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gt-shy

CD -

~ [ -

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-~u

~ ill -

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~ - == II shy

w+shy

- ~~~ gt--W I iL - -c=- -

-LL

f- gt-shy gt-shy~

u c _I

~ - -

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c c~~gt--~~~~~~~~

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cishygt-shy

i- W ltc ~- J_ [r

~ - gt-- ID

W CL 1- Q -

~ ~ gt-shy ~ H~~H~

C 1- - C i- I ugt--~ -- shy ~

- i Cj tS1 i

lt2 = --- ~

shy --1- W- - shy

~ ~ ~~

ishy

u - --L II

shy-

-shyw

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1shy I 0 W 0 ishy gt-shy -1 Ii II II

I I I

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shy-

~~~~--~ __~H~~

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_H~_H - - - ~ ___HHH C]

- i +

JJ W W= 0 -shy - co

co i= I 0 h-In

w [~

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- I- w= ~ LL

3it (j -I ] 0ti=G

~ 0 = ~

lJJ gt-ltLL -1 = ~ CW

LL ~ CL CTD = ~

--7 - i ~t~ --QC co H - ~~ I H

ij ([ w - T - == -1 W+W sect = shy

---gt ~ - - T - CI LW 7

- -- u 5GG5GC shy-L 7c en -- Q 0--7~ - U~ = C7 w co

w ~ CJ ~D - CL ~- I

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D II

-- U~ C] o~ L - - --

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I~ + - = ~ pgt ~~~_~H~~--~

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w+ - = -- 0~

-1~ W - cCJ7c D-- CO~~~__~H___~ -

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gGl~ 0 C

en ~

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I = ~ cshy_H -W-1U~ -

~__HHshy

r-- ishy

~ Uj

lJJ i M

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-~-~-~-~~

i-

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iJJ -

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i - - i- - 3

c WW = =

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h -- -

u~ -

=

w

--

u -rshyJJ shy

-~-~~ ~ ~ ~ ~

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co

i-

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lt-lt ~

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C7 - - i-+~

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pishy-- c -

c t-C~ Cc shy -shy

u+lt-shy7c

+shy-

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3

LJ

6

shy

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L

Lc U LJ - LLDtshy

~ -shyfJ

ishy rshy -

ishylt--~W

co -

- -ishy -

~ ishy

uj --Lee J

W D ~i

- tshyi~iiJJ Q f- W = - LL LL D

- - ~

-

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Q

i LL W J LL U (I-CL- ishy

-U)-- -shy ~~~U~I

fshy ishy Uj---shyIi

ishy ~ ~

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5

u D 0

C]

fshy-1

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CL

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J c U - -c co

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j

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LL

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D co - ~

C LL

CC c-

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D

--

f

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f~ -

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fshy-shy

shy- r-

UJ I

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I

i

L

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f II

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-

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cu = I i -ishy

- -- - - -----gtshy

w ~L -- -- W CI - c D

C=f ~ - ~ ~~ I gt~ -

j- u ~i~ -shy~---shy~ ~

~

- =1 t T rltU ~ ~ lJJ -W --

in in U~ D w ~~ CD CO w C] ~- - J -- ~~ ~

~---~

~shy~--~--~ r~ I C] D [~i Ci iJ ~ D

~ T I + LL J lJJ lJJ LU

- J 0 -- w co Tshy

~ W D Cj CD L cr C]

~il1lJJ

LL lJJ ~--~~

U~ cn - L f- f- Ishy~ ~ lJJ U~ J Cr- - -- T [~ lJJ ~ ~ LL LLi ~ ~ ~ LL LU

D

= 1 ~ LLe ~LL J J ~LL U il 1 I~il CL II -- il~ 1 shy- 7-- in II 1 Q W I C] QilJ

- I l 1 J I i J CL 1e I - I I = ~ I

= I I J I I = I~a~ f-il U~--~~~~~---~~ U~~~~~ I lJJ

n -+ e CD GG J -w

II I- - fshy ~ ~w~t

~- u ~ -wgtw

cr)

L JgtW

LU - -gtWU j - gtLUU crr--~ il U~ II lt= CL i U~ II lt= il

we W I p] (i ~ LU 0) w l- CLI~ r- CL tt s ~ t- II I II

Sf 1

-(I [2tij I-U~~~~

I ~~~~~

I-CI~~~~

= LL I D I

c- - cn u U~ co r- I In ~ ~ ~ il~ z c ~ I G z G D I =~ - shyef= w - CD - A -- ~ ~ ~ Di

3~ - ~~ ~ ~ I i ~ J -D C J I I

C I ~ gt gt I i -- ~~~~~ ~ ~ ~- ~---~-~-shyf- T - ~ f- Ishy

~ - -iI

-- DD

OJh- ~ f-u LL C) shy-- CT

7- L =w lt= I ~ il I il

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w~~~~-~~~~~~ r--

T ~

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~~-~~-~

J 1 z U~Ilt=Dishylil~~ 1 ~I G i- z (1 pjI lt=II gtI z ~I IIgtZII-LU I cn lt= -

I

Ishyr fJ -- ishy

lJJ LJ r

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r r r

~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~

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LlJ I

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c-

shy -~ ~ ~~ -~~~~ HH~iHH_~~

+

i --

C i cr

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c -

0 0

CTi

lt-f ILshy

~ shy

LL W

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G -10

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w~ j iLL LL n cr

= -S2

LL = shyi

LL ~

- I - 2

u~ +

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~

L

DCP LL CC rshy

~

C--2W I H

HH~_~_~shy

(C LJ i~i

un U~ c ~- H

LL+W G

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L ~~ = shy - ~ ~ -~ u l--

LlJ - - W

w r 9i

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CL ~ J gt

--3 7-

J ~shy ~~~~~ - -shy --

-shy

c D -

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f-LL I 2

~j c

i

D-

C C JW = ~c

~ ~ LL c ---~ - r- cc - -

~~~_H~~H

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r--LLL u -shy -

~~~~~~~

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Ci shy

-- U - +

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LL-1 ~ A -

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u II

D

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-- - cj

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ilJ LiJ lJJ-G rshyiei-

lJJ OJ CO -

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-

-C- if-i fshy

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L7 CJiJLiJ - l iJ lJJlJJ tJ

LLJ~ ~- CJ -- -J - 15 iJU

IS - Q~T ~ c - C =wshy -C- --- w - - -- U~

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i- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ iI ~ iJf- C] i

ii ~ ii u JI iJ7i-LiJ ~ ~ - r- i II - ~ - - gt- i f~ -

-

G -~ i-

f- ~ lJJuJ f- ~~(J -

c

wi- f-~ c C) IS Q iI Q Q

lJJD LiJ i

OJ - gt- fshyT~ ~ ~f- I

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C] = I

w gt- G e J-IS f- gt- OJ G~ cc - - ~

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ilS ec ~ c

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lJJ IS

Gcc ~~-~shyf-

f- -[L ~

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Q = =-IS-gtshy

~ shy

f- fshy

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w lJJ

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r- ~- shy

F -d J

IiI

----~_r-~shy~ - - i = I i C i

-- [

-

D ~i~- shy

- ~- r- r-shy ~ shy - ~ ~ shy - -~ ~ - ~

--- ~

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=shy- - W

shy ishy

r

~-~-shy ----~ ~ --

shy

Cj

SJ +

W shycr CT i- -- -

~

0 D -Lu

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J

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[shy

W C -- r-

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Lu W D [ Cj C co U

----

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LL

L1 u -

= ~ QJ

LU U~ U ) LL = cshy

-

)LLW) LL ~

~ - -Q

shycr r~

J C shy-

Q

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LL u

wi LL -

shyf-2W un --shy

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---i

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- - --~

W+ =shy W

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T-

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Q-W J ~ shy~ cshy

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fshy-shy

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c co shy

] U~

U~_---------shy 2

Ck =CT

c -

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~Gamp

f = -

0-

~

c c

- -----------~ W ) LL

- -- +

shy-shy

cshy

shy

= W - ~ W-

LL

~ -shy _LL ~ -

- Cj

shy ~

J---~ ~-shy--

c T

crCC

shy - -Qshy

shy - shy - - v

CCD

= =~=LL LL

shy

~--~--~-~-shy== C~

- = cshy~shy

Cj

D [-

LL gt1- c shy ~

shy L - U shy shy -~ --

I-shy cshy-CJ -

Lu I

)U I

Lu-- -U iL 1

f-LlJ

- iitI

I-- I

TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

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c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

oJ ltj

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co fc Cj C In C]

J I

f

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c Cj-

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[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

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L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

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- C -

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C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

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LLi

shy

uJ

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fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

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cr fr

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=7

(j C c] e~

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ishy D j

1(1- u~ [r

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I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

-

C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

fC deg]

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I CO Q

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C Cj Lt ~-- -

CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

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CQ f

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cr co

CQ CQ

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flt1 co

D D fshy f f= ~ ~s~

- - CJ-CQm r CO

U is)i-

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CCshy fr shy crco

shyr

r U~ co f

u

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CD co CD co OJ

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S) D cr -Jco co CO r shy

-0 CCm J fshy r- m fshy

coco

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Q C]

co 0 CO co

In rJ cow

In co

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1 = CD co

-D mm

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CTi -J ~ shy f- r- D

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~

D ~ J U~ CT CO co

= co

f C co f- CD r-

D CD

co r-

Cj r-

I ill

f-W W LL

G) IS)

D G-f u f

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D fshy

ill

U-i lCi I

J u

~ i D u

W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

-

--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

ill u fshy

-

CI jr

-D -)

J (j

c

---- shy --shy -- -shy

-ill

J C 1 --- J- CO DC ID - C1CC]CJ

co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

- T ~ ~-g

0 -0 03

W

B lJ~IV f-

Q LiJ D ~I -shy=rI CO UJ A

LLA DZ

I (FQf-WI

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w c lLi -J OJ Ifshy

- f-W lLi LL

rshy~ ~

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I ill A

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r~ co co

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r~

In 0)

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fshyr 11

f1 tn cc

r~ 7shy0) CO cb

pJ CD

LJ ~

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co q c CO CO CO r- fshy

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fshyill LJ

IS) i~

1[1 ~ In cc co rshy

en D C- CO m

J

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0 = - GI rshy

fi fJ

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l1J r 3)

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In fshy

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~

fshyn shy

r~1c CO [I

Cj -

LJ u ~ -shy

5 cIn

S) m

fshy

rshy

CT

D In 0 In fshy 1)

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co - is) ~

ill D iD -1 CO Jshyf- D

r~

C) fj

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C J) n i= C 7 1) - -j C Cj

g

-CO

f~1 OJ

CO

f-CD

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lr) r~1 fshy -

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CO Ii)

pJ CO

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c C (j ID co 13)f~ ~ f ~ ~~G~A~ U~DCj f~i r~1 f~ i~

- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

c

csshyOJ C

D Cj S~[~~2

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~-

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m j) j) co D CCIF - - ( Cj ~H~~f ~ ~

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c jC cn ~ 1

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C n i~ j n c r C J j Uc J Cj Cj ~ ~

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C -1UCIS) ~ r~ 1 If) r c= Z9fDJ ~~~~~ 4f~~~

i lic

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c - c f-shyw

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c)

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shy

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= =

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1)- 1)- JCj~

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Cj f - 8 Z C

T D ~ C T

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C

-- - D

cr ~ Cj --Cj C C] CO Lc r ~ t

CJ c Uc wc D~= ~~ 3 j ~ ~

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LL

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() c = LJ ~

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TI~EIE Ceo FEDtjCiOn

GFI~I~= E[rIPD FCiOT OLUIIETIIFI [ [ilIHE [=[111 1 FllOr =TIIIIF TO ~) IIICH TiiF I I II~I file 1(111lt)

lJDH TOHiL H[ IGlnlFEETJ ~C1I11ICIIF3) 30 40 [1 60 70 80 gO 100 llC1 10 131] 14C) 150 16U 170 10 130 110

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-71= 14 9 ) IDlj 131 lC 2CC 49 J -41 3I 4)1 51 371 (t 711 J

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--0 34 1 liP 1(f 44 321 40D 304 rn 21 Dr 973 1111 1)r 141U 1-il 171 191 III

30 39 1 13C D (1 371] 1)9 579 701] 830 969 1119 1277 1445 1622 lR08 2002 2205 2417 32 45 93 155 231 320 421 i3) 660 797 945 1105 1275 1456 1647 11348 2060 2282 2514 2755 34 5] 105 I 261 311 47C I I] 747 901 1069 1249 1441 1646 11362 2090 2329 2580 2842 3115

3f - 117 ISJ6 293 lor53) 67 =38 1012 1200 14CJ2 161 It)W U91 2346 ~Gl~) 23=J 3191 11 C) - 70)

) 63 131 219 43 597 -0 S35 I1d9 1339 1565 1131]6 2U62 2333 2618 2918 3232 3560 3902

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ni CJ - ~ c~ ~ fshy n shy -

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c~ tU

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C fJ i j) - -+

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fJ CO J) D U~ shy

shyshy

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- 6 -

A Stump Diameter Estimators

In situations where the actual stump height was notcoincident with nominal stump height used in this study thefollowing nonlinear model was used to estimate the stumpdiameter inside bark (d )s

d = (1 - bOX)(DIA)exp(b 1(h - Sraquo (1)s 1 1

where DIA is the measured diameter inside or outside barkat a height h X is an indicator variable equal to 0if DIA is insiae bark and 1 if it is outside bark Coefshyficient estimates and a statistical summary are shown inTable 1

An approximately equal number of inside and outsidebark measurements were used as observations h ranged from5 to 45 feet Extrapolation outside these limits is notrecommended It should be noted that this model assumesbark ratios remain constant over short bole segments Assufficient data were unavailable for other whitewoods Dougshylas fir coefficients were used for this species group also

Table 1

Coefficient estimates by species for the stump diameter model

Species b b1 R2 S Sample Size~ ~~~------------

Douglas Fir 097 038 95 176 403Redwood 153 035 97 148 591

B Bark Ratio at Breast Height Estimators

Bark ratios (b ) were estimated with the followingmodel r

dbh = (br)(DBH) (2)

Estimates and a statisticalsummary are shown in Table 2

-----------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------

- 7 -

Table 2

Bark ratio estimates and statistical summary

Species br R2 Sample Size

Redwood 85 98 688Douglas Fir 91 99 362Whitewoods 95 99 160

C Stump Height Estimators

In situations where stump height is unknown but stumpdiameter inside bark (d ) and another diameter (DIAi) at aknown height (h) has bee~ measured solving equation (3)for S provide~ a logical form for a nonlinear stump heightestimator

S = C 1[ln(d ) - In(1-cOX) - In(DIA)] + h (3 )s I I

All variable definitions in this model are the same as in

equation 1 The coefficients (cOc1) could be numericallyderived from band b in equation 1 If there was no stashytistical erroP How~ver the coefficients because of thiserror were reestimated by nonlinear least squares and areshown in Table 3

Table 3

Coefficient estimates and statistical summaryfor the stump height model

Species c C1 R2 S (feet) Sample Size~ y~~---------------------

Redwood 308 -1688 93 11 571Douglas Fir 206 -2020 91 13 403

D Tip Estimators

In situationswhere the length of the tree stem fromthe last buck to the tree tip is not measuredit can beestimatedwith the models

TIP = bO(d)b1

(DBH)b2

(4)I I

or

b1 b2 TIPi = bO(Di) (DBH) (5 )

-------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------

- 8 shy

bole from the knownwhere TIPi is the length of the treediameter d or D to the tree top1 1

Tables 4 and 5 give coefficient estimates and a statisticalsummary The sample basis used in developing these equashytions did not utilize top diameters in excess of 14 inches

Table 4

Tip model -- diameter inside bark (d) coefficients and summary 1

---~~~ ~~ ~l ~~---~~~~-~~~-~~_~~~__-Redwood 81 105 -27 752 80 601Douglas Fir 739 103 -24 425 78 143

Table 5

Tip model -- diameter outside bark (D)coefficients and summary 1

Species b b1 b S R2 Sample Size

~ 2 ~~~-------------------Redwood 67 108 -26 698 82 619 Douglas Fir 68 99 -19 394 79 161

E Bark Taper Estimators

Dendrometry measurements were converted to outside barkmeasurements at various heights on standing trees To conshyvert these measurements to diameters inside bark a barktaper model was developed

Douglas fir

There was not enough data available in the sample setto estimate coefficients in a bark taper model for Douglasfir Consequently the model developed by Johnson (1966)for Douglas fir in the Pacific Northwest was considered thenext best alternative This model is

- 9 shy

dD = 559 + 00006h + 203(DDBH) (6 ) I I I I

- 1542(DDBH)2 + 3413 (d D )I s s

This model was also used for other whitewoods

Redwood

Three observations each consisting of height from the ground (h) diameter inside bark (d) and outside bark (D) at rsectndomly selected points on 172 fedwood trees were us~d to develop a redwood bark taper model The following model fitted by nonlinear least squares was found to give the best statistical fit as well as providing a logical and consistent functional form

diDi = dbhDBH + 38(1-dbhDBH)x (7)

(1 -exp(-06(h I - 45raquo)

Total Observations = 521

R2 = 12

Syx = 035

Both coefficients and the overall model were statistically significant at the 01 level The low precision is partly due to measurements being rounded to the nearest tenth inch and the form of the independent variable (dD) Premultishyplying bot~ sides of the expression by D afld fefitting proshyduced an R value of 93 without any real increase in explashynatory power

V Volume Equations

The volume equations developed for each species group in this study are of two general types

Type 1 V = f(DBHH)

Type Q V = f(DBHHGF)

For T~ch equation type and species group twenty-fourequations were estimated by using combinations of the folshylowing items

1 The specIfIcatIons used here for the volume equashytions are those recommended by the Advisory Panel of the Redwood Yield Cooperative

- 10 shy

were used1 Volume types - two volume def~itions

Scribner board foot and cubic feet

2 Height - three definitions of height were used total

height (Ht) merchantable height (Hm) and log height(HI)

3 Merchantable top - volumes were computed to four insidebark top diameter limits -- 8 7 6 and 5 inches

A Scaling Procedures

Volumes for each tree were computed from stump heightto the merchantable top limit As the actual measurementson each tree were not all at even log multiples some meansof interpolation was necessary The best procedure wasfound to be fitting a system of several third order polynoshymials to the actual measurements on each tree (see Akima1970) The basic result of this process was to provide thenumerical equivalent of a free-hand curve drawn through thestem profile conditioned to pass through every measuredpoint This equation system was then utilized to buck thetrees into standard lengths and produce interpolated diameshyters

B Board foot scale

Board foot scale was based on a 10 foot stump heighta nominal log length of 16 feet and a trim allowance of 3

feet Board foot volumes of each log were computed by thefollowing equation (Bruce and Schumacher 1950)

BV = 79(DIA)2 - 2DIA - 4

where DIA is the diameter inside bark at the small end ofthe log

Based on general scaling practices in the region thefollowing procedure was used when the top log was not aneven multiple of 163 feet If the length was less than 8feet the piece was appended to the next lower log which wassubsequently scaled as a long log If it was between 8and 163 feet the piece was appended to the next lower logwhich was subsequentlysplit in half and scaled as twoshort logs

It should be noted that largelydue to the viscissishytudes of the Scribner log rule reducing the top merchantashybility diameter frequently resulted in an overall decreasein the board foot scale for specific trees While no formal

2 Volumes ln CUblC meters are obtained using the cubicfoot equations and metric conversion factors See secshytion VF on metric units

- 11 shy

analysis was performed the general impression gained curingdata analysis was that a top diameter of 6 to 7 inches wouldproduce the maximum overall board foot scale obtainable withthe scaling procedures employed in this study

An end result of this phenomena is that the volumeequations developed in this report are not guaranteed toestimate more board foot volume as the merchantable topdiameter decreases particularly since this is not what hapshypens in practice

C Cubic foot scale

The local taper equation developed for each tree wasused to estimate inside bark diameters at one foot intervalsfrom the stump to the merchantable top Smalians formulawas applied to each one foot segment to compute volumes

D Functional Relationships and Statistical Procedures

The functional form of the volume equations fitted were

b bType 1 V = bo(DBH) 1H 2

b b bType 2 V = b (DBH) 1H 2GF 3

0

For each volume equation case data were transformed bytaking natural logarithms and parameters were subsequentlyestimated by linear least squares regression The constantterm (b) was exponentiated to convert the equation to thenatural Humber scale A synopsis and statistical summaryfor each fitted equation is displayed in Appendix A

Experience has shown that fitting volume equations bythe logarithmic procedure provides consistent and logicalestimators as well as satisfying the usual assumptions ofregression (see Wensel 1973) The major objection is thata negative bias is introduced by this procedure and volumeestimates should be multiplied by a correction factor toprovide theoretically consistent estimates This factoris equal to

exp (5MSE)

where MSE is the mean squared residual of the respectivevolume equation in logarithmic units (Baskerville 1972)This factor (2 to 2 percent) is usually much smaller thanthe statistical error (6 to 22 percent) of the volume equashytions and for most purposes can be ignored These bias corrections are also shown in Appendix A

- 12 -

E Reliability and Adjustments to Local Conditions

The volume tables essentially give average volumesfor trees of a given DBH and height These volumes are subshyject to two sources of statistical error when used for anindividual tree (1) an error associated with estimatingthe true population volume relationship from samplesThis source of error can be reduced by taking more samples(2) An error associatedwith random deviations about thetrue populationvolume relationship This source of errormay be reduced by adding additional explanatory variables(eg form class)

As with all regional volume tables there is a possishybility that stands of trees in specific localities maydepart from the general relationships shown in these tablesAlso where scaling practices differ from the ones used inthis study an additional source of bias may be introducedHence field checks should be made before local use

The followingproceduresare suggested to check theaccuracy of volume tables at the 95 probability level

1 Specify the accuracy level desired for the estimateof tree volume on the average for the stand beingsampled

2 Determine from Table 6 the number of sample treesrequired Sample sizes were computed with the aidof the well known sample size formula

n = t2(CV)2A2

where

n = number of sample trees

t = students t value corresponding to the numberof sample trees and the confidence level being used

CV = coefficient of variation expressed as a decimal

A = accuracy level expressed as a decimal

-------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------

- 13 -

Table 6

Sample trees required for 95 confidence intervalsof various levels of accuracy for tree volumes

Accuracy () Cubic Feet Foard Feet

10 9 168 14 256 25 444 56 1002 225 400

Assumed Coefficient 15 20of Variation ()

3 Once the sample size is chosen trees should beselected for volume measurement that are representashytive of the trees for which volume estimates aredesired Each sample tree is measured for DBBtotal height and volume Volume can be obtainedwith a Relaskop dendrometer or by scaling felledtrees Volumes of sample trees should be determinedby the same procedures used in actual scaling operashytions

4 Compute the percent difference between the measuredvolumes and those estimated by the volume tables foreach sample tree Then compute the average percentdifference for all sample trees

5 If the absolute value of the average percent differshyence ii is less than the accuracy level use thetables without adjustment

6 If the Pi is greater than the accuracy level andthere are no trends in the percent deviations oversize classes multiply estimated volumes by the facshytor

F = (1+P100)

7 Percent deviations sometimes show trends with

estimated volume or DBH in which case regressionadjustments may be utilized For example if thepercentage volume deviation of the sawple varieswith DBH in a linear fashion the following correcshytion factor may be used

F = [1+(P+b(D-D))1CO]D 11

where

- 14 -

F = correction factor for a tree of D inchesD 1

1 15 = average DBH of volume sample trees

b = regression constant computed from the volume sample

2P D - nPD = J J

2D2 - n1521

n = number of sample trees

P = Percent deviation of the jth tree in the J volume sample

D = DBH of the jth tree in the volume sampleJ

If more refined estimates or different confidence levels are desired coefficients of variation derived from Appendix A for each species-volume group can be utilized in conjunction with the famishyliar sample size formula

8 As an example suppose 8 percent accuracy levels were desired at the 95 percent probability level A redwood cubic volume check yielded the followingdata

Total Volumes from Volumes Percent Sample Tree DBH Height Tables Scaled Difference

No (inches) (feet) (cubic feet) (cubic feet) (percent)

1 12 60 14 148 +57 2 12 70 16 17 1 +68 3 12 90 21 228 +48 4 18 90 46 494 +74 5 20 130 82 883 +75 6 22 110 84 917 +92 7 28 100 123 1342 +9 1 8 28 130 160 1755 +97 9 30 120 169 1859 100

10 34 130 234 2604 113 11 36 130 262 2908 110 12 36 140 282 3144 115 13 44 160 477 5380 128 14 44 160 477 5409 134

Averages 2686 +93

- 15 -

In this exampleP = 93 is greater than the 8 per~cent accuracy requirement and may be used to computethe correction factor

F = 1 + 93100 = 1093

There is also a trend in the percentage differencewhich increases with DBH In this case a regresshysion correction factor that varies with DBH will bemore precise The regression coefficient b for

the correction factor FD is computed as1

b = [(57)(12) + (68)(12) + (134)(44) - 14 (93)(2686)][122 + 122 + 442 - 14(2686)2]

= 0227

The correction is then

FD = 1 + (93 + 227 (D- 268))100]i 1

= 1093+00227(D-268)1

For a 44 inch tree the volume estimate from thetable would be adjusted upward by the factor

F44 = 1093+00227(44-268)

= 1132

Adjusted Volume = 1132 x 477 = 540 cubic feet

F Metric Units

Each of the equations presented in this report presumesthat English units are being used In the case where metricunits are used for one or more of the measurements thevolume equations are altered as follows

- 16 -

Measurement Units VolumeDBH Height Desired Conversion(C)

inches feet (feet)-J none

inches feet (meters)shyc3

cm meters (feet)3 (c1-b1)(c2-b2)

cm meters (meters)3(c1-b1) (c2 -b2)c3

Hhere c1 = 254 inchescm

c2 = 03048 ftmeter

c3 = 00283168 m3ft3

b1 b2 = coefficients of the volume equation used

These conversion factors can be used in several HaysFirst if desired measurements of D and H can be converted

using the terms c1 and c2 respectively Alternatively theappropriate composite conversions C can be used to convertthe final volume Desired volume is obtained by multiplyingthe calculated volume from the volume equation times theappropriate conversion factor above

VI CONIFER TAPER MODELS

Taper models estimate diameter inside bark at variousheights on tree boles when only DBH and some measure of treeheight are observed Taper models are used for two princishyple purposes

1 Estimation of the dimensions of upper stem portionsfor defect adjustment in cruising

2 Estimation of the log size mix potentially availablefrom standing trees

A Model Criteria

Taper models are conventionally required to haveseveral properties

1 If total height is an access variable the modelshould predict a diameter inside bark of a at thetree tip Similarly if merchantable height is usedthe equation should predict the top merchantableinside bark diameter at the merchantable height

- 17 shy

2 Predictions of stump or hreast high diameters shouldequal actual measurements at these points Whilethese values are not conventionally recorded in thefield the taper model should be structured sopredicted inside bark diameters can be forcedthrough logical values of these points if necessary

3 Predictions derived from these equations should bealways positive always decrease with increases inbole height and be relatively unbiased at variouspoints on the tree bole

B ~odel Development

Experimentation with several possible functional formsled to the following model which is based on the modifiedinverse of a general sigmoidal equation This model was found form

to satisfy the previous criteria and has the general

d = c D - Df ln[1-Rc1

(1-exp(c f1 - d ~f )))J1 0 1 ~ 0 m~ 1

Where

di = dib in inches at a point lilon the tree bole

D = DBH

h = height in feet from ground to a point i on the tree1 bole

H = general measure of tree height in feet

R = (h-1)(H-1)1

d = merchantable top diameter inside bark correspondingm to the point where h1 = H

f1 = c2 + c3D + c4H

c1 = parameters estimated by regression methods

This model is conditioned so that the predicted diameshyter inside bark will equal a when h = H If H is totalheight d is 0 and the predicted diameter will be a at thetree tip~ Similarly if H is the height to a merchantabletop of say 50 inches d is 50 inches and the predictionwill be conditioned to mpredict 50 inches dib when hi =H

Six taper equations were developed with H being definedas height from the ground to an 85 and C inch (tree tip)

- 18 shy

top dib for redwood and Douglas fir The models werefitted by nonlinear least squares Two to three samplepoints on suitable trees used in the previously desoribedvolume analysis were randomly chosen for equation fittingCoefficient estimates and a statistical summary are shown inTable 7

C Podel Interpretation and Discussion

The coefficient c is interpreted as the ratio ofdib at a 10 foot ~tump to DBH The fitted coefficientswere almost numerically equal to simple ratio estimatorsbased on the same data set so constraining the model was not

considered necessary The term f1 for the taper modelswere chosen after considerable experimentation in attemptsto account for general differences in taper between trees indifferent diameter and height classes Table 8 gives avershyage bias (average difference between actual and predictedvalues) by relative height for all six taper equations Ingeneral these biases are small and quite acceptable for thegeneral level of precision usually required in estimatingupper bole diameters

Table 7

Taper Podel Coefficients and Statistical Summary

REmJOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Merchantable Tops

00 50 80 00 50 80

c 955 956 955 1008 1016 1 0240

387 346 326 415 320 276c1

-362 -247 -211 -275 -169 -142c2

-00581 -00666 -00542 -00770 -00539 -00364c3

00122 00116 000847 000640 000178 000108c4

R2 902 962 967 974 978 975

S 128 119 114 97 81 82yx

SampleCJlze 1238 1217 1164 671 631 574

--

- 19 -

Table 8

Bias of conifer taper equations at various pointon the sample tree boles

REDWOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Equation top diameter Equation top diameter

00 50 80 00 50 80

Bias in Inches

Stump 13 01 -03 22 10 03

DBH -16 01 09 - 15 -03 05

-22 -20 -22 -20 -10 -10h17

30 17 03 25 07 10h33

30 -04 07 35 17 05h5

-06 -03 08 1 1 - 14 -00h67

-34 06 26 -54 -04 00hS5

top 00 00 00 00 00 00

h xx refers to a bole height equal to xx of total height

Positive table values indicate predictions are low

VII VOLUME EQUATION VERSUS TAPER BASED VOLUME ESTIMATES

The coefficients in Appendix A can be used to estimategross volume directly in standing trees The taper equashytions can also be used to obtain indirect estimates of grossvolume Essentially the taper equation is used to estimateinside bark diameters at the places on the tree bole whereit is to be bucked into lengths These lengths are thenscaled using predicted inside bark diameters and summed toestimate total volume Mathematical integration of thetaper function is impossible so this numerical technique isrequired

It should be emphasized that the taper equations weredeveloped to predict inside bark bole diameters not tree

- 20 shy

volume Hence their adequacy in volume estimation cannotbe judged by conventional statistics Regardless the folshylowing ad hoc comparisons were made

A Comparisons

Diameters total heights and scaled cubic volumes to afive inch top of the trees used in the taper analysis wereutilized for comparative purposes The coefficients fromthe appropriate total height-DEH cubic volume equation wereused to directly predict volumes to a five inch top forthese trees The total height taper equations (H isdefined as total height) have the greatest standard deviashytions and range in bias Consequently they were used forcomparative purposes as a measure of the worst that could bedone using taper equations to obtain volume estimatesThese taper equations were used to predict inside bark diamshyeters at one foot intervals on each tree from the stump to afive inch top Smalians formula was then used to computevolume of each segment which were then summed to give anindirect estimate of cubic volume The following statisticswere then computed for both redwood and Douglas fir

1 Aggregate percentage difference

2 Average percentage difference

3 Root mean square percent deviation (RMSPD) computedas

1

RMSPD = (Z((y - y)y)2n)21 1 1

where

y = volume estimated b~hvolume equation or taper 1 equation for the i sample tree

y1 = actual scaled volume of the ith sample tree

n = number of sample trees

These values are shown in Table 9 and are essentially a measure of how close predicted volumes are to actual scaled tree volumes used in the basic analysis As indicators of lack of bias average and aggregate percent differences should be close to zero The RMSPD value is essentially an approximation to the standard deviation expressed as a pershycent Comparisons of these values for the taper equation with those of the volume equation provides a measure of relative efficiency Judging from table 9 there appears to be no bias in volume prediction from the taper equations

- 21 shy

and RMSPD values are almost identical

Table 9

Comparative statistics for judging differences between volume equation and taper equation based volume estimates

Redwood Douglas fir

Average Aggregate RMSPD Average Aggregate RMSPD difference difference difference difference

---per cent---

Volume -8 8 153 1 -12 11 5 equation

Taper -2 19 15 1 2 11 112 equation

Positive percent differences indicate that the estimators are low compared to actual volumes

To provide a measure of relative compatability between volume equations and taper-based volume estimates ratios of estimates produced by both methods are shown for diameter and height classes of trees used in the taper analysis in tables 10 and 11 Except at the edges of the data set there is remarkable agreement between the estimators considshyering no attempt was made to condition the taper equations

B Evaluation

In the course of this taper analysis several items were noted which are possible areas for refinement

1 The taper equations are overall slightly low judging by the aggregate difference This is probshyably due to estimating dib rather than dib squared which is proportional to volume It is well known that the squared average of a sample is less than the average squared value unless all of the diameters are the same

2 The rather simple expression of the term f in the equation may not be totally adequate for describing taper differences between trees of different DBH and height

--

- 22 shy

3 The increases with height in the ratios of volume equations to taper based estimates is largely due tothe data set being used No significant trendsindicating a lack of fit were detected in a comparishyson of both volume equations and taper estimateswith actual scaled volumes For Douglas fir thedifference is more pronounced and apparently due toa small and somewhat lopsided distribution of thesample trees

We encourage the cooperators to review these taperequations prior to final publication

In summary volume equations produce simple and effishycient estimates of gro~s tree volume However taper equashytions can be used to produce similar estimates although theyare somewhat cumbersome Taper equations are necessary whenvolumes by logs in individual trees are desired

VIII VOLUME TABLES

While the volume equations presented rere are very useshyful for incorporation into inventory analysis programs many foresters will want some of these volume equations turned into table form The combinationsof speciesgroups (3) equation types (2) measurement units (3) and top diameters (4) would require 72 individual volume tables Wben one considers the possible range of form classes of interest the number of possible tables is even more formidable Since any individual would only be interested in a few of these tables no attempt is being made to publish all ofthese tables

However in Appendix C 50 inch merchantable top boardfoot cubic foot and cubic meter tables are given for eachof the two species Redwood and Douglas fir by DBH andtotal height A listing of the computer program used toproduce these tables is available from the authors

TABLE 10 Redwood -- Rat~os of volume equationto taper based estima s of cubic volume froma 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH andHeight classes of trees used in taper analysis

I D8H I

I I 1[I 20 30 -10 50 lr3

TOTAL HEI GHT

70 80 9~3

(FEET)

100 110 120 1313 140 150 160 1E1 1813 190 200

101 12 I I [ 16 I

109 102

97 105 107 101 101

1( 97

108 103

99

112 106 1 D3 103 1 1211 101

107 103 1 [11

102 1 ~j1 1 [10 1 DE1

11 I

1] I

2gt I 24 I i6 I

94

9)

1(

96

99 100

9 99

~H 99

97 93

97 99

100 100 100 99 1 [113 1[10 100 9~1 98

99 100 100 99 99

99 1 O~J 1 (10 1 CH] 99

99 100 100 100 11]0

S18

97

9B

99 9E1

96

97 97

94

2 I 30 I 32 I 34 I 31 I

9B 99

IDO 100

113D 100 1 Em 101 1 cn 1 [11 101 1~j2

1 (C

1 [11 1 [11 101 101 102 102 11212 103 103 103

100 101 102 102 103

100 100 1 I] 1 102 103

SI9 SIE

10D ~)9 1 [11 1 [1[1 101101 102 102

97

98

99 97

1 [I1

E I 40 I Q I 44 I ill I

1 05

106

1 04 1 04 1 03

106 1 07

105 106 106

1 O 1 pound11 1 03 103 104 104

1 r~16

1 00 101 101 1D4 1 D5

4 i[I 32 I 56

I ] ] I I

108 1 Ot

1[17

110 106

5= I 60 I

TABLE 11 Douglas fir Ratios of volume equation to taper based estimates of cubic volume from a 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH and Height classes of trees used in taper analysis

--

I DEH I

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60 7t3

TlJTRL HE IcHT

BO 90

(FEET)

100 110 120

-----------------------------------------------

130 140 150 160 170 181] 196 2130

1j I 12 I 11 I 11 I

86 95 99

n 99 95 92

99

94

1 04 102

97

106 103 1DO

105 1 D1

1 me 103 106

13 I 20 I 2 I 4 I ~C I

9D 93 92 ~30

17 1 00

96 9C

95 97

93 96

93 9)

1 01 1 00

99

9B

97

1 E14 1 05 102 103 101 102 100 1 [12

99 101

104 104 104 1135

1 04

1 1217

106 106

I 30 I 3 I 3[ I C I

-deg 94 97

99 1 00 1 00

99 100

1 04 102 1 I) 1 ll4 101 102

1 0~5 1 06 1 04 1 (16 11215 104 106

1 139 1m

3 I lD I 4 I 44 I 4C I

1 EJ3 104

104

106

4 I 5U I 52 I ~l I 1 I

1 07

5 T CO I

- 23 -

Literature Cited

Akima Hiroshi 1970 A new method of interpolation and smooth curve

fitting based on local procedures ESSA Research Laboratories Boulder Colorado

Baskerville GL1972 Use of logarithmic regression in the estimation

of plant biomass Can J For Res 2(1)49shy53

Bruce Donald Schumacher Francis Y1950 Forest mensuration 3ded xvii 483p

Johnson Floyd A1966 Bark factors for Douglas fir USDA Forest

Servo Res Paper PNW - 34 Pacific NorthwestFor and Rng Exp Sta Portland Ore 3p

Palley Marshall N1959 Board foot volume tables for young growth coashy

stal Redwood California Forestry and ForestProducts No 11 California AgriculturalExpt Station Berkeley California 5p

Wensel Lee C1971 Tree volume equations from measurements taken

with a Barr and Stroud optical dendrometerHilgardia 41(4)55-64

- 24 -

Appendix

CONIFER TREE VOLU~E EQUATIONS

This appendix contains tables of statistical summariesand coefficient estimates of conifer tree volume equationsEach table has six equation summaries three board foot andthree cubic foot each accessed by total height merchantableheight or height in 163 foot logs Stump height isassumed to be one foot and board foot volumes are based onScribner scale with a nominal scaling length of 16 feet witha 3 foot trim allowance Top diameters vary with eachtable Table A1 provides a quick reference guide to tablespecifications

(1) Types of Equations

Equations are of two types

a) D-H Diameter-height equationsb) D-H-GF Diameter-height-form class equations

The form of diameter height equations is indicated

in Fortran notation as

v = BO(DB1)(HB2)

which in regular mathematical notation isb b

V = b D 1H 20

Similarly the form class equations are in Fortrannotation

V = BO(DB1)(HB2)(GFBS)

which in standard notation is equivalent to

b b b V = b 0D 1H 2GF 3

- 25 shy

(2) Exponential Notation

The coefficient estimates are given to 4 signishyficant digits in exponential notation As examples

5639E-03 = 5639x10-3 = 0005639

25639E+02= 5639x10 = 5639

(3) Standard Deviations

a) Logarithmic (LN UNITS) - Standard deviations ofresiduals are reported in natural logarithmic (baseIe) units

b) Normal Units (PERCENT) - Standard deviations arealso reported as a percentage of predicted volumesThis value is also the coefficient of variation

(4) Adjustment for Logarithmic Bias (LN BIAS)

This value is a multiplicative adjustment usushyally negligable that can be used to correct thevolume equations for any inherent bias resulting from the logarithmic transformations in the equation fitting process

(5) Percent Average Deviation (AVE DEV PERCENT)

This value is the average percent deviation ofactual versus predicted values of the sample used infitting the respective equation

(6) Percent Aggregate Difference (AGG DIFF PERCENT)

This value is the percent difference of thetotal actual volume of sample trees versuspredicted Negative values indicate the equationsare low positive values indicate the equations arehigh

---------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------

- 26 -

Quick Reference

TABLE A1

Guide to Conifer Volume Equations

Table No Species Top

Volume

dLb

to

(inches) Equation Type

1 Redwood 8 2 Redwood 8 3 Redwood 7 4 Redwood 7 5 Redwood 6 6 Redwood 6 7 Redwood 5 8 Redwood 5 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas FirWhitewoods

8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 8

18 Whitewoods 8 19 Whitewoods 7 20 Whitewoods 7 21 Whitewoods 6 22 Whitewoods 6 23 Whitewoods 5 24 Whitewoods 5

D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF

T(jDLE 1 GFDS=vCiLUr-IE T(iEIU~ FOP REDLJDDD TPE ~D--H +++gt1lt++gtltfgtIltgtIlt+lt++ ltltlt1ltgt1lt+++gt1gt1laquo1+ltIlt+-JltgtIlt+lgtflt1ltf lt1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt (lII[LI= 17F EI47

10 FDCT STU~PTD 8D IHCHES TDR DIB

EOUATIDH Y = BOID~Dl) II-1B2) IJII[rE

D=DIAM[T[F DUTSIDE BRPK RT 45 FEI=1

H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE DELDW--

E[IIIRD FOOT yoLUMES--STATISTICRL SUllll(IF

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en en -

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co- D- u+shy

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rshy

-shy = C] + LL

Q=I LL

Q = cshy - -

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U co

u

J gtT T

7 - W ~o-shy

= W0= W -

CL L c

CL

~-~shy~ Ljshy

gt- U r-shyl--i-w -lt = ~

U

==--Dshy= -gt W -WDshy

-

C Q - ~-----shy

~ f CL-shygtILshy

j C- ishy

-- gtII-

f=uJ en Q - --------

shy

u c- -lLJ lLJ -I -shy -

lLJ -1 = I U shy - n C C ishy -1 II = = =

I

TABLE 3 GROSS ~JLUME n~BLES FOR REDWOOD iF[oD11 gt1ltgt1ltgt1gt1lt gt1lt gt1gt1lt gt1ltgt1 gt1ltfgtIltjlt jlt jlt gt1lt gt1yojgtIlt gt1 gt1lt1ltgt1+ +gt1ltgt1lt y gt1lt gt1lt gt1lt1lt gtlt1lt+ I 1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt gt1++O+gtIlty ~nrJIL[ 11 C

10 FOOT STUMP TIJ 70 IHCHES TOP D IB

EQUATION V = BO(Di~Bl)(HB2) LHIEPE

D=DIn~TER OUTSIDE BnRK nT 45 FEEl H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOArD FOOT VCiLUMES--STnTISTICAL ~ U r-111n F~

I I I I -- - I - I 1 1 1 1 I rnIIDfIPD I ~TIIIIDFIFD I I LJJ I FIE 1 AIC 1 I 1 I

H=TOTRl HEICHT

I I I I

DE I ATI 011 I (UJ LHIIT) I

I 204 I

DE I FIl I [111

( RErCEHT)

~2 ( 1

I I I I

PgtI+2

962

I I ] I

FIn

1021

I I I ]

DE ( [O[iCEIT)

15825

1 II I FF I (REf~CEIIT) 1----I 261

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I

TnBLE 7 GrOSS VOLUME TABLES FOr rEDWOOD TITI=II-II ~jIltiltIfIIltlt+AltIltjIltII1Iltjfjlt+V++hgtllt+Ijlt+f+j1lt+jltVgtf+fjltj++yengtf FIIHLE IZL 9DO

10 FOOT ~3TlHlr= TO 50] tICHE~3 TOP D I Ei

FeUrn] CHJ = BI] (lHB 1) (HKfB2) IHIErE

D=DIAMETLR OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IH FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

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H=TOT(1L HEIGHT ] 2H 1 41D I 971 ] 1024 1 16800 ] --2 0~19 ] 1J3 j E - U3 I 0 21 [+0 1 I 1 1[-I U 1 T

] ]------- I -- --_- ] - - -- - ] - - - - ---- I ] [ --1-- I

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H=LOG HE]11-1-1 I 1 ] 1 I I I 12~EHIO] 1694E+0 11 1[516E+0 II] - _- - - -- I I 1 ]----- I 1 ] 1 I

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMFS--STATISTICAL SUr1f1HP(1 --- I 1 - 1 ] I---- ] 1-- ] 1

1 I)E]I1TIDII I DEIHTIOtl I PI+2 I 13]It3 I DE I DIfF I 80 I Bl ] B +] (LH Utl ITS) I (PEPCEtIT) I I I ( PEPCEIIT) I (PEFCEtH) I ] I ]1 ---------- I I ] -- I I I -- -- ---- I - I J

I ~TAtmnPD I ~=TntjDnPD ] I UJ I FIiE I Her I I I I

H=TOTAL HEICHT ] 149 I 1609 I 979 1 1 011 I 11 709 I 25 I 903[-C3 I 1792E+0 1 I 121EIIJ 1 I1 1--------- I ] 1-------- I I - I T I

H=11EPCH HE 1CHT I 132 I 141( I 984 I 1009 I 10327 I 2603 I 5[10~JEm021 I596E+fl I 10CE+C11 J1 1---- I I I-- I 1 ] 1 1

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EDURTIDrl 130(IlfgtfD I ) UIB2) IJHEPE

D=DIRM~TER OUTSIDE BRRK AT 45 FEET 11=HE ] CI-Ilshy ] 11 FEET DF~ tILlf1EiEf~~ DI L[lC~=---~=[E BELDLJ--

BorWD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL 3L1f--1rlAR ] 1 1---- I I 1---_----shy 1 1- 1 1 1 I

STANDARD 1 Sl~NDARD 1 DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2

1 LJJ I I B If1S I

rIF DE

I 1IGLi 1 DIFF

I 1 J ] I 80 I 81 1 82 1

I (Ul LlHIr) I (PERCErn) I 1 I (PERCEtIT) 1 (P[PCEtrn II I 1 1 1- I --- -- 1 1- ----shy ) 1 1 1

H=TOTf4L HEIGHT I 154 11670 1 967 1 1012 1 11681 1 -1153 I 1Opound9E-[12 I I 793E+0 II lCU9[+U 1 I 1 1 1shy ] 1 1------ I ----- - - - ---] shy - -I I ---

I-I=IIEFCH I-IEI CHr I ID 1 II 13 1 984 I 1006 1 E213 1 1 29~ilE-O 11 IJ2~IE+O II 11iEICilI1236

1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 --H=LOG I-IEICHT 1 1 1 1 1 I I 79CI2[HII] 1 152(jf~H] 1 1 II7[ICll1

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H=TOTIL H[IGHT I 13 I 1 14[15 I 971 I 1009 1 9t19 1 - R3C I I [l4l--0I I 703EH] II 1379E+0 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I 1 - 1

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TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

- r~ Cj D CD In [c Cj Cj [r ~ Cj Cj -

c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

oJ ltj

C]D D ~~-

co fc Cj C In C]

J I

f

)f~ -

c Cj-

c Cj fr

~j

[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

~J CO (I flt - Cj-

L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

C]s CO Lt j ~

- C -

C] -

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C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

LL lt

LLi

shy

uJ

J

fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

- In fshy

- i--

cr fr

~ 7 s

=7

(j C c] e~

J - D In

ishy D j

1(1- u~ [r

- ~

I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

-

C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

fC deg]

-

I CO Q

~~gt-i~

C Cj Lt ~-- -

CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

is iJ Cj

- iJ co

CQ f

~ (T- c

cr co

CQ CQ

-co-

flt1 co

D D fshy f f= ~ ~s~

- - CJ-CQm r CO

U is)i-

- f COCO

CCshy fr shy crco

shyr

r U~ co f

u

eCi ltI

l5 =J D

D iD

S) in-

In1- ~ f)

CD co CD co OJ

J - co in co f

S) D cr -Jco co CO r shy

-0 CCm J fshy r- m fshy

coco

U ~ u

In lC U

J u

shyc iJ w ~

~

S)f~1

Q C]

co 0 CO co

In rJ cow

In co

- Cj cr S) co CO CD fshy co

~~ ~~ ~6 ~j gg

- -crCCshy co OJ co f r f

1 = CD co

-D mm

- D r~ CQ CO r

CTi -J ~ shy f- r- D

~ -

~

D ~ J U~ CT CO co

= co

f C co f- CD r-

D CD

co r-

Cj r-

I ill

f-W W LL

G) IS)

D G-f u f

- 0 cr- 0 r lL

D fshy

ill

U-i lCi I

J u

~ i D u

W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

-

--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

ill u fshy

-

CI jr

-D -)

J (j

c

---- shy --shy -- -shy

-ill

J C 1 --- J- CO DC ID - C1CC]CJ

co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

- T ~ ~-g

0 -0 03

W

B lJ~IV f-

Q LiJ D ~I -shy=rI CO UJ A

LLA DZ

I (FQf-WI

~2 ~lLi Ir

w c lLi -J OJ Ifshy

- f-W lLi LL

rshy~ ~

~ lLi

~ ~ fshyu f-

I ill A

~ QC]

Q I]

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IS fshy

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f-J

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CJ

Q 1

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Q ~

3 Cltj

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IS f~1

IS ISI

C]

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0

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CCj

e ID

C]

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i~

~

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r~

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e

co C]j ID r- s ~JFJ ~J f ~ rJ ~5 f~~ Cf g ~

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GJ ~ ~-s CO ISI In D

GI 1 J

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D CO

S)-

CP 1 CO r

~ U) - C)

D 3 LJf-

JD -lt

3 G In

[shy0

Ci C) J 9

~

r~ co co

f~1 CO

CO

U~ I -1 ~

r~

In 0)

-lt QCO CD

fshyr 11

f1 tn cc

r~ 7shy0) CO cb

pJ CD

LJ ~

- iel

co q c CO CO CO r- fshy

--OJ -

fshyill LJ

IS) i~

1[1 ~ In cc co rshy

en D C- CO m

J

OJ

0 = - GI rshy

fi fJ

-1 CJ

l1J r 3)

-~ In

In fshy

-1 Ci u

~

fshyn shy

r~1c CO [I

Cj -

LJ u ~ -shy

5 cIn

S) m

fshy

rshy

CT

D In 0 In fshy 1)

-

co - is) ~

ill D iD -1 CO Jshyf- D

r~

C) fj

~

--~-shyr OJ

C J) n i= C 7 1) - -j C Cj

g

-CO

f~1 OJ

CO

f-CD

- CO f CO shy

lr) r~1 fshy -

In f

CO Ii)

pJ CO

en rshy

[-- mCD -

C

c C (j ID co 13)f~ ~ f ~ ~~G~A~ U~DCj f~i r~1 f~ i~

- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

c

csshyOJ C

D Cj S~[~~2

- - J coCJ 2~~~4 ~ --

~-

- en Ji- - J U

- - -

m j) j) co D CCIF - - ( Cj ~H~~f ~ ~

- --

G ~~L~f~ g~ ~ f) ~-f ~~~ ~--- J [j

D - co rS)J -C] r~ r~ ~ 1

-- _ ~J~~5~[~

D

c jC cn ~ 1

C CJ Dc s j~~~~j

~ Jc e CJshy ~c CJc r ~ C

- =

7 - ~- n ~~

cr

~i D

c

~ ui ~ T

C 1) ] Jr CC

~~rlt - i~n DrG

C n i~ j n c r C J j Uc J Cj Cj ~ ~

-7 C q ~i =1- j= GO

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- 7 -

Table 2

Bark ratio estimates and statistical summary

Species br R2 Sample Size

Redwood 85 98 688Douglas Fir 91 99 362Whitewoods 95 99 160

C Stump Height Estimators

In situations where stump height is unknown but stumpdiameter inside bark (d ) and another diameter (DIAi) at aknown height (h) has bee~ measured solving equation (3)for S provide~ a logical form for a nonlinear stump heightestimator

S = C 1[ln(d ) - In(1-cOX) - In(DIA)] + h (3 )s I I

All variable definitions in this model are the same as in

equation 1 The coefficients (cOc1) could be numericallyderived from band b in equation 1 If there was no stashytistical erroP How~ver the coefficients because of thiserror were reestimated by nonlinear least squares and areshown in Table 3

Table 3

Coefficient estimates and statistical summaryfor the stump height model

Species c C1 R2 S (feet) Sample Size~ y~~---------------------

Redwood 308 -1688 93 11 571Douglas Fir 206 -2020 91 13 403

D Tip Estimators

In situationswhere the length of the tree stem fromthe last buck to the tree tip is not measuredit can beestimatedwith the models

TIP = bO(d)b1

(DBH)b2

(4)I I

or

b1 b2 TIPi = bO(Di) (DBH) (5 )

-------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------

- 8 shy

bole from the knownwhere TIPi is the length of the treediameter d or D to the tree top1 1

Tables 4 and 5 give coefficient estimates and a statisticalsummary The sample basis used in developing these equashytions did not utilize top diameters in excess of 14 inches

Table 4

Tip model -- diameter inside bark (d) coefficients and summary 1

---~~~ ~~ ~l ~~---~~~~-~~~-~~_~~~__-Redwood 81 105 -27 752 80 601Douglas Fir 739 103 -24 425 78 143

Table 5

Tip model -- diameter outside bark (D)coefficients and summary 1

Species b b1 b S R2 Sample Size

~ 2 ~~~-------------------Redwood 67 108 -26 698 82 619 Douglas Fir 68 99 -19 394 79 161

E Bark Taper Estimators

Dendrometry measurements were converted to outside barkmeasurements at various heights on standing trees To conshyvert these measurements to diameters inside bark a barktaper model was developed

Douglas fir

There was not enough data available in the sample setto estimate coefficients in a bark taper model for Douglasfir Consequently the model developed by Johnson (1966)for Douglas fir in the Pacific Northwest was considered thenext best alternative This model is

- 9 shy

dD = 559 + 00006h + 203(DDBH) (6 ) I I I I

- 1542(DDBH)2 + 3413 (d D )I s s

This model was also used for other whitewoods

Redwood

Three observations each consisting of height from the ground (h) diameter inside bark (d) and outside bark (D) at rsectndomly selected points on 172 fedwood trees were us~d to develop a redwood bark taper model The following model fitted by nonlinear least squares was found to give the best statistical fit as well as providing a logical and consistent functional form

diDi = dbhDBH + 38(1-dbhDBH)x (7)

(1 -exp(-06(h I - 45raquo)

Total Observations = 521

R2 = 12

Syx = 035

Both coefficients and the overall model were statistically significant at the 01 level The low precision is partly due to measurements being rounded to the nearest tenth inch and the form of the independent variable (dD) Premultishyplying bot~ sides of the expression by D afld fefitting proshyduced an R value of 93 without any real increase in explashynatory power

V Volume Equations

The volume equations developed for each species group in this study are of two general types

Type 1 V = f(DBHH)

Type Q V = f(DBHHGF)

For T~ch equation type and species group twenty-fourequations were estimated by using combinations of the folshylowing items

1 The specIfIcatIons used here for the volume equashytions are those recommended by the Advisory Panel of the Redwood Yield Cooperative

- 10 shy

were used1 Volume types - two volume def~itions

Scribner board foot and cubic feet

2 Height - three definitions of height were used total

height (Ht) merchantable height (Hm) and log height(HI)

3 Merchantable top - volumes were computed to four insidebark top diameter limits -- 8 7 6 and 5 inches

A Scaling Procedures

Volumes for each tree were computed from stump heightto the merchantable top limit As the actual measurementson each tree were not all at even log multiples some meansof interpolation was necessary The best procedure wasfound to be fitting a system of several third order polynoshymials to the actual measurements on each tree (see Akima1970) The basic result of this process was to provide thenumerical equivalent of a free-hand curve drawn through thestem profile conditioned to pass through every measuredpoint This equation system was then utilized to buck thetrees into standard lengths and produce interpolated diameshyters

B Board foot scale

Board foot scale was based on a 10 foot stump heighta nominal log length of 16 feet and a trim allowance of 3

feet Board foot volumes of each log were computed by thefollowing equation (Bruce and Schumacher 1950)

BV = 79(DIA)2 - 2DIA - 4

where DIA is the diameter inside bark at the small end ofthe log

Based on general scaling practices in the region thefollowing procedure was used when the top log was not aneven multiple of 163 feet If the length was less than 8feet the piece was appended to the next lower log which wassubsequently scaled as a long log If it was between 8and 163 feet the piece was appended to the next lower logwhich was subsequentlysplit in half and scaled as twoshort logs

It should be noted that largelydue to the viscissishytudes of the Scribner log rule reducing the top merchantashybility diameter frequently resulted in an overall decreasein the board foot scale for specific trees While no formal

2 Volumes ln CUblC meters are obtained using the cubicfoot equations and metric conversion factors See secshytion VF on metric units

- 11 shy

analysis was performed the general impression gained curingdata analysis was that a top diameter of 6 to 7 inches wouldproduce the maximum overall board foot scale obtainable withthe scaling procedures employed in this study

An end result of this phenomena is that the volumeequations developed in this report are not guaranteed toestimate more board foot volume as the merchantable topdiameter decreases particularly since this is not what hapshypens in practice

C Cubic foot scale

The local taper equation developed for each tree wasused to estimate inside bark diameters at one foot intervalsfrom the stump to the merchantable top Smalians formulawas applied to each one foot segment to compute volumes

D Functional Relationships and Statistical Procedures

The functional form of the volume equations fitted were

b bType 1 V = bo(DBH) 1H 2

b b bType 2 V = b (DBH) 1H 2GF 3

0

For each volume equation case data were transformed bytaking natural logarithms and parameters were subsequentlyestimated by linear least squares regression The constantterm (b) was exponentiated to convert the equation to thenatural Humber scale A synopsis and statistical summaryfor each fitted equation is displayed in Appendix A

Experience has shown that fitting volume equations bythe logarithmic procedure provides consistent and logicalestimators as well as satisfying the usual assumptions ofregression (see Wensel 1973) The major objection is thata negative bias is introduced by this procedure and volumeestimates should be multiplied by a correction factor toprovide theoretically consistent estimates This factoris equal to

exp (5MSE)

where MSE is the mean squared residual of the respectivevolume equation in logarithmic units (Baskerville 1972)This factor (2 to 2 percent) is usually much smaller thanthe statistical error (6 to 22 percent) of the volume equashytions and for most purposes can be ignored These bias corrections are also shown in Appendix A

- 12 -

E Reliability and Adjustments to Local Conditions

The volume tables essentially give average volumesfor trees of a given DBH and height These volumes are subshyject to two sources of statistical error when used for anindividual tree (1) an error associated with estimatingthe true population volume relationship from samplesThis source of error can be reduced by taking more samples(2) An error associatedwith random deviations about thetrue populationvolume relationship This source of errormay be reduced by adding additional explanatory variables(eg form class)

As with all regional volume tables there is a possishybility that stands of trees in specific localities maydepart from the general relationships shown in these tablesAlso where scaling practices differ from the ones used inthis study an additional source of bias may be introducedHence field checks should be made before local use

The followingproceduresare suggested to check theaccuracy of volume tables at the 95 probability level

1 Specify the accuracy level desired for the estimateof tree volume on the average for the stand beingsampled

2 Determine from Table 6 the number of sample treesrequired Sample sizes were computed with the aidof the well known sample size formula

n = t2(CV)2A2

where

n = number of sample trees

t = students t value corresponding to the numberof sample trees and the confidence level being used

CV = coefficient of variation expressed as a decimal

A = accuracy level expressed as a decimal

-------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------

- 13 -

Table 6

Sample trees required for 95 confidence intervalsof various levels of accuracy for tree volumes

Accuracy () Cubic Feet Foard Feet

10 9 168 14 256 25 444 56 1002 225 400

Assumed Coefficient 15 20of Variation ()

3 Once the sample size is chosen trees should beselected for volume measurement that are representashytive of the trees for which volume estimates aredesired Each sample tree is measured for DBBtotal height and volume Volume can be obtainedwith a Relaskop dendrometer or by scaling felledtrees Volumes of sample trees should be determinedby the same procedures used in actual scaling operashytions

4 Compute the percent difference between the measuredvolumes and those estimated by the volume tables foreach sample tree Then compute the average percentdifference for all sample trees

5 If the absolute value of the average percent differshyence ii is less than the accuracy level use thetables without adjustment

6 If the Pi is greater than the accuracy level andthere are no trends in the percent deviations oversize classes multiply estimated volumes by the facshytor

F = (1+P100)

7 Percent deviations sometimes show trends with

estimated volume or DBH in which case regressionadjustments may be utilized For example if thepercentage volume deviation of the sawple varieswith DBH in a linear fashion the following correcshytion factor may be used

F = [1+(P+b(D-D))1CO]D 11

where

- 14 -

F = correction factor for a tree of D inchesD 1

1 15 = average DBH of volume sample trees

b = regression constant computed from the volume sample

2P D - nPD = J J

2D2 - n1521

n = number of sample trees

P = Percent deviation of the jth tree in the J volume sample

D = DBH of the jth tree in the volume sampleJ

If more refined estimates or different confidence levels are desired coefficients of variation derived from Appendix A for each species-volume group can be utilized in conjunction with the famishyliar sample size formula

8 As an example suppose 8 percent accuracy levels were desired at the 95 percent probability level A redwood cubic volume check yielded the followingdata

Total Volumes from Volumes Percent Sample Tree DBH Height Tables Scaled Difference

No (inches) (feet) (cubic feet) (cubic feet) (percent)

1 12 60 14 148 +57 2 12 70 16 17 1 +68 3 12 90 21 228 +48 4 18 90 46 494 +74 5 20 130 82 883 +75 6 22 110 84 917 +92 7 28 100 123 1342 +9 1 8 28 130 160 1755 +97 9 30 120 169 1859 100

10 34 130 234 2604 113 11 36 130 262 2908 110 12 36 140 282 3144 115 13 44 160 477 5380 128 14 44 160 477 5409 134

Averages 2686 +93

- 15 -

In this exampleP = 93 is greater than the 8 per~cent accuracy requirement and may be used to computethe correction factor

F = 1 + 93100 = 1093

There is also a trend in the percentage differencewhich increases with DBH In this case a regresshysion correction factor that varies with DBH will bemore precise The regression coefficient b for

the correction factor FD is computed as1

b = [(57)(12) + (68)(12) + (134)(44) - 14 (93)(2686)][122 + 122 + 442 - 14(2686)2]

= 0227

The correction is then

FD = 1 + (93 + 227 (D- 268))100]i 1

= 1093+00227(D-268)1

For a 44 inch tree the volume estimate from thetable would be adjusted upward by the factor

F44 = 1093+00227(44-268)

= 1132

Adjusted Volume = 1132 x 477 = 540 cubic feet

F Metric Units

Each of the equations presented in this report presumesthat English units are being used In the case where metricunits are used for one or more of the measurements thevolume equations are altered as follows

- 16 -

Measurement Units VolumeDBH Height Desired Conversion(C)

inches feet (feet)-J none

inches feet (meters)shyc3

cm meters (feet)3 (c1-b1)(c2-b2)

cm meters (meters)3(c1-b1) (c2 -b2)c3

Hhere c1 = 254 inchescm

c2 = 03048 ftmeter

c3 = 00283168 m3ft3

b1 b2 = coefficients of the volume equation used

These conversion factors can be used in several HaysFirst if desired measurements of D and H can be converted

using the terms c1 and c2 respectively Alternatively theappropriate composite conversions C can be used to convertthe final volume Desired volume is obtained by multiplyingthe calculated volume from the volume equation times theappropriate conversion factor above

VI CONIFER TAPER MODELS

Taper models estimate diameter inside bark at variousheights on tree boles when only DBH and some measure of treeheight are observed Taper models are used for two princishyple purposes

1 Estimation of the dimensions of upper stem portionsfor defect adjustment in cruising

2 Estimation of the log size mix potentially availablefrom standing trees

A Model Criteria

Taper models are conventionally required to haveseveral properties

1 If total height is an access variable the modelshould predict a diameter inside bark of a at thetree tip Similarly if merchantable height is usedthe equation should predict the top merchantableinside bark diameter at the merchantable height

- 17 shy

2 Predictions of stump or hreast high diameters shouldequal actual measurements at these points Whilethese values are not conventionally recorded in thefield the taper model should be structured sopredicted inside bark diameters can be forcedthrough logical values of these points if necessary

3 Predictions derived from these equations should bealways positive always decrease with increases inbole height and be relatively unbiased at variouspoints on the tree bole

B ~odel Development

Experimentation with several possible functional formsled to the following model which is based on the modifiedinverse of a general sigmoidal equation This model was found form

to satisfy the previous criteria and has the general

d = c D - Df ln[1-Rc1

(1-exp(c f1 - d ~f )))J1 0 1 ~ 0 m~ 1

Where

di = dib in inches at a point lilon the tree bole

D = DBH

h = height in feet from ground to a point i on the tree1 bole

H = general measure of tree height in feet

R = (h-1)(H-1)1

d = merchantable top diameter inside bark correspondingm to the point where h1 = H

f1 = c2 + c3D + c4H

c1 = parameters estimated by regression methods

This model is conditioned so that the predicted diameshyter inside bark will equal a when h = H If H is totalheight d is 0 and the predicted diameter will be a at thetree tip~ Similarly if H is the height to a merchantabletop of say 50 inches d is 50 inches and the predictionwill be conditioned to mpredict 50 inches dib when hi =H

Six taper equations were developed with H being definedas height from the ground to an 85 and C inch (tree tip)

- 18 shy

top dib for redwood and Douglas fir The models werefitted by nonlinear least squares Two to three samplepoints on suitable trees used in the previously desoribedvolume analysis were randomly chosen for equation fittingCoefficient estimates and a statistical summary are shown inTable 7

C Podel Interpretation and Discussion

The coefficient c is interpreted as the ratio ofdib at a 10 foot ~tump to DBH The fitted coefficientswere almost numerically equal to simple ratio estimatorsbased on the same data set so constraining the model was not

considered necessary The term f1 for the taper modelswere chosen after considerable experimentation in attemptsto account for general differences in taper between trees indifferent diameter and height classes Table 8 gives avershyage bias (average difference between actual and predictedvalues) by relative height for all six taper equations Ingeneral these biases are small and quite acceptable for thegeneral level of precision usually required in estimatingupper bole diameters

Table 7

Taper Podel Coefficients and Statistical Summary

REmJOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Merchantable Tops

00 50 80 00 50 80

c 955 956 955 1008 1016 1 0240

387 346 326 415 320 276c1

-362 -247 -211 -275 -169 -142c2

-00581 -00666 -00542 -00770 -00539 -00364c3

00122 00116 000847 000640 000178 000108c4

R2 902 962 967 974 978 975

S 128 119 114 97 81 82yx

SampleCJlze 1238 1217 1164 671 631 574

--

- 19 -

Table 8

Bias of conifer taper equations at various pointon the sample tree boles

REDWOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Equation top diameter Equation top diameter

00 50 80 00 50 80

Bias in Inches

Stump 13 01 -03 22 10 03

DBH -16 01 09 - 15 -03 05

-22 -20 -22 -20 -10 -10h17

30 17 03 25 07 10h33

30 -04 07 35 17 05h5

-06 -03 08 1 1 - 14 -00h67

-34 06 26 -54 -04 00hS5

top 00 00 00 00 00 00

h xx refers to a bole height equal to xx of total height

Positive table values indicate predictions are low

VII VOLUME EQUATION VERSUS TAPER BASED VOLUME ESTIMATES

The coefficients in Appendix A can be used to estimategross volume directly in standing trees The taper equashytions can also be used to obtain indirect estimates of grossvolume Essentially the taper equation is used to estimateinside bark diameters at the places on the tree bole whereit is to be bucked into lengths These lengths are thenscaled using predicted inside bark diameters and summed toestimate total volume Mathematical integration of thetaper function is impossible so this numerical technique isrequired

It should be emphasized that the taper equations weredeveloped to predict inside bark bole diameters not tree

- 20 shy

volume Hence their adequacy in volume estimation cannotbe judged by conventional statistics Regardless the folshylowing ad hoc comparisons were made

A Comparisons

Diameters total heights and scaled cubic volumes to afive inch top of the trees used in the taper analysis wereutilized for comparative purposes The coefficients fromthe appropriate total height-DEH cubic volume equation wereused to directly predict volumes to a five inch top forthese trees The total height taper equations (H isdefined as total height) have the greatest standard deviashytions and range in bias Consequently they were used forcomparative purposes as a measure of the worst that could bedone using taper equations to obtain volume estimatesThese taper equations were used to predict inside bark diamshyeters at one foot intervals on each tree from the stump to afive inch top Smalians formula was then used to computevolume of each segment which were then summed to give anindirect estimate of cubic volume The following statisticswere then computed for both redwood and Douglas fir

1 Aggregate percentage difference

2 Average percentage difference

3 Root mean square percent deviation (RMSPD) computedas

1

RMSPD = (Z((y - y)y)2n)21 1 1

where

y = volume estimated b~hvolume equation or taper 1 equation for the i sample tree

y1 = actual scaled volume of the ith sample tree

n = number of sample trees

These values are shown in Table 9 and are essentially a measure of how close predicted volumes are to actual scaled tree volumes used in the basic analysis As indicators of lack of bias average and aggregate percent differences should be close to zero The RMSPD value is essentially an approximation to the standard deviation expressed as a pershycent Comparisons of these values for the taper equation with those of the volume equation provides a measure of relative efficiency Judging from table 9 there appears to be no bias in volume prediction from the taper equations

- 21 shy

and RMSPD values are almost identical

Table 9

Comparative statistics for judging differences between volume equation and taper equation based volume estimates

Redwood Douglas fir

Average Aggregate RMSPD Average Aggregate RMSPD difference difference difference difference

---per cent---

Volume -8 8 153 1 -12 11 5 equation

Taper -2 19 15 1 2 11 112 equation

Positive percent differences indicate that the estimators are low compared to actual volumes

To provide a measure of relative compatability between volume equations and taper-based volume estimates ratios of estimates produced by both methods are shown for diameter and height classes of trees used in the taper analysis in tables 10 and 11 Except at the edges of the data set there is remarkable agreement between the estimators considshyering no attempt was made to condition the taper equations

B Evaluation

In the course of this taper analysis several items were noted which are possible areas for refinement

1 The taper equations are overall slightly low judging by the aggregate difference This is probshyably due to estimating dib rather than dib squared which is proportional to volume It is well known that the squared average of a sample is less than the average squared value unless all of the diameters are the same

2 The rather simple expression of the term f in the equation may not be totally adequate for describing taper differences between trees of different DBH and height

--

- 22 shy

3 The increases with height in the ratios of volume equations to taper based estimates is largely due tothe data set being used No significant trendsindicating a lack of fit were detected in a comparishyson of both volume equations and taper estimateswith actual scaled volumes For Douglas fir thedifference is more pronounced and apparently due toa small and somewhat lopsided distribution of thesample trees

We encourage the cooperators to review these taperequations prior to final publication

In summary volume equations produce simple and effishycient estimates of gro~s tree volume However taper equashytions can be used to produce similar estimates although theyare somewhat cumbersome Taper equations are necessary whenvolumes by logs in individual trees are desired

VIII VOLUME TABLES

While the volume equations presented rere are very useshyful for incorporation into inventory analysis programs many foresters will want some of these volume equations turned into table form The combinationsof speciesgroups (3) equation types (2) measurement units (3) and top diameters (4) would require 72 individual volume tables Wben one considers the possible range of form classes of interest the number of possible tables is even more formidable Since any individual would only be interested in a few of these tables no attempt is being made to publish all ofthese tables

However in Appendix C 50 inch merchantable top boardfoot cubic foot and cubic meter tables are given for eachof the two species Redwood and Douglas fir by DBH andtotal height A listing of the computer program used toproduce these tables is available from the authors

TABLE 10 Redwood -- Rat~os of volume equationto taper based estima s of cubic volume froma 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH andHeight classes of trees used in taper analysis

I D8H I

I I 1[I 20 30 -10 50 lr3

TOTAL HEI GHT

70 80 9~3

(FEET)

100 110 120 1313 140 150 160 1E1 1813 190 200

101 12 I I [ 16 I

109 102

97 105 107 101 101

1( 97

108 103

99

112 106 1 D3 103 1 1211 101

107 103 1 [11

102 1 ~j1 1 [10 1 DE1

11 I

1] I

2gt I 24 I i6 I

94

9)

1(

96

99 100

9 99

~H 99

97 93

97 99

100 100 100 99 1 [113 1[10 100 9~1 98

99 100 100 99 99

99 1 O~J 1 (10 1 CH] 99

99 100 100 100 11]0

S18

97

9B

99 9E1

96

97 97

94

2 I 30 I 32 I 34 I 31 I

9B 99

IDO 100

113D 100 1 Em 101 1 cn 1 [11 101 1~j2

1 (C

1 [11 1 [11 101 101 102 102 11212 103 103 103

100 101 102 102 103

100 100 1 I] 1 102 103

SI9 SIE

10D ~)9 1 [11 1 [1[1 101101 102 102

97

98

99 97

1 [I1

E I 40 I Q I 44 I ill I

1 05

106

1 04 1 04 1 03

106 1 07

105 106 106

1 O 1 pound11 1 03 103 104 104

1 r~16

1 00 101 101 1D4 1 D5

4 i[I 32 I 56

I ] ] I I

108 1 Ot

1[17

110 106

5= I 60 I

TABLE 11 Douglas fir Ratios of volume equation to taper based estimates of cubic volume from a 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH and Height classes of trees used in taper analysis

--

I DEH I

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60 7t3

TlJTRL HE IcHT

BO 90

(FEET)

100 110 120

-----------------------------------------------

130 140 150 160 170 181] 196 2130

1j I 12 I 11 I 11 I

86 95 99

n 99 95 92

99

94

1 04 102

97

106 103 1DO

105 1 D1

1 me 103 106

13 I 20 I 2 I 4 I ~C I

9D 93 92 ~30

17 1 00

96 9C

95 97

93 96

93 9)

1 01 1 00

99

9B

97

1 E14 1 05 102 103 101 102 100 1 [12

99 101

104 104 104 1135

1 04

1 1217

106 106

I 30 I 3 I 3[ I C I

-deg 94 97

99 1 00 1 00

99 100

1 04 102 1 I) 1 ll4 101 102

1 0~5 1 06 1 04 1 (16 11215 104 106

1 139 1m

3 I lD I 4 I 44 I 4C I

1 EJ3 104

104

106

4 I 5U I 52 I ~l I 1 I

1 07

5 T CO I

- 23 -

Literature Cited

Akima Hiroshi 1970 A new method of interpolation and smooth curve

fitting based on local procedures ESSA Research Laboratories Boulder Colorado

Baskerville GL1972 Use of logarithmic regression in the estimation

of plant biomass Can J For Res 2(1)49shy53

Bruce Donald Schumacher Francis Y1950 Forest mensuration 3ded xvii 483p

Johnson Floyd A1966 Bark factors for Douglas fir USDA Forest

Servo Res Paper PNW - 34 Pacific NorthwestFor and Rng Exp Sta Portland Ore 3p

Palley Marshall N1959 Board foot volume tables for young growth coashy

stal Redwood California Forestry and ForestProducts No 11 California AgriculturalExpt Station Berkeley California 5p

Wensel Lee C1971 Tree volume equations from measurements taken

with a Barr and Stroud optical dendrometerHilgardia 41(4)55-64

- 24 -

Appendix

CONIFER TREE VOLU~E EQUATIONS

This appendix contains tables of statistical summariesand coefficient estimates of conifer tree volume equationsEach table has six equation summaries three board foot andthree cubic foot each accessed by total height merchantableheight or height in 163 foot logs Stump height isassumed to be one foot and board foot volumes are based onScribner scale with a nominal scaling length of 16 feet witha 3 foot trim allowance Top diameters vary with eachtable Table A1 provides a quick reference guide to tablespecifications

(1) Types of Equations

Equations are of two types

a) D-H Diameter-height equationsb) D-H-GF Diameter-height-form class equations

The form of diameter height equations is indicated

in Fortran notation as

v = BO(DB1)(HB2)

which in regular mathematical notation isb b

V = b D 1H 20

Similarly the form class equations are in Fortrannotation

V = BO(DB1)(HB2)(GFBS)

which in standard notation is equivalent to

b b b V = b 0D 1H 2GF 3

- 25 shy

(2) Exponential Notation

The coefficient estimates are given to 4 signishyficant digits in exponential notation As examples

5639E-03 = 5639x10-3 = 0005639

25639E+02= 5639x10 = 5639

(3) Standard Deviations

a) Logarithmic (LN UNITS) - Standard deviations ofresiduals are reported in natural logarithmic (baseIe) units

b) Normal Units (PERCENT) - Standard deviations arealso reported as a percentage of predicted volumesThis value is also the coefficient of variation

(4) Adjustment for Logarithmic Bias (LN BIAS)

This value is a multiplicative adjustment usushyally negligable that can be used to correct thevolume equations for any inherent bias resulting from the logarithmic transformations in the equation fitting process

(5) Percent Average Deviation (AVE DEV PERCENT)

This value is the average percent deviation ofactual versus predicted values of the sample used infitting the respective equation

(6) Percent Aggregate Difference (AGG DIFF PERCENT)

This value is the percent difference of thetotal actual volume of sample trees versuspredicted Negative values indicate the equationsare low positive values indicate the equations arehigh

---------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------

- 26 -

Quick Reference

TABLE A1

Guide to Conifer Volume Equations

Table No Species Top

Volume

dLb

to

(inches) Equation Type

1 Redwood 8 2 Redwood 8 3 Redwood 7 4 Redwood 7 5 Redwood 6 6 Redwood 6 7 Redwood 5 8 Redwood 5 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas FirWhitewoods

8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 8

18 Whitewoods 8 19 Whitewoods 7 20 Whitewoods 7 21 Whitewoods 6 22 Whitewoods 6 23 Whitewoods 5 24 Whitewoods 5

D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF

T(jDLE 1 GFDS=vCiLUr-IE T(iEIU~ FOP REDLJDDD TPE ~D--H +++gt1lt++gtltfgtIltgtIlt+lt++ ltltlt1ltgt1lt+++gt1gt1laquo1+ltIlt+-JltgtIlt+lgtflt1ltf lt1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt (lII[LI= 17F EI47

10 FDCT STU~PTD 8D IHCHES TDR DIB

EOUATIDH Y = BOID~Dl) II-1B2) IJII[rE

D=DIAM[T[F DUTSIDE BRPK RT 45 FEI=1

H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE DELDW--

E[IIIRD FOOT yoLUMES--STATISTICRL SUllll(IF

I I 1---- I -- - I I 1 ] ] -- --- --- -----

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= W0= W -

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gt- U r-shyl--i-w -lt = ~

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I

TABLE 3 GROSS ~JLUME n~BLES FOR REDWOOD iF[oD11 gt1ltgt1ltgt1gt1lt gt1lt gt1gt1lt gt1ltgt1 gt1ltfgtIltjlt jlt jlt gt1lt gt1yojgtIlt gt1 gt1lt1ltgt1+ +gt1ltgt1lt y gt1lt gt1lt gt1lt1lt gtlt1lt+ I 1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt gt1++O+gtIlty ~nrJIL[ 11 C

10 FOOT STUMP TIJ 70 IHCHES TOP D IB

EQUATION V = BO(Di~Bl)(HB2) LHIEPE

D=DIn~TER OUTSIDE BnRK nT 45 FEEl H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOArD FOOT VCiLUMES--STnTISTICAL ~ U r-111n F~

I I I I -- - I - I 1 1 1 1 I rnIIDfIPD I ~TIIIIDFIFD I I LJJ I FIE 1 AIC 1 I 1 I

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I I I I

DE I ATI 011 I (UJ LHIIT) I

I 204 I

DE I FIl I [111

( RErCEHT)

~2 ( 1

I I I I

PgtI+2

962

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1021

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DE ( [O[iCEIT)

15825

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fshy-shy

-CL

c co shy

] U~

U~_---------shy 2

Ck =CT

c -

- ~ rshy rshy

~Gamp

f = -

0-

~

c c

- -----------~ W ) LL

- -- +

shy-shy

cshy

shy

= W - ~ W-

LL

~ -shy _LL ~ -

- Cj

shy ~

J---~ ~-shy--

c T

crCC

shy - -Qshy

shy - shy - - v

CCD

= =~=LL LL

shy

~--~--~-~-shy== C~

- = cshy~shy

Cj

D [-

LL gt1- c shy ~

shy L - U shy shy -~ --

I-shy cshy-CJ -

Lu I

)U I

Lu-- -U iL 1

f-LlJ

- iitI

I-- I

TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

- r~ Cj D CD In [c Cj Cj [r ~ Cj Cj -

c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

oJ ltj

C]D D ~~-

co fc Cj C In C]

J I

f

)f~ -

c Cj-

c Cj fr

~j

[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

~J CO (I flt - Cj-

L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

C]s CO Lt j ~

- C -

C] -

- ~

)-~ COD

C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

LL lt

LLi

shy

uJ

J

fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

- In fshy

- i--

cr fr

~ 7 s

=7

(j C c] e~

J - D In

ishy D j

1(1- u~ [r

- ~

I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

-

C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

fC deg]

-

I CO Q

~~gt-i~

C Cj Lt ~-- -

CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

is iJ Cj

- iJ co

CQ f

~ (T- c

cr co

CQ CQ

-co-

flt1 co

D D fshy f f= ~ ~s~

- - CJ-CQm r CO

U is)i-

- f COCO

CCshy fr shy crco

shyr

r U~ co f

u

eCi ltI

l5 =J D

D iD

S) in-

In1- ~ f)

CD co CD co OJ

J - co in co f

S) D cr -Jco co CO r shy

-0 CCm J fshy r- m fshy

coco

U ~ u

In lC U

J u

shyc iJ w ~

~

S)f~1

Q C]

co 0 CO co

In rJ cow

In co

- Cj cr S) co CO CD fshy co

~~ ~~ ~6 ~j gg

- -crCCshy co OJ co f r f

1 = CD co

-D mm

- D r~ CQ CO r

CTi -J ~ shy f- r- D

~ -

~

D ~ J U~ CT CO co

= co

f C co f- CD r-

D CD

co r-

Cj r-

I ill

f-W W LL

G) IS)

D G-f u f

- 0 cr- 0 r lL

D fshy

ill

U-i lCi I

J u

~ i D u

W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

-

--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

ill u fshy

-

CI jr

-D -)

J (j

c

---- shy --shy -- -shy

-ill

J C 1 --- J- CO DC ID - C1CC]CJ

co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

- T ~ ~-g

0 -0 03

W

B lJ~IV f-

Q LiJ D ~I -shy=rI CO UJ A

LLA DZ

I (FQf-WI

~2 ~lLi Ir

w c lLi -J OJ Ifshy

- f-W lLi LL

rshy~ ~

~ lLi

~ ~ fshyu f-

I ill A

~ QC]

Q I]

I CD

IS fshy

I~ D

f-J

Q In

CJ

Q 1

~ C~ pJ CJ p~

Q ~

3 Cltj

ISI C]

I~j

IS f~1

IS ISI

C]

- m

0

-J [-

CCj

e ID

C]

IS) In

i~

~

~

r~

Q CJ

e

co C]j ID r- s ~JFJ ~J f ~ rJ ~5 f~~ Cf g ~

~ ~

~ -

GJ ~ ~-s CO ISI In D

GI 1 J

- cr)

D CO

S)-

CP 1 CO r

~ U) - C)

D 3 LJf-

JD -lt

3 G In

[shy0

Ci C) J 9

~

r~ co co

f~1 CO

CO

U~ I -1 ~

r~

In 0)

-lt QCO CD

fshyr 11

f1 tn cc

r~ 7shy0) CO cb

pJ CD

LJ ~

- iel

co q c CO CO CO r- fshy

--OJ -

fshyill LJ

IS) i~

1[1 ~ In cc co rshy

en D C- CO m

J

OJ

0 = - GI rshy

fi fJ

-1 CJ

l1J r 3)

-~ In

In fshy

-1 Ci u

~

fshyn shy

r~1c CO [I

Cj -

LJ u ~ -shy

5 cIn

S) m

fshy

rshy

CT

D In 0 In fshy 1)

-

co - is) ~

ill D iD -1 CO Jshyf- D

r~

C) fj

~

--~-shyr OJ

C J) n i= C 7 1) - -j C Cj

g

-CO

f~1 OJ

CO

f-CD

- CO f CO shy

lr) r~1 fshy -

In f

CO Ii)

pJ CO

en rshy

[-- mCD -

C

c C (j ID co 13)f~ ~ f ~ ~~G~A~ U~DCj f~i r~1 f~ i~

- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

c

csshyOJ C

D Cj S~[~~2

- - J coCJ 2~~~4 ~ --

~-

- en Ji- - J U

- - -

m j) j) co D CCIF - - ( Cj ~H~~f ~ ~

- --

G ~~L~f~ g~ ~ f) ~-f ~~~ ~--- J [j

D - co rS)J -C] r~ r~ ~ 1

-- _ ~J~~5~[~

D

c jC cn ~ 1

C CJ Dc s j~~~~j

~ Jc e CJshy ~c CJc r ~ C

- =

7 - ~- n ~~

cr

~i D

c

~ ui ~ T

C 1) ] Jr CC

~~rlt - i~n DrG

C n i~ j n c r C J j Uc J Cj Cj ~ ~

-7 C q ~i =1- j= GO

D iwi

~ W

C -1UCIS) ~ r~ 1 If) r c= Z9fDJ ~~~~~ 4f~~~

i lic

~ g~ f~ ~ 1 ~~~ 1 ~ [) ~ ~ ) - ~ ~n i gnJ~-pJ CJ CJ ) [5 [2 ~ ~ ~

- ~ =3 f ~ ~s C

co

~ - TC G Cj~ In ---- i 8 ~~~ ~=- CJ CJ Cc pJ

~

~

C

~~ ~~

S) CJ ~

~

1- - rr Jc CJ r) 1 Uc j)

~~j g~ ic 4 wc

=~~ ~ i~~ i

e ~ CJ CC m c- C

CCj r lic D] [1 co c Ct

CJ C CJ

r r~ CJ - Cj

t D co J CJ CJ CJ

~ ~ ~ i i~ j C r~ r ~

- c j I T c c - ~ 1 j ~ )

wc

~

CjD [J

-

co

~

i

c - c f-shyw

i LI J C

-

ifshyi

~H--- LL CC

co u J C-j-J f~ 1 ui

1 C 1) In - CJ C r~

i~cr In - cn ] r i~

C1 D c ~ J r OJ 1] -11uc cr UC -j) [ cco Cr

r ue UC lic in - In r co

T 1 shy co D ~~ J) r C

J J) ) IDshypj J lii r

D co shy 1 C ) J i --

in lic D co - wi cr J Cj CJ

~~[~J~~~

JC c 1 T = Cj- CCj

c)

~ 0 CJ

-jCj

shy

~

= =

~ -

1)- 1)- JCj~

-j gt i~ ec IJ)

Cj f - 8 Z C

T D ~ C T

~

C

-- - D

cr ~ Cj --Cj C C] CO Lc r ~ t

CJ c Uc wc D~= ~~ 3 j ~ ~

- ~shy~---shywc JC D

LL

U I j ltS ~ ----

~ ~~~~ L~~ f f~ co - D T r~

~ Cj-J

() c = LJ ~

ccshyJ

-LL

---1

5S f- -- D LL ~

c

j~

s C

-D CC 0 i~ D

1 in rcn-

CJ 1 1 U

C ~ ~ D - Cj CJ r~

~j) co shy t - CjCJ

com-r~j

~ ~ ~ ~~c

f - jco CJ Cj f~ r~ fr j

D co s ~ li~ - - ej CjC]

D CJC ~ c D r

D C j cr J U- Lc wc j)

C CJ u~ ] f~ [j ~ ~

u

W ---1 CD Jshy

~~ ~ =~

--shy ~ shy

CD ~ shy--

i i

w

- - CD U ~

) eJ 1 lj) CC ~j Fj Z ~ 3 ~f J ~~ ~~ ~Wf~~

s Uc

TI~EIE Ceo FEDtjCiOn

GFI~I~= E[rIPD FCiOT OLUIIETIIFI [ [ilIHE [=[111 1 FllOr =TIIIIF TO ~) IIICH TiiF I I II~I file 1(111lt)

lJDH TOHiL H[ IGlnlFEETJ ~C1I11ICIIF3) 30 40 [1 60 70 80 gO 100 llC1 10 131] 14C) 150 16U 170 10 130 110

)2010 4 3 IJ 2 31-1 10 ) 1 13 76 SIII 105 11 133 1( 17) 1Ii 216 - I 1 13 c (12 6 21 32 44 iB ) )j 1IJJ 130 151 ] r- 200 =6 -_IC cB2 313 3(j J

r14 (oo 17 J )3 111 9 IDD 14 1401 177 07 23] 273 I] 3lri 3( 4 Ii 1 ) Ie 00lt 7Co e 16 11 23 57 deg 103 1 1 162 196 --- 271 313 -- 404 454 iOI itiO tj]7 li76

-71= 14 9 ) IDlj 131 lC 2CC 49 J -41 3I 4)1 51 371 (t 711 J

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3f - 117 ISJ6 293 lor53) 67 =38 1012 1200 14CJ2 161 It)W U91 2346 ~Gl~) 23=J 3191 11 C) - 70)

) 63 131 219 43 597 -0 S35 I1d9 1339 1565 1131]6 2U62 2333 2618 2918 3232 3560 3902

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JI u 1(0 J 111[1 3 1 (12C 1 1I 13 3 1c1] 1)17 1 2i 2i 3 Ii 7 I r ~CI 111 1 11 44 =s 176 21 4deg bO) LlD3 liEU 12i9 1~20 1CD( 2 J [16 ~~rHJ ~~77i 3139 T~ J 43~)CI 1) ~J

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7~iI) 111 -c =0 111 1[Ill] 1 1 1131 1~JC~I 05 72 119 ~5~j~ 4111i ~IC~ 111 11 CII -

- - C - n -

--

-~shy-- shy W

- n = - -

-

- c-C En j j i ~ =~ =

[shyshy

shyn--

shy-C

shy-shy

-~shy

ni CJ - ~ c~ ~ fshy n shy -

~ ~

~ - C ~

J ~ f~

~ -

v U - - -

~ C - ~ -i [- U-i [ ~ ~ - fr n1 - ~

-- - cr co ~ lt f~~ ~

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D n -- - =

shy shyshy ~ cJ gt ~ n Ln J~ -D fshy ishy

c~ tU

w J - -~

C fJ i j) - -+

D shy

fJ CO J) D U~ shy

shyshy

-C J

J =

-

nshy

J-- -1 - - c c J fj ~j CJ ~ 7 T U u) C -

u J n T

shyc- f shy - CJ u~ -- ~ - CC CJ

~ i-CJ i- r 1

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--- shy - -

shy ~shy Cr c - ~ ~ ~~j ~i

~ D 7 Ii- - J c shy W shy

--+ ~f- Cfshy

co ~ - 1 C CJ - ~ i 1

i

- Yi - - - - CJ

~ U~i D CO ~ i ~i 1shy 1 - i

~ fr ---

-j - 7 J~ D - ~ fr En fshy~

- - CJC - - - f

CJ ~1 ~ t- C 0 -~~~-

~ shy

~ Cj C I~ f~ -+ - U~ D fshy 0 - - c i -+ i - --

-4

= D

~~-~C C ~~ T T u~ n D iD shy en f C CJ

LL ~

- ~

-- - - ~

- C cr D C ~ i=j ~~ I

L [~ r I~ -

shy - ---

n --- c~ shy shy

shy ~

T(ELE Cl DOIJC[(I F IF

[iPCI~CLIFIC I-[lOT lOLUIn rnHIE~LUME rROM 1 FOOT STIJMP TO 5 INCH TOP ( 11131Dr uriiIlt)

DElli ITITn I IlL I GHT (fTr FI (I tICIIE) 2[1 --I] 1[1 50 bO 70 80 9n lGG l1l1 120

----shy

- 7lU c 4 f I 11 14 1 0 cc 6 30 r- - L - ) c 11 ]1 Ie 2 26 1 40

114 4 11 15 19 ~4 29 34 39 ~t_ 51 -~16 5 3 1 lC n 2~ 35 42 49 ~i6 to

c 0010 6 10 16 LL 55 43 50 ~j9 b 6

~0 7 12 1 2b j5 41 50 60 69 7 ~1 SiO ~~ n 11 ~ 31] 39 em 58 69 1 I ]1]5

-C24 9 lC 34 44 55 (7 =[1 9- 106 120 26 10 1) F c 50 I 6 90 105 121 IX - CLO 12 21 44 f 71 01 liT 11 136 1~s

30 1 -s c 11 63 3 Sj6 11 12 151 171 nn3~ 14 26 ~ 54 70 106 L6 146 163 190

34 16 29 43 f~D 7 96 11 130 161 IB~i ltU9 c 1036 17 - 1 47 65 1 lOb LJ J - 1f 20

C 1 ~12 1 1~5 165 1SJ2 2U3 19 34 131

10 1 j ~f f 1[i iJ 15 1~)] 1) 20 3]--shy1 ~~ 41 co ) 10 ] 3~ U4 1~1 c -~I

44 ~f 4 C~i SID 1 1~ 1lS 16 ki) ~43 0

IC 6 c U 96 1~~ 16 HE) 2~4 2CD 23 1 ) ) Hi 131 1b I j) f 1 11

SIJ 9 c 30 11[1 143 17 - 16 Sh 3 4J--- - -

shy ~ ~

~n r- T -

C Ui- co - shy j - U_ fr J D~ ~

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~ c jc ~-- U~shy

~ ~ ~

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c

-

-

~~f) U~ -

c U U j shy) ~ cr U~ Cj ~ U~ shy 0

-

( ~ 2- -~ =~

C]

cl

- f~ in -cr

--

j- C ~

~ ~ t fshy] c j gt~

~ ~ ~~~ ~~ Cj C] C ~ J

- (

- ~ J

J c

c j

--shy -J ~

~ pound

shyshy1 u

-oJ -- - ~ -~- - w

J = ) - C CJ7 D D

C c

shy shy cr e]J In - rshy- ~D shy ~~~~~~

n

v y

-shy

1

J Cl -- G

iJ J shy T Cj ~ c~

in Cj C 0 0 shy ~ cr shy c 0 - ~ u~~- -shy

n T ~ ~ cc D h- C r D - CT- 1 - - ~ C] ~]C

- ~ - shy

- C J j ~ Y

--

-1

shy )

~J

~

~~Li Ci8 ~~ ~ r- CrG e]Y

~ = 3 ~~r~ In r-] ~

- ]C = ~ ~ C C] - -

~ -

cn j

- u~ T [~Co gt - Uj U~ L- C p ~

D 0 -cr = r~

i ~ a f q ~2 f ~-~ f~L~ ~) co c- Cj

iT J - = U

~ ~~d~ C] Cj ] c f~

i U~ ~J ~

= i~ f~ ~ f i fshy- ~

~ pound pound r~ c shy rshy co co e] l2- 10 shy cr U

i v

U~ ~]

D D CJ

~i ~s2 - J~ u- = = shy -~ ~ ~~ IJ

D CO CJ

)C] -cshy 1 = ~

~ rl Cl

shy 7 co rshy ~] cc f- ID lo shy-cr U~I0 f-C

C] - - f- c 0 C1c] f eeshyJ = CJ ~I r

~

= f- = - j) = U D - cr =

fshy~ ]

= 0

~ CO D shy ~ 1 l1) ~1 shy

Cl C] r~ ~~~~~ -~ c~ c~ g~ ~ ec c J - C j - 7 cr r- u~ f-

In - Cl U~ ~ j U~ f- CO -~ -

~ T

co (0

LJ gtshy~ en

D

f--shyw u ~ = - )

c-J ~ oj

-

- Jshy co = Co ~co C]c - ~ ~ C]C

~~~ ~ ~ f3 p

1 ~g 0

pound I G u- -f~ cr poundIe] co or r j U~ poundI

- 13) C]r- U~ shy eJ f C]CC Cr~ f~ 7 7

- C]0 eJ ~ U~ J i~ co Cej C] r~ r~

~~=~amp~~

-T J r - r- U~C]U~D Ij) r- co

c-1CCO ~ CD ~ C cshy- 7 en In D

n-u~c- - - ej~ - J - U~

3) cr ~ C- D ~ f~

J 7 = ~ Cj

= U~ ~ shy i C rshy- c c J

~J

L

T CJ ~ - i

~]

7

Q - F

-(J ~

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c

T - 0 D L~ 1 D co -

~~~S~

~j CJ fr 0 -pound J ~]u~ J - - ~]C e]

J ~ 3 ) ~ - ~ e

g~pound ~~ ~ [ltJ

c c - COshyi ~ j) cr C pound C Cq C] r~ r~

shy rshy c ~ C f~ c 7 U~ ~- J IJ shy

if]~~~

LJ -1D of--

In W ~ f ~ ~ ~ ~]~

en u- U~D cr

3S~~J~ C] 0 -~ shy shy ~ J j J

J ~ ~- shy

r~ r~ ~

-

f--yen=

=~

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J shy ~ c]~Ll D - 0 -

c ~ ~ shy - - ~7 li~

- = -

C c] en

-

~

-

= ~( ~ of-shygt0

- f--LL 0 0 LLshy

13)

)

0 -1

cr C-JD co Cl ej

u- f- C -~]0~~GJ

~ L~ rshy c r - - - CC]

co en C]= co II j) r- co co

D C C] U~ 0 C] C] ~ r~ f

C [~ ~ C]

cr Go - C]n

CJ ~ ~ t~

~~ Ci

J

f-shy

i

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CLO LL C LL ~

~ =~ C _1LL - Cgt

co

c ~

c

= c 1 D CO ~j J s ~

= ~] -1 L ~ ~ ~ fr ~ ~ + ~~ s

r

shy ~ ~

shy~

shy~

j Cj CJ C

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u shy

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-

c - ~1 U Cj jj Cj fj f) - - -~ ~

shy

~

-

--

~

~

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J -)

C fJ J ~

J

n - -- J

--~~~ _nC - C

jshy ~ --C OJ -] ~r

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D OJ - cr _1

i) - S OJ-j cr

[))jshy

jj f) fJ

( L jj f

Cj ~

~n

0 c

- =

-

C~

~

- ~J ij Cj c0 ~~Cshy

i cc j ~ ~ f~ ~ -

CIo j ---

ID OJ - en jj ) i

-J

- shy ~ r = (F

j fj C Co -

f fJ C1 f

f)-c) CO cr CJ G i~ j jf] r

-j s i ISgt -

- D IJ

T ~J 1 j 3=G

cr C Ul e~ en e Cl ~

j j v U u j -shy 110 11

C CJ Cj f j) T Cl ) -j

oS G 3nJ

C1 e1 CJ cr ~ - J

fJ ~) p foJ pound -j p

f) f]d rj J) T lgtJ0 -J

-j C i) j CJ ) cn Cj

S c ~n

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FF

- rri

~

OJ S

c

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n-

10shy3)

z C~

IT

OJ ]) U

i~ iC

[

0

0 -J - C c ~1 D ltgt

C 0 CO CO -~ J - 0 lt -j

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~ 2 ~

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( C CJ C f)Cj 0 (S en

amp G )3 ~ [

~ C cj ) -J

iJ - Co

J fJ- U C c

U~i

CT

c-shyJ]

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fj tJ

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en L

J j ijJ J foJ -j fj (shy

rrjshy~n iJ

pS

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J 0 f -J cn -j

enen(cJ C) i_j -j - Cl ~ r~ iS 0 ~

)

~

~1 Cl c C~lC-~ -~

0 -j

J I OJ J ~

-j u ~ ~ ~ ~ j - ru _i- -

-J fj -j j v G

(C

c

j

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J ] u - ]

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8 E~ ~J ~ amp

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-shyj j ~ D -0

-i C1 CO0 0

--

~n fG N

C1 C co iD shy jj

R~~~13

r[j~ J - r

-J c ~J J 0 T Ij Ul

j j fj -ij ~~ ~ ~ C

--

CD IS

-ID S

f [1

j - ~ ~ shy- 0 OJ -i ] C 0 Ci j CJ

0 Cj [j - - en C h) -

D -j en - [) Ul jj

~ ~

C j fj~ - ) r c s

-------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------

- 8 shy

bole from the knownwhere TIPi is the length of the treediameter d or D to the tree top1 1

Tables 4 and 5 give coefficient estimates and a statisticalsummary The sample basis used in developing these equashytions did not utilize top diameters in excess of 14 inches

Table 4

Tip model -- diameter inside bark (d) coefficients and summary 1

---~~~ ~~ ~l ~~---~~~~-~~~-~~_~~~__-Redwood 81 105 -27 752 80 601Douglas Fir 739 103 -24 425 78 143

Table 5

Tip model -- diameter outside bark (D)coefficients and summary 1

Species b b1 b S R2 Sample Size

~ 2 ~~~-------------------Redwood 67 108 -26 698 82 619 Douglas Fir 68 99 -19 394 79 161

E Bark Taper Estimators

Dendrometry measurements were converted to outside barkmeasurements at various heights on standing trees To conshyvert these measurements to diameters inside bark a barktaper model was developed

Douglas fir

There was not enough data available in the sample setto estimate coefficients in a bark taper model for Douglasfir Consequently the model developed by Johnson (1966)for Douglas fir in the Pacific Northwest was considered thenext best alternative This model is

- 9 shy

dD = 559 + 00006h + 203(DDBH) (6 ) I I I I

- 1542(DDBH)2 + 3413 (d D )I s s

This model was also used for other whitewoods

Redwood

Three observations each consisting of height from the ground (h) diameter inside bark (d) and outside bark (D) at rsectndomly selected points on 172 fedwood trees were us~d to develop a redwood bark taper model The following model fitted by nonlinear least squares was found to give the best statistical fit as well as providing a logical and consistent functional form

diDi = dbhDBH + 38(1-dbhDBH)x (7)

(1 -exp(-06(h I - 45raquo)

Total Observations = 521

R2 = 12

Syx = 035

Both coefficients and the overall model were statistically significant at the 01 level The low precision is partly due to measurements being rounded to the nearest tenth inch and the form of the independent variable (dD) Premultishyplying bot~ sides of the expression by D afld fefitting proshyduced an R value of 93 without any real increase in explashynatory power

V Volume Equations

The volume equations developed for each species group in this study are of two general types

Type 1 V = f(DBHH)

Type Q V = f(DBHHGF)

For T~ch equation type and species group twenty-fourequations were estimated by using combinations of the folshylowing items

1 The specIfIcatIons used here for the volume equashytions are those recommended by the Advisory Panel of the Redwood Yield Cooperative

- 10 shy

were used1 Volume types - two volume def~itions

Scribner board foot and cubic feet

2 Height - three definitions of height were used total

height (Ht) merchantable height (Hm) and log height(HI)

3 Merchantable top - volumes were computed to four insidebark top diameter limits -- 8 7 6 and 5 inches

A Scaling Procedures

Volumes for each tree were computed from stump heightto the merchantable top limit As the actual measurementson each tree were not all at even log multiples some meansof interpolation was necessary The best procedure wasfound to be fitting a system of several third order polynoshymials to the actual measurements on each tree (see Akima1970) The basic result of this process was to provide thenumerical equivalent of a free-hand curve drawn through thestem profile conditioned to pass through every measuredpoint This equation system was then utilized to buck thetrees into standard lengths and produce interpolated diameshyters

B Board foot scale

Board foot scale was based on a 10 foot stump heighta nominal log length of 16 feet and a trim allowance of 3

feet Board foot volumes of each log were computed by thefollowing equation (Bruce and Schumacher 1950)

BV = 79(DIA)2 - 2DIA - 4

where DIA is the diameter inside bark at the small end ofthe log

Based on general scaling practices in the region thefollowing procedure was used when the top log was not aneven multiple of 163 feet If the length was less than 8feet the piece was appended to the next lower log which wassubsequently scaled as a long log If it was between 8and 163 feet the piece was appended to the next lower logwhich was subsequentlysplit in half and scaled as twoshort logs

It should be noted that largelydue to the viscissishytudes of the Scribner log rule reducing the top merchantashybility diameter frequently resulted in an overall decreasein the board foot scale for specific trees While no formal

2 Volumes ln CUblC meters are obtained using the cubicfoot equations and metric conversion factors See secshytion VF on metric units

- 11 shy

analysis was performed the general impression gained curingdata analysis was that a top diameter of 6 to 7 inches wouldproduce the maximum overall board foot scale obtainable withthe scaling procedures employed in this study

An end result of this phenomena is that the volumeequations developed in this report are not guaranteed toestimate more board foot volume as the merchantable topdiameter decreases particularly since this is not what hapshypens in practice

C Cubic foot scale

The local taper equation developed for each tree wasused to estimate inside bark diameters at one foot intervalsfrom the stump to the merchantable top Smalians formulawas applied to each one foot segment to compute volumes

D Functional Relationships and Statistical Procedures

The functional form of the volume equations fitted were

b bType 1 V = bo(DBH) 1H 2

b b bType 2 V = b (DBH) 1H 2GF 3

0

For each volume equation case data were transformed bytaking natural logarithms and parameters were subsequentlyestimated by linear least squares regression The constantterm (b) was exponentiated to convert the equation to thenatural Humber scale A synopsis and statistical summaryfor each fitted equation is displayed in Appendix A

Experience has shown that fitting volume equations bythe logarithmic procedure provides consistent and logicalestimators as well as satisfying the usual assumptions ofregression (see Wensel 1973) The major objection is thata negative bias is introduced by this procedure and volumeestimates should be multiplied by a correction factor toprovide theoretically consistent estimates This factoris equal to

exp (5MSE)

where MSE is the mean squared residual of the respectivevolume equation in logarithmic units (Baskerville 1972)This factor (2 to 2 percent) is usually much smaller thanthe statistical error (6 to 22 percent) of the volume equashytions and for most purposes can be ignored These bias corrections are also shown in Appendix A

- 12 -

E Reliability and Adjustments to Local Conditions

The volume tables essentially give average volumesfor trees of a given DBH and height These volumes are subshyject to two sources of statistical error when used for anindividual tree (1) an error associated with estimatingthe true population volume relationship from samplesThis source of error can be reduced by taking more samples(2) An error associatedwith random deviations about thetrue populationvolume relationship This source of errormay be reduced by adding additional explanatory variables(eg form class)

As with all regional volume tables there is a possishybility that stands of trees in specific localities maydepart from the general relationships shown in these tablesAlso where scaling practices differ from the ones used inthis study an additional source of bias may be introducedHence field checks should be made before local use

The followingproceduresare suggested to check theaccuracy of volume tables at the 95 probability level

1 Specify the accuracy level desired for the estimateof tree volume on the average for the stand beingsampled

2 Determine from Table 6 the number of sample treesrequired Sample sizes were computed with the aidof the well known sample size formula

n = t2(CV)2A2

where

n = number of sample trees

t = students t value corresponding to the numberof sample trees and the confidence level being used

CV = coefficient of variation expressed as a decimal

A = accuracy level expressed as a decimal

-------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------

- 13 -

Table 6

Sample trees required for 95 confidence intervalsof various levels of accuracy for tree volumes

Accuracy () Cubic Feet Foard Feet

10 9 168 14 256 25 444 56 1002 225 400

Assumed Coefficient 15 20of Variation ()

3 Once the sample size is chosen trees should beselected for volume measurement that are representashytive of the trees for which volume estimates aredesired Each sample tree is measured for DBBtotal height and volume Volume can be obtainedwith a Relaskop dendrometer or by scaling felledtrees Volumes of sample trees should be determinedby the same procedures used in actual scaling operashytions

4 Compute the percent difference between the measuredvolumes and those estimated by the volume tables foreach sample tree Then compute the average percentdifference for all sample trees

5 If the absolute value of the average percent differshyence ii is less than the accuracy level use thetables without adjustment

6 If the Pi is greater than the accuracy level andthere are no trends in the percent deviations oversize classes multiply estimated volumes by the facshytor

F = (1+P100)

7 Percent deviations sometimes show trends with

estimated volume or DBH in which case regressionadjustments may be utilized For example if thepercentage volume deviation of the sawple varieswith DBH in a linear fashion the following correcshytion factor may be used

F = [1+(P+b(D-D))1CO]D 11

where

- 14 -

F = correction factor for a tree of D inchesD 1

1 15 = average DBH of volume sample trees

b = regression constant computed from the volume sample

2P D - nPD = J J

2D2 - n1521

n = number of sample trees

P = Percent deviation of the jth tree in the J volume sample

D = DBH of the jth tree in the volume sampleJ

If more refined estimates or different confidence levels are desired coefficients of variation derived from Appendix A for each species-volume group can be utilized in conjunction with the famishyliar sample size formula

8 As an example suppose 8 percent accuracy levels were desired at the 95 percent probability level A redwood cubic volume check yielded the followingdata

Total Volumes from Volumes Percent Sample Tree DBH Height Tables Scaled Difference

No (inches) (feet) (cubic feet) (cubic feet) (percent)

1 12 60 14 148 +57 2 12 70 16 17 1 +68 3 12 90 21 228 +48 4 18 90 46 494 +74 5 20 130 82 883 +75 6 22 110 84 917 +92 7 28 100 123 1342 +9 1 8 28 130 160 1755 +97 9 30 120 169 1859 100

10 34 130 234 2604 113 11 36 130 262 2908 110 12 36 140 282 3144 115 13 44 160 477 5380 128 14 44 160 477 5409 134

Averages 2686 +93

- 15 -

In this exampleP = 93 is greater than the 8 per~cent accuracy requirement and may be used to computethe correction factor

F = 1 + 93100 = 1093

There is also a trend in the percentage differencewhich increases with DBH In this case a regresshysion correction factor that varies with DBH will bemore precise The regression coefficient b for

the correction factor FD is computed as1

b = [(57)(12) + (68)(12) + (134)(44) - 14 (93)(2686)][122 + 122 + 442 - 14(2686)2]

= 0227

The correction is then

FD = 1 + (93 + 227 (D- 268))100]i 1

= 1093+00227(D-268)1

For a 44 inch tree the volume estimate from thetable would be adjusted upward by the factor

F44 = 1093+00227(44-268)

= 1132

Adjusted Volume = 1132 x 477 = 540 cubic feet

F Metric Units

Each of the equations presented in this report presumesthat English units are being used In the case where metricunits are used for one or more of the measurements thevolume equations are altered as follows

- 16 -

Measurement Units VolumeDBH Height Desired Conversion(C)

inches feet (feet)-J none

inches feet (meters)shyc3

cm meters (feet)3 (c1-b1)(c2-b2)

cm meters (meters)3(c1-b1) (c2 -b2)c3

Hhere c1 = 254 inchescm

c2 = 03048 ftmeter

c3 = 00283168 m3ft3

b1 b2 = coefficients of the volume equation used

These conversion factors can be used in several HaysFirst if desired measurements of D and H can be converted

using the terms c1 and c2 respectively Alternatively theappropriate composite conversions C can be used to convertthe final volume Desired volume is obtained by multiplyingthe calculated volume from the volume equation times theappropriate conversion factor above

VI CONIFER TAPER MODELS

Taper models estimate diameter inside bark at variousheights on tree boles when only DBH and some measure of treeheight are observed Taper models are used for two princishyple purposes

1 Estimation of the dimensions of upper stem portionsfor defect adjustment in cruising

2 Estimation of the log size mix potentially availablefrom standing trees

A Model Criteria

Taper models are conventionally required to haveseveral properties

1 If total height is an access variable the modelshould predict a diameter inside bark of a at thetree tip Similarly if merchantable height is usedthe equation should predict the top merchantableinside bark diameter at the merchantable height

- 17 shy

2 Predictions of stump or hreast high diameters shouldequal actual measurements at these points Whilethese values are not conventionally recorded in thefield the taper model should be structured sopredicted inside bark diameters can be forcedthrough logical values of these points if necessary

3 Predictions derived from these equations should bealways positive always decrease with increases inbole height and be relatively unbiased at variouspoints on the tree bole

B ~odel Development

Experimentation with several possible functional formsled to the following model which is based on the modifiedinverse of a general sigmoidal equation This model was found form

to satisfy the previous criteria and has the general

d = c D - Df ln[1-Rc1

(1-exp(c f1 - d ~f )))J1 0 1 ~ 0 m~ 1

Where

di = dib in inches at a point lilon the tree bole

D = DBH

h = height in feet from ground to a point i on the tree1 bole

H = general measure of tree height in feet

R = (h-1)(H-1)1

d = merchantable top diameter inside bark correspondingm to the point where h1 = H

f1 = c2 + c3D + c4H

c1 = parameters estimated by regression methods

This model is conditioned so that the predicted diameshyter inside bark will equal a when h = H If H is totalheight d is 0 and the predicted diameter will be a at thetree tip~ Similarly if H is the height to a merchantabletop of say 50 inches d is 50 inches and the predictionwill be conditioned to mpredict 50 inches dib when hi =H

Six taper equations were developed with H being definedas height from the ground to an 85 and C inch (tree tip)

- 18 shy

top dib for redwood and Douglas fir The models werefitted by nonlinear least squares Two to three samplepoints on suitable trees used in the previously desoribedvolume analysis were randomly chosen for equation fittingCoefficient estimates and a statistical summary are shown inTable 7

C Podel Interpretation and Discussion

The coefficient c is interpreted as the ratio ofdib at a 10 foot ~tump to DBH The fitted coefficientswere almost numerically equal to simple ratio estimatorsbased on the same data set so constraining the model was not

considered necessary The term f1 for the taper modelswere chosen after considerable experimentation in attemptsto account for general differences in taper between trees indifferent diameter and height classes Table 8 gives avershyage bias (average difference between actual and predictedvalues) by relative height for all six taper equations Ingeneral these biases are small and quite acceptable for thegeneral level of precision usually required in estimatingupper bole diameters

Table 7

Taper Podel Coefficients and Statistical Summary

REmJOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Merchantable Tops

00 50 80 00 50 80

c 955 956 955 1008 1016 1 0240

387 346 326 415 320 276c1

-362 -247 -211 -275 -169 -142c2

-00581 -00666 -00542 -00770 -00539 -00364c3

00122 00116 000847 000640 000178 000108c4

R2 902 962 967 974 978 975

S 128 119 114 97 81 82yx

SampleCJlze 1238 1217 1164 671 631 574

--

- 19 -

Table 8

Bias of conifer taper equations at various pointon the sample tree boles

REDWOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Equation top diameter Equation top diameter

00 50 80 00 50 80

Bias in Inches

Stump 13 01 -03 22 10 03

DBH -16 01 09 - 15 -03 05

-22 -20 -22 -20 -10 -10h17

30 17 03 25 07 10h33

30 -04 07 35 17 05h5

-06 -03 08 1 1 - 14 -00h67

-34 06 26 -54 -04 00hS5

top 00 00 00 00 00 00

h xx refers to a bole height equal to xx of total height

Positive table values indicate predictions are low

VII VOLUME EQUATION VERSUS TAPER BASED VOLUME ESTIMATES

The coefficients in Appendix A can be used to estimategross volume directly in standing trees The taper equashytions can also be used to obtain indirect estimates of grossvolume Essentially the taper equation is used to estimateinside bark diameters at the places on the tree bole whereit is to be bucked into lengths These lengths are thenscaled using predicted inside bark diameters and summed toestimate total volume Mathematical integration of thetaper function is impossible so this numerical technique isrequired

It should be emphasized that the taper equations weredeveloped to predict inside bark bole diameters not tree

- 20 shy

volume Hence their adequacy in volume estimation cannotbe judged by conventional statistics Regardless the folshylowing ad hoc comparisons were made

A Comparisons

Diameters total heights and scaled cubic volumes to afive inch top of the trees used in the taper analysis wereutilized for comparative purposes The coefficients fromthe appropriate total height-DEH cubic volume equation wereused to directly predict volumes to a five inch top forthese trees The total height taper equations (H isdefined as total height) have the greatest standard deviashytions and range in bias Consequently they were used forcomparative purposes as a measure of the worst that could bedone using taper equations to obtain volume estimatesThese taper equations were used to predict inside bark diamshyeters at one foot intervals on each tree from the stump to afive inch top Smalians formula was then used to computevolume of each segment which were then summed to give anindirect estimate of cubic volume The following statisticswere then computed for both redwood and Douglas fir

1 Aggregate percentage difference

2 Average percentage difference

3 Root mean square percent deviation (RMSPD) computedas

1

RMSPD = (Z((y - y)y)2n)21 1 1

where

y = volume estimated b~hvolume equation or taper 1 equation for the i sample tree

y1 = actual scaled volume of the ith sample tree

n = number of sample trees

These values are shown in Table 9 and are essentially a measure of how close predicted volumes are to actual scaled tree volumes used in the basic analysis As indicators of lack of bias average and aggregate percent differences should be close to zero The RMSPD value is essentially an approximation to the standard deviation expressed as a pershycent Comparisons of these values for the taper equation with those of the volume equation provides a measure of relative efficiency Judging from table 9 there appears to be no bias in volume prediction from the taper equations

- 21 shy

and RMSPD values are almost identical

Table 9

Comparative statistics for judging differences between volume equation and taper equation based volume estimates

Redwood Douglas fir

Average Aggregate RMSPD Average Aggregate RMSPD difference difference difference difference

---per cent---

Volume -8 8 153 1 -12 11 5 equation

Taper -2 19 15 1 2 11 112 equation

Positive percent differences indicate that the estimators are low compared to actual volumes

To provide a measure of relative compatability between volume equations and taper-based volume estimates ratios of estimates produced by both methods are shown for diameter and height classes of trees used in the taper analysis in tables 10 and 11 Except at the edges of the data set there is remarkable agreement between the estimators considshyering no attempt was made to condition the taper equations

B Evaluation

In the course of this taper analysis several items were noted which are possible areas for refinement

1 The taper equations are overall slightly low judging by the aggregate difference This is probshyably due to estimating dib rather than dib squared which is proportional to volume It is well known that the squared average of a sample is less than the average squared value unless all of the diameters are the same

2 The rather simple expression of the term f in the equation may not be totally adequate for describing taper differences between trees of different DBH and height

--

- 22 shy

3 The increases with height in the ratios of volume equations to taper based estimates is largely due tothe data set being used No significant trendsindicating a lack of fit were detected in a comparishyson of both volume equations and taper estimateswith actual scaled volumes For Douglas fir thedifference is more pronounced and apparently due toa small and somewhat lopsided distribution of thesample trees

We encourage the cooperators to review these taperequations prior to final publication

In summary volume equations produce simple and effishycient estimates of gro~s tree volume However taper equashytions can be used to produce similar estimates although theyare somewhat cumbersome Taper equations are necessary whenvolumes by logs in individual trees are desired

VIII VOLUME TABLES

While the volume equations presented rere are very useshyful for incorporation into inventory analysis programs many foresters will want some of these volume equations turned into table form The combinationsof speciesgroups (3) equation types (2) measurement units (3) and top diameters (4) would require 72 individual volume tables Wben one considers the possible range of form classes of interest the number of possible tables is even more formidable Since any individual would only be interested in a few of these tables no attempt is being made to publish all ofthese tables

However in Appendix C 50 inch merchantable top boardfoot cubic foot and cubic meter tables are given for eachof the two species Redwood and Douglas fir by DBH andtotal height A listing of the computer program used toproduce these tables is available from the authors

TABLE 10 Redwood -- Rat~os of volume equationto taper based estima s of cubic volume froma 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH andHeight classes of trees used in taper analysis

I D8H I

I I 1[I 20 30 -10 50 lr3

TOTAL HEI GHT

70 80 9~3

(FEET)

100 110 120 1313 140 150 160 1E1 1813 190 200

101 12 I I [ 16 I

109 102

97 105 107 101 101

1( 97

108 103

99

112 106 1 D3 103 1 1211 101

107 103 1 [11

102 1 ~j1 1 [10 1 DE1

11 I

1] I

2gt I 24 I i6 I

94

9)

1(

96

99 100

9 99

~H 99

97 93

97 99

100 100 100 99 1 [113 1[10 100 9~1 98

99 100 100 99 99

99 1 O~J 1 (10 1 CH] 99

99 100 100 100 11]0

S18

97

9B

99 9E1

96

97 97

94

2 I 30 I 32 I 34 I 31 I

9B 99

IDO 100

113D 100 1 Em 101 1 cn 1 [11 101 1~j2

1 (C

1 [11 1 [11 101 101 102 102 11212 103 103 103

100 101 102 102 103

100 100 1 I] 1 102 103

SI9 SIE

10D ~)9 1 [11 1 [1[1 101101 102 102

97

98

99 97

1 [I1

E I 40 I Q I 44 I ill I

1 05

106

1 04 1 04 1 03

106 1 07

105 106 106

1 O 1 pound11 1 03 103 104 104

1 r~16

1 00 101 101 1D4 1 D5

4 i[I 32 I 56

I ] ] I I

108 1 Ot

1[17

110 106

5= I 60 I

TABLE 11 Douglas fir Ratios of volume equation to taper based estimates of cubic volume from a 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH and Height classes of trees used in taper analysis

--

I DEH I

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60 7t3

TlJTRL HE IcHT

BO 90

(FEET)

100 110 120

-----------------------------------------------

130 140 150 160 170 181] 196 2130

1j I 12 I 11 I 11 I

86 95 99

n 99 95 92

99

94

1 04 102

97

106 103 1DO

105 1 D1

1 me 103 106

13 I 20 I 2 I 4 I ~C I

9D 93 92 ~30

17 1 00

96 9C

95 97

93 96

93 9)

1 01 1 00

99

9B

97

1 E14 1 05 102 103 101 102 100 1 [12

99 101

104 104 104 1135

1 04

1 1217

106 106

I 30 I 3 I 3[ I C I

-deg 94 97

99 1 00 1 00

99 100

1 04 102 1 I) 1 ll4 101 102

1 0~5 1 06 1 04 1 (16 11215 104 106

1 139 1m

3 I lD I 4 I 44 I 4C I

1 EJ3 104

104

106

4 I 5U I 52 I ~l I 1 I

1 07

5 T CO I

- 23 -

Literature Cited

Akima Hiroshi 1970 A new method of interpolation and smooth curve

fitting based on local procedures ESSA Research Laboratories Boulder Colorado

Baskerville GL1972 Use of logarithmic regression in the estimation

of plant biomass Can J For Res 2(1)49shy53

Bruce Donald Schumacher Francis Y1950 Forest mensuration 3ded xvii 483p

Johnson Floyd A1966 Bark factors for Douglas fir USDA Forest

Servo Res Paper PNW - 34 Pacific NorthwestFor and Rng Exp Sta Portland Ore 3p

Palley Marshall N1959 Board foot volume tables for young growth coashy

stal Redwood California Forestry and ForestProducts No 11 California AgriculturalExpt Station Berkeley California 5p

Wensel Lee C1971 Tree volume equations from measurements taken

with a Barr and Stroud optical dendrometerHilgardia 41(4)55-64

- 24 -

Appendix

CONIFER TREE VOLU~E EQUATIONS

This appendix contains tables of statistical summariesand coefficient estimates of conifer tree volume equationsEach table has six equation summaries three board foot andthree cubic foot each accessed by total height merchantableheight or height in 163 foot logs Stump height isassumed to be one foot and board foot volumes are based onScribner scale with a nominal scaling length of 16 feet witha 3 foot trim allowance Top diameters vary with eachtable Table A1 provides a quick reference guide to tablespecifications

(1) Types of Equations

Equations are of two types

a) D-H Diameter-height equationsb) D-H-GF Diameter-height-form class equations

The form of diameter height equations is indicated

in Fortran notation as

v = BO(DB1)(HB2)

which in regular mathematical notation isb b

V = b D 1H 20

Similarly the form class equations are in Fortrannotation

V = BO(DB1)(HB2)(GFBS)

which in standard notation is equivalent to

b b b V = b 0D 1H 2GF 3

- 25 shy

(2) Exponential Notation

The coefficient estimates are given to 4 signishyficant digits in exponential notation As examples

5639E-03 = 5639x10-3 = 0005639

25639E+02= 5639x10 = 5639

(3) Standard Deviations

a) Logarithmic (LN UNITS) - Standard deviations ofresiduals are reported in natural logarithmic (baseIe) units

b) Normal Units (PERCENT) - Standard deviations arealso reported as a percentage of predicted volumesThis value is also the coefficient of variation

(4) Adjustment for Logarithmic Bias (LN BIAS)

This value is a multiplicative adjustment usushyally negligable that can be used to correct thevolume equations for any inherent bias resulting from the logarithmic transformations in the equation fitting process

(5) Percent Average Deviation (AVE DEV PERCENT)

This value is the average percent deviation ofactual versus predicted values of the sample used infitting the respective equation

(6) Percent Aggregate Difference (AGG DIFF PERCENT)

This value is the percent difference of thetotal actual volume of sample trees versuspredicted Negative values indicate the equationsare low positive values indicate the equations arehigh

---------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------

- 26 -

Quick Reference

TABLE A1

Guide to Conifer Volume Equations

Table No Species Top

Volume

dLb

to

(inches) Equation Type

1 Redwood 8 2 Redwood 8 3 Redwood 7 4 Redwood 7 5 Redwood 6 6 Redwood 6 7 Redwood 5 8 Redwood 5 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas FirWhitewoods

8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 8

18 Whitewoods 8 19 Whitewoods 7 20 Whitewoods 7 21 Whitewoods 6 22 Whitewoods 6 23 Whitewoods 5 24 Whitewoods 5

D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF

T(jDLE 1 GFDS=vCiLUr-IE T(iEIU~ FOP REDLJDDD TPE ~D--H +++gt1lt++gtltfgtIltgtIlt+lt++ ltltlt1ltgt1lt+++gt1gt1laquo1+ltIlt+-JltgtIlt+lgtflt1ltf lt1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt (lII[LI= 17F EI47

10 FDCT STU~PTD 8D IHCHES TDR DIB

EOUATIDH Y = BOID~Dl) II-1B2) IJII[rE

D=DIAM[T[F DUTSIDE BRPK RT 45 FEI=1

H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE DELDW--

E[IIIRD FOOT yoLUMES--STATISTICRL SUllll(IF

I I 1---- I -- - I I 1 ] ] -- --- --- -----

I cTAtlDl~RD I T(1tID~IFD I I UI I ](1 E 11l~G 1 I ] I DEI IITI DI-I I DE I (1T I elll J pJI I B 1(1 I 1DE DIFF 1 CC 1 Ell 1 c

I UI UHIT~)I 1REPCEllrr I I I I( FEPCEIIT) IPERCEIIT) 1 I 1 I -- I ---- ------ ------- 1 I -shy --- I I 1 1 1 ] -- ----- -- --

H=TCTIIL- HEICIIT I 2D5 I 2273 I 956 I ID21 I 16018 I 646 I 170E-031026[+01 1197[-+[l1 1 I I 1 I 1 1 1 ] [

H=iIEFCI-1liE I CIIT I 10 I 1620 I 977 1 IDll I 11895 I 3 2~ 1 I l1l=-LJ I 1 1437E+0 1 I L~~IEI r J 1 I 1 I--shy - I ]_-shy 1 1 1 [ -- --- -- -- --- --

HcLLI I-IEJ[I-IT I I 1 I I I I C5rJ~E+[lCi 1 1 17E+I] 1 I 12~rJ+ 11

I - 1 -- -- -- -------- I 1 ] 1--------- I I 1 J

CUEIC FDoT yoLUMES--STATIST]CAL SU~1RRY 1 1 1------shy [ ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ~)THtH)IjPD I ~T(1tIDnFD ] ] UI I I~[ I IG[ I I [ I DEI (1TI ClI1 I DEI III I 1III ] RltI+~ [ BIAS I DEY 1 D]FF 1 DD 1 DI I [ I ILH 1111 1r3) I 1REFCEII-r) I I 1 (PERCENT) 1 (PERCEHT) 1 1 [ 1shy - - -- I -- --- I I -- 1- - ]-- I --shy ---- - ] -I --- ----- -- --- ----- -- --- ------- ------- --- ------

H=TOTHL IH_cICHT I 17D I 1E IE I 963 ] 10]4 I 13200 I CS ] 1 41 I-- (j 1 12 lJ r+[i 1 I 1 [I lltJ 1 [

I - shy - I --- ----- -- --- ] ] 1 1--shy 1 1 1 [ H=IIEFCI-1 liE lei-IT j L I 12 2 I 981 I 1007 1 9425 ] 21BEI I 1OFIE-[l ] 145[+1] 1 I 1[l19E+111J

[ I I [ 1 1 1 I ] [ H=LOC HEICHT I ] I 1 ] ] 15E+DD 1 14[+Dl 1 1U6JEIII I

I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

~shy - ~ - -----1shy - j -00 - c

-+ -shy- shy

+ Wl - shyco -

j j

--~----shy -----shy

=~ -shy +shyw

= c LiJiW

= LiJ

Cj i - ~ ~ co -- ~

j J - J

-~------shy - i -=

----------shy- - i

0

-D D

=i= ~

co LiJ T w

rlt D shy

wLiJiClJi r~ i 1 =T

C ishy

--~--shyD I J I -

~-

c ~

LiJW =

w 0JD i D

W co cor~1 i shy

~ iDCO C-shy

- --~--~-shy W U~I

gt- shyr-i shy

~~ W+

wc

D-Dshycn LL+f=

W ~~ f~ T

W- LL = r-

U J -

tD ~

i-D-W

- i ~~

1 - Cj

-) i~

- QW = en- -------

iI en Wfw~ -1 7 ~ r-O-~-

C

c

G jj U~

gshy-shy QC = U~ ~ shy -

-w I D-~

LJ D ~

shy shy en =

J c

- ---- -

en I Q QC

-j --

W cn U~

~D

= ~ co t rshy

~22 -w

= LL LL

(i -U~

c

- ~-shy--- T D = -

-- == U~ ~ Q

en en -

shy -J ~

co- D- u+shy

- --D-

W i ~ - --

~

~ c gt -~~~---shy U W ]

rshy

-shy = C] + LL

Q=I LL

Q = cshy - -

uLL cJ

U co

u

J gtT T

7 - W ~o-shy

= W0= W -

CL L c

CL

~-~shy~ Ljshy

gt- U r-shyl--i-w -lt = ~

U

==--Dshy= -gt W -WDshy

-

C Q - ~-----shy

~ f CL-shygtILshy

j C- ishy

-- gtII-

f=uJ en Q - --------

shy

u c- -lLJ lLJ -I -shy -

lLJ -1 = I U shy - n C C ishy -1 II = = =

I

TABLE 3 GROSS ~JLUME n~BLES FOR REDWOOD iF[oD11 gt1ltgt1ltgt1gt1lt gt1lt gt1gt1lt gt1ltgt1 gt1ltfgtIltjlt jlt jlt gt1lt gt1yojgtIlt gt1 gt1lt1ltgt1+ +gt1ltgt1lt y gt1lt gt1lt gt1lt1lt gtlt1lt+ I 1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt gt1++O+gtIlty ~nrJIL[ 11 C

10 FOOT STUMP TIJ 70 IHCHES TOP D IB

EQUATION V = BO(Di~Bl)(HB2) LHIEPE

D=DIn~TER OUTSIDE BnRK nT 45 FEEl H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOArD FOOT VCiLUMES--STnTISTICAL ~ U r-111n F~

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0 0

CTi

lt-f ILshy

~ shy

LL W

-

G -10

-shy

- - - iT

w~ j iLL LL n cr

= -S2

LL = shyi

LL ~

- I - 2

u~ +

~2shy

-LL LL

~

L

DCP LL CC rshy

~

C--2W I H

HH~_~_~shy

(C LJ i~i

un U~ c ~- H

LL+W G

- U~ Cj - -shy ~ - C ~ r~i

L ~~ = shy - ~ ~ -~ u l--

LlJ - - W

w r 9i

---CL

- --li

-1+ 22J~~ ~~~~~

- - shygt + C shy -

~ - -- - -

- -

i- ~ -shy -shy

CL ~ J gt

--3 7-

J ~shy ~~~~~ - -shy --

-shy

c D -

+LL ~+

~ ~ -

f-LL I 2

~j c

i

D-

C C JW = ~c

~ ~ LL c ---~ - r- cc - -

~~~_H~~H

- - ~

r--LLL u -shy -

~~~~~~~

QS~-

Ci shy

-- U - +

J ---

LL-1 ~ A -

fshy -shy

- -LlJ -

shy~

J

I u jshy -i- ishy

u II

D

- ~ ~ - shy~~~--

-~lJJ w

- - C

-- - cj

~~ ~ ~ ~ shy

~ +LL uJ -shy

-- OJ shy

~ ~

~~~-~ ~--~--C2

ilJ LiJ lJJ-G rshyiei-

lJJ OJ CO -

OJ u~ cr

- - i-- -shyiJ7ishy ~ ~ ~ ~

-

-C- if-i fshy

~ lJJcn ~ co

L7 CJiJLiJ - l iJ lJJlJJ tJ

LLJ~ ~- CJ -- -J - 15 iJU

IS - Q~T ~ c - C =wshy -C- --- w - - -- U~

~ gt- = - IT - shy- - shy~ -

i- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ iI ~ iJf- C] i

ii ~ ii u JI iJ7i-LiJ ~ ~ - r- i II - ~ - - gt- i f~ -

-

G -~ i-

f- ~ lJJuJ f- ~~(J -

c

wi- f-~ c C) IS Q iI Q Q

lJJD LiJ i

OJ - gt- fshyT~ ~ ~f- I

_~i lJJ= In ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ r- -- cn~~~~~ U~~~~

- iJ

-~ V c- - cr - I

--C~ ~ ----

C] = I

w gt- G e J-IS f- gt- OJ G~ cc - - ~

- -

-i

-~~~~shy~LiJ~ef- gtshy

-7-0 f- -- j -i -- uJ Ci]

ilS ec ~ c

~f-

7- --i - -

LJJ - -- Q ~

lJJ IS

Gcc ~~-~shyf-

f- -[L ~

[shy~ -

3c~-

-- gt- j

-~ -

Q ISshyiJ~ ~

i-- r- -- Cf

Q = =-IS-gtshy

~ shy

f- fshy

--shyu

w lJJ

-J -- --

r- ~- shy

F -d J

IiI

----~_r-~shy~ - - i = I i C i

-- [

-

D ~i~- shy

- ~- r- r-shy ~ shy - ~ ~ shy - -~ ~ - ~

--- ~

-

=shy- - W

shy ishy

r

~-~-shy ----~ ~ --

shy

Cj

SJ +

W shycr CT i- -- -

~

0 D -Lu

~--~~-shy-

J

- ~shy

[shy

W C -- r-

-In cr u cI

Lu W D [ Cj C co U

----

-~----

LL

L1 u -

= ~ QJ

LU U~ U ) LL = cshy

-

)LLW) LL ~

~ - -Q

shycr r~

J C shy-

Q

~ ~ - ~ LL CC r-

LL u

wi LL -

shyf-2W un --shy

-

---i

j C[ WI -~-LL LL

- - --~

W+ =shy W

-

T-

- U~

Q-W J ~ shy~ cshy

~G~- LL LL

-cshy 5~= I

fshy-shy

-CL

c co shy

] U~

U~_---------shy 2

Ck =CT

c -

- ~ rshy rshy

~Gamp

f = -

0-

~

c c

- -----------~ W ) LL

- -- +

shy-shy

cshy

shy

= W - ~ W-

LL

~ -shy _LL ~ -

- Cj

shy ~

J---~ ~-shy--

c T

crCC

shy - -Qshy

shy - shy - - v

CCD

= =~=LL LL

shy

~--~--~-~-shy== C~

- = cshy~shy

Cj

D [-

LL gt1- c shy ~

shy L - U shy shy -~ --

I-shy cshy-CJ -

Lu I

)U I

Lu-- -U iL 1

f-LlJ

- iitI

I-- I

TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

- r~ Cj D CD In [c Cj Cj [r ~ Cj Cj -

c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

oJ ltj

C]D D ~~-

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TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

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70 j 71 61

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78

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71

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75

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79

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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

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J 0 f -J cn -j

enen(cJ C) i_j -j - Cl ~ r~ iS 0 ~

)

~

~1 Cl c C~lC-~ -~

0 -j

J I OJ J ~

-j u ~ ~ ~ ~ j - ru _i- -

-J fj -j j v G

(C

c

j

~~-~shy

J ] u - ]

- - - ~- j ] jj ~ D -j

8 E~ ~J ~ amp

- OJ -j -j 0 CD C

-j ~ 0 0 CO -J ]) ~ ]) -j

-shyj j ~ D -0

-i C1 CO0 0

--

~n fG N

C1 C co iD shy jj

R~~~13

r[j~ J - r

-J c ~J J 0 T Ij Ul

j j fj -ij ~~ ~ ~ C

--

CD IS

-ID S

f [1

j - ~ ~ shy- 0 OJ -i ] C 0 Ci j CJ

0 Cj [j - - en C h) -

D -j en - [) Ul jj

~ ~

C j fj~ - ) r c s

- 9 shy

dD = 559 + 00006h + 203(DDBH) (6 ) I I I I

- 1542(DDBH)2 + 3413 (d D )I s s

This model was also used for other whitewoods

Redwood

Three observations each consisting of height from the ground (h) diameter inside bark (d) and outside bark (D) at rsectndomly selected points on 172 fedwood trees were us~d to develop a redwood bark taper model The following model fitted by nonlinear least squares was found to give the best statistical fit as well as providing a logical and consistent functional form

diDi = dbhDBH + 38(1-dbhDBH)x (7)

(1 -exp(-06(h I - 45raquo)

Total Observations = 521

R2 = 12

Syx = 035

Both coefficients and the overall model were statistically significant at the 01 level The low precision is partly due to measurements being rounded to the nearest tenth inch and the form of the independent variable (dD) Premultishyplying bot~ sides of the expression by D afld fefitting proshyduced an R value of 93 without any real increase in explashynatory power

V Volume Equations

The volume equations developed for each species group in this study are of two general types

Type 1 V = f(DBHH)

Type Q V = f(DBHHGF)

For T~ch equation type and species group twenty-fourequations were estimated by using combinations of the folshylowing items

1 The specIfIcatIons used here for the volume equashytions are those recommended by the Advisory Panel of the Redwood Yield Cooperative

- 10 shy

were used1 Volume types - two volume def~itions

Scribner board foot and cubic feet

2 Height - three definitions of height were used total

height (Ht) merchantable height (Hm) and log height(HI)

3 Merchantable top - volumes were computed to four insidebark top diameter limits -- 8 7 6 and 5 inches

A Scaling Procedures

Volumes for each tree were computed from stump heightto the merchantable top limit As the actual measurementson each tree were not all at even log multiples some meansof interpolation was necessary The best procedure wasfound to be fitting a system of several third order polynoshymials to the actual measurements on each tree (see Akima1970) The basic result of this process was to provide thenumerical equivalent of a free-hand curve drawn through thestem profile conditioned to pass through every measuredpoint This equation system was then utilized to buck thetrees into standard lengths and produce interpolated diameshyters

B Board foot scale

Board foot scale was based on a 10 foot stump heighta nominal log length of 16 feet and a trim allowance of 3

feet Board foot volumes of each log were computed by thefollowing equation (Bruce and Schumacher 1950)

BV = 79(DIA)2 - 2DIA - 4

where DIA is the diameter inside bark at the small end ofthe log

Based on general scaling practices in the region thefollowing procedure was used when the top log was not aneven multiple of 163 feet If the length was less than 8feet the piece was appended to the next lower log which wassubsequently scaled as a long log If it was between 8and 163 feet the piece was appended to the next lower logwhich was subsequentlysplit in half and scaled as twoshort logs

It should be noted that largelydue to the viscissishytudes of the Scribner log rule reducing the top merchantashybility diameter frequently resulted in an overall decreasein the board foot scale for specific trees While no formal

2 Volumes ln CUblC meters are obtained using the cubicfoot equations and metric conversion factors See secshytion VF on metric units

- 11 shy

analysis was performed the general impression gained curingdata analysis was that a top diameter of 6 to 7 inches wouldproduce the maximum overall board foot scale obtainable withthe scaling procedures employed in this study

An end result of this phenomena is that the volumeequations developed in this report are not guaranteed toestimate more board foot volume as the merchantable topdiameter decreases particularly since this is not what hapshypens in practice

C Cubic foot scale

The local taper equation developed for each tree wasused to estimate inside bark diameters at one foot intervalsfrom the stump to the merchantable top Smalians formulawas applied to each one foot segment to compute volumes

D Functional Relationships and Statistical Procedures

The functional form of the volume equations fitted were

b bType 1 V = bo(DBH) 1H 2

b b bType 2 V = b (DBH) 1H 2GF 3

0

For each volume equation case data were transformed bytaking natural logarithms and parameters were subsequentlyestimated by linear least squares regression The constantterm (b) was exponentiated to convert the equation to thenatural Humber scale A synopsis and statistical summaryfor each fitted equation is displayed in Appendix A

Experience has shown that fitting volume equations bythe logarithmic procedure provides consistent and logicalestimators as well as satisfying the usual assumptions ofregression (see Wensel 1973) The major objection is thata negative bias is introduced by this procedure and volumeestimates should be multiplied by a correction factor toprovide theoretically consistent estimates This factoris equal to

exp (5MSE)

where MSE is the mean squared residual of the respectivevolume equation in logarithmic units (Baskerville 1972)This factor (2 to 2 percent) is usually much smaller thanthe statistical error (6 to 22 percent) of the volume equashytions and for most purposes can be ignored These bias corrections are also shown in Appendix A

- 12 -

E Reliability and Adjustments to Local Conditions

The volume tables essentially give average volumesfor trees of a given DBH and height These volumes are subshyject to two sources of statistical error when used for anindividual tree (1) an error associated with estimatingthe true population volume relationship from samplesThis source of error can be reduced by taking more samples(2) An error associatedwith random deviations about thetrue populationvolume relationship This source of errormay be reduced by adding additional explanatory variables(eg form class)

As with all regional volume tables there is a possishybility that stands of trees in specific localities maydepart from the general relationships shown in these tablesAlso where scaling practices differ from the ones used inthis study an additional source of bias may be introducedHence field checks should be made before local use

The followingproceduresare suggested to check theaccuracy of volume tables at the 95 probability level

1 Specify the accuracy level desired for the estimateof tree volume on the average for the stand beingsampled

2 Determine from Table 6 the number of sample treesrequired Sample sizes were computed with the aidof the well known sample size formula

n = t2(CV)2A2

where

n = number of sample trees

t = students t value corresponding to the numberof sample trees and the confidence level being used

CV = coefficient of variation expressed as a decimal

A = accuracy level expressed as a decimal

-------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------

- 13 -

Table 6

Sample trees required for 95 confidence intervalsof various levels of accuracy for tree volumes

Accuracy () Cubic Feet Foard Feet

10 9 168 14 256 25 444 56 1002 225 400

Assumed Coefficient 15 20of Variation ()

3 Once the sample size is chosen trees should beselected for volume measurement that are representashytive of the trees for which volume estimates aredesired Each sample tree is measured for DBBtotal height and volume Volume can be obtainedwith a Relaskop dendrometer or by scaling felledtrees Volumes of sample trees should be determinedby the same procedures used in actual scaling operashytions

4 Compute the percent difference between the measuredvolumes and those estimated by the volume tables foreach sample tree Then compute the average percentdifference for all sample trees

5 If the absolute value of the average percent differshyence ii is less than the accuracy level use thetables without adjustment

6 If the Pi is greater than the accuracy level andthere are no trends in the percent deviations oversize classes multiply estimated volumes by the facshytor

F = (1+P100)

7 Percent deviations sometimes show trends with

estimated volume or DBH in which case regressionadjustments may be utilized For example if thepercentage volume deviation of the sawple varieswith DBH in a linear fashion the following correcshytion factor may be used

F = [1+(P+b(D-D))1CO]D 11

where

- 14 -

F = correction factor for a tree of D inchesD 1

1 15 = average DBH of volume sample trees

b = regression constant computed from the volume sample

2P D - nPD = J J

2D2 - n1521

n = number of sample trees

P = Percent deviation of the jth tree in the J volume sample

D = DBH of the jth tree in the volume sampleJ

If more refined estimates or different confidence levels are desired coefficients of variation derived from Appendix A for each species-volume group can be utilized in conjunction with the famishyliar sample size formula

8 As an example suppose 8 percent accuracy levels were desired at the 95 percent probability level A redwood cubic volume check yielded the followingdata

Total Volumes from Volumes Percent Sample Tree DBH Height Tables Scaled Difference

No (inches) (feet) (cubic feet) (cubic feet) (percent)

1 12 60 14 148 +57 2 12 70 16 17 1 +68 3 12 90 21 228 +48 4 18 90 46 494 +74 5 20 130 82 883 +75 6 22 110 84 917 +92 7 28 100 123 1342 +9 1 8 28 130 160 1755 +97 9 30 120 169 1859 100

10 34 130 234 2604 113 11 36 130 262 2908 110 12 36 140 282 3144 115 13 44 160 477 5380 128 14 44 160 477 5409 134

Averages 2686 +93

- 15 -

In this exampleP = 93 is greater than the 8 per~cent accuracy requirement and may be used to computethe correction factor

F = 1 + 93100 = 1093

There is also a trend in the percentage differencewhich increases with DBH In this case a regresshysion correction factor that varies with DBH will bemore precise The regression coefficient b for

the correction factor FD is computed as1

b = [(57)(12) + (68)(12) + (134)(44) - 14 (93)(2686)][122 + 122 + 442 - 14(2686)2]

= 0227

The correction is then

FD = 1 + (93 + 227 (D- 268))100]i 1

= 1093+00227(D-268)1

For a 44 inch tree the volume estimate from thetable would be adjusted upward by the factor

F44 = 1093+00227(44-268)

= 1132

Adjusted Volume = 1132 x 477 = 540 cubic feet

F Metric Units

Each of the equations presented in this report presumesthat English units are being used In the case where metricunits are used for one or more of the measurements thevolume equations are altered as follows

- 16 -

Measurement Units VolumeDBH Height Desired Conversion(C)

inches feet (feet)-J none

inches feet (meters)shyc3

cm meters (feet)3 (c1-b1)(c2-b2)

cm meters (meters)3(c1-b1) (c2 -b2)c3

Hhere c1 = 254 inchescm

c2 = 03048 ftmeter

c3 = 00283168 m3ft3

b1 b2 = coefficients of the volume equation used

These conversion factors can be used in several HaysFirst if desired measurements of D and H can be converted

using the terms c1 and c2 respectively Alternatively theappropriate composite conversions C can be used to convertthe final volume Desired volume is obtained by multiplyingthe calculated volume from the volume equation times theappropriate conversion factor above

VI CONIFER TAPER MODELS

Taper models estimate diameter inside bark at variousheights on tree boles when only DBH and some measure of treeheight are observed Taper models are used for two princishyple purposes

1 Estimation of the dimensions of upper stem portionsfor defect adjustment in cruising

2 Estimation of the log size mix potentially availablefrom standing trees

A Model Criteria

Taper models are conventionally required to haveseveral properties

1 If total height is an access variable the modelshould predict a diameter inside bark of a at thetree tip Similarly if merchantable height is usedthe equation should predict the top merchantableinside bark diameter at the merchantable height

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2 Predictions of stump or hreast high diameters shouldequal actual measurements at these points Whilethese values are not conventionally recorded in thefield the taper model should be structured sopredicted inside bark diameters can be forcedthrough logical values of these points if necessary

3 Predictions derived from these equations should bealways positive always decrease with increases inbole height and be relatively unbiased at variouspoints on the tree bole

B ~odel Development

Experimentation with several possible functional formsled to the following model which is based on the modifiedinverse of a general sigmoidal equation This model was found form

to satisfy the previous criteria and has the general

d = c D - Df ln[1-Rc1

(1-exp(c f1 - d ~f )))J1 0 1 ~ 0 m~ 1

Where

di = dib in inches at a point lilon the tree bole

D = DBH

h = height in feet from ground to a point i on the tree1 bole

H = general measure of tree height in feet

R = (h-1)(H-1)1

d = merchantable top diameter inside bark correspondingm to the point where h1 = H

f1 = c2 + c3D + c4H

c1 = parameters estimated by regression methods

This model is conditioned so that the predicted diameshyter inside bark will equal a when h = H If H is totalheight d is 0 and the predicted diameter will be a at thetree tip~ Similarly if H is the height to a merchantabletop of say 50 inches d is 50 inches and the predictionwill be conditioned to mpredict 50 inches dib when hi =H

Six taper equations were developed with H being definedas height from the ground to an 85 and C inch (tree tip)

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top dib for redwood and Douglas fir The models werefitted by nonlinear least squares Two to three samplepoints on suitable trees used in the previously desoribedvolume analysis were randomly chosen for equation fittingCoefficient estimates and a statistical summary are shown inTable 7

C Podel Interpretation and Discussion

The coefficient c is interpreted as the ratio ofdib at a 10 foot ~tump to DBH The fitted coefficientswere almost numerically equal to simple ratio estimatorsbased on the same data set so constraining the model was not

considered necessary The term f1 for the taper modelswere chosen after considerable experimentation in attemptsto account for general differences in taper between trees indifferent diameter and height classes Table 8 gives avershyage bias (average difference between actual and predictedvalues) by relative height for all six taper equations Ingeneral these biases are small and quite acceptable for thegeneral level of precision usually required in estimatingupper bole diameters

Table 7

Taper Podel Coefficients and Statistical Summary

REmJOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Merchantable Tops

00 50 80 00 50 80

c 955 956 955 1008 1016 1 0240

387 346 326 415 320 276c1

-362 -247 -211 -275 -169 -142c2

-00581 -00666 -00542 -00770 -00539 -00364c3

00122 00116 000847 000640 000178 000108c4

R2 902 962 967 974 978 975

S 128 119 114 97 81 82yx

SampleCJlze 1238 1217 1164 671 631 574

--

- 19 -

Table 8

Bias of conifer taper equations at various pointon the sample tree boles

REDWOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Equation top diameter Equation top diameter

00 50 80 00 50 80

Bias in Inches

Stump 13 01 -03 22 10 03

DBH -16 01 09 - 15 -03 05

-22 -20 -22 -20 -10 -10h17

30 17 03 25 07 10h33

30 -04 07 35 17 05h5

-06 -03 08 1 1 - 14 -00h67

-34 06 26 -54 -04 00hS5

top 00 00 00 00 00 00

h xx refers to a bole height equal to xx of total height

Positive table values indicate predictions are low

VII VOLUME EQUATION VERSUS TAPER BASED VOLUME ESTIMATES

The coefficients in Appendix A can be used to estimategross volume directly in standing trees The taper equashytions can also be used to obtain indirect estimates of grossvolume Essentially the taper equation is used to estimateinside bark diameters at the places on the tree bole whereit is to be bucked into lengths These lengths are thenscaled using predicted inside bark diameters and summed toestimate total volume Mathematical integration of thetaper function is impossible so this numerical technique isrequired

It should be emphasized that the taper equations weredeveloped to predict inside bark bole diameters not tree

- 20 shy

volume Hence their adequacy in volume estimation cannotbe judged by conventional statistics Regardless the folshylowing ad hoc comparisons were made

A Comparisons

Diameters total heights and scaled cubic volumes to afive inch top of the trees used in the taper analysis wereutilized for comparative purposes The coefficients fromthe appropriate total height-DEH cubic volume equation wereused to directly predict volumes to a five inch top forthese trees The total height taper equations (H isdefined as total height) have the greatest standard deviashytions and range in bias Consequently they were used forcomparative purposes as a measure of the worst that could bedone using taper equations to obtain volume estimatesThese taper equations were used to predict inside bark diamshyeters at one foot intervals on each tree from the stump to afive inch top Smalians formula was then used to computevolume of each segment which were then summed to give anindirect estimate of cubic volume The following statisticswere then computed for both redwood and Douglas fir

1 Aggregate percentage difference

2 Average percentage difference

3 Root mean square percent deviation (RMSPD) computedas

1

RMSPD = (Z((y - y)y)2n)21 1 1

where

y = volume estimated b~hvolume equation or taper 1 equation for the i sample tree

y1 = actual scaled volume of the ith sample tree

n = number of sample trees

These values are shown in Table 9 and are essentially a measure of how close predicted volumes are to actual scaled tree volumes used in the basic analysis As indicators of lack of bias average and aggregate percent differences should be close to zero The RMSPD value is essentially an approximation to the standard deviation expressed as a pershycent Comparisons of these values for the taper equation with those of the volume equation provides a measure of relative efficiency Judging from table 9 there appears to be no bias in volume prediction from the taper equations

- 21 shy

and RMSPD values are almost identical

Table 9

Comparative statistics for judging differences between volume equation and taper equation based volume estimates

Redwood Douglas fir

Average Aggregate RMSPD Average Aggregate RMSPD difference difference difference difference

---per cent---

Volume -8 8 153 1 -12 11 5 equation

Taper -2 19 15 1 2 11 112 equation

Positive percent differences indicate that the estimators are low compared to actual volumes

To provide a measure of relative compatability between volume equations and taper-based volume estimates ratios of estimates produced by both methods are shown for diameter and height classes of trees used in the taper analysis in tables 10 and 11 Except at the edges of the data set there is remarkable agreement between the estimators considshyering no attempt was made to condition the taper equations

B Evaluation

In the course of this taper analysis several items were noted which are possible areas for refinement

1 The taper equations are overall slightly low judging by the aggregate difference This is probshyably due to estimating dib rather than dib squared which is proportional to volume It is well known that the squared average of a sample is less than the average squared value unless all of the diameters are the same

2 The rather simple expression of the term f in the equation may not be totally adequate for describing taper differences between trees of different DBH and height

--

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3 The increases with height in the ratios of volume equations to taper based estimates is largely due tothe data set being used No significant trendsindicating a lack of fit were detected in a comparishyson of both volume equations and taper estimateswith actual scaled volumes For Douglas fir thedifference is more pronounced and apparently due toa small and somewhat lopsided distribution of thesample trees

We encourage the cooperators to review these taperequations prior to final publication

In summary volume equations produce simple and effishycient estimates of gro~s tree volume However taper equashytions can be used to produce similar estimates although theyare somewhat cumbersome Taper equations are necessary whenvolumes by logs in individual trees are desired

VIII VOLUME TABLES

While the volume equations presented rere are very useshyful for incorporation into inventory analysis programs many foresters will want some of these volume equations turned into table form The combinationsof speciesgroups (3) equation types (2) measurement units (3) and top diameters (4) would require 72 individual volume tables Wben one considers the possible range of form classes of interest the number of possible tables is even more formidable Since any individual would only be interested in a few of these tables no attempt is being made to publish all ofthese tables

However in Appendix C 50 inch merchantable top boardfoot cubic foot and cubic meter tables are given for eachof the two species Redwood and Douglas fir by DBH andtotal height A listing of the computer program used toproduce these tables is available from the authors

TABLE 10 Redwood -- Rat~os of volume equationto taper based estima s of cubic volume froma 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH andHeight classes of trees used in taper analysis

I D8H I

I I 1[I 20 30 -10 50 lr3

TOTAL HEI GHT

70 80 9~3

(FEET)

100 110 120 1313 140 150 160 1E1 1813 190 200

101 12 I I [ 16 I

109 102

97 105 107 101 101

1( 97

108 103

99

112 106 1 D3 103 1 1211 101

107 103 1 [11

102 1 ~j1 1 [10 1 DE1

11 I

1] I

2gt I 24 I i6 I

94

9)

1(

96

99 100

9 99

~H 99

97 93

97 99

100 100 100 99 1 [113 1[10 100 9~1 98

99 100 100 99 99

99 1 O~J 1 (10 1 CH] 99

99 100 100 100 11]0

S18

97

9B

99 9E1

96

97 97

94

2 I 30 I 32 I 34 I 31 I

9B 99

IDO 100

113D 100 1 Em 101 1 cn 1 [11 101 1~j2

1 (C

1 [11 1 [11 101 101 102 102 11212 103 103 103

100 101 102 102 103

100 100 1 I] 1 102 103

SI9 SIE

10D ~)9 1 [11 1 [1[1 101101 102 102

97

98

99 97

1 [I1

E I 40 I Q I 44 I ill I

1 05

106

1 04 1 04 1 03

106 1 07

105 106 106

1 O 1 pound11 1 03 103 104 104

1 r~16

1 00 101 101 1D4 1 D5

4 i[I 32 I 56

I ] ] I I

108 1 Ot

1[17

110 106

5= I 60 I

TABLE 11 Douglas fir Ratios of volume equation to taper based estimates of cubic volume from a 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH and Height classes of trees used in taper analysis

--

I DEH I

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60 7t3

TlJTRL HE IcHT

BO 90

(FEET)

100 110 120

-----------------------------------------------

130 140 150 160 170 181] 196 2130

1j I 12 I 11 I 11 I

86 95 99

n 99 95 92

99

94

1 04 102

97

106 103 1DO

105 1 D1

1 me 103 106

13 I 20 I 2 I 4 I ~C I

9D 93 92 ~30

17 1 00

96 9C

95 97

93 96

93 9)

1 01 1 00

99

9B

97

1 E14 1 05 102 103 101 102 100 1 [12

99 101

104 104 104 1135

1 04

1 1217

106 106

I 30 I 3 I 3[ I C I

-deg 94 97

99 1 00 1 00

99 100

1 04 102 1 I) 1 ll4 101 102

1 0~5 1 06 1 04 1 (16 11215 104 106

1 139 1m

3 I lD I 4 I 44 I 4C I

1 EJ3 104

104

106

4 I 5U I 52 I ~l I 1 I

1 07

5 T CO I

- 23 -

Literature Cited

Akima Hiroshi 1970 A new method of interpolation and smooth curve

fitting based on local procedures ESSA Research Laboratories Boulder Colorado

Baskerville GL1972 Use of logarithmic regression in the estimation

of plant biomass Can J For Res 2(1)49shy53

Bruce Donald Schumacher Francis Y1950 Forest mensuration 3ded xvii 483p

Johnson Floyd A1966 Bark factors for Douglas fir USDA Forest

Servo Res Paper PNW - 34 Pacific NorthwestFor and Rng Exp Sta Portland Ore 3p

Palley Marshall N1959 Board foot volume tables for young growth coashy

stal Redwood California Forestry and ForestProducts No 11 California AgriculturalExpt Station Berkeley California 5p

Wensel Lee C1971 Tree volume equations from measurements taken

with a Barr and Stroud optical dendrometerHilgardia 41(4)55-64

- 24 -

Appendix

CONIFER TREE VOLU~E EQUATIONS

This appendix contains tables of statistical summariesand coefficient estimates of conifer tree volume equationsEach table has six equation summaries three board foot andthree cubic foot each accessed by total height merchantableheight or height in 163 foot logs Stump height isassumed to be one foot and board foot volumes are based onScribner scale with a nominal scaling length of 16 feet witha 3 foot trim allowance Top diameters vary with eachtable Table A1 provides a quick reference guide to tablespecifications

(1) Types of Equations

Equations are of two types

a) D-H Diameter-height equationsb) D-H-GF Diameter-height-form class equations

The form of diameter height equations is indicated

in Fortran notation as

v = BO(DB1)(HB2)

which in regular mathematical notation isb b

V = b D 1H 20

Similarly the form class equations are in Fortrannotation

V = BO(DB1)(HB2)(GFBS)

which in standard notation is equivalent to

b b b V = b 0D 1H 2GF 3

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(2) Exponential Notation

The coefficient estimates are given to 4 signishyficant digits in exponential notation As examples

5639E-03 = 5639x10-3 = 0005639

25639E+02= 5639x10 = 5639

(3) Standard Deviations

a) Logarithmic (LN UNITS) - Standard deviations ofresiduals are reported in natural logarithmic (baseIe) units

b) Normal Units (PERCENT) - Standard deviations arealso reported as a percentage of predicted volumesThis value is also the coefficient of variation

(4) Adjustment for Logarithmic Bias (LN BIAS)

This value is a multiplicative adjustment usushyally negligable that can be used to correct thevolume equations for any inherent bias resulting from the logarithmic transformations in the equation fitting process

(5) Percent Average Deviation (AVE DEV PERCENT)

This value is the average percent deviation ofactual versus predicted values of the sample used infitting the respective equation

(6) Percent Aggregate Difference (AGG DIFF PERCENT)

This value is the percent difference of thetotal actual volume of sample trees versuspredicted Negative values indicate the equationsare low positive values indicate the equations arehigh

---------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------

- 26 -

Quick Reference

TABLE A1

Guide to Conifer Volume Equations

Table No Species Top

Volume

dLb

to

(inches) Equation Type

1 Redwood 8 2 Redwood 8 3 Redwood 7 4 Redwood 7 5 Redwood 6 6 Redwood 6 7 Redwood 5 8 Redwood 5 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas FirWhitewoods

8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 8

18 Whitewoods 8 19 Whitewoods 7 20 Whitewoods 7 21 Whitewoods 6 22 Whitewoods 6 23 Whitewoods 5 24 Whitewoods 5

D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF

T(jDLE 1 GFDS=vCiLUr-IE T(iEIU~ FOP REDLJDDD TPE ~D--H +++gt1lt++gtltfgtIltgtIlt+lt++ ltltlt1ltgt1lt+++gt1gt1laquo1+ltIlt+-JltgtIlt+lgtflt1ltf lt1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt (lII[LI= 17F EI47

10 FDCT STU~PTD 8D IHCHES TDR DIB

EOUATIDH Y = BOID~Dl) II-1B2) IJII[rE

D=DIAM[T[F DUTSIDE BRPK RT 45 FEI=1

H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE DELDW--

E[IIIRD FOOT yoLUMES--STATISTICRL SUllll(IF

I I 1---- I -- - I I 1 ] ] -- --- --- -----

I cTAtlDl~RD I T(1tID~IFD I I UI I ](1 E 11l~G 1 I ] I DEI IITI DI-I I DE I (1T I elll J pJI I B 1(1 I 1DE DIFF 1 CC 1 Ell 1 c

I UI UHIT~)I 1REPCEllrr I I I I( FEPCEIIT) IPERCEIIT) 1 I 1 I -- I ---- ------ ------- 1 I -shy --- I I 1 1 1 ] -- ----- -- --

H=TCTIIL- HEICIIT I 2D5 I 2273 I 956 I ID21 I 16018 I 646 I 170E-031026[+01 1197[-+[l1 1 I I 1 I 1 1 1 ] [

H=iIEFCI-1liE I CIIT I 10 I 1620 I 977 1 IDll I 11895 I 3 2~ 1 I l1l=-LJ I 1 1437E+0 1 I L~~IEI r J 1 I 1 I--shy - I ]_-shy 1 1 1 [ -- --- -- -- --- --

HcLLI I-IEJ[I-IT I I 1 I I I I C5rJ~E+[lCi 1 1 17E+I] 1 I 12~rJ+ 11

I - 1 -- -- -- -------- I 1 ] 1--------- I I 1 J

CUEIC FDoT yoLUMES--STATIST]CAL SU~1RRY 1 1 1------shy [ ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ~)THtH)IjPD I ~T(1tIDnFD ] ] UI I I~[ I IG[ I I [ I DEI (1TI ClI1 I DEI III I 1III ] RltI+~ [ BIAS I DEY 1 D]FF 1 DD 1 DI I [ I ILH 1111 1r3) I 1REFCEII-r) I I 1 (PERCENT) 1 (PERCEHT) 1 1 [ 1shy - - -- I -- --- I I -- 1- - ]-- I --shy ---- - ] -I --- ----- -- --- ----- -- --- ------- ------- --- ------

H=TOTHL IH_cICHT I 17D I 1E IE I 963 ] 10]4 I 13200 I CS ] 1 41 I-- (j 1 12 lJ r+[i 1 I 1 [I lltJ 1 [

I - shy - I --- ----- -- --- ] ] 1 1--shy 1 1 1 [ H=IIEFCI-1 liE lei-IT j L I 12 2 I 981 I 1007 1 9425 ] 21BEI I 1OFIE-[l ] 145[+1] 1 I 1[l19E+111J

[ I I [ 1 1 1 I ] [ H=LOC HEICHT I ] I 1 ] ] 15E+DD 1 14[+Dl 1 1U6JEIII I

I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

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w 0JD i D

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en en -

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Q=I LL

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uLL cJ

U co

u

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CL L c

CL

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U

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C Q - ~-----shy

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TABLE 3 GROSS ~JLUME n~BLES FOR REDWOOD iF[oD11 gt1ltgt1ltgt1gt1lt gt1lt gt1gt1lt gt1ltgt1 gt1ltfgtIltjlt jlt jlt gt1lt gt1yojgtIlt gt1 gt1lt1ltgt1+ +gt1ltgt1lt y gt1lt gt1lt gt1lt1lt gtlt1lt+ I 1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt gt1++O+gtIlty ~nrJIL[ 11 C

10 FOOT STUMP TIJ 70 IHCHES TOP D IB

EQUATION V = BO(Di~Bl)(HB2) LHIEPE

D=DIn~TER OUTSIDE BnRK nT 45 FEEl H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOArD FOOT VCiLUMES--STnTISTICAL ~ U r-111n F~

I I I I -- - I - I 1 1 1 1 I rnIIDfIPD I ~TIIIIDFIFD I I LJJ I FIE 1 AIC 1 I 1 I

H=TOTRl HEICHT

I I I I

DE I ATI 011 I (UJ LHIIT) I

I 204 I

DE I FIl I [111

( RErCEHT)

~2 ( 1

I I I I

PgtI+2

962

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1021

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DE ( [O[iCEIT)

15825

1 II I FF I (REf~CEIIT) 1----I 261

I DO ] Bl I I ] 1 I -ICJDI--031 Clfl2E+D

I ] 1

11

82

1 (2EI-II

1 I -I 1 J

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1 I 1 I I --

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978

1 1--------I 1012 I 12064 I- - I I I I - - -- - - I --

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-- - -- --

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CtJD ]C FOOT VOLUMES--STnTISTlcnL ~31J 1III(j P

H=TCiWIL HEICHT

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1761

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968

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1013

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FIIc fiIFF

(PEICEIIT)

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1

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H=rlEPCI1 HE I CHT

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(1] I 1 I I

1 DU 1 1 I I

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TnBLE 7 GrOSS VOLUME TABLES FOr rEDWOOD TITI=II-II ~jIltiltIfIIltlt+AltIltjIltII1Iltjfjlt+V++hgtllt+Ijlt+f+j1lt+jltVgtf+fjltj++yengtf FIIHLE IZL 9DO

10 FOOT ~3TlHlr= TO 50] tICHE~3 TOP D I Ei

FeUrn] CHJ = BI] (lHB 1) (HKfB2) IHIErE

D=DIAMETLR OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IH FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BiJHFDFOOT VOLUMES--STHTISTICAL SUIlIlftl] ] 1-------- I I I 1 1 1 11 ~T(jHDIlfD I ~3T(III D FIr]) I I Uj I IIE I AGC I 1 1 ]] ])EI] AT 011 ] DEI AT] ON I RfK2 I B]n~= ] DE I D]FF ] B0 I 81 I 82 ]] (LH UII IT~) 1 ( FEF~CEtIT) I I I (PEfCEIITI I (1r~FIEljT) 1 I I 1] ] I 1 1-------- I -- shy on- - -- 1 ----- I 1 I

H=TOT(1L HEIGHT ] 2H 1 41D I 971 ] 1024 1 16800 ] --2 0~19 ] 1J3 j E - U3 I 0 21 [+0 1 I 1 1[-I U 1 T

] ]------- I -- --_- ] - - -- - ] - - - - ---- I ] [ --1-- I

] I I 1 1----- ] 1 [ 1 ---1H=IIEICHHE] CHT I 1[j I 1849 I 982 ] 1015 I 13243 I 1 -37 I 23[111 -1]2 I HSI4[+O 1 I 1~)16L +U 11

H=LOG HE]11-1-1 I 1 ] 1 I I I 12~EHIO] 1694E+0 11 1[516E+0 II] - _- - - -- I I 1 ]----- I 1 ] 1 I

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMFS--STATISTICAL SUr1f1HP(1 --- I 1 - 1 ] I---- ] 1-- ] 1

1 I)E]I1TIDII I DEIHTIOtl I PI+2 I 13]It3 I DE I DIfF I 80 I Bl ] B +] (LH Utl ITS) I (PEPCEtIT) I I I ( PEPCEIIT) I (PEFCEtH) I ] I ]1 ---------- I I ] -- I I I -- -- ---- I - I J

I ~TAtmnPD I ~=TntjDnPD ] I UJ I FIiE I Her I I I I

H=TOTAL HEICHT ] 149 I 1609 I 979 1 1 011 I 11 709 I 25 I 903[-C3 I 1792E+0 1 I 121EIIJ 1 I1 1--------- I ] 1-------- I I - I T I

H=11EPCH HE 1CHT I 132 I 141( I 984 I 1009 I 10327 I 2603 I 5[10~JEm021 I596E+fl I 10CE+C11 J1 1---- I I I-- I 1 ] 1 1

H=LOG HEI GI-n ] I I I I I I 967CE-01 ]15[+011 1(1(DE+Ol1] ]---- ] 1 ]-- ] ] 1 1 1

--

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shy - HHHHHH_HH ----~

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co CJ CD Cj C

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--- ltL f- CL I ~7o cJ l - - ~f= f-eltW II~H~~

CJ c u -~ f- ~C -1

e-WW ~ ---+~ L = U~ -- cr CDT- -- - 01 gt ill

- - - ~ -

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iJ ~ f- -

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U~ W 0 fshy= t in -4 -WC U~~~~

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H

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b l~ e- ~ ~ -co

s -

LlJ~ -1 cJtr-- =uCt 5

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LJ - L0

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-ushy0~T -- - W H G U D -

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f- fshy

cJ

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--

f- 0 -C) D l- = -1 ii Ii ii

r r

l~BLE 9 cross VOLUME TRBLES FOR DOUGLRS FIR 11 r~1)- H

gtIlt+fgtt-++gtIltjlt+lctfgtjgtjjgtII++++IltffIltIIltf++YIltgtIlt -ltfllllLE~3I L no 10 FOOT Sl~MP TO 80 INCHES TOP D IB

EDURTIDrl 130(IlfgtfD I ) UIB2) IJHEPE

D=DIRM~TER OUTSIDE BRRK AT 45 FEET 11=HE ] CI-Ilshy ] 11 FEET DF~ tILlf1EiEf~~ DI L[lC~=---~=[E BELDLJ--

BorWD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL 3L1f--1rlAR ] 1 1---- I I 1---_----shy 1 1- 1 1 1 I

STANDARD 1 Sl~NDARD 1 DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2

1 LJJ I I B If1S I

rIF DE

I 1IGLi 1 DIFF

I 1 J ] I 80 I 81 1 82 1

I (Ul LlHIr) I (PERCErn) I 1 I (PERCEtIT) 1 (P[PCEtrn II I 1 1 1- I --- -- 1 1- ----shy ) 1 1 1

H=TOTf4L HEIGHT I 154 11670 1 967 1 1012 1 11681 1 -1153 I 1Opound9E-[12 I I 793E+0 II lCU9[+U 1 I 1 1 1shy ] 1 1------ I ----- - - - ---] shy - -I I ---

I-I=IIEFCH I-IEI CHr I ID 1 II 13 1 984 I 1006 1 E213 1 1 29~ilE-O 11 IJ2~IE+O II 11iEICilI1236

1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 --H=LOG I-IEICHT 1 1 1 1 1 I I 79CI2[HII] 1 152(jf~H] 1 1 II7[ICll1

1 1 1 1 1 1 I ---- -- - --- I shy - I- - --- - [ ------

CLIEIC FOOT VOLUMES--STRTISTICAL ~ U flrl14 P

1 1 1---shy 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1 J =TmID~IRD I STIIIJDbIPD 1 I Ll1 1 fl[ I AGG 1 ] [ I 1 DElbITIOll I DE 1 biT 1 ON 1 f(++2 I Ellfl~ I DE 1 DlfF I 80 1 81 1 B2 I I (LH lJtjIF) 1 (PERCEIIT) 1 1 1 (PERCEIIT) 1 (PERCENT) 1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] I I - - ---1 - - 1 --_ 1 -- - --- - _shy I ---

H=TOTIL H[IGHT I 13 I 1 14[15 I 971 I 1009 1 9t19 1 - R3C I I [l4l--0I I 703EH] II 1379E+0 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I 1 - 1

1-1=III~fCH HIICIIT 1 D~II 1 ~I 4= 1 986 ] 1004 1 6 7~i 1 91~ ] 121I[-D] IclSE+II] 11111[1111I 1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I ] I I 1201UI+CIIIII47~JE+OII mIIE-I)l] I I I 1 -- -- 1 I - shy _-shy - I ---shy- -- I 1 -shy - I --------- ----- -----

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~--shy

--

Tshy -~ rshy

- -- -shy i-W

LL

- LL

D co - ~

C LL

CC c-

- - - ~

ishy - CLshyshy f- LlJ - I - L - CL r- LLJ --U~= -

D

--

f

-

~~~-~~~

=6~c- -I fshy ~

e I-- S-C-j--

f~ -

Igt == f-wJ Ui - -

--~~~~

fshy-shy

shy- r-

UJ I

- t= D tshy

I

i

L

L

f II

~

-- -

-

--

~j

~ -- - ~ -- --

-- J -i-shy-

cu = I i -ishy

- -- - - -----gtshy

w ~L -- -- W CI - c D

C=f ~ - ~ ~~ I gt~ -

j- u ~i~ -shy~---shy~ ~

~

- =1 t T rltU ~ ~ lJJ -W --

in in U~ D w ~~ CD CO w C] ~- - J -- ~~ ~

~---~

~shy~--~--~ r~ I C] D [~i Ci iJ ~ D

~ T I + LL J lJJ lJJ LU

- J 0 -- w co Tshy

~ W D Cj CD L cr C]

~il1lJJ

LL lJJ ~--~~

U~ cn - L f- f- Ishy~ ~ lJJ U~ J Cr- - -- T [~ lJJ ~ ~ LL LLi ~ ~ ~ LL LU

D

= 1 ~ LLe ~LL J J ~LL U il 1 I~il CL II -- il~ 1 shy- 7-- in II 1 Q W I C] QilJ

- I l 1 J I i J CL 1e I - I I = ~ I

= I I J I I = I~a~ f-il U~--~~~~~---~~ U~~~~~ I lJJ

n -+ e CD GG J -w

II I- - fshy ~ ~w~t

~- u ~ -wgtw

cr)

L JgtW

LU - -gtWU j - gtLUU crr--~ il U~ II lt= CL i U~ II lt= il

we W I p] (i ~ LU 0) w l- CLI~ r- CL tt s ~ t- II I II

Sf 1

-(I [2tij I-U~~~~

I ~~~~~

I-CI~~~~

= LL I D I

c- - cn u U~ co r- I In ~ ~ ~ il~ z c ~ I G z G D I =~ - shyef= w - CD - A -- ~ ~ ~ Di

3~ - ~~ ~ ~ I i ~ J -D C J I I

C I ~ gt gt I i -- ~~~~~ ~ ~ ~- ~---~-~-shyf- T - ~ f- Ishy

~ - -iI

-- DD

OJh- ~ f-u LL C) shy-- CT

7- L =w lt= I ~ il I il

-~ - I W D

w~~~~-~~~~~~ r--

T ~

QDfshy -- crf-W = lt=I U CO Z~il IIgt W r- r i-WCL U~ lt= ~

~~-~~-~

J 1 z U~Ilt=Dishylil~~ 1 ~I G i- z (1 pjI lt=II gtI z ~I IIgtZII-LU I cn lt= -

I

Ishyr fJ -- ishy

lJJ LJ r

-shyI I- D iJ D I- L- II II II

r r r

~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~

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~

-

LlJ I

--

~ ~ shy H

~

-~ ~

-- H c--shy

c-

shy -~ ~ ~~ -~~~~ HH~iHH_~~

+

i --

C i cr

- i

~~~~shy -~ ~ H

- 0~

-= C- LL w Lj

c -

0 0

CTi

lt-f ILshy

~ shy

LL W

-

G -10

-shy

- - - iT

w~ j iLL LL n cr

= -S2

LL = shyi

LL ~

- I - 2

u~ +

~2shy

-LL LL

~

L

DCP LL CC rshy

~

C--2W I H

HH~_~_~shy

(C LJ i~i

un U~ c ~- H

LL+W G

- U~ Cj - -shy ~ - C ~ r~i

L ~~ = shy - ~ ~ -~ u l--

LlJ - - W

w r 9i

---CL

- --li

-1+ 22J~~ ~~~~~

- - shygt + C shy -

~ - -- - -

- -

i- ~ -shy -shy

CL ~ J gt

--3 7-

J ~shy ~~~~~ - -shy --

-shy

c D -

+LL ~+

~ ~ -

f-LL I 2

~j c

i

D-

C C JW = ~c

~ ~ LL c ---~ - r- cc - -

~~~_H~~H

- - ~

r--LLL u -shy -

~~~~~~~

QS~-

Ci shy

-- U - +

J ---

LL-1 ~ A -

fshy -shy

- -LlJ -

shy~

J

I u jshy -i- ishy

u II

D

- ~ ~ - shy~~~--

-~lJJ w

- - C

-- - cj

~~ ~ ~ ~ shy

~ +LL uJ -shy

-- OJ shy

~ ~

~~~-~ ~--~--C2

ilJ LiJ lJJ-G rshyiei-

lJJ OJ CO -

OJ u~ cr

- - i-- -shyiJ7ishy ~ ~ ~ ~

-

-C- if-i fshy

~ lJJcn ~ co

L7 CJiJLiJ - l iJ lJJlJJ tJ

LLJ~ ~- CJ -- -J - 15 iJU

IS - Q~T ~ c - C =wshy -C- --- w - - -- U~

~ gt- = - IT - shy- - shy~ -

i- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ iI ~ iJf- C] i

ii ~ ii u JI iJ7i-LiJ ~ ~ - r- i II - ~ - - gt- i f~ -

-

G -~ i-

f- ~ lJJuJ f- ~~(J -

c

wi- f-~ c C) IS Q iI Q Q

lJJD LiJ i

OJ - gt- fshyT~ ~ ~f- I

_~i lJJ= In ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ r- -- cn~~~~~ U~~~~

- iJ

-~ V c- - cr - I

--C~ ~ ----

C] = I

w gt- G e J-IS f- gt- OJ G~ cc - - ~

- -

-i

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-7-0 f- -- j -i -- uJ Ci]

ilS ec ~ c

~f-

7- --i - -

LJJ - -- Q ~

lJJ IS

Gcc ~~-~shyf-

f- -[L ~

[shy~ -

3c~-

-- gt- j

-~ -

Q ISshyiJ~ ~

i-- r- -- Cf

Q = =-IS-gtshy

~ shy

f- fshy

--shyu

w lJJ

-J -- --

r- ~- shy

F -d J

IiI

----~_r-~shy~ - - i = I i C i

-- [

-

D ~i~- shy

- ~- r- r-shy ~ shy - ~ ~ shy - -~ ~ - ~

--- ~

-

=shy- - W

shy ishy

r

~-~-shy ----~ ~ --

shy

Cj

SJ +

W shycr CT i- -- -

~

0 D -Lu

~--~~-shy-

J

- ~shy

[shy

W C -- r-

-In cr u cI

Lu W D [ Cj C co U

----

-~----

LL

L1 u -

= ~ QJ

LU U~ U ) LL = cshy

-

)LLW) LL ~

~ - -Q

shycr r~

J C shy-

Q

~ ~ - ~ LL CC r-

LL u

wi LL -

shyf-2W un --shy

-

---i

j C[ WI -~-LL LL

- - --~

W+ =shy W

-

T-

- U~

Q-W J ~ shy~ cshy

~G~- LL LL

-cshy 5~= I

fshy-shy

-CL

c co shy

] U~

U~_---------shy 2

Ck =CT

c -

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~Gamp

f = -

0-

~

c c

- -----------~ W ) LL

- -- +

shy-shy

cshy

shy

= W - ~ W-

LL

~ -shy _LL ~ -

- Cj

shy ~

J---~ ~-shy--

c T

crCC

shy - -Qshy

shy - shy - - v

CCD

= =~=LL LL

shy

~--~--~-~-shy== C~

- = cshy~shy

Cj

D [-

LL gt1- c shy ~

shy L - U shy shy -~ --

I-shy cshy-CJ -

Lu I

)U I

Lu-- -U iL 1

f-LlJ

- iitI

I-- I

TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

- r~ Cj D CD In [c Cj Cj [r ~ Cj Cj -

c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

oJ ltj

C]D D ~~-

co fc Cj C In C]

J I

f

)f~ -

c Cj-

c Cj fr

~j

[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

~J CO (I flt - Cj-

L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

C]s CO Lt j ~

- C -

C] -

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)-~ COD

C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

LL lt

LLi

shy

uJ

J

fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

- In fshy

- i--

cr fr

~ 7 s

=7

(j C c] e~

J - D In

ishy D j

1(1- u~ [r

- ~

I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

-

C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

fC deg]

-

I CO Q

~~gt-i~

C Cj Lt ~-- -

CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

is iJ Cj

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CQ f

~ (T- c

cr co

CQ CQ

-co-

flt1 co

D D fshy f f= ~ ~s~

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U is)i-

- f COCO

CCshy fr shy crco

shyr

r U~ co f

u

eCi ltI

l5 =J D

D iD

S) in-

In1- ~ f)

CD co CD co OJ

J - co in co f

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-0 CCm J fshy r- m fshy

coco

U ~ u

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S)f~1

Q C]

co 0 CO co

In rJ cow

In co

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1 = CD co

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CTi -J ~ shy f- r- D

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~

D ~ J U~ CT CO co

= co

f C co f- CD r-

D CD

co r-

Cj r-

I ill

f-W W LL

G) IS)

D G-f u f

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D fshy

ill

U-i lCi I

J u

~ i D u

W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

-

--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

ill u fshy

-

CI jr

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J (j

c

---- shy --shy -- -shy

-ill

J C 1 --- J- CO DC ID - C1CC]CJ

co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

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0 -0 03

W

B lJ~IV f-

Q LiJ D ~I -shy=rI CO UJ A

LLA DZ

I (FQf-WI

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w c lLi -J OJ Ifshy

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rshy~ ~

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I ill A

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Q I]

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fshyr 11

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pJ CD

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co q c CO CO CO r- fshy

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fshyill LJ

IS) i~

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en D C- CO m

J

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fi fJ

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l1J r 3)

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fshyn shy

r~1c CO [I

Cj -

LJ u ~ -shy

5 cIn

S) m

fshy

rshy

CT

D In 0 In fshy 1)

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co - is) ~

ill D iD -1 CO Jshyf- D

r~

C) fj

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C J) n i= C 7 1) - -j C Cj

g

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f~1 OJ

CO

f-CD

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C

c C (j ID co 13)f~ ~ f ~ ~~G~A~ U~DCj f~i r~1 f~ i~

- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

c

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D Cj S~[~~2

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c

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C 1) ] Jr CC

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C n i~ j n c r C J j Uc J Cj Cj ~ ~

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C -1UCIS) ~ r~ 1 If) r c= Z9fDJ ~~~~~ 4f~~~

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JC c 1 T = Cj- CCj

c)

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shy

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= =

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1)- 1)- JCj~

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Cj f - 8 Z C

T D ~ C T

~

C

-- - D

cr ~ Cj --Cj C C] CO Lc r ~ t

CJ c Uc wc D~= ~~ 3 j ~ ~

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LL

U I j ltS ~ ----

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() c = LJ ~

ccshyJ

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---1

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CJ 1 1 U

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TI~EIE Ceo FEDtjCiOn

GFI~I~= E[rIPD FCiOT OLUIIETIIFI [ [ilIHE [=[111 1 FllOr =TIIIIF TO ~) IIICH TiiF I I II~I file 1(111lt)

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r14 (oo 17 J )3 111 9 IDD 14 1401 177 07 23] 273 I] 3lri 3( 4 Ii 1 ) Ie 00lt 7Co e 16 11 23 57 deg 103 1 1 162 196 --- 271 313 -- 404 454 iOI itiO tj]7 li76

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3f - 117 ISJ6 293 lor53) 67 =38 1012 1200 14CJ2 161 It)W U91 2346 ~Gl~) 23=J 3191 11 C) - 70)

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7~iI) 111 -c =0 111 1[Ill] 1 1 1131 1~JC~I 05 72 119 ~5~j~ 4111i ~IC~ 111 11 CII -

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--

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[shyshy

shyn--

shy-C

shy-shy

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ni CJ - ~ c~ ~ fshy n shy -

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D n -- - =

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c~ tU

w J - -~

C fJ i j) - -+

D shy

fJ CO J) D U~ shy

shyshy

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J =

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nshy

J-- -1 - - c c J fj ~j CJ ~ 7 T U u) C -

u J n T

shyc- f shy - CJ u~ -- ~ - CC CJ

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CJ ~1 ~ t- C 0 -~~~-

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-4

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T(ELE Cl DOIJC[(I F IF

[iPCI~CLIFIC I-[lOT lOLUIn rnHIE~LUME rROM 1 FOOT STIJMP TO 5 INCH TOP ( 11131Dr uriiIlt)

DElli ITITn I IlL I GHT (fTr FI (I tICIIE) 2[1 --I] 1[1 50 bO 70 80 9n lGG l1l1 120

----shy

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114 4 11 15 19 ~4 29 34 39 ~t_ 51 -~16 5 3 1 lC n 2~ 35 42 49 ~i6 to

c 0010 6 10 16 LL 55 43 50 ~j9 b 6

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30 1 -s c 11 63 3 Sj6 11 12 151 171 nn3~ 14 26 ~ 54 70 106 L6 146 163 190

34 16 29 43 f~D 7 96 11 130 161 IB~i ltU9 c 1036 17 - 1 47 65 1 lOb LJ J - 1f 20

C 1 ~12 1 1~5 165 1SJ2 2U3 19 34 131

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i v

U~ ~]

D D CJ

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D CO CJ

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C] - - f- c 0 C1c] f eeshyJ = CJ ~I r

~

= f- = - j) = U D - cr =

fshy~ ]

= 0

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pound I G u- -f~ cr poundIe] co or r j U~ poundI

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- 10 shy

were used1 Volume types - two volume def~itions

Scribner board foot and cubic feet

2 Height - three definitions of height were used total

height (Ht) merchantable height (Hm) and log height(HI)

3 Merchantable top - volumes were computed to four insidebark top diameter limits -- 8 7 6 and 5 inches

A Scaling Procedures

Volumes for each tree were computed from stump heightto the merchantable top limit As the actual measurementson each tree were not all at even log multiples some meansof interpolation was necessary The best procedure wasfound to be fitting a system of several third order polynoshymials to the actual measurements on each tree (see Akima1970) The basic result of this process was to provide thenumerical equivalent of a free-hand curve drawn through thestem profile conditioned to pass through every measuredpoint This equation system was then utilized to buck thetrees into standard lengths and produce interpolated diameshyters

B Board foot scale

Board foot scale was based on a 10 foot stump heighta nominal log length of 16 feet and a trim allowance of 3

feet Board foot volumes of each log were computed by thefollowing equation (Bruce and Schumacher 1950)

BV = 79(DIA)2 - 2DIA - 4

where DIA is the diameter inside bark at the small end ofthe log

Based on general scaling practices in the region thefollowing procedure was used when the top log was not aneven multiple of 163 feet If the length was less than 8feet the piece was appended to the next lower log which wassubsequently scaled as a long log If it was between 8and 163 feet the piece was appended to the next lower logwhich was subsequentlysplit in half and scaled as twoshort logs

It should be noted that largelydue to the viscissishytudes of the Scribner log rule reducing the top merchantashybility diameter frequently resulted in an overall decreasein the board foot scale for specific trees While no formal

2 Volumes ln CUblC meters are obtained using the cubicfoot equations and metric conversion factors See secshytion VF on metric units

- 11 shy

analysis was performed the general impression gained curingdata analysis was that a top diameter of 6 to 7 inches wouldproduce the maximum overall board foot scale obtainable withthe scaling procedures employed in this study

An end result of this phenomena is that the volumeequations developed in this report are not guaranteed toestimate more board foot volume as the merchantable topdiameter decreases particularly since this is not what hapshypens in practice

C Cubic foot scale

The local taper equation developed for each tree wasused to estimate inside bark diameters at one foot intervalsfrom the stump to the merchantable top Smalians formulawas applied to each one foot segment to compute volumes

D Functional Relationships and Statistical Procedures

The functional form of the volume equations fitted were

b bType 1 V = bo(DBH) 1H 2

b b bType 2 V = b (DBH) 1H 2GF 3

0

For each volume equation case data were transformed bytaking natural logarithms and parameters were subsequentlyestimated by linear least squares regression The constantterm (b) was exponentiated to convert the equation to thenatural Humber scale A synopsis and statistical summaryfor each fitted equation is displayed in Appendix A

Experience has shown that fitting volume equations bythe logarithmic procedure provides consistent and logicalestimators as well as satisfying the usual assumptions ofregression (see Wensel 1973) The major objection is thata negative bias is introduced by this procedure and volumeestimates should be multiplied by a correction factor toprovide theoretically consistent estimates This factoris equal to

exp (5MSE)

where MSE is the mean squared residual of the respectivevolume equation in logarithmic units (Baskerville 1972)This factor (2 to 2 percent) is usually much smaller thanthe statistical error (6 to 22 percent) of the volume equashytions and for most purposes can be ignored These bias corrections are also shown in Appendix A

- 12 -

E Reliability and Adjustments to Local Conditions

The volume tables essentially give average volumesfor trees of a given DBH and height These volumes are subshyject to two sources of statistical error when used for anindividual tree (1) an error associated with estimatingthe true population volume relationship from samplesThis source of error can be reduced by taking more samples(2) An error associatedwith random deviations about thetrue populationvolume relationship This source of errormay be reduced by adding additional explanatory variables(eg form class)

As with all regional volume tables there is a possishybility that stands of trees in specific localities maydepart from the general relationships shown in these tablesAlso where scaling practices differ from the ones used inthis study an additional source of bias may be introducedHence field checks should be made before local use

The followingproceduresare suggested to check theaccuracy of volume tables at the 95 probability level

1 Specify the accuracy level desired for the estimateof tree volume on the average for the stand beingsampled

2 Determine from Table 6 the number of sample treesrequired Sample sizes were computed with the aidof the well known sample size formula

n = t2(CV)2A2

where

n = number of sample trees

t = students t value corresponding to the numberof sample trees and the confidence level being used

CV = coefficient of variation expressed as a decimal

A = accuracy level expressed as a decimal

-------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------

- 13 -

Table 6

Sample trees required for 95 confidence intervalsof various levels of accuracy for tree volumes

Accuracy () Cubic Feet Foard Feet

10 9 168 14 256 25 444 56 1002 225 400

Assumed Coefficient 15 20of Variation ()

3 Once the sample size is chosen trees should beselected for volume measurement that are representashytive of the trees for which volume estimates aredesired Each sample tree is measured for DBBtotal height and volume Volume can be obtainedwith a Relaskop dendrometer or by scaling felledtrees Volumes of sample trees should be determinedby the same procedures used in actual scaling operashytions

4 Compute the percent difference between the measuredvolumes and those estimated by the volume tables foreach sample tree Then compute the average percentdifference for all sample trees

5 If the absolute value of the average percent differshyence ii is less than the accuracy level use thetables without adjustment

6 If the Pi is greater than the accuracy level andthere are no trends in the percent deviations oversize classes multiply estimated volumes by the facshytor

F = (1+P100)

7 Percent deviations sometimes show trends with

estimated volume or DBH in which case regressionadjustments may be utilized For example if thepercentage volume deviation of the sawple varieswith DBH in a linear fashion the following correcshytion factor may be used

F = [1+(P+b(D-D))1CO]D 11

where

- 14 -

F = correction factor for a tree of D inchesD 1

1 15 = average DBH of volume sample trees

b = regression constant computed from the volume sample

2P D - nPD = J J

2D2 - n1521

n = number of sample trees

P = Percent deviation of the jth tree in the J volume sample

D = DBH of the jth tree in the volume sampleJ

If more refined estimates or different confidence levels are desired coefficients of variation derived from Appendix A for each species-volume group can be utilized in conjunction with the famishyliar sample size formula

8 As an example suppose 8 percent accuracy levels were desired at the 95 percent probability level A redwood cubic volume check yielded the followingdata

Total Volumes from Volumes Percent Sample Tree DBH Height Tables Scaled Difference

No (inches) (feet) (cubic feet) (cubic feet) (percent)

1 12 60 14 148 +57 2 12 70 16 17 1 +68 3 12 90 21 228 +48 4 18 90 46 494 +74 5 20 130 82 883 +75 6 22 110 84 917 +92 7 28 100 123 1342 +9 1 8 28 130 160 1755 +97 9 30 120 169 1859 100

10 34 130 234 2604 113 11 36 130 262 2908 110 12 36 140 282 3144 115 13 44 160 477 5380 128 14 44 160 477 5409 134

Averages 2686 +93

- 15 -

In this exampleP = 93 is greater than the 8 per~cent accuracy requirement and may be used to computethe correction factor

F = 1 + 93100 = 1093

There is also a trend in the percentage differencewhich increases with DBH In this case a regresshysion correction factor that varies with DBH will bemore precise The regression coefficient b for

the correction factor FD is computed as1

b = [(57)(12) + (68)(12) + (134)(44) - 14 (93)(2686)][122 + 122 + 442 - 14(2686)2]

= 0227

The correction is then

FD = 1 + (93 + 227 (D- 268))100]i 1

= 1093+00227(D-268)1

For a 44 inch tree the volume estimate from thetable would be adjusted upward by the factor

F44 = 1093+00227(44-268)

= 1132

Adjusted Volume = 1132 x 477 = 540 cubic feet

F Metric Units

Each of the equations presented in this report presumesthat English units are being used In the case where metricunits are used for one or more of the measurements thevolume equations are altered as follows

- 16 -

Measurement Units VolumeDBH Height Desired Conversion(C)

inches feet (feet)-J none

inches feet (meters)shyc3

cm meters (feet)3 (c1-b1)(c2-b2)

cm meters (meters)3(c1-b1) (c2 -b2)c3

Hhere c1 = 254 inchescm

c2 = 03048 ftmeter

c3 = 00283168 m3ft3

b1 b2 = coefficients of the volume equation used

These conversion factors can be used in several HaysFirst if desired measurements of D and H can be converted

using the terms c1 and c2 respectively Alternatively theappropriate composite conversions C can be used to convertthe final volume Desired volume is obtained by multiplyingthe calculated volume from the volume equation times theappropriate conversion factor above

VI CONIFER TAPER MODELS

Taper models estimate diameter inside bark at variousheights on tree boles when only DBH and some measure of treeheight are observed Taper models are used for two princishyple purposes

1 Estimation of the dimensions of upper stem portionsfor defect adjustment in cruising

2 Estimation of the log size mix potentially availablefrom standing trees

A Model Criteria

Taper models are conventionally required to haveseveral properties

1 If total height is an access variable the modelshould predict a diameter inside bark of a at thetree tip Similarly if merchantable height is usedthe equation should predict the top merchantableinside bark diameter at the merchantable height

- 17 shy

2 Predictions of stump or hreast high diameters shouldequal actual measurements at these points Whilethese values are not conventionally recorded in thefield the taper model should be structured sopredicted inside bark diameters can be forcedthrough logical values of these points if necessary

3 Predictions derived from these equations should bealways positive always decrease with increases inbole height and be relatively unbiased at variouspoints on the tree bole

B ~odel Development

Experimentation with several possible functional formsled to the following model which is based on the modifiedinverse of a general sigmoidal equation This model was found form

to satisfy the previous criteria and has the general

d = c D - Df ln[1-Rc1

(1-exp(c f1 - d ~f )))J1 0 1 ~ 0 m~ 1

Where

di = dib in inches at a point lilon the tree bole

D = DBH

h = height in feet from ground to a point i on the tree1 bole

H = general measure of tree height in feet

R = (h-1)(H-1)1

d = merchantable top diameter inside bark correspondingm to the point where h1 = H

f1 = c2 + c3D + c4H

c1 = parameters estimated by regression methods

This model is conditioned so that the predicted diameshyter inside bark will equal a when h = H If H is totalheight d is 0 and the predicted diameter will be a at thetree tip~ Similarly if H is the height to a merchantabletop of say 50 inches d is 50 inches and the predictionwill be conditioned to mpredict 50 inches dib when hi =H

Six taper equations were developed with H being definedas height from the ground to an 85 and C inch (tree tip)

- 18 shy

top dib for redwood and Douglas fir The models werefitted by nonlinear least squares Two to three samplepoints on suitable trees used in the previously desoribedvolume analysis were randomly chosen for equation fittingCoefficient estimates and a statistical summary are shown inTable 7

C Podel Interpretation and Discussion

The coefficient c is interpreted as the ratio ofdib at a 10 foot ~tump to DBH The fitted coefficientswere almost numerically equal to simple ratio estimatorsbased on the same data set so constraining the model was not

considered necessary The term f1 for the taper modelswere chosen after considerable experimentation in attemptsto account for general differences in taper between trees indifferent diameter and height classes Table 8 gives avershyage bias (average difference between actual and predictedvalues) by relative height for all six taper equations Ingeneral these biases are small and quite acceptable for thegeneral level of precision usually required in estimatingupper bole diameters

Table 7

Taper Podel Coefficients and Statistical Summary

REmJOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Merchantable Tops

00 50 80 00 50 80

c 955 956 955 1008 1016 1 0240

387 346 326 415 320 276c1

-362 -247 -211 -275 -169 -142c2

-00581 -00666 -00542 -00770 -00539 -00364c3

00122 00116 000847 000640 000178 000108c4

R2 902 962 967 974 978 975

S 128 119 114 97 81 82yx

SampleCJlze 1238 1217 1164 671 631 574

--

- 19 -

Table 8

Bias of conifer taper equations at various pointon the sample tree boles

REDWOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Equation top diameter Equation top diameter

00 50 80 00 50 80

Bias in Inches

Stump 13 01 -03 22 10 03

DBH -16 01 09 - 15 -03 05

-22 -20 -22 -20 -10 -10h17

30 17 03 25 07 10h33

30 -04 07 35 17 05h5

-06 -03 08 1 1 - 14 -00h67

-34 06 26 -54 -04 00hS5

top 00 00 00 00 00 00

h xx refers to a bole height equal to xx of total height

Positive table values indicate predictions are low

VII VOLUME EQUATION VERSUS TAPER BASED VOLUME ESTIMATES

The coefficients in Appendix A can be used to estimategross volume directly in standing trees The taper equashytions can also be used to obtain indirect estimates of grossvolume Essentially the taper equation is used to estimateinside bark diameters at the places on the tree bole whereit is to be bucked into lengths These lengths are thenscaled using predicted inside bark diameters and summed toestimate total volume Mathematical integration of thetaper function is impossible so this numerical technique isrequired

It should be emphasized that the taper equations weredeveloped to predict inside bark bole diameters not tree

- 20 shy

volume Hence their adequacy in volume estimation cannotbe judged by conventional statistics Regardless the folshylowing ad hoc comparisons were made

A Comparisons

Diameters total heights and scaled cubic volumes to afive inch top of the trees used in the taper analysis wereutilized for comparative purposes The coefficients fromthe appropriate total height-DEH cubic volume equation wereused to directly predict volumes to a five inch top forthese trees The total height taper equations (H isdefined as total height) have the greatest standard deviashytions and range in bias Consequently they were used forcomparative purposes as a measure of the worst that could bedone using taper equations to obtain volume estimatesThese taper equations were used to predict inside bark diamshyeters at one foot intervals on each tree from the stump to afive inch top Smalians formula was then used to computevolume of each segment which were then summed to give anindirect estimate of cubic volume The following statisticswere then computed for both redwood and Douglas fir

1 Aggregate percentage difference

2 Average percentage difference

3 Root mean square percent deviation (RMSPD) computedas

1

RMSPD = (Z((y - y)y)2n)21 1 1

where

y = volume estimated b~hvolume equation or taper 1 equation for the i sample tree

y1 = actual scaled volume of the ith sample tree

n = number of sample trees

These values are shown in Table 9 and are essentially a measure of how close predicted volumes are to actual scaled tree volumes used in the basic analysis As indicators of lack of bias average and aggregate percent differences should be close to zero The RMSPD value is essentially an approximation to the standard deviation expressed as a pershycent Comparisons of these values for the taper equation with those of the volume equation provides a measure of relative efficiency Judging from table 9 there appears to be no bias in volume prediction from the taper equations

- 21 shy

and RMSPD values are almost identical

Table 9

Comparative statistics for judging differences between volume equation and taper equation based volume estimates

Redwood Douglas fir

Average Aggregate RMSPD Average Aggregate RMSPD difference difference difference difference

---per cent---

Volume -8 8 153 1 -12 11 5 equation

Taper -2 19 15 1 2 11 112 equation

Positive percent differences indicate that the estimators are low compared to actual volumes

To provide a measure of relative compatability between volume equations and taper-based volume estimates ratios of estimates produced by both methods are shown for diameter and height classes of trees used in the taper analysis in tables 10 and 11 Except at the edges of the data set there is remarkable agreement between the estimators considshyering no attempt was made to condition the taper equations

B Evaluation

In the course of this taper analysis several items were noted which are possible areas for refinement

1 The taper equations are overall slightly low judging by the aggregate difference This is probshyably due to estimating dib rather than dib squared which is proportional to volume It is well known that the squared average of a sample is less than the average squared value unless all of the diameters are the same

2 The rather simple expression of the term f in the equation may not be totally adequate for describing taper differences between trees of different DBH and height

--

- 22 shy

3 The increases with height in the ratios of volume equations to taper based estimates is largely due tothe data set being used No significant trendsindicating a lack of fit were detected in a comparishyson of both volume equations and taper estimateswith actual scaled volumes For Douglas fir thedifference is more pronounced and apparently due toa small and somewhat lopsided distribution of thesample trees

We encourage the cooperators to review these taperequations prior to final publication

In summary volume equations produce simple and effishycient estimates of gro~s tree volume However taper equashytions can be used to produce similar estimates although theyare somewhat cumbersome Taper equations are necessary whenvolumes by logs in individual trees are desired

VIII VOLUME TABLES

While the volume equations presented rere are very useshyful for incorporation into inventory analysis programs many foresters will want some of these volume equations turned into table form The combinationsof speciesgroups (3) equation types (2) measurement units (3) and top diameters (4) would require 72 individual volume tables Wben one considers the possible range of form classes of interest the number of possible tables is even more formidable Since any individual would only be interested in a few of these tables no attempt is being made to publish all ofthese tables

However in Appendix C 50 inch merchantable top boardfoot cubic foot and cubic meter tables are given for eachof the two species Redwood and Douglas fir by DBH andtotal height A listing of the computer program used toproduce these tables is available from the authors

TABLE 10 Redwood -- Rat~os of volume equationto taper based estima s of cubic volume froma 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH andHeight classes of trees used in taper analysis

I D8H I

I I 1[I 20 30 -10 50 lr3

TOTAL HEI GHT

70 80 9~3

(FEET)

100 110 120 1313 140 150 160 1E1 1813 190 200

101 12 I I [ 16 I

109 102

97 105 107 101 101

1( 97

108 103

99

112 106 1 D3 103 1 1211 101

107 103 1 [11

102 1 ~j1 1 [10 1 DE1

11 I

1] I

2gt I 24 I i6 I

94

9)

1(

96

99 100

9 99

~H 99

97 93

97 99

100 100 100 99 1 [113 1[10 100 9~1 98

99 100 100 99 99

99 1 O~J 1 (10 1 CH] 99

99 100 100 100 11]0

S18

97

9B

99 9E1

96

97 97

94

2 I 30 I 32 I 34 I 31 I

9B 99

IDO 100

113D 100 1 Em 101 1 cn 1 [11 101 1~j2

1 (C

1 [11 1 [11 101 101 102 102 11212 103 103 103

100 101 102 102 103

100 100 1 I] 1 102 103

SI9 SIE

10D ~)9 1 [11 1 [1[1 101101 102 102

97

98

99 97

1 [I1

E I 40 I Q I 44 I ill I

1 05

106

1 04 1 04 1 03

106 1 07

105 106 106

1 O 1 pound11 1 03 103 104 104

1 r~16

1 00 101 101 1D4 1 D5

4 i[I 32 I 56

I ] ] I I

108 1 Ot

1[17

110 106

5= I 60 I

TABLE 11 Douglas fir Ratios of volume equation to taper based estimates of cubic volume from a 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH and Height classes of trees used in taper analysis

--

I DEH I

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60 7t3

TlJTRL HE IcHT

BO 90

(FEET)

100 110 120

-----------------------------------------------

130 140 150 160 170 181] 196 2130

1j I 12 I 11 I 11 I

86 95 99

n 99 95 92

99

94

1 04 102

97

106 103 1DO

105 1 D1

1 me 103 106

13 I 20 I 2 I 4 I ~C I

9D 93 92 ~30

17 1 00

96 9C

95 97

93 96

93 9)

1 01 1 00

99

9B

97

1 E14 1 05 102 103 101 102 100 1 [12

99 101

104 104 104 1135

1 04

1 1217

106 106

I 30 I 3 I 3[ I C I

-deg 94 97

99 1 00 1 00

99 100

1 04 102 1 I) 1 ll4 101 102

1 0~5 1 06 1 04 1 (16 11215 104 106

1 139 1m

3 I lD I 4 I 44 I 4C I

1 EJ3 104

104

106

4 I 5U I 52 I ~l I 1 I

1 07

5 T CO I

- 23 -

Literature Cited

Akima Hiroshi 1970 A new method of interpolation and smooth curve

fitting based on local procedures ESSA Research Laboratories Boulder Colorado

Baskerville GL1972 Use of logarithmic regression in the estimation

of plant biomass Can J For Res 2(1)49shy53

Bruce Donald Schumacher Francis Y1950 Forest mensuration 3ded xvii 483p

Johnson Floyd A1966 Bark factors for Douglas fir USDA Forest

Servo Res Paper PNW - 34 Pacific NorthwestFor and Rng Exp Sta Portland Ore 3p

Palley Marshall N1959 Board foot volume tables for young growth coashy

stal Redwood California Forestry and ForestProducts No 11 California AgriculturalExpt Station Berkeley California 5p

Wensel Lee C1971 Tree volume equations from measurements taken

with a Barr and Stroud optical dendrometerHilgardia 41(4)55-64

- 24 -

Appendix

CONIFER TREE VOLU~E EQUATIONS

This appendix contains tables of statistical summariesand coefficient estimates of conifer tree volume equationsEach table has six equation summaries three board foot andthree cubic foot each accessed by total height merchantableheight or height in 163 foot logs Stump height isassumed to be one foot and board foot volumes are based onScribner scale with a nominal scaling length of 16 feet witha 3 foot trim allowance Top diameters vary with eachtable Table A1 provides a quick reference guide to tablespecifications

(1) Types of Equations

Equations are of two types

a) D-H Diameter-height equationsb) D-H-GF Diameter-height-form class equations

The form of diameter height equations is indicated

in Fortran notation as

v = BO(DB1)(HB2)

which in regular mathematical notation isb b

V = b D 1H 20

Similarly the form class equations are in Fortrannotation

V = BO(DB1)(HB2)(GFBS)

which in standard notation is equivalent to

b b b V = b 0D 1H 2GF 3

- 25 shy

(2) Exponential Notation

The coefficient estimates are given to 4 signishyficant digits in exponential notation As examples

5639E-03 = 5639x10-3 = 0005639

25639E+02= 5639x10 = 5639

(3) Standard Deviations

a) Logarithmic (LN UNITS) - Standard deviations ofresiduals are reported in natural logarithmic (baseIe) units

b) Normal Units (PERCENT) - Standard deviations arealso reported as a percentage of predicted volumesThis value is also the coefficient of variation

(4) Adjustment for Logarithmic Bias (LN BIAS)

This value is a multiplicative adjustment usushyally negligable that can be used to correct thevolume equations for any inherent bias resulting from the logarithmic transformations in the equation fitting process

(5) Percent Average Deviation (AVE DEV PERCENT)

This value is the average percent deviation ofactual versus predicted values of the sample used infitting the respective equation

(6) Percent Aggregate Difference (AGG DIFF PERCENT)

This value is the percent difference of thetotal actual volume of sample trees versuspredicted Negative values indicate the equationsare low positive values indicate the equations arehigh

---------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------

- 26 -

Quick Reference

TABLE A1

Guide to Conifer Volume Equations

Table No Species Top

Volume

dLb

to

(inches) Equation Type

1 Redwood 8 2 Redwood 8 3 Redwood 7 4 Redwood 7 5 Redwood 6 6 Redwood 6 7 Redwood 5 8 Redwood 5 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas FirWhitewoods

8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 8

18 Whitewoods 8 19 Whitewoods 7 20 Whitewoods 7 21 Whitewoods 6 22 Whitewoods 6 23 Whitewoods 5 24 Whitewoods 5

D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF

T(jDLE 1 GFDS=vCiLUr-IE T(iEIU~ FOP REDLJDDD TPE ~D--H +++gt1lt++gtltfgtIltgtIlt+lt++ ltltlt1ltgt1lt+++gt1gt1laquo1+ltIlt+-JltgtIlt+lgtflt1ltf lt1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt (lII[LI= 17F EI47

10 FDCT STU~PTD 8D IHCHES TDR DIB

EOUATIDH Y = BOID~Dl) II-1B2) IJII[rE

D=DIAM[T[F DUTSIDE BRPK RT 45 FEI=1

H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE DELDW--

E[IIIRD FOOT yoLUMES--STATISTICRL SUllll(IF

I I 1---- I -- - I I 1 ] ] -- --- --- -----

I cTAtlDl~RD I T(1tID~IFD I I UI I ](1 E 11l~G 1 I ] I DEI IITI DI-I I DE I (1T I elll J pJI I B 1(1 I 1DE DIFF 1 CC 1 Ell 1 c

I UI UHIT~)I 1REPCEllrr I I I I( FEPCEIIT) IPERCEIIT) 1 I 1 I -- I ---- ------ ------- 1 I -shy --- I I 1 1 1 ] -- ----- -- --

H=TCTIIL- HEICIIT I 2D5 I 2273 I 956 I ID21 I 16018 I 646 I 170E-031026[+01 1197[-+[l1 1 I I 1 I 1 1 1 ] [

H=iIEFCI-1liE I CIIT I 10 I 1620 I 977 1 IDll I 11895 I 3 2~ 1 I l1l=-LJ I 1 1437E+0 1 I L~~IEI r J 1 I 1 I--shy - I ]_-shy 1 1 1 [ -- --- -- -- --- --

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H=TOTHL IH_cICHT I 17D I 1E IE I 963 ] 10]4 I 13200 I CS ] 1 41 I-- (j 1 12 lJ r+[i 1 I 1 [I lltJ 1 [

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TABLE 3 GROSS ~JLUME n~BLES FOR REDWOOD iF[oD11 gt1ltgt1ltgt1gt1lt gt1lt gt1gt1lt gt1ltgt1 gt1ltfgtIltjlt jlt jlt gt1lt gt1yojgtIlt gt1 gt1lt1ltgt1+ +gt1ltgt1lt y gt1lt gt1lt gt1lt1lt gtlt1lt+ I 1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt gt1++O+gtIlty ~nrJIL[ 11 C

10 FOOT STUMP TIJ 70 IHCHES TOP D IB

EQUATION V = BO(Di~Bl)(HB2) LHIEPE

D=DIn~TER OUTSIDE BnRK nT 45 FEEl H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOArD FOOT VCiLUMES--STnTISTICAL ~ U r-111n F~

I I I I -- - I - I 1 1 1 1 I rnIIDfIPD I ~TIIIIDFIFD I I LJJ I FIE 1 AIC 1 I 1 I

H=TOTRl HEICHT

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DE I ATI 011 I (UJ LHIIT) I

I 204 I

DE I FIl I [111

( RErCEHT)

~2 ( 1

I I I I

PgtI+2

962

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15825

1 II I FF I (REf~CEIIT) 1----I 261

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1 (2EI-II

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1 1--------I 1012 I 12064 I- - I I I I - - -- - - I --

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TnBLE 7 GrOSS VOLUME TABLES FOr rEDWOOD TITI=II-II ~jIltiltIfIIltlt+AltIltjIltII1Iltjfjlt+V++hgtllt+Ijlt+f+j1lt+jltVgtf+fjltj++yengtf FIIHLE IZL 9DO

10 FOOT ~3TlHlr= TO 50] tICHE~3 TOP D I Ei

FeUrn] CHJ = BI] (lHB 1) (HKfB2) IHIErE

D=DIAMETLR OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IH FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BiJHFDFOOT VOLUMES--STHTISTICAL SUIlIlftl] ] 1-------- I I I 1 1 1 11 ~T(jHDIlfD I ~3T(III D FIr]) I I Uj I IIE I AGC I 1 1 ]] ])EI] AT 011 ] DEI AT] ON I RfK2 I B]n~= ] DE I D]FF ] B0 I 81 I 82 ]] (LH UII IT~) 1 ( FEF~CEtIT) I I I (PEfCEIITI I (1r~FIEljT) 1 I I 1] ] I 1 1-------- I -- shy on- - -- 1 ----- I 1 I

H=TOT(1L HEIGHT ] 2H 1 41D I 971 ] 1024 1 16800 ] --2 0~19 ] 1J3 j E - U3 I 0 21 [+0 1 I 1 1[-I U 1 T

] ]------- I -- --_- ] - - -- - ] - - - - ---- I ] [ --1-- I

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H=LOG HE]11-1-1 I 1 ] 1 I I I 12~EHIO] 1694E+0 11 1[516E+0 II] - _- - - -- I I 1 ]----- I 1 ] 1 I

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMFS--STATISTICAL SUr1f1HP(1 --- I 1 - 1 ] I---- ] 1-- ] 1

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I ~TAtmnPD I ~=TntjDnPD ] I UJ I FIiE I Her I I I I

H=TOTAL HEICHT ] 149 I 1609 I 979 1 1 011 I 11 709 I 25 I 903[-C3 I 1792E+0 1 I 121EIIJ 1 I1 1--------- I ] 1-------- I I - I T I

H=11EPCH HE 1CHT I 132 I 141( I 984 I 1009 I 10327 I 2603 I 5[10~JEm021 I596E+fl I 10CE+C11 J1 1---- I I I-- I 1 ] 1 1

H=LOG HEI GI-n ] I I I I I I 967CE-01 ]15[+011 1(1(DE+Ol1] ]---- ] 1 ]-- ] ] 1 1 1

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r r

l~BLE 9 cross VOLUME TRBLES FOR DOUGLRS FIR 11 r~1)- H

gtIlt+fgtt-++gtIltjlt+lctfgtjgtjjgtII++++IltffIltIIltf++YIltgtIlt -ltfllllLE~3I L no 10 FOOT Sl~MP TO 80 INCHES TOP D IB

EDURTIDrl 130(IlfgtfD I ) UIB2) IJHEPE

D=DIRM~TER OUTSIDE BRRK AT 45 FEET 11=HE ] CI-Ilshy ] 11 FEET DF~ tILlf1EiEf~~ DI L[lC~=---~=[E BELDLJ--

BorWD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL 3L1f--1rlAR ] 1 1---- I I 1---_----shy 1 1- 1 1 1 I

STANDARD 1 Sl~NDARD 1 DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2

1 LJJ I I B If1S I

rIF DE

I 1IGLi 1 DIFF

I 1 J ] I 80 I 81 1 82 1

I (Ul LlHIr) I (PERCErn) I 1 I (PERCEtIT) 1 (P[PCEtrn II I 1 1 1- I --- -- 1 1- ----shy ) 1 1 1

H=TOTf4L HEIGHT I 154 11670 1 967 1 1012 1 11681 1 -1153 I 1Opound9E-[12 I I 793E+0 II lCU9[+U 1 I 1 1 1shy ] 1 1------ I ----- - - - ---] shy - -I I ---

I-I=IIEFCH I-IEI CHr I ID 1 II 13 1 984 I 1006 1 E213 1 1 29~ilE-O 11 IJ2~IE+O II 11iEICilI1236

1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 --H=LOG I-IEICHT 1 1 1 1 1 I I 79CI2[HII] 1 152(jf~H] 1 1 II7[ICll1

1 1 1 1 1 1 I ---- -- - --- I shy - I- - --- - [ ------

CLIEIC FOOT VOLUMES--STRTISTICAL ~ U flrl14 P

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H=TOTIL H[IGHT I 13 I 1 14[15 I 971 I 1009 1 9t19 1 - R3C I I [l4l--0I I 703EH] II 1379E+0 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I 1 - 1

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lJJ gt-ltLL -1 = ~ CW

LL ~ CL CTD = ~

--7 - i ~t~ --QC co H - ~~ I H

ij ([ w - T - == -1 W+W sect = shy

---gt ~ - - T - CI LW 7

- -- u 5GG5GC shy-L 7c en -- Q 0--7~ - U~ = C7 w co

w ~ CJ ~D - CL ~- I

- 7 [- shy-1gt - ~ttJ CO~-shy5~ = LL

D II

-- U~ C] o~ L - - --

~ -- ~ -shy~

--- - UJ I --

I~ + - = ~ pgt ~~~_~H~~--~

~

shy D -shy

~ eel gt-lt-- --iL -w I C i

~7 = QC crJW -

w+ - = -- 0~

-1~ W - cCJ7c D-- CO~~~__~H___~ -

- u cshy-i-- ~ cshy-~ Ur co 0 I U ur D _Ho

gGl~ 0 C

en ~

~~~H~__~~

- II QD--Q-- [r cr I - ur ~

I = ~ cshy_H -W-1U~ -

~__HHshy

r-- ishy

~ Uj

lJJ i M

- I w

- Uf= LL IUjD DIi- - -1 n II r r r

-~-~-~-~~

i-

-

--

iJJ -

-~~~-~~~

i - - i- - 3

c WW = =

-

- -~_---~~~--~ ---~~

h -- -

u~ -

=

w

--

u -rshyJJ shy

-~-~~ ~ ~ ~ ~

-

co

i-

Ii) C i

WLL1i

_C

--shy

I D

i

J

- - --J -

in

I-- ~shy~shy

-L-7c

7c L~ ~

c~ = -c ~

lt-lt ~

~~2 U~i C I

LuU

C7 - - i-+~

~ ~

- shy

pishy-- c -

c t-C~ Cc shy -shy

u+lt-shy7c

+shy-

- co

3

LJ

6

shy

=- W co

L

Lc U LJ - LLDtshy

~ -shyfJ

ishy rshy -

ishylt--~W

co -

- -ishy -

~ ishy

uj --Lee J

W D ~i

- tshyi~iiJJ Q f- W = - LL LL D

- - ~

-

- w ---

Q

i LL W J LL U (I-CL- ishy

-U)-- -shy ~~~U~I

fshy ishy Uj---shyIi

ishy ~ ~

-

5

u D 0

C]

fshy-1

-

CL

i

j -1

fshy

~

-

shy

~shy

-

--

J c U - -c co

iT

j

in I

7

C)

~--shy

--

Tshy -~ rshy

- -- -shy i-W

LL

- LL

D co - ~

C LL

CC c-

- - - ~

ishy - CLshyshy f- LlJ - I - L - CL r- LLJ --U~= -

D

--

f

-

~~~-~~~

=6~c- -I fshy ~

e I-- S-C-j--

f~ -

Igt == f-wJ Ui - -

--~~~~

fshy-shy

shy- r-

UJ I

- t= D tshy

I

i

L

L

f II

~

-- -

-

--

~j

~ -- - ~ -- --

-- J -i-shy-

cu = I i -ishy

- -- - - -----gtshy

w ~L -- -- W CI - c D

C=f ~ - ~ ~~ I gt~ -

j- u ~i~ -shy~---shy~ ~

~

- =1 t T rltU ~ ~ lJJ -W --

in in U~ D w ~~ CD CO w C] ~- - J -- ~~ ~

~---~

~shy~--~--~ r~ I C] D [~i Ci iJ ~ D

~ T I + LL J lJJ lJJ LU

- J 0 -- w co Tshy

~ W D Cj CD L cr C]

~il1lJJ

LL lJJ ~--~~

U~ cn - L f- f- Ishy~ ~ lJJ U~ J Cr- - -- T [~ lJJ ~ ~ LL LLi ~ ~ ~ LL LU

D

= 1 ~ LLe ~LL J J ~LL U il 1 I~il CL II -- il~ 1 shy- 7-- in II 1 Q W I C] QilJ

- I l 1 J I i J CL 1e I - I I = ~ I

= I I J I I = I~a~ f-il U~--~~~~~---~~ U~~~~~ I lJJ

n -+ e CD GG J -w

II I- - fshy ~ ~w~t

~- u ~ -wgtw

cr)

L JgtW

LU - -gtWU j - gtLUU crr--~ il U~ II lt= CL i U~ II lt= il

we W I p] (i ~ LU 0) w l- CLI~ r- CL tt s ~ t- II I II

Sf 1

-(I [2tij I-U~~~~

I ~~~~~

I-CI~~~~

= LL I D I

c- - cn u U~ co r- I In ~ ~ ~ il~ z c ~ I G z G D I =~ - shyef= w - CD - A -- ~ ~ ~ Di

3~ - ~~ ~ ~ I i ~ J -D C J I I

C I ~ gt gt I i -- ~~~~~ ~ ~ ~- ~---~-~-shyf- T - ~ f- Ishy

~ - -iI

-- DD

OJh- ~ f-u LL C) shy-- CT

7- L =w lt= I ~ il I il

-~ - I W D

w~~~~-~~~~~~ r--

T ~

QDfshy -- crf-W = lt=I U CO Z~il IIgt W r- r i-WCL U~ lt= ~

~~-~~-~

J 1 z U~Ilt=Dishylil~~ 1 ~I G i- z (1 pjI lt=II gtI z ~I IIgtZII-LU I cn lt= -

I

Ishyr fJ -- ishy

lJJ LJ r

-shyI I- D iJ D I- L- II II II

r r r

~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~

~

~

-

LlJ I

--

~ ~ shy H

~

-~ ~

-- H c--shy

c-

shy -~ ~ ~~ -~~~~ HH~iHH_~~

+

i --

C i cr

- i

~~~~shy -~ ~ H

- 0~

-= C- LL w Lj

c -

0 0

CTi

lt-f ILshy

~ shy

LL W

-

G -10

-shy

- - - iT

w~ j iLL LL n cr

= -S2

LL = shyi

LL ~

- I - 2

u~ +

~2shy

-LL LL

~

L

DCP LL CC rshy

~

C--2W I H

HH~_~_~shy

(C LJ i~i

un U~ c ~- H

LL+W G

- U~ Cj - -shy ~ - C ~ r~i

L ~~ = shy - ~ ~ -~ u l--

LlJ - - W

w r 9i

---CL

- --li

-1+ 22J~~ ~~~~~

- - shygt + C shy -

~ - -- - -

- -

i- ~ -shy -shy

CL ~ J gt

--3 7-

J ~shy ~~~~~ - -shy --

-shy

c D -

+LL ~+

~ ~ -

f-LL I 2

~j c

i

D-

C C JW = ~c

~ ~ LL c ---~ - r- cc - -

~~~_H~~H

- - ~

r--LLL u -shy -

~~~~~~~

QS~-

Ci shy

-- U - +

J ---

LL-1 ~ A -

fshy -shy

- -LlJ -

shy~

J

I u jshy -i- ishy

u II

D

- ~ ~ - shy~~~--

-~lJJ w

- - C

-- - cj

~~ ~ ~ ~ shy

~ +LL uJ -shy

-- OJ shy

~ ~

~~~-~ ~--~--C2

ilJ LiJ lJJ-G rshyiei-

lJJ OJ CO -

OJ u~ cr

- - i-- -shyiJ7ishy ~ ~ ~ ~

-

-C- if-i fshy

~ lJJcn ~ co

L7 CJiJLiJ - l iJ lJJlJJ tJ

LLJ~ ~- CJ -- -J - 15 iJU

IS - Q~T ~ c - C =wshy -C- --- w - - -- U~

~ gt- = - IT - shy- - shy~ -

i- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ iI ~ iJf- C] i

ii ~ ii u JI iJ7i-LiJ ~ ~ - r- i II - ~ - - gt- i f~ -

-

G -~ i-

f- ~ lJJuJ f- ~~(J -

c

wi- f-~ c C) IS Q iI Q Q

lJJD LiJ i

OJ - gt- fshyT~ ~ ~f- I

_~i lJJ= In ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ r- -- cn~~~~~ U~~~~

- iJ

-~ V c- - cr - I

--C~ ~ ----

C] = I

w gt- G e J-IS f- gt- OJ G~ cc - - ~

- -

-i

-~~~~shy~LiJ~ef- gtshy

-7-0 f- -- j -i -- uJ Ci]

ilS ec ~ c

~f-

7- --i - -

LJJ - -- Q ~

lJJ IS

Gcc ~~-~shyf-

f- -[L ~

[shy~ -

3c~-

-- gt- j

-~ -

Q ISshyiJ~ ~

i-- r- -- Cf

Q = =-IS-gtshy

~ shy

f- fshy

--shyu

w lJJ

-J -- --

r- ~- shy

F -d J

IiI

----~_r-~shy~ - - i = I i C i

-- [

-

D ~i~- shy

- ~- r- r-shy ~ shy - ~ ~ shy - -~ ~ - ~

--- ~

-

=shy- - W

shy ishy

r

~-~-shy ----~ ~ --

shy

Cj

SJ +

W shycr CT i- -- -

~

0 D -Lu

~--~~-shy-

J

- ~shy

[shy

W C -- r-

-In cr u cI

Lu W D [ Cj C co U

----

-~----

LL

L1 u -

= ~ QJ

LU U~ U ) LL = cshy

-

)LLW) LL ~

~ - -Q

shycr r~

J C shy-

Q

~ ~ - ~ LL CC r-

LL u

wi LL -

shyf-2W un --shy

-

---i

j C[ WI -~-LL LL

- - --~

W+ =shy W

-

T-

- U~

Q-W J ~ shy~ cshy

~G~- LL LL

-cshy 5~= I

fshy-shy

-CL

c co shy

] U~

U~_---------shy 2

Ck =CT

c -

- ~ rshy rshy

~Gamp

f = -

0-

~

c c

- -----------~ W ) LL

- -- +

shy-shy

cshy

shy

= W - ~ W-

LL

~ -shy _LL ~ -

- Cj

shy ~

J---~ ~-shy--

c T

crCC

shy - -Qshy

shy - shy - - v

CCD

= =~=LL LL

shy

~--~--~-~-shy== C~

- = cshy~shy

Cj

D [-

LL gt1- c shy ~

shy L - U shy shy -~ --

I-shy cshy-CJ -

Lu I

)U I

Lu-- -U iL 1

f-LlJ

- iitI

I-- I

TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

- r~ Cj D CD In [c Cj Cj [r ~ Cj Cj -

c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

oJ ltj

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co fc Cj C In C]

J I

f

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c Cj-

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~j

[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

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L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

C]s CO Lt j ~

- C -

C] -

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C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

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LLi

shy

uJ

J

fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

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cr fr

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=7

(j C c] e~

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ishy D j

1(1- u~ [r

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I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

-

C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

fC deg]

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I CO Q

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C Cj Lt ~-- -

CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

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cr co

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D D fshy f f= ~ ~s~

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CCshy fr shy crco

shyr

r U~ co f

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D ~ J U~ CT CO co

= co

f C co f- CD r-

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ill

U-i lCi I

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W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

-

--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

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CI jr

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---- shy --shy -- -shy

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J C 1 --- J- CO DC ID - C1CC]CJ

co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

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fshyn shy

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fshy

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C J) n i= C 7 1) - -j C Cj

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- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

c

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D Cj S~[~~2

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C n i~ j n c r C J j Uc J Cj Cj ~ ~

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c)

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GFI~I~= E[rIPD FCiOT OLUIIETIIFI [ [ilIHE [=[111 1 FllOr =TIIIIF TO ~) IIICH TiiF I I II~I file 1(111lt)

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T(ELE Cl DOIJC[(I F IF

[iPCI~CLIFIC I-[lOT lOLUIn rnHIE~LUME rROM 1 FOOT STIJMP TO 5 INCH TOP ( 11131Dr uriiIlt)

DElli ITITn I IlL I GHT (fTr FI (I tICIIE) 2[1 --I] 1[1 50 bO 70 80 9n lGG l1l1 120

----shy

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114 4 11 15 19 ~4 29 34 39 ~t_ 51 -~16 5 3 1 lC n 2~ 35 42 49 ~i6 to

c 0010 6 10 16 LL 55 43 50 ~j9 b 6

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34 16 29 43 f~D 7 96 11 130 161 IB~i ltU9 c 1036 17 - 1 47 65 1 lOb LJ J - 1f 20

C 1 ~12 1 1~5 165 1SJ2 2U3 19 34 131

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- 11 shy

analysis was performed the general impression gained curingdata analysis was that a top diameter of 6 to 7 inches wouldproduce the maximum overall board foot scale obtainable withthe scaling procedures employed in this study

An end result of this phenomena is that the volumeequations developed in this report are not guaranteed toestimate more board foot volume as the merchantable topdiameter decreases particularly since this is not what hapshypens in practice

C Cubic foot scale

The local taper equation developed for each tree wasused to estimate inside bark diameters at one foot intervalsfrom the stump to the merchantable top Smalians formulawas applied to each one foot segment to compute volumes

D Functional Relationships and Statistical Procedures

The functional form of the volume equations fitted were

b bType 1 V = bo(DBH) 1H 2

b b bType 2 V = b (DBH) 1H 2GF 3

0

For each volume equation case data were transformed bytaking natural logarithms and parameters were subsequentlyestimated by linear least squares regression The constantterm (b) was exponentiated to convert the equation to thenatural Humber scale A synopsis and statistical summaryfor each fitted equation is displayed in Appendix A

Experience has shown that fitting volume equations bythe logarithmic procedure provides consistent and logicalestimators as well as satisfying the usual assumptions ofregression (see Wensel 1973) The major objection is thata negative bias is introduced by this procedure and volumeestimates should be multiplied by a correction factor toprovide theoretically consistent estimates This factoris equal to

exp (5MSE)

where MSE is the mean squared residual of the respectivevolume equation in logarithmic units (Baskerville 1972)This factor (2 to 2 percent) is usually much smaller thanthe statistical error (6 to 22 percent) of the volume equashytions and for most purposes can be ignored These bias corrections are also shown in Appendix A

- 12 -

E Reliability and Adjustments to Local Conditions

The volume tables essentially give average volumesfor trees of a given DBH and height These volumes are subshyject to two sources of statistical error when used for anindividual tree (1) an error associated with estimatingthe true population volume relationship from samplesThis source of error can be reduced by taking more samples(2) An error associatedwith random deviations about thetrue populationvolume relationship This source of errormay be reduced by adding additional explanatory variables(eg form class)

As with all regional volume tables there is a possishybility that stands of trees in specific localities maydepart from the general relationships shown in these tablesAlso where scaling practices differ from the ones used inthis study an additional source of bias may be introducedHence field checks should be made before local use

The followingproceduresare suggested to check theaccuracy of volume tables at the 95 probability level

1 Specify the accuracy level desired for the estimateof tree volume on the average for the stand beingsampled

2 Determine from Table 6 the number of sample treesrequired Sample sizes were computed with the aidof the well known sample size formula

n = t2(CV)2A2

where

n = number of sample trees

t = students t value corresponding to the numberof sample trees and the confidence level being used

CV = coefficient of variation expressed as a decimal

A = accuracy level expressed as a decimal

-------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------

- 13 -

Table 6

Sample trees required for 95 confidence intervalsof various levels of accuracy for tree volumes

Accuracy () Cubic Feet Foard Feet

10 9 168 14 256 25 444 56 1002 225 400

Assumed Coefficient 15 20of Variation ()

3 Once the sample size is chosen trees should beselected for volume measurement that are representashytive of the trees for which volume estimates aredesired Each sample tree is measured for DBBtotal height and volume Volume can be obtainedwith a Relaskop dendrometer or by scaling felledtrees Volumes of sample trees should be determinedby the same procedures used in actual scaling operashytions

4 Compute the percent difference between the measuredvolumes and those estimated by the volume tables foreach sample tree Then compute the average percentdifference for all sample trees

5 If the absolute value of the average percent differshyence ii is less than the accuracy level use thetables without adjustment

6 If the Pi is greater than the accuracy level andthere are no trends in the percent deviations oversize classes multiply estimated volumes by the facshytor

F = (1+P100)

7 Percent deviations sometimes show trends with

estimated volume or DBH in which case regressionadjustments may be utilized For example if thepercentage volume deviation of the sawple varieswith DBH in a linear fashion the following correcshytion factor may be used

F = [1+(P+b(D-D))1CO]D 11

where

- 14 -

F = correction factor for a tree of D inchesD 1

1 15 = average DBH of volume sample trees

b = regression constant computed from the volume sample

2P D - nPD = J J

2D2 - n1521

n = number of sample trees

P = Percent deviation of the jth tree in the J volume sample

D = DBH of the jth tree in the volume sampleJ

If more refined estimates or different confidence levels are desired coefficients of variation derived from Appendix A for each species-volume group can be utilized in conjunction with the famishyliar sample size formula

8 As an example suppose 8 percent accuracy levels were desired at the 95 percent probability level A redwood cubic volume check yielded the followingdata

Total Volumes from Volumes Percent Sample Tree DBH Height Tables Scaled Difference

No (inches) (feet) (cubic feet) (cubic feet) (percent)

1 12 60 14 148 +57 2 12 70 16 17 1 +68 3 12 90 21 228 +48 4 18 90 46 494 +74 5 20 130 82 883 +75 6 22 110 84 917 +92 7 28 100 123 1342 +9 1 8 28 130 160 1755 +97 9 30 120 169 1859 100

10 34 130 234 2604 113 11 36 130 262 2908 110 12 36 140 282 3144 115 13 44 160 477 5380 128 14 44 160 477 5409 134

Averages 2686 +93

- 15 -

In this exampleP = 93 is greater than the 8 per~cent accuracy requirement and may be used to computethe correction factor

F = 1 + 93100 = 1093

There is also a trend in the percentage differencewhich increases with DBH In this case a regresshysion correction factor that varies with DBH will bemore precise The regression coefficient b for

the correction factor FD is computed as1

b = [(57)(12) + (68)(12) + (134)(44) - 14 (93)(2686)][122 + 122 + 442 - 14(2686)2]

= 0227

The correction is then

FD = 1 + (93 + 227 (D- 268))100]i 1

= 1093+00227(D-268)1

For a 44 inch tree the volume estimate from thetable would be adjusted upward by the factor

F44 = 1093+00227(44-268)

= 1132

Adjusted Volume = 1132 x 477 = 540 cubic feet

F Metric Units

Each of the equations presented in this report presumesthat English units are being used In the case where metricunits are used for one or more of the measurements thevolume equations are altered as follows

- 16 -

Measurement Units VolumeDBH Height Desired Conversion(C)

inches feet (feet)-J none

inches feet (meters)shyc3

cm meters (feet)3 (c1-b1)(c2-b2)

cm meters (meters)3(c1-b1) (c2 -b2)c3

Hhere c1 = 254 inchescm

c2 = 03048 ftmeter

c3 = 00283168 m3ft3

b1 b2 = coefficients of the volume equation used

These conversion factors can be used in several HaysFirst if desired measurements of D and H can be converted

using the terms c1 and c2 respectively Alternatively theappropriate composite conversions C can be used to convertthe final volume Desired volume is obtained by multiplyingthe calculated volume from the volume equation times theappropriate conversion factor above

VI CONIFER TAPER MODELS

Taper models estimate diameter inside bark at variousheights on tree boles when only DBH and some measure of treeheight are observed Taper models are used for two princishyple purposes

1 Estimation of the dimensions of upper stem portionsfor defect adjustment in cruising

2 Estimation of the log size mix potentially availablefrom standing trees

A Model Criteria

Taper models are conventionally required to haveseveral properties

1 If total height is an access variable the modelshould predict a diameter inside bark of a at thetree tip Similarly if merchantable height is usedthe equation should predict the top merchantableinside bark diameter at the merchantable height

- 17 shy

2 Predictions of stump or hreast high diameters shouldequal actual measurements at these points Whilethese values are not conventionally recorded in thefield the taper model should be structured sopredicted inside bark diameters can be forcedthrough logical values of these points if necessary

3 Predictions derived from these equations should bealways positive always decrease with increases inbole height and be relatively unbiased at variouspoints on the tree bole

B ~odel Development

Experimentation with several possible functional formsled to the following model which is based on the modifiedinverse of a general sigmoidal equation This model was found form

to satisfy the previous criteria and has the general

d = c D - Df ln[1-Rc1

(1-exp(c f1 - d ~f )))J1 0 1 ~ 0 m~ 1

Where

di = dib in inches at a point lilon the tree bole

D = DBH

h = height in feet from ground to a point i on the tree1 bole

H = general measure of tree height in feet

R = (h-1)(H-1)1

d = merchantable top diameter inside bark correspondingm to the point where h1 = H

f1 = c2 + c3D + c4H

c1 = parameters estimated by regression methods

This model is conditioned so that the predicted diameshyter inside bark will equal a when h = H If H is totalheight d is 0 and the predicted diameter will be a at thetree tip~ Similarly if H is the height to a merchantabletop of say 50 inches d is 50 inches and the predictionwill be conditioned to mpredict 50 inches dib when hi =H

Six taper equations were developed with H being definedas height from the ground to an 85 and C inch (tree tip)

- 18 shy

top dib for redwood and Douglas fir The models werefitted by nonlinear least squares Two to three samplepoints on suitable trees used in the previously desoribedvolume analysis were randomly chosen for equation fittingCoefficient estimates and a statistical summary are shown inTable 7

C Podel Interpretation and Discussion

The coefficient c is interpreted as the ratio ofdib at a 10 foot ~tump to DBH The fitted coefficientswere almost numerically equal to simple ratio estimatorsbased on the same data set so constraining the model was not

considered necessary The term f1 for the taper modelswere chosen after considerable experimentation in attemptsto account for general differences in taper between trees indifferent diameter and height classes Table 8 gives avershyage bias (average difference between actual and predictedvalues) by relative height for all six taper equations Ingeneral these biases are small and quite acceptable for thegeneral level of precision usually required in estimatingupper bole diameters

Table 7

Taper Podel Coefficients and Statistical Summary

REmJOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Merchantable Tops

00 50 80 00 50 80

c 955 956 955 1008 1016 1 0240

387 346 326 415 320 276c1

-362 -247 -211 -275 -169 -142c2

-00581 -00666 -00542 -00770 -00539 -00364c3

00122 00116 000847 000640 000178 000108c4

R2 902 962 967 974 978 975

S 128 119 114 97 81 82yx

SampleCJlze 1238 1217 1164 671 631 574

--

- 19 -

Table 8

Bias of conifer taper equations at various pointon the sample tree boles

REDWOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Equation top diameter Equation top diameter

00 50 80 00 50 80

Bias in Inches

Stump 13 01 -03 22 10 03

DBH -16 01 09 - 15 -03 05

-22 -20 -22 -20 -10 -10h17

30 17 03 25 07 10h33

30 -04 07 35 17 05h5

-06 -03 08 1 1 - 14 -00h67

-34 06 26 -54 -04 00hS5

top 00 00 00 00 00 00

h xx refers to a bole height equal to xx of total height

Positive table values indicate predictions are low

VII VOLUME EQUATION VERSUS TAPER BASED VOLUME ESTIMATES

The coefficients in Appendix A can be used to estimategross volume directly in standing trees The taper equashytions can also be used to obtain indirect estimates of grossvolume Essentially the taper equation is used to estimateinside bark diameters at the places on the tree bole whereit is to be bucked into lengths These lengths are thenscaled using predicted inside bark diameters and summed toestimate total volume Mathematical integration of thetaper function is impossible so this numerical technique isrequired

It should be emphasized that the taper equations weredeveloped to predict inside bark bole diameters not tree

- 20 shy

volume Hence their adequacy in volume estimation cannotbe judged by conventional statistics Regardless the folshylowing ad hoc comparisons were made

A Comparisons

Diameters total heights and scaled cubic volumes to afive inch top of the trees used in the taper analysis wereutilized for comparative purposes The coefficients fromthe appropriate total height-DEH cubic volume equation wereused to directly predict volumes to a five inch top forthese trees The total height taper equations (H isdefined as total height) have the greatest standard deviashytions and range in bias Consequently they were used forcomparative purposes as a measure of the worst that could bedone using taper equations to obtain volume estimatesThese taper equations were used to predict inside bark diamshyeters at one foot intervals on each tree from the stump to afive inch top Smalians formula was then used to computevolume of each segment which were then summed to give anindirect estimate of cubic volume The following statisticswere then computed for both redwood and Douglas fir

1 Aggregate percentage difference

2 Average percentage difference

3 Root mean square percent deviation (RMSPD) computedas

1

RMSPD = (Z((y - y)y)2n)21 1 1

where

y = volume estimated b~hvolume equation or taper 1 equation for the i sample tree

y1 = actual scaled volume of the ith sample tree

n = number of sample trees

These values are shown in Table 9 and are essentially a measure of how close predicted volumes are to actual scaled tree volumes used in the basic analysis As indicators of lack of bias average and aggregate percent differences should be close to zero The RMSPD value is essentially an approximation to the standard deviation expressed as a pershycent Comparisons of these values for the taper equation with those of the volume equation provides a measure of relative efficiency Judging from table 9 there appears to be no bias in volume prediction from the taper equations

- 21 shy

and RMSPD values are almost identical

Table 9

Comparative statistics for judging differences between volume equation and taper equation based volume estimates

Redwood Douglas fir

Average Aggregate RMSPD Average Aggregate RMSPD difference difference difference difference

---per cent---

Volume -8 8 153 1 -12 11 5 equation

Taper -2 19 15 1 2 11 112 equation

Positive percent differences indicate that the estimators are low compared to actual volumes

To provide a measure of relative compatability between volume equations and taper-based volume estimates ratios of estimates produced by both methods are shown for diameter and height classes of trees used in the taper analysis in tables 10 and 11 Except at the edges of the data set there is remarkable agreement between the estimators considshyering no attempt was made to condition the taper equations

B Evaluation

In the course of this taper analysis several items were noted which are possible areas for refinement

1 The taper equations are overall slightly low judging by the aggregate difference This is probshyably due to estimating dib rather than dib squared which is proportional to volume It is well known that the squared average of a sample is less than the average squared value unless all of the diameters are the same

2 The rather simple expression of the term f in the equation may not be totally adequate for describing taper differences between trees of different DBH and height

--

- 22 shy

3 The increases with height in the ratios of volume equations to taper based estimates is largely due tothe data set being used No significant trendsindicating a lack of fit were detected in a comparishyson of both volume equations and taper estimateswith actual scaled volumes For Douglas fir thedifference is more pronounced and apparently due toa small and somewhat lopsided distribution of thesample trees

We encourage the cooperators to review these taperequations prior to final publication

In summary volume equations produce simple and effishycient estimates of gro~s tree volume However taper equashytions can be used to produce similar estimates although theyare somewhat cumbersome Taper equations are necessary whenvolumes by logs in individual trees are desired

VIII VOLUME TABLES

While the volume equations presented rere are very useshyful for incorporation into inventory analysis programs many foresters will want some of these volume equations turned into table form The combinationsof speciesgroups (3) equation types (2) measurement units (3) and top diameters (4) would require 72 individual volume tables Wben one considers the possible range of form classes of interest the number of possible tables is even more formidable Since any individual would only be interested in a few of these tables no attempt is being made to publish all ofthese tables

However in Appendix C 50 inch merchantable top boardfoot cubic foot and cubic meter tables are given for eachof the two species Redwood and Douglas fir by DBH andtotal height A listing of the computer program used toproduce these tables is available from the authors

TABLE 10 Redwood -- Rat~os of volume equationto taper based estima s of cubic volume froma 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH andHeight classes of trees used in taper analysis

I D8H I

I I 1[I 20 30 -10 50 lr3

TOTAL HEI GHT

70 80 9~3

(FEET)

100 110 120 1313 140 150 160 1E1 1813 190 200

101 12 I I [ 16 I

109 102

97 105 107 101 101

1( 97

108 103

99

112 106 1 D3 103 1 1211 101

107 103 1 [11

102 1 ~j1 1 [10 1 DE1

11 I

1] I

2gt I 24 I i6 I

94

9)

1(

96

99 100

9 99

~H 99

97 93

97 99

100 100 100 99 1 [113 1[10 100 9~1 98

99 100 100 99 99

99 1 O~J 1 (10 1 CH] 99

99 100 100 100 11]0

S18

97

9B

99 9E1

96

97 97

94

2 I 30 I 32 I 34 I 31 I

9B 99

IDO 100

113D 100 1 Em 101 1 cn 1 [11 101 1~j2

1 (C

1 [11 1 [11 101 101 102 102 11212 103 103 103

100 101 102 102 103

100 100 1 I] 1 102 103

SI9 SIE

10D ~)9 1 [11 1 [1[1 101101 102 102

97

98

99 97

1 [I1

E I 40 I Q I 44 I ill I

1 05

106

1 04 1 04 1 03

106 1 07

105 106 106

1 O 1 pound11 1 03 103 104 104

1 r~16

1 00 101 101 1D4 1 D5

4 i[I 32 I 56

I ] ] I I

108 1 Ot

1[17

110 106

5= I 60 I

TABLE 11 Douglas fir Ratios of volume equation to taper based estimates of cubic volume from a 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH and Height classes of trees used in taper analysis

--

I DEH I

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60 7t3

TlJTRL HE IcHT

BO 90

(FEET)

100 110 120

-----------------------------------------------

130 140 150 160 170 181] 196 2130

1j I 12 I 11 I 11 I

86 95 99

n 99 95 92

99

94

1 04 102

97

106 103 1DO

105 1 D1

1 me 103 106

13 I 20 I 2 I 4 I ~C I

9D 93 92 ~30

17 1 00

96 9C

95 97

93 96

93 9)

1 01 1 00

99

9B

97

1 E14 1 05 102 103 101 102 100 1 [12

99 101

104 104 104 1135

1 04

1 1217

106 106

I 30 I 3 I 3[ I C I

-deg 94 97

99 1 00 1 00

99 100

1 04 102 1 I) 1 ll4 101 102

1 0~5 1 06 1 04 1 (16 11215 104 106

1 139 1m

3 I lD I 4 I 44 I 4C I

1 EJ3 104

104

106

4 I 5U I 52 I ~l I 1 I

1 07

5 T CO I

- 23 -

Literature Cited

Akima Hiroshi 1970 A new method of interpolation and smooth curve

fitting based on local procedures ESSA Research Laboratories Boulder Colorado

Baskerville GL1972 Use of logarithmic regression in the estimation

of plant biomass Can J For Res 2(1)49shy53

Bruce Donald Schumacher Francis Y1950 Forest mensuration 3ded xvii 483p

Johnson Floyd A1966 Bark factors for Douglas fir USDA Forest

Servo Res Paper PNW - 34 Pacific NorthwestFor and Rng Exp Sta Portland Ore 3p

Palley Marshall N1959 Board foot volume tables for young growth coashy

stal Redwood California Forestry and ForestProducts No 11 California AgriculturalExpt Station Berkeley California 5p

Wensel Lee C1971 Tree volume equations from measurements taken

with a Barr and Stroud optical dendrometerHilgardia 41(4)55-64

- 24 -

Appendix

CONIFER TREE VOLU~E EQUATIONS

This appendix contains tables of statistical summariesand coefficient estimates of conifer tree volume equationsEach table has six equation summaries three board foot andthree cubic foot each accessed by total height merchantableheight or height in 163 foot logs Stump height isassumed to be one foot and board foot volumes are based onScribner scale with a nominal scaling length of 16 feet witha 3 foot trim allowance Top diameters vary with eachtable Table A1 provides a quick reference guide to tablespecifications

(1) Types of Equations

Equations are of two types

a) D-H Diameter-height equationsb) D-H-GF Diameter-height-form class equations

The form of diameter height equations is indicated

in Fortran notation as

v = BO(DB1)(HB2)

which in regular mathematical notation isb b

V = b D 1H 20

Similarly the form class equations are in Fortrannotation

V = BO(DB1)(HB2)(GFBS)

which in standard notation is equivalent to

b b b V = b 0D 1H 2GF 3

- 25 shy

(2) Exponential Notation

The coefficient estimates are given to 4 signishyficant digits in exponential notation As examples

5639E-03 = 5639x10-3 = 0005639

25639E+02= 5639x10 = 5639

(3) Standard Deviations

a) Logarithmic (LN UNITS) - Standard deviations ofresiduals are reported in natural logarithmic (baseIe) units

b) Normal Units (PERCENT) - Standard deviations arealso reported as a percentage of predicted volumesThis value is also the coefficient of variation

(4) Adjustment for Logarithmic Bias (LN BIAS)

This value is a multiplicative adjustment usushyally negligable that can be used to correct thevolume equations for any inherent bias resulting from the logarithmic transformations in the equation fitting process

(5) Percent Average Deviation (AVE DEV PERCENT)

This value is the average percent deviation ofactual versus predicted values of the sample used infitting the respective equation

(6) Percent Aggregate Difference (AGG DIFF PERCENT)

This value is the percent difference of thetotal actual volume of sample trees versuspredicted Negative values indicate the equationsare low positive values indicate the equations arehigh

---------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------

- 26 -

Quick Reference

TABLE A1

Guide to Conifer Volume Equations

Table No Species Top

Volume

dLb

to

(inches) Equation Type

1 Redwood 8 2 Redwood 8 3 Redwood 7 4 Redwood 7 5 Redwood 6 6 Redwood 6 7 Redwood 5 8 Redwood 5 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas FirWhitewoods

8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 8

18 Whitewoods 8 19 Whitewoods 7 20 Whitewoods 7 21 Whitewoods 6 22 Whitewoods 6 23 Whitewoods 5 24 Whitewoods 5

D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF

T(jDLE 1 GFDS=vCiLUr-IE T(iEIU~ FOP REDLJDDD TPE ~D--H +++gt1lt++gtltfgtIltgtIlt+lt++ ltltlt1ltgt1lt+++gt1gt1laquo1+ltIlt+-JltgtIlt+lgtflt1ltf lt1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt (lII[LI= 17F EI47

10 FDCT STU~PTD 8D IHCHES TDR DIB

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D=DIAM[T[F DUTSIDE BRPK RT 45 FEI=1

H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE DELDW--

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-shy - T

c c~~gt--~~~~~~~~

-gt-shy --

cishygt-shy

i- W ltc ~- J_ [r

~ - gt-- ID

W CL 1- Q -

~ ~ gt-shy ~ H~~H~

C 1- - C i- I ugt--~ -- shy ~

- i Cj tS1 i

lt2 = --- ~

shy --1- W- - shy

~ ~ ~~

ishy

u - --L II

shy-

-shyw

-1 -- I

1shy I 0 W 0 ishy gt-shy -1 Ii II II

I I I

--

----

~~~-~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~

-- - --

~ ~ J - ~ -LJ WI

-

--

shy-

~~~~--~ __~H~~

)

JJ - shy

- - co G In

_H~_H - - - ~ ___HHH C]

- i +

JJ W W= 0 -shy - co

co i= I 0 h-In

w [~

~ ~c ~ - H ~ ~ --

- -- T shy~ CC w e~i CT CT

- I- w= ~ LL

3it (j -I ] 0ti=G

~ 0 = ~

lJJ gt-ltLL -1 = ~ CW

LL ~ CL CTD = ~

--7 - i ~t~ --QC co H - ~~ I H

ij ([ w - T - == -1 W+W sect = shy

---gt ~ - - T - CI LW 7

- -- u 5GG5GC shy-L 7c en -- Q 0--7~ - U~ = C7 w co

w ~ CJ ~D - CL ~- I

- 7 [- shy-1gt - ~ttJ CO~-shy5~ = LL

D II

-- U~ C] o~ L - - --

~ -- ~ -shy~

--- - UJ I --

I~ + - = ~ pgt ~~~_~H~~--~

~

shy D -shy

~ eel gt-lt-- --iL -w I C i

~7 = QC crJW -

w+ - = -- 0~

-1~ W - cCJ7c D-- CO~~~__~H___~ -

- u cshy-i-- ~ cshy-~ Ur co 0 I U ur D _Ho

gGl~ 0 C

en ~

~~~H~__~~

- II QD--Q-- [r cr I - ur ~

I = ~ cshy_H -W-1U~ -

~__HHshy

r-- ishy

~ Uj

lJJ i M

- I w

- Uf= LL IUjD DIi- - -1 n II r r r

-~-~-~-~~

i-

-

--

iJJ -

-~~~-~~~

i - - i- - 3

c WW = =

-

- -~_---~~~--~ ---~~

h -- -

u~ -

=

w

--

u -rshyJJ shy

-~-~~ ~ ~ ~ ~

-

co

i-

Ii) C i

WLL1i

_C

--shy

I D

i

J

- - --J -

in

I-- ~shy~shy

-L-7c

7c L~ ~

c~ = -c ~

lt-lt ~

~~2 U~i C I

LuU

C7 - - i-+~

~ ~

- shy

pishy-- c -

c t-C~ Cc shy -shy

u+lt-shy7c

+shy-

- co

3

LJ

6

shy

=- W co

L

Lc U LJ - LLDtshy

~ -shyfJ

ishy rshy -

ishylt--~W

co -

- -ishy -

~ ishy

uj --Lee J

W D ~i

- tshyi~iiJJ Q f- W = - LL LL D

- - ~

-

- w ---

Q

i LL W J LL U (I-CL- ishy

-U)-- -shy ~~~U~I

fshy ishy Uj---shyIi

ishy ~ ~

-

5

u D 0

C]

fshy-1

-

CL

i

j -1

fshy

~

-

shy

~shy

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--

J c U - -c co

iT

j

in I

7

C)

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--

Tshy -~ rshy

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LL

- LL

D co - ~

C LL

CC c-

- - - ~

ishy - CLshyshy f- LlJ - I - L - CL r- LLJ --U~= -

D

--

f

-

~~~-~~~

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e I-- S-C-j--

f~ -

Igt == f-wJ Ui - -

--~~~~

fshy-shy

shy- r-

UJ I

- t= D tshy

I

i

L

L

f II

~

-- -

-

--

~j

~ -- - ~ -- --

-- J -i-shy-

cu = I i -ishy

- -- - - -----gtshy

w ~L -- -- W CI - c D

C=f ~ - ~ ~~ I gt~ -

j- u ~i~ -shy~---shy~ ~

~

- =1 t T rltU ~ ~ lJJ -W --

in in U~ D w ~~ CD CO w C] ~- - J -- ~~ ~

~---~

~shy~--~--~ r~ I C] D [~i Ci iJ ~ D

~ T I + LL J lJJ lJJ LU

- J 0 -- w co Tshy

~ W D Cj CD L cr C]

~il1lJJ

LL lJJ ~--~~

U~ cn - L f- f- Ishy~ ~ lJJ U~ J Cr- - -- T [~ lJJ ~ ~ LL LLi ~ ~ ~ LL LU

D

= 1 ~ LLe ~LL J J ~LL U il 1 I~il CL II -- il~ 1 shy- 7-- in II 1 Q W I C] QilJ

- I l 1 J I i J CL 1e I - I I = ~ I

= I I J I I = I~a~ f-il U~--~~~~~---~~ U~~~~~ I lJJ

n -+ e CD GG J -w

II I- - fshy ~ ~w~t

~- u ~ -wgtw

cr)

L JgtW

LU - -gtWU j - gtLUU crr--~ il U~ II lt= CL i U~ II lt= il

we W I p] (i ~ LU 0) w l- CLI~ r- CL tt s ~ t- II I II

Sf 1

-(I [2tij I-U~~~~

I ~~~~~

I-CI~~~~

= LL I D I

c- - cn u U~ co r- I In ~ ~ ~ il~ z c ~ I G z G D I =~ - shyef= w - CD - A -- ~ ~ ~ Di

3~ - ~~ ~ ~ I i ~ J -D C J I I

C I ~ gt gt I i -- ~~~~~ ~ ~ ~- ~---~-~-shyf- T - ~ f- Ishy

~ - -iI

-- DD

OJh- ~ f-u LL C) shy-- CT

7- L =w lt= I ~ il I il

-~ - I W D

w~~~~-~~~~~~ r--

T ~

QDfshy -- crf-W = lt=I U CO Z~il IIgt W r- r i-WCL U~ lt= ~

~~-~~-~

J 1 z U~Ilt=Dishylil~~ 1 ~I G i- z (1 pjI lt=II gtI z ~I IIgtZII-LU I cn lt= -

I

Ishyr fJ -- ishy

lJJ LJ r

-shyI I- D iJ D I- L- II II II

r r r

~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~

~

~

-

LlJ I

--

~ ~ shy H

~

-~ ~

-- H c--shy

c-

shy -~ ~ ~~ -~~~~ HH~iHH_~~

+

i --

C i cr

- i

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- 0~

-= C- LL w Lj

c -

0 0

CTi

lt-f ILshy

~ shy

LL W

-

G -10

-shy

- - - iT

w~ j iLL LL n cr

= -S2

LL = shyi

LL ~

- I - 2

u~ +

~2shy

-LL LL

~

L

DCP LL CC rshy

~

C--2W I H

HH~_~_~shy

(C LJ i~i

un U~ c ~- H

LL+W G

- U~ Cj - -shy ~ - C ~ r~i

L ~~ = shy - ~ ~ -~ u l--

LlJ - - W

w r 9i

---CL

- --li

-1+ 22J~~ ~~~~~

- - shygt + C shy -

~ - -- - -

- -

i- ~ -shy -shy

CL ~ J gt

--3 7-

J ~shy ~~~~~ - -shy --

-shy

c D -

+LL ~+

~ ~ -

f-LL I 2

~j c

i

D-

C C JW = ~c

~ ~ LL c ---~ - r- cc - -

~~~_H~~H

- - ~

r--LLL u -shy -

~~~~~~~

QS~-

Ci shy

-- U - +

J ---

LL-1 ~ A -

fshy -shy

- -LlJ -

shy~

J

I u jshy -i- ishy

u II

D

- ~ ~ - shy~~~--

-~lJJ w

- - C

-- - cj

~~ ~ ~ ~ shy

~ +LL uJ -shy

-- OJ shy

~ ~

~~~-~ ~--~--C2

ilJ LiJ lJJ-G rshyiei-

lJJ OJ CO -

OJ u~ cr

- - i-- -shyiJ7ishy ~ ~ ~ ~

-

-C- if-i fshy

~ lJJcn ~ co

L7 CJiJLiJ - l iJ lJJlJJ tJ

LLJ~ ~- CJ -- -J - 15 iJU

IS - Q~T ~ c - C =wshy -C- --- w - - -- U~

~ gt- = - IT - shy- - shy~ -

i- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ iI ~ iJf- C] i

ii ~ ii u JI iJ7i-LiJ ~ ~ - r- i II - ~ - - gt- i f~ -

-

G -~ i-

f- ~ lJJuJ f- ~~(J -

c

wi- f-~ c C) IS Q iI Q Q

lJJD LiJ i

OJ - gt- fshyT~ ~ ~f- I

_~i lJJ= In ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ r- -- cn~~~~~ U~~~~

- iJ

-~ V c- - cr - I

--C~ ~ ----

C] = I

w gt- G e J-IS f- gt- OJ G~ cc - - ~

- -

-i

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-7-0 f- -- j -i -- uJ Ci]

ilS ec ~ c

~f-

7- --i - -

LJJ - -- Q ~

lJJ IS

Gcc ~~-~shyf-

f- -[L ~

[shy~ -

3c~-

-- gt- j

-~ -

Q ISshyiJ~ ~

i-- r- -- Cf

Q = =-IS-gtshy

~ shy

f- fshy

--shyu

w lJJ

-J -- --

r- ~- shy

F -d J

IiI

----~_r-~shy~ - - i = I i C i

-- [

-

D ~i~- shy

- ~- r- r-shy ~ shy - ~ ~ shy - -~ ~ - ~

--- ~

-

=shy- - W

shy ishy

r

~-~-shy ----~ ~ --

shy

Cj

SJ +

W shycr CT i- -- -

~

0 D -Lu

~--~~-shy-

J

- ~shy

[shy

W C -- r-

-In cr u cI

Lu W D [ Cj C co U

----

-~----

LL

L1 u -

= ~ QJ

LU U~ U ) LL = cshy

-

)LLW) LL ~

~ - -Q

shycr r~

J C shy-

Q

~ ~ - ~ LL CC r-

LL u

wi LL -

shyf-2W un --shy

-

---i

j C[ WI -~-LL LL

- - --~

W+ =shy W

-

T-

- U~

Q-W J ~ shy~ cshy

~G~- LL LL

-cshy 5~= I

fshy-shy

-CL

c co shy

] U~

U~_---------shy 2

Ck =CT

c -

- ~ rshy rshy

~Gamp

f = -

0-

~

c c

- -----------~ W ) LL

- -- +

shy-shy

cshy

shy

= W - ~ W-

LL

~ -shy _LL ~ -

- Cj

shy ~

J---~ ~-shy--

c T

crCC

shy - -Qshy

shy - shy - - v

CCD

= =~=LL LL

shy

~--~--~-~-shy== C~

- = cshy~shy

Cj

D [-

LL gt1- c shy ~

shy L - U shy shy -~ --

I-shy cshy-CJ -

Lu I

)U I

Lu-- -U iL 1

f-LlJ

- iitI

I-- I

TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

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s ljJ

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c Inshy

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C

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Q LLlC JLL

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shy

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rr

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=7

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co

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-

In

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j j

CO

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c

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CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

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12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

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32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

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4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

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= co

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W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

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--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

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---- shy --shy -- -shy

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co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

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fshy

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- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

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[iPCI~CLIFIC I-[lOT lOLUIn rnHIE~LUME rROM 1 FOOT STIJMP TO 5 INCH TOP ( 11131Dr uriiIlt)

DElli ITITn I IlL I GHT (fTr FI (I tICIIE) 2[1 --I] 1[1 50 bO 70 80 9n lGG l1l1 120

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- 12 -

E Reliability and Adjustments to Local Conditions

The volume tables essentially give average volumesfor trees of a given DBH and height These volumes are subshyject to two sources of statistical error when used for anindividual tree (1) an error associated with estimatingthe true population volume relationship from samplesThis source of error can be reduced by taking more samples(2) An error associatedwith random deviations about thetrue populationvolume relationship This source of errormay be reduced by adding additional explanatory variables(eg form class)

As with all regional volume tables there is a possishybility that stands of trees in specific localities maydepart from the general relationships shown in these tablesAlso where scaling practices differ from the ones used inthis study an additional source of bias may be introducedHence field checks should be made before local use

The followingproceduresare suggested to check theaccuracy of volume tables at the 95 probability level

1 Specify the accuracy level desired for the estimateof tree volume on the average for the stand beingsampled

2 Determine from Table 6 the number of sample treesrequired Sample sizes were computed with the aidof the well known sample size formula

n = t2(CV)2A2

where

n = number of sample trees

t = students t value corresponding to the numberof sample trees and the confidence level being used

CV = coefficient of variation expressed as a decimal

A = accuracy level expressed as a decimal

-------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------

- 13 -

Table 6

Sample trees required for 95 confidence intervalsof various levels of accuracy for tree volumes

Accuracy () Cubic Feet Foard Feet

10 9 168 14 256 25 444 56 1002 225 400

Assumed Coefficient 15 20of Variation ()

3 Once the sample size is chosen trees should beselected for volume measurement that are representashytive of the trees for which volume estimates aredesired Each sample tree is measured for DBBtotal height and volume Volume can be obtainedwith a Relaskop dendrometer or by scaling felledtrees Volumes of sample trees should be determinedby the same procedures used in actual scaling operashytions

4 Compute the percent difference between the measuredvolumes and those estimated by the volume tables foreach sample tree Then compute the average percentdifference for all sample trees

5 If the absolute value of the average percent differshyence ii is less than the accuracy level use thetables without adjustment

6 If the Pi is greater than the accuracy level andthere are no trends in the percent deviations oversize classes multiply estimated volumes by the facshytor

F = (1+P100)

7 Percent deviations sometimes show trends with

estimated volume or DBH in which case regressionadjustments may be utilized For example if thepercentage volume deviation of the sawple varieswith DBH in a linear fashion the following correcshytion factor may be used

F = [1+(P+b(D-D))1CO]D 11

where

- 14 -

F = correction factor for a tree of D inchesD 1

1 15 = average DBH of volume sample trees

b = regression constant computed from the volume sample

2P D - nPD = J J

2D2 - n1521

n = number of sample trees

P = Percent deviation of the jth tree in the J volume sample

D = DBH of the jth tree in the volume sampleJ

If more refined estimates or different confidence levels are desired coefficients of variation derived from Appendix A for each species-volume group can be utilized in conjunction with the famishyliar sample size formula

8 As an example suppose 8 percent accuracy levels were desired at the 95 percent probability level A redwood cubic volume check yielded the followingdata

Total Volumes from Volumes Percent Sample Tree DBH Height Tables Scaled Difference

No (inches) (feet) (cubic feet) (cubic feet) (percent)

1 12 60 14 148 +57 2 12 70 16 17 1 +68 3 12 90 21 228 +48 4 18 90 46 494 +74 5 20 130 82 883 +75 6 22 110 84 917 +92 7 28 100 123 1342 +9 1 8 28 130 160 1755 +97 9 30 120 169 1859 100

10 34 130 234 2604 113 11 36 130 262 2908 110 12 36 140 282 3144 115 13 44 160 477 5380 128 14 44 160 477 5409 134

Averages 2686 +93

- 15 -

In this exampleP = 93 is greater than the 8 per~cent accuracy requirement and may be used to computethe correction factor

F = 1 + 93100 = 1093

There is also a trend in the percentage differencewhich increases with DBH In this case a regresshysion correction factor that varies with DBH will bemore precise The regression coefficient b for

the correction factor FD is computed as1

b = [(57)(12) + (68)(12) + (134)(44) - 14 (93)(2686)][122 + 122 + 442 - 14(2686)2]

= 0227

The correction is then

FD = 1 + (93 + 227 (D- 268))100]i 1

= 1093+00227(D-268)1

For a 44 inch tree the volume estimate from thetable would be adjusted upward by the factor

F44 = 1093+00227(44-268)

= 1132

Adjusted Volume = 1132 x 477 = 540 cubic feet

F Metric Units

Each of the equations presented in this report presumesthat English units are being used In the case where metricunits are used for one or more of the measurements thevolume equations are altered as follows

- 16 -

Measurement Units VolumeDBH Height Desired Conversion(C)

inches feet (feet)-J none

inches feet (meters)shyc3

cm meters (feet)3 (c1-b1)(c2-b2)

cm meters (meters)3(c1-b1) (c2 -b2)c3

Hhere c1 = 254 inchescm

c2 = 03048 ftmeter

c3 = 00283168 m3ft3

b1 b2 = coefficients of the volume equation used

These conversion factors can be used in several HaysFirst if desired measurements of D and H can be converted

using the terms c1 and c2 respectively Alternatively theappropriate composite conversions C can be used to convertthe final volume Desired volume is obtained by multiplyingthe calculated volume from the volume equation times theappropriate conversion factor above

VI CONIFER TAPER MODELS

Taper models estimate diameter inside bark at variousheights on tree boles when only DBH and some measure of treeheight are observed Taper models are used for two princishyple purposes

1 Estimation of the dimensions of upper stem portionsfor defect adjustment in cruising

2 Estimation of the log size mix potentially availablefrom standing trees

A Model Criteria

Taper models are conventionally required to haveseveral properties

1 If total height is an access variable the modelshould predict a diameter inside bark of a at thetree tip Similarly if merchantable height is usedthe equation should predict the top merchantableinside bark diameter at the merchantable height

- 17 shy

2 Predictions of stump or hreast high diameters shouldequal actual measurements at these points Whilethese values are not conventionally recorded in thefield the taper model should be structured sopredicted inside bark diameters can be forcedthrough logical values of these points if necessary

3 Predictions derived from these equations should bealways positive always decrease with increases inbole height and be relatively unbiased at variouspoints on the tree bole

B ~odel Development

Experimentation with several possible functional formsled to the following model which is based on the modifiedinverse of a general sigmoidal equation This model was found form

to satisfy the previous criteria and has the general

d = c D - Df ln[1-Rc1

(1-exp(c f1 - d ~f )))J1 0 1 ~ 0 m~ 1

Where

di = dib in inches at a point lilon the tree bole

D = DBH

h = height in feet from ground to a point i on the tree1 bole

H = general measure of tree height in feet

R = (h-1)(H-1)1

d = merchantable top diameter inside bark correspondingm to the point where h1 = H

f1 = c2 + c3D + c4H

c1 = parameters estimated by regression methods

This model is conditioned so that the predicted diameshyter inside bark will equal a when h = H If H is totalheight d is 0 and the predicted diameter will be a at thetree tip~ Similarly if H is the height to a merchantabletop of say 50 inches d is 50 inches and the predictionwill be conditioned to mpredict 50 inches dib when hi =H

Six taper equations were developed with H being definedas height from the ground to an 85 and C inch (tree tip)

- 18 shy

top dib for redwood and Douglas fir The models werefitted by nonlinear least squares Two to three samplepoints on suitable trees used in the previously desoribedvolume analysis were randomly chosen for equation fittingCoefficient estimates and a statistical summary are shown inTable 7

C Podel Interpretation and Discussion

The coefficient c is interpreted as the ratio ofdib at a 10 foot ~tump to DBH The fitted coefficientswere almost numerically equal to simple ratio estimatorsbased on the same data set so constraining the model was not

considered necessary The term f1 for the taper modelswere chosen after considerable experimentation in attemptsto account for general differences in taper between trees indifferent diameter and height classes Table 8 gives avershyage bias (average difference between actual and predictedvalues) by relative height for all six taper equations Ingeneral these biases are small and quite acceptable for thegeneral level of precision usually required in estimatingupper bole diameters

Table 7

Taper Podel Coefficients and Statistical Summary

REmJOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Merchantable Tops

00 50 80 00 50 80

c 955 956 955 1008 1016 1 0240

387 346 326 415 320 276c1

-362 -247 -211 -275 -169 -142c2

-00581 -00666 -00542 -00770 -00539 -00364c3

00122 00116 000847 000640 000178 000108c4

R2 902 962 967 974 978 975

S 128 119 114 97 81 82yx

SampleCJlze 1238 1217 1164 671 631 574

--

- 19 -

Table 8

Bias of conifer taper equations at various pointon the sample tree boles

REDWOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Equation top diameter Equation top diameter

00 50 80 00 50 80

Bias in Inches

Stump 13 01 -03 22 10 03

DBH -16 01 09 - 15 -03 05

-22 -20 -22 -20 -10 -10h17

30 17 03 25 07 10h33

30 -04 07 35 17 05h5

-06 -03 08 1 1 - 14 -00h67

-34 06 26 -54 -04 00hS5

top 00 00 00 00 00 00

h xx refers to a bole height equal to xx of total height

Positive table values indicate predictions are low

VII VOLUME EQUATION VERSUS TAPER BASED VOLUME ESTIMATES

The coefficients in Appendix A can be used to estimategross volume directly in standing trees The taper equashytions can also be used to obtain indirect estimates of grossvolume Essentially the taper equation is used to estimateinside bark diameters at the places on the tree bole whereit is to be bucked into lengths These lengths are thenscaled using predicted inside bark diameters and summed toestimate total volume Mathematical integration of thetaper function is impossible so this numerical technique isrequired

It should be emphasized that the taper equations weredeveloped to predict inside bark bole diameters not tree

- 20 shy

volume Hence their adequacy in volume estimation cannotbe judged by conventional statistics Regardless the folshylowing ad hoc comparisons were made

A Comparisons

Diameters total heights and scaled cubic volumes to afive inch top of the trees used in the taper analysis wereutilized for comparative purposes The coefficients fromthe appropriate total height-DEH cubic volume equation wereused to directly predict volumes to a five inch top forthese trees The total height taper equations (H isdefined as total height) have the greatest standard deviashytions and range in bias Consequently they were used forcomparative purposes as a measure of the worst that could bedone using taper equations to obtain volume estimatesThese taper equations were used to predict inside bark diamshyeters at one foot intervals on each tree from the stump to afive inch top Smalians formula was then used to computevolume of each segment which were then summed to give anindirect estimate of cubic volume The following statisticswere then computed for both redwood and Douglas fir

1 Aggregate percentage difference

2 Average percentage difference

3 Root mean square percent deviation (RMSPD) computedas

1

RMSPD = (Z((y - y)y)2n)21 1 1

where

y = volume estimated b~hvolume equation or taper 1 equation for the i sample tree

y1 = actual scaled volume of the ith sample tree

n = number of sample trees

These values are shown in Table 9 and are essentially a measure of how close predicted volumes are to actual scaled tree volumes used in the basic analysis As indicators of lack of bias average and aggregate percent differences should be close to zero The RMSPD value is essentially an approximation to the standard deviation expressed as a pershycent Comparisons of these values for the taper equation with those of the volume equation provides a measure of relative efficiency Judging from table 9 there appears to be no bias in volume prediction from the taper equations

- 21 shy

and RMSPD values are almost identical

Table 9

Comparative statistics for judging differences between volume equation and taper equation based volume estimates

Redwood Douglas fir

Average Aggregate RMSPD Average Aggregate RMSPD difference difference difference difference

---per cent---

Volume -8 8 153 1 -12 11 5 equation

Taper -2 19 15 1 2 11 112 equation

Positive percent differences indicate that the estimators are low compared to actual volumes

To provide a measure of relative compatability between volume equations and taper-based volume estimates ratios of estimates produced by both methods are shown for diameter and height classes of trees used in the taper analysis in tables 10 and 11 Except at the edges of the data set there is remarkable agreement between the estimators considshyering no attempt was made to condition the taper equations

B Evaluation

In the course of this taper analysis several items were noted which are possible areas for refinement

1 The taper equations are overall slightly low judging by the aggregate difference This is probshyably due to estimating dib rather than dib squared which is proportional to volume It is well known that the squared average of a sample is less than the average squared value unless all of the diameters are the same

2 The rather simple expression of the term f in the equation may not be totally adequate for describing taper differences between trees of different DBH and height

--

- 22 shy

3 The increases with height in the ratios of volume equations to taper based estimates is largely due tothe data set being used No significant trendsindicating a lack of fit were detected in a comparishyson of both volume equations and taper estimateswith actual scaled volumes For Douglas fir thedifference is more pronounced and apparently due toa small and somewhat lopsided distribution of thesample trees

We encourage the cooperators to review these taperequations prior to final publication

In summary volume equations produce simple and effishycient estimates of gro~s tree volume However taper equashytions can be used to produce similar estimates although theyare somewhat cumbersome Taper equations are necessary whenvolumes by logs in individual trees are desired

VIII VOLUME TABLES

While the volume equations presented rere are very useshyful for incorporation into inventory analysis programs many foresters will want some of these volume equations turned into table form The combinationsof speciesgroups (3) equation types (2) measurement units (3) and top diameters (4) would require 72 individual volume tables Wben one considers the possible range of form classes of interest the number of possible tables is even more formidable Since any individual would only be interested in a few of these tables no attempt is being made to publish all ofthese tables

However in Appendix C 50 inch merchantable top boardfoot cubic foot and cubic meter tables are given for eachof the two species Redwood and Douglas fir by DBH andtotal height A listing of the computer program used toproduce these tables is available from the authors

TABLE 10 Redwood -- Rat~os of volume equationto taper based estima s of cubic volume froma 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH andHeight classes of trees used in taper analysis

I D8H I

I I 1[I 20 30 -10 50 lr3

TOTAL HEI GHT

70 80 9~3

(FEET)

100 110 120 1313 140 150 160 1E1 1813 190 200

101 12 I I [ 16 I

109 102

97 105 107 101 101

1( 97

108 103

99

112 106 1 D3 103 1 1211 101

107 103 1 [11

102 1 ~j1 1 [10 1 DE1

11 I

1] I

2gt I 24 I i6 I

94

9)

1(

96

99 100

9 99

~H 99

97 93

97 99

100 100 100 99 1 [113 1[10 100 9~1 98

99 100 100 99 99

99 1 O~J 1 (10 1 CH] 99

99 100 100 100 11]0

S18

97

9B

99 9E1

96

97 97

94

2 I 30 I 32 I 34 I 31 I

9B 99

IDO 100

113D 100 1 Em 101 1 cn 1 [11 101 1~j2

1 (C

1 [11 1 [11 101 101 102 102 11212 103 103 103

100 101 102 102 103

100 100 1 I] 1 102 103

SI9 SIE

10D ~)9 1 [11 1 [1[1 101101 102 102

97

98

99 97

1 [I1

E I 40 I Q I 44 I ill I

1 05

106

1 04 1 04 1 03

106 1 07

105 106 106

1 O 1 pound11 1 03 103 104 104

1 r~16

1 00 101 101 1D4 1 D5

4 i[I 32 I 56

I ] ] I I

108 1 Ot

1[17

110 106

5= I 60 I

TABLE 11 Douglas fir Ratios of volume equation to taper based estimates of cubic volume from a 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH and Height classes of trees used in taper analysis

--

I DEH I

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60 7t3

TlJTRL HE IcHT

BO 90

(FEET)

100 110 120

-----------------------------------------------

130 140 150 160 170 181] 196 2130

1j I 12 I 11 I 11 I

86 95 99

n 99 95 92

99

94

1 04 102

97

106 103 1DO

105 1 D1

1 me 103 106

13 I 20 I 2 I 4 I ~C I

9D 93 92 ~30

17 1 00

96 9C

95 97

93 96

93 9)

1 01 1 00

99

9B

97

1 E14 1 05 102 103 101 102 100 1 [12

99 101

104 104 104 1135

1 04

1 1217

106 106

I 30 I 3 I 3[ I C I

-deg 94 97

99 1 00 1 00

99 100

1 04 102 1 I) 1 ll4 101 102

1 0~5 1 06 1 04 1 (16 11215 104 106

1 139 1m

3 I lD I 4 I 44 I 4C I

1 EJ3 104

104

106

4 I 5U I 52 I ~l I 1 I

1 07

5 T CO I

- 23 -

Literature Cited

Akima Hiroshi 1970 A new method of interpolation and smooth curve

fitting based on local procedures ESSA Research Laboratories Boulder Colorado

Baskerville GL1972 Use of logarithmic regression in the estimation

of plant biomass Can J For Res 2(1)49shy53

Bruce Donald Schumacher Francis Y1950 Forest mensuration 3ded xvii 483p

Johnson Floyd A1966 Bark factors for Douglas fir USDA Forest

Servo Res Paper PNW - 34 Pacific NorthwestFor and Rng Exp Sta Portland Ore 3p

Palley Marshall N1959 Board foot volume tables for young growth coashy

stal Redwood California Forestry and ForestProducts No 11 California AgriculturalExpt Station Berkeley California 5p

Wensel Lee C1971 Tree volume equations from measurements taken

with a Barr and Stroud optical dendrometerHilgardia 41(4)55-64

- 24 -

Appendix

CONIFER TREE VOLU~E EQUATIONS

This appendix contains tables of statistical summariesand coefficient estimates of conifer tree volume equationsEach table has six equation summaries three board foot andthree cubic foot each accessed by total height merchantableheight or height in 163 foot logs Stump height isassumed to be one foot and board foot volumes are based onScribner scale with a nominal scaling length of 16 feet witha 3 foot trim allowance Top diameters vary with eachtable Table A1 provides a quick reference guide to tablespecifications

(1) Types of Equations

Equations are of two types

a) D-H Diameter-height equationsb) D-H-GF Diameter-height-form class equations

The form of diameter height equations is indicated

in Fortran notation as

v = BO(DB1)(HB2)

which in regular mathematical notation isb b

V = b D 1H 20

Similarly the form class equations are in Fortrannotation

V = BO(DB1)(HB2)(GFBS)

which in standard notation is equivalent to

b b b V = b 0D 1H 2GF 3

- 25 shy

(2) Exponential Notation

The coefficient estimates are given to 4 signishyficant digits in exponential notation As examples

5639E-03 = 5639x10-3 = 0005639

25639E+02= 5639x10 = 5639

(3) Standard Deviations

a) Logarithmic (LN UNITS) - Standard deviations ofresiduals are reported in natural logarithmic (baseIe) units

b) Normal Units (PERCENT) - Standard deviations arealso reported as a percentage of predicted volumesThis value is also the coefficient of variation

(4) Adjustment for Logarithmic Bias (LN BIAS)

This value is a multiplicative adjustment usushyally negligable that can be used to correct thevolume equations for any inherent bias resulting from the logarithmic transformations in the equation fitting process

(5) Percent Average Deviation (AVE DEV PERCENT)

This value is the average percent deviation ofactual versus predicted values of the sample used infitting the respective equation

(6) Percent Aggregate Difference (AGG DIFF PERCENT)

This value is the percent difference of thetotal actual volume of sample trees versuspredicted Negative values indicate the equationsare low positive values indicate the equations arehigh

---------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------

- 26 -

Quick Reference

TABLE A1

Guide to Conifer Volume Equations

Table No Species Top

Volume

dLb

to

(inches) Equation Type

1 Redwood 8 2 Redwood 8 3 Redwood 7 4 Redwood 7 5 Redwood 6 6 Redwood 6 7 Redwood 5 8 Redwood 5 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas FirWhitewoods

8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 8

18 Whitewoods 8 19 Whitewoods 7 20 Whitewoods 7 21 Whitewoods 6 22 Whitewoods 6 23 Whitewoods 5 24 Whitewoods 5

D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF

T(jDLE 1 GFDS=vCiLUr-IE T(iEIU~ FOP REDLJDDD TPE ~D--H +++gt1lt++gtltfgtIltgtIlt+lt++ ltltlt1ltgt1lt+++gt1gt1laquo1+ltIlt+-JltgtIlt+lgtflt1ltf lt1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt (lII[LI= 17F EI47

10 FDCT STU~PTD 8D IHCHES TDR DIB

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D=DIAM[T[F DUTSIDE BRPK RT 45 FEI=1

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10 FOOT ~3TlHlr= TO 50] tICHE~3 TOP D I Ei

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C 1- - C i- I ugt--~ -- shy ~

- i Cj tS1 i

lt2 = --- ~

shy --1- W- - shy

~ ~ ~~

ishy

u - --L II

shy-

-shyw

-1 -- I

1shy I 0 W 0 ishy gt-shy -1 Ii II II

I I I

--

----

~~~-~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~

-- - --

~ ~ J - ~ -LJ WI

-

--

shy-

~~~~--~ __~H~~

)

JJ - shy

- - co G In

_H~_H - - - ~ ___HHH C]

- i +

JJ W W= 0 -shy - co

co i= I 0 h-In

w [~

~ ~c ~ - H ~ ~ --

- -- T shy~ CC w e~i CT CT

- I- w= ~ LL

3it (j -I ] 0ti=G

~ 0 = ~

lJJ gt-ltLL -1 = ~ CW

LL ~ CL CTD = ~

--7 - i ~t~ --QC co H - ~~ I H

ij ([ w - T - == -1 W+W sect = shy

---gt ~ - - T - CI LW 7

- -- u 5GG5GC shy-L 7c en -- Q 0--7~ - U~ = C7 w co

w ~ CJ ~D - CL ~- I

- 7 [- shy-1gt - ~ttJ CO~-shy5~ = LL

D II

-- U~ C] o~ L - - --

~ -- ~ -shy~

--- - UJ I --

I~ + - = ~ pgt ~~~_~H~~--~

~

shy D -shy

~ eel gt-lt-- --iL -w I C i

~7 = QC crJW -

w+ - = -- 0~

-1~ W - cCJ7c D-- CO~~~__~H___~ -

- u cshy-i-- ~ cshy-~ Ur co 0 I U ur D _Ho

gGl~ 0 C

en ~

~~~H~__~~

- II QD--Q-- [r cr I - ur ~

I = ~ cshy_H -W-1U~ -

~__HHshy

r-- ishy

~ Uj

lJJ i M

- I w

- Uf= LL IUjD DIi- - -1 n II r r r

-~-~-~-~~

i-

-

--

iJJ -

-~~~-~~~

i - - i- - 3

c WW = =

-

- -~_---~~~--~ ---~~

h -- -

u~ -

=

w

--

u -rshyJJ shy

-~-~~ ~ ~ ~ ~

-

co

i-

Ii) C i

WLL1i

_C

--shy

I D

i

J

- - --J -

in

I-- ~shy~shy

-L-7c

7c L~ ~

c~ = -c ~

lt-lt ~

~~2 U~i C I

LuU

C7 - - i-+~

~ ~

- shy

pishy-- c -

c t-C~ Cc shy -shy

u+lt-shy7c

+shy-

- co

3

LJ

6

shy

=- W co

L

Lc U LJ - LLDtshy

~ -shyfJ

ishy rshy -

ishylt--~W

co -

- -ishy -

~ ishy

uj --Lee J

W D ~i

- tshyi~iiJJ Q f- W = - LL LL D

- - ~

-

- w ---

Q

i LL W J LL U (I-CL- ishy

-U)-- -shy ~~~U~I

fshy ishy Uj---shyIi

ishy ~ ~

-

5

u D 0

C]

fshy-1

-

CL

i

j -1

fshy

~

-

shy

~shy

-

--

J c U - -c co

iT

j

in I

7

C)

~--shy

--

Tshy -~ rshy

- -- -shy i-W

LL

- LL

D co - ~

C LL

CC c-

- - - ~

ishy - CLshyshy f- LlJ - I - L - CL r- LLJ --U~= -

D

--

f

-

~~~-~~~

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e I-- S-C-j--

f~ -

Igt == f-wJ Ui - -

--~~~~

fshy-shy

shy- r-

UJ I

- t= D tshy

I

i

L

L

f II

~

-- -

-

--

~j

~ -- - ~ -- --

-- J -i-shy-

cu = I i -ishy

- -- - - -----gtshy

w ~L -- -- W CI - c D

C=f ~ - ~ ~~ I gt~ -

j- u ~i~ -shy~---shy~ ~

~

- =1 t T rltU ~ ~ lJJ -W --

in in U~ D w ~~ CD CO w C] ~- - J -- ~~ ~

~---~

~shy~--~--~ r~ I C] D [~i Ci iJ ~ D

~ T I + LL J lJJ lJJ LU

- J 0 -- w co Tshy

~ W D Cj CD L cr C]

~il1lJJ

LL lJJ ~--~~

U~ cn - L f- f- Ishy~ ~ lJJ U~ J Cr- - -- T [~ lJJ ~ ~ LL LLi ~ ~ ~ LL LU

D

= 1 ~ LLe ~LL J J ~LL U il 1 I~il CL II -- il~ 1 shy- 7-- in II 1 Q W I C] QilJ

- I l 1 J I i J CL 1e I - I I = ~ I

= I I J I I = I~a~ f-il U~--~~~~~---~~ U~~~~~ I lJJ

n -+ e CD GG J -w

II I- - fshy ~ ~w~t

~- u ~ -wgtw

cr)

L JgtW

LU - -gtWU j - gtLUU crr--~ il U~ II lt= CL i U~ II lt= il

we W I p] (i ~ LU 0) w l- CLI~ r- CL tt s ~ t- II I II

Sf 1

-(I [2tij I-U~~~~

I ~~~~~

I-CI~~~~

= LL I D I

c- - cn u U~ co r- I In ~ ~ ~ il~ z c ~ I G z G D I =~ - shyef= w - CD - A -- ~ ~ ~ Di

3~ - ~~ ~ ~ I i ~ J -D C J I I

C I ~ gt gt I i -- ~~~~~ ~ ~ ~- ~---~-~-shyf- T - ~ f- Ishy

~ - -iI

-- DD

OJh- ~ f-u LL C) shy-- CT

7- L =w lt= I ~ il I il

-~ - I W D

w~~~~-~~~~~~ r--

T ~

QDfshy -- crf-W = lt=I U CO Z~il IIgt W r- r i-WCL U~ lt= ~

~~-~~-~

J 1 z U~Ilt=Dishylil~~ 1 ~I G i- z (1 pjI lt=II gtI z ~I IIgtZII-LU I cn lt= -

I

Ishyr fJ -- ishy

lJJ LJ r

-shyI I- D iJ D I- L- II II II

r r r

~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~

~

~

-

LlJ I

--

~ ~ shy H

~

-~ ~

-- H c--shy

c-

shy -~ ~ ~~ -~~~~ HH~iHH_~~

+

i --

C i cr

- i

~~~~shy -~ ~ H

- 0~

-= C- LL w Lj

c -

0 0

CTi

lt-f ILshy

~ shy

LL W

-

G -10

-shy

- - - iT

w~ j iLL LL n cr

= -S2

LL = shyi

LL ~

- I - 2

u~ +

~2shy

-LL LL

~

L

DCP LL CC rshy

~

C--2W I H

HH~_~_~shy

(C LJ i~i

un U~ c ~- H

LL+W G

- U~ Cj - -shy ~ - C ~ r~i

L ~~ = shy - ~ ~ -~ u l--

LlJ - - W

w r 9i

---CL

- --li

-1+ 22J~~ ~~~~~

- - shygt + C shy -

~ - -- - -

- -

i- ~ -shy -shy

CL ~ J gt

--3 7-

J ~shy ~~~~~ - -shy --

-shy

c D -

+LL ~+

~ ~ -

f-LL I 2

~j c

i

D-

C C JW = ~c

~ ~ LL c ---~ - r- cc - -

~~~_H~~H

- - ~

r--LLL u -shy -

~~~~~~~

QS~-

Ci shy

-- U - +

J ---

LL-1 ~ A -

fshy -shy

- -LlJ -

shy~

J

I u jshy -i- ishy

u II

D

- ~ ~ - shy~~~--

-~lJJ w

- - C

-- - cj

~~ ~ ~ ~ shy

~ +LL uJ -shy

-- OJ shy

~ ~

~~~-~ ~--~--C2

ilJ LiJ lJJ-G rshyiei-

lJJ OJ CO -

OJ u~ cr

- - i-- -shyiJ7ishy ~ ~ ~ ~

-

-C- if-i fshy

~ lJJcn ~ co

L7 CJiJLiJ - l iJ lJJlJJ tJ

LLJ~ ~- CJ -- -J - 15 iJU

IS - Q~T ~ c - C =wshy -C- --- w - - -- U~

~ gt- = - IT - shy- - shy~ -

i- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ iI ~ iJf- C] i

ii ~ ii u JI iJ7i-LiJ ~ ~ - r- i II - ~ - - gt- i f~ -

-

G -~ i-

f- ~ lJJuJ f- ~~(J -

c

wi- f-~ c C) IS Q iI Q Q

lJJD LiJ i

OJ - gt- fshyT~ ~ ~f- I

_~i lJJ= In ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ r- -- cn~~~~~ U~~~~

- iJ

-~ V c- - cr - I

--C~ ~ ----

C] = I

w gt- G e J-IS f- gt- OJ G~ cc - - ~

- -

-i

-~~~~shy~LiJ~ef- gtshy

-7-0 f- -- j -i -- uJ Ci]

ilS ec ~ c

~f-

7- --i - -

LJJ - -- Q ~

lJJ IS

Gcc ~~-~shyf-

f- -[L ~

[shy~ -

3c~-

-- gt- j

-~ -

Q ISshyiJ~ ~

i-- r- -- Cf

Q = =-IS-gtshy

~ shy

f- fshy

--shyu

w lJJ

-J -- --

r- ~- shy

F -d J

IiI

----~_r-~shy~ - - i = I i C i

-- [

-

D ~i~- shy

- ~- r- r-shy ~ shy - ~ ~ shy - -~ ~ - ~

--- ~

-

=shy- - W

shy ishy

r

~-~-shy ----~ ~ --

shy

Cj

SJ +

W shycr CT i- -- -

~

0 D -Lu

~--~~-shy-

J

- ~shy

[shy

W C -- r-

-In cr u cI

Lu W D [ Cj C co U

----

-~----

LL

L1 u -

= ~ QJ

LU U~ U ) LL = cshy

-

)LLW) LL ~

~ - -Q

shycr r~

J C shy-

Q

~ ~ - ~ LL CC r-

LL u

wi LL -

shyf-2W un --shy

-

---i

j C[ WI -~-LL LL

- - --~

W+ =shy W

-

T-

- U~

Q-W J ~ shy~ cshy

~G~- LL LL

-cshy 5~= I

fshy-shy

-CL

c co shy

] U~

U~_---------shy 2

Ck =CT

c -

- ~ rshy rshy

~Gamp

f = -

0-

~

c c

- -----------~ W ) LL

- -- +

shy-shy

cshy

shy

= W - ~ W-

LL

~ -shy _LL ~ -

- Cj

shy ~

J---~ ~-shy--

c T

crCC

shy - -Qshy

shy - shy - - v

CCD

= =~=LL LL

shy

~--~--~-~-shy== C~

- = cshy~shy

Cj

D [-

LL gt1- c shy ~

shy L - U shy shy -~ --

I-shy cshy-CJ -

Lu I

)U I

Lu-- -U iL 1

f-LlJ

- iitI

I-- I

TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

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Q LLlC JLL

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shy

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rr

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CO

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-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

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12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

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2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

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32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

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4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

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fshy-shyiJ

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ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

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d ~~~ 2

C] CO

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ill

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- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

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GFI~I~= E[rIPD FCiOT OLUIIETIIFI [ [ilIHE [=[111 1 FllOr =TIIIIF TO ~) IIICH TiiF I I II~I file 1(111lt)

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[iPCI~CLIFIC I-[lOT lOLUIn rnHIE~LUME rROM 1 FOOT STIJMP TO 5 INCH TOP ( 11131Dr uriiIlt)

DElli ITITn I IlL I GHT (fTr FI (I tICIIE) 2[1 --I] 1[1 50 bO 70 80 9n lGG l1l1 120

----shy

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114 4 11 15 19 ~4 29 34 39 ~t_ 51 -~16 5 3 1 lC n 2~ 35 42 49 ~i6 to

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- 13 -

Table 6

Sample trees required for 95 confidence intervalsof various levels of accuracy for tree volumes

Accuracy () Cubic Feet Foard Feet

10 9 168 14 256 25 444 56 1002 225 400

Assumed Coefficient 15 20of Variation ()

3 Once the sample size is chosen trees should beselected for volume measurement that are representashytive of the trees for which volume estimates aredesired Each sample tree is measured for DBBtotal height and volume Volume can be obtainedwith a Relaskop dendrometer or by scaling felledtrees Volumes of sample trees should be determinedby the same procedures used in actual scaling operashytions

4 Compute the percent difference between the measuredvolumes and those estimated by the volume tables foreach sample tree Then compute the average percentdifference for all sample trees

5 If the absolute value of the average percent differshyence ii is less than the accuracy level use thetables without adjustment

6 If the Pi is greater than the accuracy level andthere are no trends in the percent deviations oversize classes multiply estimated volumes by the facshytor

F = (1+P100)

7 Percent deviations sometimes show trends with

estimated volume or DBH in which case regressionadjustments may be utilized For example if thepercentage volume deviation of the sawple varieswith DBH in a linear fashion the following correcshytion factor may be used

F = [1+(P+b(D-D))1CO]D 11

where

- 14 -

F = correction factor for a tree of D inchesD 1

1 15 = average DBH of volume sample trees

b = regression constant computed from the volume sample

2P D - nPD = J J

2D2 - n1521

n = number of sample trees

P = Percent deviation of the jth tree in the J volume sample

D = DBH of the jth tree in the volume sampleJ

If more refined estimates or different confidence levels are desired coefficients of variation derived from Appendix A for each species-volume group can be utilized in conjunction with the famishyliar sample size formula

8 As an example suppose 8 percent accuracy levels were desired at the 95 percent probability level A redwood cubic volume check yielded the followingdata

Total Volumes from Volumes Percent Sample Tree DBH Height Tables Scaled Difference

No (inches) (feet) (cubic feet) (cubic feet) (percent)

1 12 60 14 148 +57 2 12 70 16 17 1 +68 3 12 90 21 228 +48 4 18 90 46 494 +74 5 20 130 82 883 +75 6 22 110 84 917 +92 7 28 100 123 1342 +9 1 8 28 130 160 1755 +97 9 30 120 169 1859 100

10 34 130 234 2604 113 11 36 130 262 2908 110 12 36 140 282 3144 115 13 44 160 477 5380 128 14 44 160 477 5409 134

Averages 2686 +93

- 15 -

In this exampleP = 93 is greater than the 8 per~cent accuracy requirement and may be used to computethe correction factor

F = 1 + 93100 = 1093

There is also a trend in the percentage differencewhich increases with DBH In this case a regresshysion correction factor that varies with DBH will bemore precise The regression coefficient b for

the correction factor FD is computed as1

b = [(57)(12) + (68)(12) + (134)(44) - 14 (93)(2686)][122 + 122 + 442 - 14(2686)2]

= 0227

The correction is then

FD = 1 + (93 + 227 (D- 268))100]i 1

= 1093+00227(D-268)1

For a 44 inch tree the volume estimate from thetable would be adjusted upward by the factor

F44 = 1093+00227(44-268)

= 1132

Adjusted Volume = 1132 x 477 = 540 cubic feet

F Metric Units

Each of the equations presented in this report presumesthat English units are being used In the case where metricunits are used for one or more of the measurements thevolume equations are altered as follows

- 16 -

Measurement Units VolumeDBH Height Desired Conversion(C)

inches feet (feet)-J none

inches feet (meters)shyc3

cm meters (feet)3 (c1-b1)(c2-b2)

cm meters (meters)3(c1-b1) (c2 -b2)c3

Hhere c1 = 254 inchescm

c2 = 03048 ftmeter

c3 = 00283168 m3ft3

b1 b2 = coefficients of the volume equation used

These conversion factors can be used in several HaysFirst if desired measurements of D and H can be converted

using the terms c1 and c2 respectively Alternatively theappropriate composite conversions C can be used to convertthe final volume Desired volume is obtained by multiplyingthe calculated volume from the volume equation times theappropriate conversion factor above

VI CONIFER TAPER MODELS

Taper models estimate diameter inside bark at variousheights on tree boles when only DBH and some measure of treeheight are observed Taper models are used for two princishyple purposes

1 Estimation of the dimensions of upper stem portionsfor defect adjustment in cruising

2 Estimation of the log size mix potentially availablefrom standing trees

A Model Criteria

Taper models are conventionally required to haveseveral properties

1 If total height is an access variable the modelshould predict a diameter inside bark of a at thetree tip Similarly if merchantable height is usedthe equation should predict the top merchantableinside bark diameter at the merchantable height

- 17 shy

2 Predictions of stump or hreast high diameters shouldequal actual measurements at these points Whilethese values are not conventionally recorded in thefield the taper model should be structured sopredicted inside bark diameters can be forcedthrough logical values of these points if necessary

3 Predictions derived from these equations should bealways positive always decrease with increases inbole height and be relatively unbiased at variouspoints on the tree bole

B ~odel Development

Experimentation with several possible functional formsled to the following model which is based on the modifiedinverse of a general sigmoidal equation This model was found form

to satisfy the previous criteria and has the general

d = c D - Df ln[1-Rc1

(1-exp(c f1 - d ~f )))J1 0 1 ~ 0 m~ 1

Where

di = dib in inches at a point lilon the tree bole

D = DBH

h = height in feet from ground to a point i on the tree1 bole

H = general measure of tree height in feet

R = (h-1)(H-1)1

d = merchantable top diameter inside bark correspondingm to the point where h1 = H

f1 = c2 + c3D + c4H

c1 = parameters estimated by regression methods

This model is conditioned so that the predicted diameshyter inside bark will equal a when h = H If H is totalheight d is 0 and the predicted diameter will be a at thetree tip~ Similarly if H is the height to a merchantabletop of say 50 inches d is 50 inches and the predictionwill be conditioned to mpredict 50 inches dib when hi =H

Six taper equations were developed with H being definedas height from the ground to an 85 and C inch (tree tip)

- 18 shy

top dib for redwood and Douglas fir The models werefitted by nonlinear least squares Two to three samplepoints on suitable trees used in the previously desoribedvolume analysis were randomly chosen for equation fittingCoefficient estimates and a statistical summary are shown inTable 7

C Podel Interpretation and Discussion

The coefficient c is interpreted as the ratio ofdib at a 10 foot ~tump to DBH The fitted coefficientswere almost numerically equal to simple ratio estimatorsbased on the same data set so constraining the model was not

considered necessary The term f1 for the taper modelswere chosen after considerable experimentation in attemptsto account for general differences in taper between trees indifferent diameter and height classes Table 8 gives avershyage bias (average difference between actual and predictedvalues) by relative height for all six taper equations Ingeneral these biases are small and quite acceptable for thegeneral level of precision usually required in estimatingupper bole diameters

Table 7

Taper Podel Coefficients and Statistical Summary

REmJOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Merchantable Tops

00 50 80 00 50 80

c 955 956 955 1008 1016 1 0240

387 346 326 415 320 276c1

-362 -247 -211 -275 -169 -142c2

-00581 -00666 -00542 -00770 -00539 -00364c3

00122 00116 000847 000640 000178 000108c4

R2 902 962 967 974 978 975

S 128 119 114 97 81 82yx

SampleCJlze 1238 1217 1164 671 631 574

--

- 19 -

Table 8

Bias of conifer taper equations at various pointon the sample tree boles

REDWOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Equation top diameter Equation top diameter

00 50 80 00 50 80

Bias in Inches

Stump 13 01 -03 22 10 03

DBH -16 01 09 - 15 -03 05

-22 -20 -22 -20 -10 -10h17

30 17 03 25 07 10h33

30 -04 07 35 17 05h5

-06 -03 08 1 1 - 14 -00h67

-34 06 26 -54 -04 00hS5

top 00 00 00 00 00 00

h xx refers to a bole height equal to xx of total height

Positive table values indicate predictions are low

VII VOLUME EQUATION VERSUS TAPER BASED VOLUME ESTIMATES

The coefficients in Appendix A can be used to estimategross volume directly in standing trees The taper equashytions can also be used to obtain indirect estimates of grossvolume Essentially the taper equation is used to estimateinside bark diameters at the places on the tree bole whereit is to be bucked into lengths These lengths are thenscaled using predicted inside bark diameters and summed toestimate total volume Mathematical integration of thetaper function is impossible so this numerical technique isrequired

It should be emphasized that the taper equations weredeveloped to predict inside bark bole diameters not tree

- 20 shy

volume Hence their adequacy in volume estimation cannotbe judged by conventional statistics Regardless the folshylowing ad hoc comparisons were made

A Comparisons

Diameters total heights and scaled cubic volumes to afive inch top of the trees used in the taper analysis wereutilized for comparative purposes The coefficients fromthe appropriate total height-DEH cubic volume equation wereused to directly predict volumes to a five inch top forthese trees The total height taper equations (H isdefined as total height) have the greatest standard deviashytions and range in bias Consequently they were used forcomparative purposes as a measure of the worst that could bedone using taper equations to obtain volume estimatesThese taper equations were used to predict inside bark diamshyeters at one foot intervals on each tree from the stump to afive inch top Smalians formula was then used to computevolume of each segment which were then summed to give anindirect estimate of cubic volume The following statisticswere then computed for both redwood and Douglas fir

1 Aggregate percentage difference

2 Average percentage difference

3 Root mean square percent deviation (RMSPD) computedas

1

RMSPD = (Z((y - y)y)2n)21 1 1

where

y = volume estimated b~hvolume equation or taper 1 equation for the i sample tree

y1 = actual scaled volume of the ith sample tree

n = number of sample trees

These values are shown in Table 9 and are essentially a measure of how close predicted volumes are to actual scaled tree volumes used in the basic analysis As indicators of lack of bias average and aggregate percent differences should be close to zero The RMSPD value is essentially an approximation to the standard deviation expressed as a pershycent Comparisons of these values for the taper equation with those of the volume equation provides a measure of relative efficiency Judging from table 9 there appears to be no bias in volume prediction from the taper equations

- 21 shy

and RMSPD values are almost identical

Table 9

Comparative statistics for judging differences between volume equation and taper equation based volume estimates

Redwood Douglas fir

Average Aggregate RMSPD Average Aggregate RMSPD difference difference difference difference

---per cent---

Volume -8 8 153 1 -12 11 5 equation

Taper -2 19 15 1 2 11 112 equation

Positive percent differences indicate that the estimators are low compared to actual volumes

To provide a measure of relative compatability between volume equations and taper-based volume estimates ratios of estimates produced by both methods are shown for diameter and height classes of trees used in the taper analysis in tables 10 and 11 Except at the edges of the data set there is remarkable agreement between the estimators considshyering no attempt was made to condition the taper equations

B Evaluation

In the course of this taper analysis several items were noted which are possible areas for refinement

1 The taper equations are overall slightly low judging by the aggregate difference This is probshyably due to estimating dib rather than dib squared which is proportional to volume It is well known that the squared average of a sample is less than the average squared value unless all of the diameters are the same

2 The rather simple expression of the term f in the equation may not be totally adequate for describing taper differences between trees of different DBH and height

--

- 22 shy

3 The increases with height in the ratios of volume equations to taper based estimates is largely due tothe data set being used No significant trendsindicating a lack of fit were detected in a comparishyson of both volume equations and taper estimateswith actual scaled volumes For Douglas fir thedifference is more pronounced and apparently due toa small and somewhat lopsided distribution of thesample trees

We encourage the cooperators to review these taperequations prior to final publication

In summary volume equations produce simple and effishycient estimates of gro~s tree volume However taper equashytions can be used to produce similar estimates although theyare somewhat cumbersome Taper equations are necessary whenvolumes by logs in individual trees are desired

VIII VOLUME TABLES

While the volume equations presented rere are very useshyful for incorporation into inventory analysis programs many foresters will want some of these volume equations turned into table form The combinationsof speciesgroups (3) equation types (2) measurement units (3) and top diameters (4) would require 72 individual volume tables Wben one considers the possible range of form classes of interest the number of possible tables is even more formidable Since any individual would only be interested in a few of these tables no attempt is being made to publish all ofthese tables

However in Appendix C 50 inch merchantable top boardfoot cubic foot and cubic meter tables are given for eachof the two species Redwood and Douglas fir by DBH andtotal height A listing of the computer program used toproduce these tables is available from the authors

TABLE 10 Redwood -- Rat~os of volume equationto taper based estima s of cubic volume froma 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH andHeight classes of trees used in taper analysis

I D8H I

I I 1[I 20 30 -10 50 lr3

TOTAL HEI GHT

70 80 9~3

(FEET)

100 110 120 1313 140 150 160 1E1 1813 190 200

101 12 I I [ 16 I

109 102

97 105 107 101 101

1( 97

108 103

99

112 106 1 D3 103 1 1211 101

107 103 1 [11

102 1 ~j1 1 [10 1 DE1

11 I

1] I

2gt I 24 I i6 I

94

9)

1(

96

99 100

9 99

~H 99

97 93

97 99

100 100 100 99 1 [113 1[10 100 9~1 98

99 100 100 99 99

99 1 O~J 1 (10 1 CH] 99

99 100 100 100 11]0

S18

97

9B

99 9E1

96

97 97

94

2 I 30 I 32 I 34 I 31 I

9B 99

IDO 100

113D 100 1 Em 101 1 cn 1 [11 101 1~j2

1 (C

1 [11 1 [11 101 101 102 102 11212 103 103 103

100 101 102 102 103

100 100 1 I] 1 102 103

SI9 SIE

10D ~)9 1 [11 1 [1[1 101101 102 102

97

98

99 97

1 [I1

E I 40 I Q I 44 I ill I

1 05

106

1 04 1 04 1 03

106 1 07

105 106 106

1 O 1 pound11 1 03 103 104 104

1 r~16

1 00 101 101 1D4 1 D5

4 i[I 32 I 56

I ] ] I I

108 1 Ot

1[17

110 106

5= I 60 I

TABLE 11 Douglas fir Ratios of volume equation to taper based estimates of cubic volume from a 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH and Height classes of trees used in taper analysis

--

I DEH I

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60 7t3

TlJTRL HE IcHT

BO 90

(FEET)

100 110 120

-----------------------------------------------

130 140 150 160 170 181] 196 2130

1j I 12 I 11 I 11 I

86 95 99

n 99 95 92

99

94

1 04 102

97

106 103 1DO

105 1 D1

1 me 103 106

13 I 20 I 2 I 4 I ~C I

9D 93 92 ~30

17 1 00

96 9C

95 97

93 96

93 9)

1 01 1 00

99

9B

97

1 E14 1 05 102 103 101 102 100 1 [12

99 101

104 104 104 1135

1 04

1 1217

106 106

I 30 I 3 I 3[ I C I

-deg 94 97

99 1 00 1 00

99 100

1 04 102 1 I) 1 ll4 101 102

1 0~5 1 06 1 04 1 (16 11215 104 106

1 139 1m

3 I lD I 4 I 44 I 4C I

1 EJ3 104

104

106

4 I 5U I 52 I ~l I 1 I

1 07

5 T CO I

- 23 -

Literature Cited

Akima Hiroshi 1970 A new method of interpolation and smooth curve

fitting based on local procedures ESSA Research Laboratories Boulder Colorado

Baskerville GL1972 Use of logarithmic regression in the estimation

of plant biomass Can J For Res 2(1)49shy53

Bruce Donald Schumacher Francis Y1950 Forest mensuration 3ded xvii 483p

Johnson Floyd A1966 Bark factors for Douglas fir USDA Forest

Servo Res Paper PNW - 34 Pacific NorthwestFor and Rng Exp Sta Portland Ore 3p

Palley Marshall N1959 Board foot volume tables for young growth coashy

stal Redwood California Forestry and ForestProducts No 11 California AgriculturalExpt Station Berkeley California 5p

Wensel Lee C1971 Tree volume equations from measurements taken

with a Barr and Stroud optical dendrometerHilgardia 41(4)55-64

- 24 -

Appendix

CONIFER TREE VOLU~E EQUATIONS

This appendix contains tables of statistical summariesand coefficient estimates of conifer tree volume equationsEach table has six equation summaries three board foot andthree cubic foot each accessed by total height merchantableheight or height in 163 foot logs Stump height isassumed to be one foot and board foot volumes are based onScribner scale with a nominal scaling length of 16 feet witha 3 foot trim allowance Top diameters vary with eachtable Table A1 provides a quick reference guide to tablespecifications

(1) Types of Equations

Equations are of two types

a) D-H Diameter-height equationsb) D-H-GF Diameter-height-form class equations

The form of diameter height equations is indicated

in Fortran notation as

v = BO(DB1)(HB2)

which in regular mathematical notation isb b

V = b D 1H 20

Similarly the form class equations are in Fortrannotation

V = BO(DB1)(HB2)(GFBS)

which in standard notation is equivalent to

b b b V = b 0D 1H 2GF 3

- 25 shy

(2) Exponential Notation

The coefficient estimates are given to 4 signishyficant digits in exponential notation As examples

5639E-03 = 5639x10-3 = 0005639

25639E+02= 5639x10 = 5639

(3) Standard Deviations

a) Logarithmic (LN UNITS) - Standard deviations ofresiduals are reported in natural logarithmic (baseIe) units

b) Normal Units (PERCENT) - Standard deviations arealso reported as a percentage of predicted volumesThis value is also the coefficient of variation

(4) Adjustment for Logarithmic Bias (LN BIAS)

This value is a multiplicative adjustment usushyally negligable that can be used to correct thevolume equations for any inherent bias resulting from the logarithmic transformations in the equation fitting process

(5) Percent Average Deviation (AVE DEV PERCENT)

This value is the average percent deviation ofactual versus predicted values of the sample used infitting the respective equation

(6) Percent Aggregate Difference (AGG DIFF PERCENT)

This value is the percent difference of thetotal actual volume of sample trees versuspredicted Negative values indicate the equationsare low positive values indicate the equations arehigh

---------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------

- 26 -

Quick Reference

TABLE A1

Guide to Conifer Volume Equations

Table No Species Top

Volume

dLb

to

(inches) Equation Type

1 Redwood 8 2 Redwood 8 3 Redwood 7 4 Redwood 7 5 Redwood 6 6 Redwood 6 7 Redwood 5 8 Redwood 5 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas FirWhitewoods

8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 8

18 Whitewoods 8 19 Whitewoods 7 20 Whitewoods 7 21 Whitewoods 6 22 Whitewoods 6 23 Whitewoods 5 24 Whitewoods 5

D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF

T(jDLE 1 GFDS=vCiLUr-IE T(iEIU~ FOP REDLJDDD TPE ~D--H +++gt1lt++gtltfgtIltgtIlt+lt++ ltltlt1ltgt1lt+++gt1gt1laquo1+ltIlt+-JltgtIlt+lgtflt1ltf lt1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt (lII[LI= 17F EI47

10 FDCT STU~PTD 8D IHCHES TDR DIB

EOUATIDH Y = BOID~Dl) II-1B2) IJII[rE

D=DIAM[T[F DUTSIDE BRPK RT 45 FEI=1

H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE DELDW--

E[IIIRD FOOT yoLUMES--STATISTICRL SUllll(IF

I I 1---- I -- - I I 1 ] ] -- --- --- -----

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I UI UHIT~)I 1REPCEllrr I I I I( FEPCEIIT) IPERCEIIT) 1 I 1 I -- I ---- ------ ------- 1 I -shy --- I I 1 1 1 ] -- ----- -- --

H=TCTIIL- HEICIIT I 2D5 I 2273 I 956 I ID21 I 16018 I 646 I 170E-031026[+01 1197[-+[l1 1 I I 1 I 1 1 1 ] [

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TABLE 3 GROSS ~JLUME n~BLES FOR REDWOOD iF[oD11 gt1ltgt1ltgt1gt1lt gt1lt gt1gt1lt gt1ltgt1 gt1ltfgtIltjlt jlt jlt gt1lt gt1yojgtIlt gt1 gt1lt1ltgt1+ +gt1ltgt1lt y gt1lt gt1lt gt1lt1lt gtlt1lt+ I 1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt gt1++O+gtIlty ~nrJIL[ 11 C

10 FOOT STUMP TIJ 70 IHCHES TOP D IB

EQUATION V = BO(Di~Bl)(HB2) LHIEPE

D=DIn~TER OUTSIDE BnRK nT 45 FEEl H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOArD FOOT VCiLUMES--STnTISTICAL ~ U r-111n F~

I I I I -- - I - I 1 1 1 1 I rnIIDfIPD I ~TIIIIDFIFD I I LJJ I FIE 1 AIC 1 I 1 I

H=TOTRl HEICHT

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DE I ATI 011 I (UJ LHIIT) I

I 204 I

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( RErCEHT)

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TnBLE 7 GrOSS VOLUME TABLES FOr rEDWOOD TITI=II-II ~jIltiltIfIIltlt+AltIltjIltII1Iltjfjlt+V++hgtllt+Ijlt+f+j1lt+jltVgtf+fjltj++yengtf FIIHLE IZL 9DO

10 FOOT ~3TlHlr= TO 50] tICHE~3 TOP D I Ei

FeUrn] CHJ = BI] (lHB 1) (HKfB2) IHIErE

D=DIAMETLR OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IH FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BiJHFDFOOT VOLUMES--STHTISTICAL SUIlIlftl] ] 1-------- I I I 1 1 1 11 ~T(jHDIlfD I ~3T(III D FIr]) I I Uj I IIE I AGC I 1 1 ]] ])EI] AT 011 ] DEI AT] ON I RfK2 I B]n~= ] DE I D]FF ] B0 I 81 I 82 ]] (LH UII IT~) 1 ( FEF~CEtIT) I I I (PEfCEIITI I (1r~FIEljT) 1 I I 1] ] I 1 1-------- I -- shy on- - -- 1 ----- I 1 I

H=TOT(1L HEIGHT ] 2H 1 41D I 971 ] 1024 1 16800 ] --2 0~19 ] 1J3 j E - U3 I 0 21 [+0 1 I 1 1[-I U 1 T

] ]------- I -- --_- ] - - -- - ] - - - - ---- I ] [ --1-- I

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H=LOG HE]11-1-1 I 1 ] 1 I I I 12~EHIO] 1694E+0 11 1[516E+0 II] - _- - - -- I I 1 ]----- I 1 ] 1 I

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMFS--STATISTICAL SUr1f1HP(1 --- I 1 - 1 ] I---- ] 1-- ] 1

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I ~TAtmnPD I ~=TntjDnPD ] I UJ I FIiE I Her I I I I

H=TOTAL HEICHT ] 149 I 1609 I 979 1 1 011 I 11 709 I 25 I 903[-C3 I 1792E+0 1 I 121EIIJ 1 I1 1--------- I ] 1-------- I I - I T I

H=11EPCH HE 1CHT I 132 I 141( I 984 I 1009 I 10327 I 2603 I 5[10~JEm021 I596E+fl I 10CE+C11 J1 1---- I I I-- I 1 ] 1 1

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l~BLE 9 cross VOLUME TRBLES FOR DOUGLRS FIR 11 r~1)- H

gtIlt+fgtt-++gtIltjlt+lctfgtjgtjjgtII++++IltffIltIIltf++YIltgtIlt -ltfllllLE~3I L no 10 FOOT Sl~MP TO 80 INCHES TOP D IB

EDURTIDrl 130(IlfgtfD I ) UIB2) IJHEPE

D=DIRM~TER OUTSIDE BRRK AT 45 FEET 11=HE ] CI-Ilshy ] 11 FEET DF~ tILlf1EiEf~~ DI L[lC~=---~=[E BELDLJ--

BorWD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL 3L1f--1rlAR ] 1 1---- I I 1---_----shy 1 1- 1 1 1 I

STANDARD 1 Sl~NDARD 1 DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2

1 LJJ I I B If1S I

rIF DE

I 1IGLi 1 DIFF

I 1 J ] I 80 I 81 1 82 1

I (Ul LlHIr) I (PERCErn) I 1 I (PERCEtIT) 1 (P[PCEtrn II I 1 1 1- I --- -- 1 1- ----shy ) 1 1 1

H=TOTf4L HEIGHT I 154 11670 1 967 1 1012 1 11681 1 -1153 I 1Opound9E-[12 I I 793E+0 II lCU9[+U 1 I 1 1 1shy ] 1 1------ I ----- - - - ---] shy - -I I ---

I-I=IIEFCH I-IEI CHr I ID 1 II 13 1 984 I 1006 1 E213 1 1 29~ilE-O 11 IJ2~IE+O II 11iEICilI1236

1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 --H=LOG I-IEICHT 1 1 1 1 1 I I 79CI2[HII] 1 152(jf~H] 1 1 II7[ICll1

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CLIEIC FOOT VOLUMES--STRTISTICAL ~ U flrl14 P

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H=TOTIL H[IGHT I 13 I 1 14[15 I 971 I 1009 1 9t19 1 - R3C I I [l4l--0I I 703EH] II 1379E+0 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I 1 - 1

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lJJ gt-ltLL -1 = ~ CW

LL ~ CL CTD = ~

--7 - i ~t~ --QC co H - ~~ I H

ij ([ w - T - == -1 W+W sect = shy

---gt ~ - - T - CI LW 7

- -- u 5GG5GC shy-L 7c en -- Q 0--7~ - U~ = C7 w co

w ~ CJ ~D - CL ~- I

- 7 [- shy-1gt - ~ttJ CO~-shy5~ = LL

D II

-- U~ C] o~ L - - --

~ -- ~ -shy~

--- - UJ I --

I~ + - = ~ pgt ~~~_~H~~--~

~

shy D -shy

~ eel gt-lt-- --iL -w I C i

~7 = QC crJW -

w+ - = -- 0~

-1~ W - cCJ7c D-- CO~~~__~H___~ -

- u cshy-i-- ~ cshy-~ Ur co 0 I U ur D _Ho

gGl~ 0 C

en ~

~~~H~__~~

- II QD--Q-- [r cr I - ur ~

I = ~ cshy_H -W-1U~ -

~__HHshy

r-- ishy

~ Uj

lJJ i M

- I w

- Uf= LL IUjD DIi- - -1 n II r r r

-~-~-~-~~

i-

-

--

iJJ -

-~~~-~~~

i - - i- - 3

c WW = =

-

- -~_---~~~--~ ---~~

h -- -

u~ -

=

w

--

u -rshyJJ shy

-~-~~ ~ ~ ~ ~

-

co

i-

Ii) C i

WLL1i

_C

--shy

I D

i

J

- - --J -

in

I-- ~shy~shy

-L-7c

7c L~ ~

c~ = -c ~

lt-lt ~

~~2 U~i C I

LuU

C7 - - i-+~

~ ~

- shy

pishy-- c -

c t-C~ Cc shy -shy

u+lt-shy7c

+shy-

- co

3

LJ

6

shy

=- W co

L

Lc U LJ - LLDtshy

~ -shyfJ

ishy rshy -

ishylt--~W

co -

- -ishy -

~ ishy

uj --Lee J

W D ~i

- tshyi~iiJJ Q f- W = - LL LL D

- - ~

-

- w ---

Q

i LL W J LL U (I-CL- ishy

-U)-- -shy ~~~U~I

fshy ishy Uj---shyIi

ishy ~ ~

-

5

u D 0

C]

fshy-1

-

CL

i

j -1

fshy

~

-

shy

~shy

-

--

J c U - -c co

iT

j

in I

7

C)

~--shy

--

Tshy -~ rshy

- -- -shy i-W

LL

- LL

D co - ~

C LL

CC c-

- - - ~

ishy - CLshyshy f- LlJ - I - L - CL r- LLJ --U~= -

D

--

f

-

~~~-~~~

=6~c- -I fshy ~

e I-- S-C-j--

f~ -

Igt == f-wJ Ui - -

--~~~~

fshy-shy

shy- r-

UJ I

- t= D tshy

I

i

L

L

f II

~

-- -

-

--

~j

~ -- - ~ -- --

-- J -i-shy-

cu = I i -ishy

- -- - - -----gtshy

w ~L -- -- W CI - c D

C=f ~ - ~ ~~ I gt~ -

j- u ~i~ -shy~---shy~ ~

~

- =1 t T rltU ~ ~ lJJ -W --

in in U~ D w ~~ CD CO w C] ~- - J -- ~~ ~

~---~

~shy~--~--~ r~ I C] D [~i Ci iJ ~ D

~ T I + LL J lJJ lJJ LU

- J 0 -- w co Tshy

~ W D Cj CD L cr C]

~il1lJJ

LL lJJ ~--~~

U~ cn - L f- f- Ishy~ ~ lJJ U~ J Cr- - -- T [~ lJJ ~ ~ LL LLi ~ ~ ~ LL LU

D

= 1 ~ LLe ~LL J J ~LL U il 1 I~il CL II -- il~ 1 shy- 7-- in II 1 Q W I C] QilJ

- I l 1 J I i J CL 1e I - I I = ~ I

= I I J I I = I~a~ f-il U~--~~~~~---~~ U~~~~~ I lJJ

n -+ e CD GG J -w

II I- - fshy ~ ~w~t

~- u ~ -wgtw

cr)

L JgtW

LU - -gtWU j - gtLUU crr--~ il U~ II lt= CL i U~ II lt= il

we W I p] (i ~ LU 0) w l- CLI~ r- CL tt s ~ t- II I II

Sf 1

-(I [2tij I-U~~~~

I ~~~~~

I-CI~~~~

= LL I D I

c- - cn u U~ co r- I In ~ ~ ~ il~ z c ~ I G z G D I =~ - shyef= w - CD - A -- ~ ~ ~ Di

3~ - ~~ ~ ~ I i ~ J -D C J I I

C I ~ gt gt I i -- ~~~~~ ~ ~ ~- ~---~-~-shyf- T - ~ f- Ishy

~ - -iI

-- DD

OJh- ~ f-u LL C) shy-- CT

7- L =w lt= I ~ il I il

-~ - I W D

w~~~~-~~~~~~ r--

T ~

QDfshy -- crf-W = lt=I U CO Z~il IIgt W r- r i-WCL U~ lt= ~

~~-~~-~

J 1 z U~Ilt=Dishylil~~ 1 ~I G i- z (1 pjI lt=II gtI z ~I IIgtZII-LU I cn lt= -

I

Ishyr fJ -- ishy

lJJ LJ r

-shyI I- D iJ D I- L- II II II

r r r

~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~

~

~

-

LlJ I

--

~ ~ shy H

~

-~ ~

-- H c--shy

c-

shy -~ ~ ~~ -~~~~ HH~iHH_~~

+

i --

C i cr

- i

~~~~shy -~ ~ H

- 0~

-= C- LL w Lj

c -

0 0

CTi

lt-f ILshy

~ shy

LL W

-

G -10

-shy

- - - iT

w~ j iLL LL n cr

= -S2

LL = shyi

LL ~

- I - 2

u~ +

~2shy

-LL LL

~

L

DCP LL CC rshy

~

C--2W I H

HH~_~_~shy

(C LJ i~i

un U~ c ~- H

LL+W G

- U~ Cj - -shy ~ - C ~ r~i

L ~~ = shy - ~ ~ -~ u l--

LlJ - - W

w r 9i

---CL

- --li

-1+ 22J~~ ~~~~~

- - shygt + C shy -

~ - -- - -

- -

i- ~ -shy -shy

CL ~ J gt

--3 7-

J ~shy ~~~~~ - -shy --

-shy

c D -

+LL ~+

~ ~ -

f-LL I 2

~j c

i

D-

C C JW = ~c

~ ~ LL c ---~ - r- cc - -

~~~_H~~H

- - ~

r--LLL u -shy -

~~~~~~~

QS~-

Ci shy

-- U - +

J ---

LL-1 ~ A -

fshy -shy

- -LlJ -

shy~

J

I u jshy -i- ishy

u II

D

- ~ ~ - shy~~~--

-~lJJ w

- - C

-- - cj

~~ ~ ~ ~ shy

~ +LL uJ -shy

-- OJ shy

~ ~

~~~-~ ~--~--C2

ilJ LiJ lJJ-G rshyiei-

lJJ OJ CO -

OJ u~ cr

- - i-- -shyiJ7ishy ~ ~ ~ ~

-

-C- if-i fshy

~ lJJcn ~ co

L7 CJiJLiJ - l iJ lJJlJJ tJ

LLJ~ ~- CJ -- -J - 15 iJU

IS - Q~T ~ c - C =wshy -C- --- w - - -- U~

~ gt- = - IT - shy- - shy~ -

i- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ iI ~ iJf- C] i

ii ~ ii u JI iJ7i-LiJ ~ ~ - r- i II - ~ - - gt- i f~ -

-

G -~ i-

f- ~ lJJuJ f- ~~(J -

c

wi- f-~ c C) IS Q iI Q Q

lJJD LiJ i

OJ - gt- fshyT~ ~ ~f- I

_~i lJJ= In ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ r- -- cn~~~~~ U~~~~

- iJ

-~ V c- - cr - I

--C~ ~ ----

C] = I

w gt- G e J-IS f- gt- OJ G~ cc - - ~

- -

-i

-~~~~shy~LiJ~ef- gtshy

-7-0 f- -- j -i -- uJ Ci]

ilS ec ~ c

~f-

7- --i - -

LJJ - -- Q ~

lJJ IS

Gcc ~~-~shyf-

f- -[L ~

[shy~ -

3c~-

-- gt- j

-~ -

Q ISshyiJ~ ~

i-- r- -- Cf

Q = =-IS-gtshy

~ shy

f- fshy

--shyu

w lJJ

-J -- --

r- ~- shy

F -d J

IiI

----~_r-~shy~ - - i = I i C i

-- [

-

D ~i~- shy

- ~- r- r-shy ~ shy - ~ ~ shy - -~ ~ - ~

--- ~

-

=shy- - W

shy ishy

r

~-~-shy ----~ ~ --

shy

Cj

SJ +

W shycr CT i- -- -

~

0 D -Lu

~--~~-shy-

J

- ~shy

[shy

W C -- r-

-In cr u cI

Lu W D [ Cj C co U

----

-~----

LL

L1 u -

= ~ QJ

LU U~ U ) LL = cshy

-

)LLW) LL ~

~ - -Q

shycr r~

J C shy-

Q

~ ~ - ~ LL CC r-

LL u

wi LL -

shyf-2W un --shy

-

---i

j C[ WI -~-LL LL

- - --~

W+ =shy W

-

T-

- U~

Q-W J ~ shy~ cshy

~G~- LL LL

-cshy 5~= I

fshy-shy

-CL

c co shy

] U~

U~_---------shy 2

Ck =CT

c -

- ~ rshy rshy

~Gamp

f = -

0-

~

c c

- -----------~ W ) LL

- -- +

shy-shy

cshy

shy

= W - ~ W-

LL

~ -shy _LL ~ -

- Cj

shy ~

J---~ ~-shy--

c T

crCC

shy - -Qshy

shy - shy - - v

CCD

= =~=LL LL

shy

~--~--~-~-shy== C~

- = cshy~shy

Cj

D [-

LL gt1- c shy ~

shy L - U shy shy -~ --

I-shy cshy-CJ -

Lu I

)U I

Lu-- -U iL 1

f-LlJ

- iitI

I-- I

TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

- r~ Cj D CD In [c Cj Cj [r ~ Cj Cj -

c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

oJ ltj

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co fc Cj C In C]

J I

f

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c Cj-

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~j

[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

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L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

C]s CO Lt j ~

- C -

C] -

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C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

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LLi

shy

uJ

J

fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

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cr fr

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=7

(j C c] e~

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ishy D j

1(1- u~ [r

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I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

-

C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

fC deg]

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I CO Q

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C Cj Lt ~-- -

CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

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cr co

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D D fshy f f= ~ ~s~

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CCshy fr shy crco

shyr

r U~ co f

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D ~ J U~ CT CO co

= co

f C co f- CD r-

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ill

U-i lCi I

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W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

-

--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

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CI jr

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---- shy --shy -- -shy

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J C 1 --- J- CO DC ID - C1CC]CJ

co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

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fshyn shy

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fshy

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C J) n i= C 7 1) - -j C Cj

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- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

c

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D Cj S~[~~2

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C n i~ j n c r C J j Uc J Cj Cj ~ ~

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c)

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GFI~I~= E[rIPD FCiOT OLUIIETIIFI [ [ilIHE [=[111 1 FllOr =TIIIIF TO ~) IIICH TiiF I I II~I file 1(111lt)

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T(ELE Cl DOIJC[(I F IF

[iPCI~CLIFIC I-[lOT lOLUIn rnHIE~LUME rROM 1 FOOT STIJMP TO 5 INCH TOP ( 11131Dr uriiIlt)

DElli ITITn I IlL I GHT (fTr FI (I tICIIE) 2[1 --I] 1[1 50 bO 70 80 9n lGG l1l1 120

----shy

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114 4 11 15 19 ~4 29 34 39 ~t_ 51 -~16 5 3 1 lC n 2~ 35 42 49 ~i6 to

c 0010 6 10 16 LL 55 43 50 ~j9 b 6

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34 16 29 43 f~D 7 96 11 130 161 IB~i ltU9 c 1036 17 - 1 47 65 1 lOb LJ J - 1f 20

C 1 ~12 1 1~5 165 1SJ2 2U3 19 34 131

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- 14 -

F = correction factor for a tree of D inchesD 1

1 15 = average DBH of volume sample trees

b = regression constant computed from the volume sample

2P D - nPD = J J

2D2 - n1521

n = number of sample trees

P = Percent deviation of the jth tree in the J volume sample

D = DBH of the jth tree in the volume sampleJ

If more refined estimates or different confidence levels are desired coefficients of variation derived from Appendix A for each species-volume group can be utilized in conjunction with the famishyliar sample size formula

8 As an example suppose 8 percent accuracy levels were desired at the 95 percent probability level A redwood cubic volume check yielded the followingdata

Total Volumes from Volumes Percent Sample Tree DBH Height Tables Scaled Difference

No (inches) (feet) (cubic feet) (cubic feet) (percent)

1 12 60 14 148 +57 2 12 70 16 17 1 +68 3 12 90 21 228 +48 4 18 90 46 494 +74 5 20 130 82 883 +75 6 22 110 84 917 +92 7 28 100 123 1342 +9 1 8 28 130 160 1755 +97 9 30 120 169 1859 100

10 34 130 234 2604 113 11 36 130 262 2908 110 12 36 140 282 3144 115 13 44 160 477 5380 128 14 44 160 477 5409 134

Averages 2686 +93

- 15 -

In this exampleP = 93 is greater than the 8 per~cent accuracy requirement and may be used to computethe correction factor

F = 1 + 93100 = 1093

There is also a trend in the percentage differencewhich increases with DBH In this case a regresshysion correction factor that varies with DBH will bemore precise The regression coefficient b for

the correction factor FD is computed as1

b = [(57)(12) + (68)(12) + (134)(44) - 14 (93)(2686)][122 + 122 + 442 - 14(2686)2]

= 0227

The correction is then

FD = 1 + (93 + 227 (D- 268))100]i 1

= 1093+00227(D-268)1

For a 44 inch tree the volume estimate from thetable would be adjusted upward by the factor

F44 = 1093+00227(44-268)

= 1132

Adjusted Volume = 1132 x 477 = 540 cubic feet

F Metric Units

Each of the equations presented in this report presumesthat English units are being used In the case where metricunits are used for one or more of the measurements thevolume equations are altered as follows

- 16 -

Measurement Units VolumeDBH Height Desired Conversion(C)

inches feet (feet)-J none

inches feet (meters)shyc3

cm meters (feet)3 (c1-b1)(c2-b2)

cm meters (meters)3(c1-b1) (c2 -b2)c3

Hhere c1 = 254 inchescm

c2 = 03048 ftmeter

c3 = 00283168 m3ft3

b1 b2 = coefficients of the volume equation used

These conversion factors can be used in several HaysFirst if desired measurements of D and H can be converted

using the terms c1 and c2 respectively Alternatively theappropriate composite conversions C can be used to convertthe final volume Desired volume is obtained by multiplyingthe calculated volume from the volume equation times theappropriate conversion factor above

VI CONIFER TAPER MODELS

Taper models estimate diameter inside bark at variousheights on tree boles when only DBH and some measure of treeheight are observed Taper models are used for two princishyple purposes

1 Estimation of the dimensions of upper stem portionsfor defect adjustment in cruising

2 Estimation of the log size mix potentially availablefrom standing trees

A Model Criteria

Taper models are conventionally required to haveseveral properties

1 If total height is an access variable the modelshould predict a diameter inside bark of a at thetree tip Similarly if merchantable height is usedthe equation should predict the top merchantableinside bark diameter at the merchantable height

- 17 shy

2 Predictions of stump or hreast high diameters shouldequal actual measurements at these points Whilethese values are not conventionally recorded in thefield the taper model should be structured sopredicted inside bark diameters can be forcedthrough logical values of these points if necessary

3 Predictions derived from these equations should bealways positive always decrease with increases inbole height and be relatively unbiased at variouspoints on the tree bole

B ~odel Development

Experimentation with several possible functional formsled to the following model which is based on the modifiedinverse of a general sigmoidal equation This model was found form

to satisfy the previous criteria and has the general

d = c D - Df ln[1-Rc1

(1-exp(c f1 - d ~f )))J1 0 1 ~ 0 m~ 1

Where

di = dib in inches at a point lilon the tree bole

D = DBH

h = height in feet from ground to a point i on the tree1 bole

H = general measure of tree height in feet

R = (h-1)(H-1)1

d = merchantable top diameter inside bark correspondingm to the point where h1 = H

f1 = c2 + c3D + c4H

c1 = parameters estimated by regression methods

This model is conditioned so that the predicted diameshyter inside bark will equal a when h = H If H is totalheight d is 0 and the predicted diameter will be a at thetree tip~ Similarly if H is the height to a merchantabletop of say 50 inches d is 50 inches and the predictionwill be conditioned to mpredict 50 inches dib when hi =H

Six taper equations were developed with H being definedas height from the ground to an 85 and C inch (tree tip)

- 18 shy

top dib for redwood and Douglas fir The models werefitted by nonlinear least squares Two to three samplepoints on suitable trees used in the previously desoribedvolume analysis were randomly chosen for equation fittingCoefficient estimates and a statistical summary are shown inTable 7

C Podel Interpretation and Discussion

The coefficient c is interpreted as the ratio ofdib at a 10 foot ~tump to DBH The fitted coefficientswere almost numerically equal to simple ratio estimatorsbased on the same data set so constraining the model was not

considered necessary The term f1 for the taper modelswere chosen after considerable experimentation in attemptsto account for general differences in taper between trees indifferent diameter and height classes Table 8 gives avershyage bias (average difference between actual and predictedvalues) by relative height for all six taper equations Ingeneral these biases are small and quite acceptable for thegeneral level of precision usually required in estimatingupper bole diameters

Table 7

Taper Podel Coefficients and Statistical Summary

REmJOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Merchantable Tops

00 50 80 00 50 80

c 955 956 955 1008 1016 1 0240

387 346 326 415 320 276c1

-362 -247 -211 -275 -169 -142c2

-00581 -00666 -00542 -00770 -00539 -00364c3

00122 00116 000847 000640 000178 000108c4

R2 902 962 967 974 978 975

S 128 119 114 97 81 82yx

SampleCJlze 1238 1217 1164 671 631 574

--

- 19 -

Table 8

Bias of conifer taper equations at various pointon the sample tree boles

REDWOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Equation top diameter Equation top diameter

00 50 80 00 50 80

Bias in Inches

Stump 13 01 -03 22 10 03

DBH -16 01 09 - 15 -03 05

-22 -20 -22 -20 -10 -10h17

30 17 03 25 07 10h33

30 -04 07 35 17 05h5

-06 -03 08 1 1 - 14 -00h67

-34 06 26 -54 -04 00hS5

top 00 00 00 00 00 00

h xx refers to a bole height equal to xx of total height

Positive table values indicate predictions are low

VII VOLUME EQUATION VERSUS TAPER BASED VOLUME ESTIMATES

The coefficients in Appendix A can be used to estimategross volume directly in standing trees The taper equashytions can also be used to obtain indirect estimates of grossvolume Essentially the taper equation is used to estimateinside bark diameters at the places on the tree bole whereit is to be bucked into lengths These lengths are thenscaled using predicted inside bark diameters and summed toestimate total volume Mathematical integration of thetaper function is impossible so this numerical technique isrequired

It should be emphasized that the taper equations weredeveloped to predict inside bark bole diameters not tree

- 20 shy

volume Hence their adequacy in volume estimation cannotbe judged by conventional statistics Regardless the folshylowing ad hoc comparisons were made

A Comparisons

Diameters total heights and scaled cubic volumes to afive inch top of the trees used in the taper analysis wereutilized for comparative purposes The coefficients fromthe appropriate total height-DEH cubic volume equation wereused to directly predict volumes to a five inch top forthese trees The total height taper equations (H isdefined as total height) have the greatest standard deviashytions and range in bias Consequently they were used forcomparative purposes as a measure of the worst that could bedone using taper equations to obtain volume estimatesThese taper equations were used to predict inside bark diamshyeters at one foot intervals on each tree from the stump to afive inch top Smalians formula was then used to computevolume of each segment which were then summed to give anindirect estimate of cubic volume The following statisticswere then computed for both redwood and Douglas fir

1 Aggregate percentage difference

2 Average percentage difference

3 Root mean square percent deviation (RMSPD) computedas

1

RMSPD = (Z((y - y)y)2n)21 1 1

where

y = volume estimated b~hvolume equation or taper 1 equation for the i sample tree

y1 = actual scaled volume of the ith sample tree

n = number of sample trees

These values are shown in Table 9 and are essentially a measure of how close predicted volumes are to actual scaled tree volumes used in the basic analysis As indicators of lack of bias average and aggregate percent differences should be close to zero The RMSPD value is essentially an approximation to the standard deviation expressed as a pershycent Comparisons of these values for the taper equation with those of the volume equation provides a measure of relative efficiency Judging from table 9 there appears to be no bias in volume prediction from the taper equations

- 21 shy

and RMSPD values are almost identical

Table 9

Comparative statistics for judging differences between volume equation and taper equation based volume estimates

Redwood Douglas fir

Average Aggregate RMSPD Average Aggregate RMSPD difference difference difference difference

---per cent---

Volume -8 8 153 1 -12 11 5 equation

Taper -2 19 15 1 2 11 112 equation

Positive percent differences indicate that the estimators are low compared to actual volumes

To provide a measure of relative compatability between volume equations and taper-based volume estimates ratios of estimates produced by both methods are shown for diameter and height classes of trees used in the taper analysis in tables 10 and 11 Except at the edges of the data set there is remarkable agreement between the estimators considshyering no attempt was made to condition the taper equations

B Evaluation

In the course of this taper analysis several items were noted which are possible areas for refinement

1 The taper equations are overall slightly low judging by the aggregate difference This is probshyably due to estimating dib rather than dib squared which is proportional to volume It is well known that the squared average of a sample is less than the average squared value unless all of the diameters are the same

2 The rather simple expression of the term f in the equation may not be totally adequate for describing taper differences between trees of different DBH and height

--

- 22 shy

3 The increases with height in the ratios of volume equations to taper based estimates is largely due tothe data set being used No significant trendsindicating a lack of fit were detected in a comparishyson of both volume equations and taper estimateswith actual scaled volumes For Douglas fir thedifference is more pronounced and apparently due toa small and somewhat lopsided distribution of thesample trees

We encourage the cooperators to review these taperequations prior to final publication

In summary volume equations produce simple and effishycient estimates of gro~s tree volume However taper equashytions can be used to produce similar estimates although theyare somewhat cumbersome Taper equations are necessary whenvolumes by logs in individual trees are desired

VIII VOLUME TABLES

While the volume equations presented rere are very useshyful for incorporation into inventory analysis programs many foresters will want some of these volume equations turned into table form The combinationsof speciesgroups (3) equation types (2) measurement units (3) and top diameters (4) would require 72 individual volume tables Wben one considers the possible range of form classes of interest the number of possible tables is even more formidable Since any individual would only be interested in a few of these tables no attempt is being made to publish all ofthese tables

However in Appendix C 50 inch merchantable top boardfoot cubic foot and cubic meter tables are given for eachof the two species Redwood and Douglas fir by DBH andtotal height A listing of the computer program used toproduce these tables is available from the authors

TABLE 10 Redwood -- Rat~os of volume equationto taper based estima s of cubic volume froma 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH andHeight classes of trees used in taper analysis

I D8H I

I I 1[I 20 30 -10 50 lr3

TOTAL HEI GHT

70 80 9~3

(FEET)

100 110 120 1313 140 150 160 1E1 1813 190 200

101 12 I I [ 16 I

109 102

97 105 107 101 101

1( 97

108 103

99

112 106 1 D3 103 1 1211 101

107 103 1 [11

102 1 ~j1 1 [10 1 DE1

11 I

1] I

2gt I 24 I i6 I

94

9)

1(

96

99 100

9 99

~H 99

97 93

97 99

100 100 100 99 1 [113 1[10 100 9~1 98

99 100 100 99 99

99 1 O~J 1 (10 1 CH] 99

99 100 100 100 11]0

S18

97

9B

99 9E1

96

97 97

94

2 I 30 I 32 I 34 I 31 I

9B 99

IDO 100

113D 100 1 Em 101 1 cn 1 [11 101 1~j2

1 (C

1 [11 1 [11 101 101 102 102 11212 103 103 103

100 101 102 102 103

100 100 1 I] 1 102 103

SI9 SIE

10D ~)9 1 [11 1 [1[1 101101 102 102

97

98

99 97

1 [I1

E I 40 I Q I 44 I ill I

1 05

106

1 04 1 04 1 03

106 1 07

105 106 106

1 O 1 pound11 1 03 103 104 104

1 r~16

1 00 101 101 1D4 1 D5

4 i[I 32 I 56

I ] ] I I

108 1 Ot

1[17

110 106

5= I 60 I

TABLE 11 Douglas fir Ratios of volume equation to taper based estimates of cubic volume from a 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH and Height classes of trees used in taper analysis

--

I DEH I

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60 7t3

TlJTRL HE IcHT

BO 90

(FEET)

100 110 120

-----------------------------------------------

130 140 150 160 170 181] 196 2130

1j I 12 I 11 I 11 I

86 95 99

n 99 95 92

99

94

1 04 102

97

106 103 1DO

105 1 D1

1 me 103 106

13 I 20 I 2 I 4 I ~C I

9D 93 92 ~30

17 1 00

96 9C

95 97

93 96

93 9)

1 01 1 00

99

9B

97

1 E14 1 05 102 103 101 102 100 1 [12

99 101

104 104 104 1135

1 04

1 1217

106 106

I 30 I 3 I 3[ I C I

-deg 94 97

99 1 00 1 00

99 100

1 04 102 1 I) 1 ll4 101 102

1 0~5 1 06 1 04 1 (16 11215 104 106

1 139 1m

3 I lD I 4 I 44 I 4C I

1 EJ3 104

104

106

4 I 5U I 52 I ~l I 1 I

1 07

5 T CO I

- 23 -

Literature Cited

Akima Hiroshi 1970 A new method of interpolation and smooth curve

fitting based on local procedures ESSA Research Laboratories Boulder Colorado

Baskerville GL1972 Use of logarithmic regression in the estimation

of plant biomass Can J For Res 2(1)49shy53

Bruce Donald Schumacher Francis Y1950 Forest mensuration 3ded xvii 483p

Johnson Floyd A1966 Bark factors for Douglas fir USDA Forest

Servo Res Paper PNW - 34 Pacific NorthwestFor and Rng Exp Sta Portland Ore 3p

Palley Marshall N1959 Board foot volume tables for young growth coashy

stal Redwood California Forestry and ForestProducts No 11 California AgriculturalExpt Station Berkeley California 5p

Wensel Lee C1971 Tree volume equations from measurements taken

with a Barr and Stroud optical dendrometerHilgardia 41(4)55-64

- 24 -

Appendix

CONIFER TREE VOLU~E EQUATIONS

This appendix contains tables of statistical summariesand coefficient estimates of conifer tree volume equationsEach table has six equation summaries three board foot andthree cubic foot each accessed by total height merchantableheight or height in 163 foot logs Stump height isassumed to be one foot and board foot volumes are based onScribner scale with a nominal scaling length of 16 feet witha 3 foot trim allowance Top diameters vary with eachtable Table A1 provides a quick reference guide to tablespecifications

(1) Types of Equations

Equations are of two types

a) D-H Diameter-height equationsb) D-H-GF Diameter-height-form class equations

The form of diameter height equations is indicated

in Fortran notation as

v = BO(DB1)(HB2)

which in regular mathematical notation isb b

V = b D 1H 20

Similarly the form class equations are in Fortrannotation

V = BO(DB1)(HB2)(GFBS)

which in standard notation is equivalent to

b b b V = b 0D 1H 2GF 3

- 25 shy

(2) Exponential Notation

The coefficient estimates are given to 4 signishyficant digits in exponential notation As examples

5639E-03 = 5639x10-3 = 0005639

25639E+02= 5639x10 = 5639

(3) Standard Deviations

a) Logarithmic (LN UNITS) - Standard deviations ofresiduals are reported in natural logarithmic (baseIe) units

b) Normal Units (PERCENT) - Standard deviations arealso reported as a percentage of predicted volumesThis value is also the coefficient of variation

(4) Adjustment for Logarithmic Bias (LN BIAS)

This value is a multiplicative adjustment usushyally negligable that can be used to correct thevolume equations for any inherent bias resulting from the logarithmic transformations in the equation fitting process

(5) Percent Average Deviation (AVE DEV PERCENT)

This value is the average percent deviation ofactual versus predicted values of the sample used infitting the respective equation

(6) Percent Aggregate Difference (AGG DIFF PERCENT)

This value is the percent difference of thetotal actual volume of sample trees versuspredicted Negative values indicate the equationsare low positive values indicate the equations arehigh

---------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------

- 26 -

Quick Reference

TABLE A1

Guide to Conifer Volume Equations

Table No Species Top

Volume

dLb

to

(inches) Equation Type

1 Redwood 8 2 Redwood 8 3 Redwood 7 4 Redwood 7 5 Redwood 6 6 Redwood 6 7 Redwood 5 8 Redwood 5 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas FirWhitewoods

8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 8

18 Whitewoods 8 19 Whitewoods 7 20 Whitewoods 7 21 Whitewoods 6 22 Whitewoods 6 23 Whitewoods 5 24 Whitewoods 5

D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF

T(jDLE 1 GFDS=vCiLUr-IE T(iEIU~ FOP REDLJDDD TPE ~D--H +++gt1lt++gtltfgtIltgtIlt+lt++ ltltlt1ltgt1lt+++gt1gt1laquo1+ltIlt+-JltgtIlt+lgtflt1ltf lt1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt (lII[LI= 17F EI47

10 FDCT STU~PTD 8D IHCHES TDR DIB

EOUATIDH Y = BOID~Dl) II-1B2) IJII[rE

D=DIAM[T[F DUTSIDE BRPK RT 45 FEI=1

H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE DELDW--

E[IIIRD FOOT yoLUMES--STATISTICRL SUllll(IF

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H=TOTHL IH_cICHT I 17D I 1E IE I 963 ] 10]4 I 13200 I CS ] 1 41 I-- (j 1 12 lJ r+[i 1 I 1 [I lltJ 1 [

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TABLE 3 GROSS ~JLUME n~BLES FOR REDWOOD iF[oD11 gt1ltgt1ltgt1gt1lt gt1lt gt1gt1lt gt1ltgt1 gt1ltfgtIltjlt jlt jlt gt1lt gt1yojgtIlt gt1 gt1lt1ltgt1+ +gt1ltgt1lt y gt1lt gt1lt gt1lt1lt gtlt1lt+ I 1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt gt1++O+gtIlty ~nrJIL[ 11 C

10 FOOT STUMP TIJ 70 IHCHES TOP D IB

EQUATION V = BO(Di~Bl)(HB2) LHIEPE

D=DIn~TER OUTSIDE BnRK nT 45 FEEl H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOArD FOOT VCiLUMES--STnTISTICAL ~ U r-111n F~

I I I I -- - I - I 1 1 1 1 I rnIIDfIPD I ~TIIIIDFIFD I I LJJ I FIE 1 AIC 1 I 1 I

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DE I ATI 011 I (UJ LHIIT) I

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( RErCEHT)

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TnBLE 7 GrOSS VOLUME TABLES FOr rEDWOOD TITI=II-II ~jIltiltIfIIltlt+AltIltjIltII1Iltjfjlt+V++hgtllt+Ijlt+f+j1lt+jltVgtf+fjltj++yengtf FIIHLE IZL 9DO

10 FOOT ~3TlHlr= TO 50] tICHE~3 TOP D I Ei

FeUrn] CHJ = BI] (lHB 1) (HKfB2) IHIErE

D=DIAMETLR OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IH FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BiJHFDFOOT VOLUMES--STHTISTICAL SUIlIlftl] ] 1-------- I I I 1 1 1 11 ~T(jHDIlfD I ~3T(III D FIr]) I I Uj I IIE I AGC I 1 1 ]] ])EI] AT 011 ] DEI AT] ON I RfK2 I B]n~= ] DE I D]FF ] B0 I 81 I 82 ]] (LH UII IT~) 1 ( FEF~CEtIT) I I I (PEfCEIITI I (1r~FIEljT) 1 I I 1] ] I 1 1-------- I -- shy on- - -- 1 ----- I 1 I

H=TOT(1L HEIGHT ] 2H 1 41D I 971 ] 1024 1 16800 ] --2 0~19 ] 1J3 j E - U3 I 0 21 [+0 1 I 1 1[-I U 1 T

] ]------- I -- --_- ] - - -- - ] - - - - ---- I ] [ --1-- I

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CUBIC FOOT VOLUMFS--STATISTICAL SUr1f1HP(1 --- I 1 - 1 ] I---- ] 1-- ] 1

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I ~TAtmnPD I ~=TntjDnPD ] I UJ I FIiE I Her I I I I

H=TOTAL HEICHT ] 149 I 1609 I 979 1 1 011 I 11 709 I 25 I 903[-C3 I 1792E+0 1 I 121EIIJ 1 I1 1--------- I ] 1-------- I I - I T I

H=11EPCH HE 1CHT I 132 I 141( I 984 I 1009 I 10327 I 2603 I 5[10~JEm021 I596E+fl I 10CE+C11 J1 1---- I I I-- I 1 ] 1 1

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l~BLE 9 cross VOLUME TRBLES FOR DOUGLRS FIR 11 r~1)- H

gtIlt+fgtt-++gtIltjlt+lctfgtjgtjjgtII++++IltffIltIIltf++YIltgtIlt -ltfllllLE~3I L no 10 FOOT Sl~MP TO 80 INCHES TOP D IB

EDURTIDrl 130(IlfgtfD I ) UIB2) IJHEPE

D=DIRM~TER OUTSIDE BRRK AT 45 FEET 11=HE ] CI-Ilshy ] 11 FEET DF~ tILlf1EiEf~~ DI L[lC~=---~=[E BELDLJ--

BorWD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL 3L1f--1rlAR ] 1 1---- I I 1---_----shy 1 1- 1 1 1 I

STANDARD 1 Sl~NDARD 1 DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2

1 LJJ I I B If1S I

rIF DE

I 1IGLi 1 DIFF

I 1 J ] I 80 I 81 1 82 1

I (Ul LlHIr) I (PERCErn) I 1 I (PERCEtIT) 1 (P[PCEtrn II I 1 1 1- I --- -- 1 1- ----shy ) 1 1 1

H=TOTf4L HEIGHT I 154 11670 1 967 1 1012 1 11681 1 -1153 I 1Opound9E-[12 I I 793E+0 II lCU9[+U 1 I 1 1 1shy ] 1 1------ I ----- - - - ---] shy - -I I ---

I-I=IIEFCH I-IEI CHr I ID 1 II 13 1 984 I 1006 1 E213 1 1 29~ilE-O 11 IJ2~IE+O II 11iEICilI1236

1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 --H=LOG I-IEICHT 1 1 1 1 1 I I 79CI2[HII] 1 152(jf~H] 1 1 II7[ICll1

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CLIEIC FOOT VOLUMES--STRTISTICAL ~ U flrl14 P

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H=TOTIL H[IGHT I 13 I 1 14[15 I 971 I 1009 1 9t19 1 - R3C I I [l4l--0I I 703EH] II 1379E+0 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I 1 - 1

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L

Lc U LJ - LLDtshy

~ -shyfJ

ishy rshy -

ishylt--~W

co -

- -ishy -

~ ishy

uj --Lee J

W D ~i

- tshyi~iiJJ Q f- W = - LL LL D

- - ~

-

- w ---

Q

i LL W J LL U (I-CL- ishy

-U)-- -shy ~~~U~I

fshy ishy Uj---shyIi

ishy ~ ~

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5

u D 0

C]

fshy-1

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D

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f

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fshy-shy

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UJ I

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I

i

L

L

f II

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-

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cu = I i -ishy

- -- - - -----gtshy

w ~L -- -- W CI - c D

C=f ~ - ~ ~~ I gt~ -

j- u ~i~ -shy~---shy~ ~

~

- =1 t T rltU ~ ~ lJJ -W --

in in U~ D w ~~ CD CO w C] ~- - J -- ~~ ~

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~shy~--~--~ r~ I C] D [~i Ci iJ ~ D

~ T I + LL J lJJ lJJ LU

- J 0 -- w co Tshy

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LL lJJ ~--~~

U~ cn - L f- f- Ishy~ ~ lJJ U~ J Cr- - -- T [~ lJJ ~ ~ LL LLi ~ ~ ~ LL LU

D

= 1 ~ LLe ~LL J J ~LL U il 1 I~il CL II -- il~ 1 shy- 7-- in II 1 Q W I C] QilJ

- I l 1 J I i J CL 1e I - I I = ~ I

= I I J I I = I~a~ f-il U~--~~~~~---~~ U~~~~~ I lJJ

n -+ e CD GG J -w

II I- - fshy ~ ~w~t

~- u ~ -wgtw

cr)

L JgtW

LU - -gtWU j - gtLUU crr--~ il U~ II lt= CL i U~ II lt= il

we W I p] (i ~ LU 0) w l- CLI~ r- CL tt s ~ t- II I II

Sf 1

-(I [2tij I-U~~~~

I ~~~~~

I-CI~~~~

= LL I D I

c- - cn u U~ co r- I In ~ ~ ~ il~ z c ~ I G z G D I =~ - shyef= w - CD - A -- ~ ~ ~ Di

3~ - ~~ ~ ~ I i ~ J -D C J I I

C I ~ gt gt I i -- ~~~~~ ~ ~ ~- ~---~-~-shyf- T - ~ f- Ishy

~ - -iI

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OJh- ~ f-u LL C) shy-- CT

7- L =w lt= I ~ il I il

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w~~~~-~~~~~~ r--

T ~

QDfshy -- crf-W = lt=I U CO Z~il IIgt W r- r i-WCL U~ lt= ~

~~-~~-~

J 1 z U~Ilt=Dishylil~~ 1 ~I G i- z (1 pjI lt=II gtI z ~I IIgtZII-LU I cn lt= -

I

Ishyr fJ -- ishy

lJJ LJ r

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r r r

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c -

0 0

CTi

lt-f ILshy

~ shy

LL W

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G -10

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= -S2

LL = shyi

LL ~

- I - 2

u~ +

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~

L

DCP LL CC rshy

~

C--2W I H

HH~_~_~shy

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un U~ c ~- H

LL+W G

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L ~~ = shy - ~ ~ -~ u l--

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~ - -- - -

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CL ~ J gt

--3 7-

J ~shy ~~~~~ - -shy --

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c D -

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f-LL I 2

~j c

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D-

C C JW = ~c

~ ~ LL c ---~ - r- cc - -

~~~_H~~H

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r--LLL u -shy -

~~~~~~~

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Ci shy

-- U - +

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LL-1 ~ A -

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lJJ OJ CO -

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-

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~ lJJcn ~ co

L7 CJiJLiJ - l iJ lJJlJJ tJ

LLJ~ ~- CJ -- -J - 15 iJU

IS - Q~T ~ c - C =wshy -C- --- w - - -- U~

~ gt- = - IT - shy- - shy~ -

i- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ iI ~ iJf- C] i

ii ~ ii u JI iJ7i-LiJ ~ ~ - r- i II - ~ - - gt- i f~ -

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G -~ i-

f- ~ lJJuJ f- ~~(J -

c

wi- f-~ c C) IS Q iI Q Q

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w gt- G e J-IS f- gt- OJ G~ cc - - ~

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Gcc ~~-~shyf-

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F -d J

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----~_r-~shy~ - - i = I i C i

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-

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--- ~

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r

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Cj

SJ +

W shycr CT i- -- -

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----

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LL

L1 u -

= ~ QJ

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-

)LLW) LL ~

~ - -Q

shycr r~

J C shy-

Q

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LL u

wi LL -

shyf-2W un --shy

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W+ =shy W

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Ck =CT

c -

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f = -

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~

c c

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shy-shy

cshy

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= W - ~ W-

LL

~ -shy _LL ~ -

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J---~ ~-shy--

c T

crCC

shy - -Qshy

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CCD

= =~=LL LL

shy

~--~--~-~-shy== C~

- = cshy~shy

Cj

D [-

LL gt1- c shy ~

shy L - U shy shy -~ --

I-shy cshy-CJ -

Lu I

)U I

Lu-- -U iL 1

f-LlJ

- iitI

I-- I

TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

- r~ Cj D CD In [c Cj Cj [r ~ Cj Cj -

c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

oJ ltj

C]D D ~~-

co fc Cj C In C]

J I

f

)f~ -

c Cj-

c Cj fr

~j

[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

~J CO (I flt - Cj-

L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

C]s CO Lt j ~

- C -

C] -

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)-~ COD

C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

LL lt

LLi

shy

uJ

J

fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

- In fshy

- i--

cr fr

~ 7 s

=7

(j C c] e~

J - D In

ishy D j

1(1- u~ [r

- ~

I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

-

C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

fC deg]

-

I CO Q

~~gt-i~

C Cj Lt ~-- -

CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

is iJ Cj

- iJ co

CQ f

~ (T- c

cr co

CQ CQ

-co-

flt1 co

D D fshy f f= ~ ~s~

- - CJ-CQm r CO

U is)i-

- f COCO

CCshy fr shy crco

shyr

r U~ co f

u

eCi ltI

l5 =J D

D iD

S) in-

In1- ~ f)

CD co CD co OJ

J - co in co f

S) D cr -Jco co CO r shy

-0 CCm J fshy r- m fshy

coco

U ~ u

In lC U

J u

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S)f~1

Q C]

co 0 CO co

In rJ cow

In co

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~~ ~~ ~6 ~j gg

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1 = CD co

-D mm

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CTi -J ~ shy f- r- D

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~

D ~ J U~ CT CO co

= co

f C co f- CD r-

D CD

co r-

Cj r-

I ill

f-W W LL

G) IS)

D G-f u f

- 0 cr- 0 r lL

D fshy

ill

U-i lCi I

J u

~ i D u

W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

-

--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

ill u fshy

-

CI jr

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J (j

c

---- shy --shy -- -shy

-ill

J C 1 --- J- CO DC ID - C1CC]CJ

co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

- T ~ ~-g

0 -0 03

W

B lJ~IV f-

Q LiJ D ~I -shy=rI CO UJ A

LLA DZ

I (FQf-WI

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w c lLi -J OJ Ifshy

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rshy~ ~

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I ill A

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Q I]

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CO

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r~

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fshyr 11

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r~ 7shy0) CO cb

pJ CD

LJ ~

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co q c CO CO CO r- fshy

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fshyill LJ

IS) i~

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en D C- CO m

J

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0 = - GI rshy

fi fJ

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l1J r 3)

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In fshy

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~

fshyn shy

r~1c CO [I

Cj -

LJ u ~ -shy

5 cIn

S) m

fshy

rshy

CT

D In 0 In fshy 1)

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co - is) ~

ill D iD -1 CO Jshyf- D

r~

C) fj

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C J) n i= C 7 1) - -j C Cj

g

-CO

f~1 OJ

CO

f-CD

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lr) r~1 fshy -

In f

CO Ii)

pJ CO

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C

c C (j ID co 13)f~ ~ f ~ ~~G~A~ U~DCj f~i r~1 f~ i~

- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

c

csshyOJ C

D Cj S~[~~2

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~-

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m j) j) co D CCIF - - ( Cj ~H~~f ~ ~

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c jC cn ~ 1

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cr

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c

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C 1) ] Jr CC

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C n i~ j n c r C J j Uc J Cj Cj ~ ~

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C -1UCIS) ~ r~ 1 If) r c= Z9fDJ ~~~~~ 4f~~~

i lic

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r ue UC lic in - In r co

T 1 shy co D ~~ J) r C

J J) ) IDshypj J lii r

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in lic D co - wi cr J Cj CJ

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JC c 1 T = Cj- CCj

c)

~ 0 CJ

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shy

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= =

~ -

1)- 1)- JCj~

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Cj f - 8 Z C

T D ~ C T

~

C

-- - D

cr ~ Cj --Cj C C] CO Lc r ~ t

CJ c Uc wc D~= ~~ 3 j ~ ~

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LL

U I j ltS ~ ----

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() c = LJ ~

ccshyJ

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---1

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c

j~

s C

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1 in rcn-

CJ 1 1 U

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D CJC ~ c D r

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u

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TI~EIE Ceo FEDtjCiOn

GFI~I~= E[rIPD FCiOT OLUIIETIIFI [ [ilIHE [=[111 1 FllOr =TIIIIF TO ~) IIICH TiiF I I II~I file 1(111lt)

lJDH TOHiL H[ IGlnlFEETJ ~C1I11ICIIF3) 30 40 [1 60 70 80 gO 100 llC1 10 131] 14C) 150 16U 170 10 130 110

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r14 (oo 17 J )3 111 9 IDD 14 1401 177 07 23] 273 I] 3lri 3( 4 Ii 1 ) Ie 00lt 7Co e 16 11 23 57 deg 103 1 1 162 196 --- 271 313 -- 404 454 iOI itiO tj]7 li76

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3f - 117 ISJ6 293 lor53) 67 =38 1012 1200 14CJ2 161 It)W U91 2346 ~Gl~) 23=J 3191 11 C) - 70)

) 63 131 219 43 597 -0 S35 I1d9 1339 1565 1131]6 2U62 2333 2618 2918 3232 3560 3902

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7~iI) 111 -c =0 111 1[Ill] 1 1 1131 1~JC~I 05 72 119 ~5~j~ 4111i ~IC~ 111 11 CII -

- - C - n -

--

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-

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[shyshy

shyn--

shy-C

shy-shy

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ni CJ - ~ c~ ~ fshy n shy -

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D n -- - =

shy shyshy ~ cJ gt ~ n Ln J~ -D fshy ishy

c~ tU

w J - -~

C fJ i j) - -+

D shy

fJ CO J) D U~ shy

shyshy

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J =

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nshy

J-- -1 - - c c J fj ~j CJ ~ 7 T U u) C -

u J n T

shyc- f shy - CJ u~ -- ~ - CC CJ

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--+ ~f- Cfshy

co ~ - 1 C CJ - ~ i 1

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CJ ~1 ~ t- C 0 -~~~-

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-4

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T(ELE Cl DOIJC[(I F IF

[iPCI~CLIFIC I-[lOT lOLUIn rnHIE~LUME rROM 1 FOOT STIJMP TO 5 INCH TOP ( 11131Dr uriiIlt)

DElli ITITn I IlL I GHT (fTr FI (I tICIIE) 2[1 --I] 1[1 50 bO 70 80 9n lGG l1l1 120

----shy

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114 4 11 15 19 ~4 29 34 39 ~t_ 51 -~16 5 3 1 lC n 2~ 35 42 49 ~i6 to

c 0010 6 10 16 LL 55 43 50 ~j9 b 6

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30 1 -s c 11 63 3 Sj6 11 12 151 171 nn3~ 14 26 ~ 54 70 106 L6 146 163 190

34 16 29 43 f~D 7 96 11 130 161 IB~i ltU9 c 1036 17 - 1 47 65 1 lOb LJ J - 1f 20

C 1 ~12 1 1~5 165 1SJ2 2U3 19 34 131

10 1 j ~f f 1[i iJ 15 1~)] 1) 20 3]--shy1 ~~ 41 co ) 10 ] 3~ U4 1~1 c -~I

44 ~f 4 C~i SID 1 1~ 1lS 16 ki) ~43 0

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i v

U~ ~]

D D CJ

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D CO CJ

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C] - - f- c 0 C1c] f eeshyJ = CJ ~I r

~

= f- = - j) = U D - cr =

fshy~ ]

= 0

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- 15 -

In this exampleP = 93 is greater than the 8 per~cent accuracy requirement and may be used to computethe correction factor

F = 1 + 93100 = 1093

There is also a trend in the percentage differencewhich increases with DBH In this case a regresshysion correction factor that varies with DBH will bemore precise The regression coefficient b for

the correction factor FD is computed as1

b = [(57)(12) + (68)(12) + (134)(44) - 14 (93)(2686)][122 + 122 + 442 - 14(2686)2]

= 0227

The correction is then

FD = 1 + (93 + 227 (D- 268))100]i 1

= 1093+00227(D-268)1

For a 44 inch tree the volume estimate from thetable would be adjusted upward by the factor

F44 = 1093+00227(44-268)

= 1132

Adjusted Volume = 1132 x 477 = 540 cubic feet

F Metric Units

Each of the equations presented in this report presumesthat English units are being used In the case where metricunits are used for one or more of the measurements thevolume equations are altered as follows

- 16 -

Measurement Units VolumeDBH Height Desired Conversion(C)

inches feet (feet)-J none

inches feet (meters)shyc3

cm meters (feet)3 (c1-b1)(c2-b2)

cm meters (meters)3(c1-b1) (c2 -b2)c3

Hhere c1 = 254 inchescm

c2 = 03048 ftmeter

c3 = 00283168 m3ft3

b1 b2 = coefficients of the volume equation used

These conversion factors can be used in several HaysFirst if desired measurements of D and H can be converted

using the terms c1 and c2 respectively Alternatively theappropriate composite conversions C can be used to convertthe final volume Desired volume is obtained by multiplyingthe calculated volume from the volume equation times theappropriate conversion factor above

VI CONIFER TAPER MODELS

Taper models estimate diameter inside bark at variousheights on tree boles when only DBH and some measure of treeheight are observed Taper models are used for two princishyple purposes

1 Estimation of the dimensions of upper stem portionsfor defect adjustment in cruising

2 Estimation of the log size mix potentially availablefrom standing trees

A Model Criteria

Taper models are conventionally required to haveseveral properties

1 If total height is an access variable the modelshould predict a diameter inside bark of a at thetree tip Similarly if merchantable height is usedthe equation should predict the top merchantableinside bark diameter at the merchantable height

- 17 shy

2 Predictions of stump or hreast high diameters shouldequal actual measurements at these points Whilethese values are not conventionally recorded in thefield the taper model should be structured sopredicted inside bark diameters can be forcedthrough logical values of these points if necessary

3 Predictions derived from these equations should bealways positive always decrease with increases inbole height and be relatively unbiased at variouspoints on the tree bole

B ~odel Development

Experimentation with several possible functional formsled to the following model which is based on the modifiedinverse of a general sigmoidal equation This model was found form

to satisfy the previous criteria and has the general

d = c D - Df ln[1-Rc1

(1-exp(c f1 - d ~f )))J1 0 1 ~ 0 m~ 1

Where

di = dib in inches at a point lilon the tree bole

D = DBH

h = height in feet from ground to a point i on the tree1 bole

H = general measure of tree height in feet

R = (h-1)(H-1)1

d = merchantable top diameter inside bark correspondingm to the point where h1 = H

f1 = c2 + c3D + c4H

c1 = parameters estimated by regression methods

This model is conditioned so that the predicted diameshyter inside bark will equal a when h = H If H is totalheight d is 0 and the predicted diameter will be a at thetree tip~ Similarly if H is the height to a merchantabletop of say 50 inches d is 50 inches and the predictionwill be conditioned to mpredict 50 inches dib when hi =H

Six taper equations were developed with H being definedas height from the ground to an 85 and C inch (tree tip)

- 18 shy

top dib for redwood and Douglas fir The models werefitted by nonlinear least squares Two to three samplepoints on suitable trees used in the previously desoribedvolume analysis were randomly chosen for equation fittingCoefficient estimates and a statistical summary are shown inTable 7

C Podel Interpretation and Discussion

The coefficient c is interpreted as the ratio ofdib at a 10 foot ~tump to DBH The fitted coefficientswere almost numerically equal to simple ratio estimatorsbased on the same data set so constraining the model was not

considered necessary The term f1 for the taper modelswere chosen after considerable experimentation in attemptsto account for general differences in taper between trees indifferent diameter and height classes Table 8 gives avershyage bias (average difference between actual and predictedvalues) by relative height for all six taper equations Ingeneral these biases are small and quite acceptable for thegeneral level of precision usually required in estimatingupper bole diameters

Table 7

Taper Podel Coefficients and Statistical Summary

REmJOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Merchantable Tops

00 50 80 00 50 80

c 955 956 955 1008 1016 1 0240

387 346 326 415 320 276c1

-362 -247 -211 -275 -169 -142c2

-00581 -00666 -00542 -00770 -00539 -00364c3

00122 00116 000847 000640 000178 000108c4

R2 902 962 967 974 978 975

S 128 119 114 97 81 82yx

SampleCJlze 1238 1217 1164 671 631 574

--

- 19 -

Table 8

Bias of conifer taper equations at various pointon the sample tree boles

REDWOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Equation top diameter Equation top diameter

00 50 80 00 50 80

Bias in Inches

Stump 13 01 -03 22 10 03

DBH -16 01 09 - 15 -03 05

-22 -20 -22 -20 -10 -10h17

30 17 03 25 07 10h33

30 -04 07 35 17 05h5

-06 -03 08 1 1 - 14 -00h67

-34 06 26 -54 -04 00hS5

top 00 00 00 00 00 00

h xx refers to a bole height equal to xx of total height

Positive table values indicate predictions are low

VII VOLUME EQUATION VERSUS TAPER BASED VOLUME ESTIMATES

The coefficients in Appendix A can be used to estimategross volume directly in standing trees The taper equashytions can also be used to obtain indirect estimates of grossvolume Essentially the taper equation is used to estimateinside bark diameters at the places on the tree bole whereit is to be bucked into lengths These lengths are thenscaled using predicted inside bark diameters and summed toestimate total volume Mathematical integration of thetaper function is impossible so this numerical technique isrequired

It should be emphasized that the taper equations weredeveloped to predict inside bark bole diameters not tree

- 20 shy

volume Hence their adequacy in volume estimation cannotbe judged by conventional statistics Regardless the folshylowing ad hoc comparisons were made

A Comparisons

Diameters total heights and scaled cubic volumes to afive inch top of the trees used in the taper analysis wereutilized for comparative purposes The coefficients fromthe appropriate total height-DEH cubic volume equation wereused to directly predict volumes to a five inch top forthese trees The total height taper equations (H isdefined as total height) have the greatest standard deviashytions and range in bias Consequently they were used forcomparative purposes as a measure of the worst that could bedone using taper equations to obtain volume estimatesThese taper equations were used to predict inside bark diamshyeters at one foot intervals on each tree from the stump to afive inch top Smalians formula was then used to computevolume of each segment which were then summed to give anindirect estimate of cubic volume The following statisticswere then computed for both redwood and Douglas fir

1 Aggregate percentage difference

2 Average percentage difference

3 Root mean square percent deviation (RMSPD) computedas

1

RMSPD = (Z((y - y)y)2n)21 1 1

where

y = volume estimated b~hvolume equation or taper 1 equation for the i sample tree

y1 = actual scaled volume of the ith sample tree

n = number of sample trees

These values are shown in Table 9 and are essentially a measure of how close predicted volumes are to actual scaled tree volumes used in the basic analysis As indicators of lack of bias average and aggregate percent differences should be close to zero The RMSPD value is essentially an approximation to the standard deviation expressed as a pershycent Comparisons of these values for the taper equation with those of the volume equation provides a measure of relative efficiency Judging from table 9 there appears to be no bias in volume prediction from the taper equations

- 21 shy

and RMSPD values are almost identical

Table 9

Comparative statistics for judging differences between volume equation and taper equation based volume estimates

Redwood Douglas fir

Average Aggregate RMSPD Average Aggregate RMSPD difference difference difference difference

---per cent---

Volume -8 8 153 1 -12 11 5 equation

Taper -2 19 15 1 2 11 112 equation

Positive percent differences indicate that the estimators are low compared to actual volumes

To provide a measure of relative compatability between volume equations and taper-based volume estimates ratios of estimates produced by both methods are shown for diameter and height classes of trees used in the taper analysis in tables 10 and 11 Except at the edges of the data set there is remarkable agreement between the estimators considshyering no attempt was made to condition the taper equations

B Evaluation

In the course of this taper analysis several items were noted which are possible areas for refinement

1 The taper equations are overall slightly low judging by the aggregate difference This is probshyably due to estimating dib rather than dib squared which is proportional to volume It is well known that the squared average of a sample is less than the average squared value unless all of the diameters are the same

2 The rather simple expression of the term f in the equation may not be totally adequate for describing taper differences between trees of different DBH and height

--

- 22 shy

3 The increases with height in the ratios of volume equations to taper based estimates is largely due tothe data set being used No significant trendsindicating a lack of fit were detected in a comparishyson of both volume equations and taper estimateswith actual scaled volumes For Douglas fir thedifference is more pronounced and apparently due toa small and somewhat lopsided distribution of thesample trees

We encourage the cooperators to review these taperequations prior to final publication

In summary volume equations produce simple and effishycient estimates of gro~s tree volume However taper equashytions can be used to produce similar estimates although theyare somewhat cumbersome Taper equations are necessary whenvolumes by logs in individual trees are desired

VIII VOLUME TABLES

While the volume equations presented rere are very useshyful for incorporation into inventory analysis programs many foresters will want some of these volume equations turned into table form The combinationsof speciesgroups (3) equation types (2) measurement units (3) and top diameters (4) would require 72 individual volume tables Wben one considers the possible range of form classes of interest the number of possible tables is even more formidable Since any individual would only be interested in a few of these tables no attempt is being made to publish all ofthese tables

However in Appendix C 50 inch merchantable top boardfoot cubic foot and cubic meter tables are given for eachof the two species Redwood and Douglas fir by DBH andtotal height A listing of the computer program used toproduce these tables is available from the authors

TABLE 10 Redwood -- Rat~os of volume equationto taper based estima s of cubic volume froma 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH andHeight classes of trees used in taper analysis

I D8H I

I I 1[I 20 30 -10 50 lr3

TOTAL HEI GHT

70 80 9~3

(FEET)

100 110 120 1313 140 150 160 1E1 1813 190 200

101 12 I I [ 16 I

109 102

97 105 107 101 101

1( 97

108 103

99

112 106 1 D3 103 1 1211 101

107 103 1 [11

102 1 ~j1 1 [10 1 DE1

11 I

1] I

2gt I 24 I i6 I

94

9)

1(

96

99 100

9 99

~H 99

97 93

97 99

100 100 100 99 1 [113 1[10 100 9~1 98

99 100 100 99 99

99 1 O~J 1 (10 1 CH] 99

99 100 100 100 11]0

S18

97

9B

99 9E1

96

97 97

94

2 I 30 I 32 I 34 I 31 I

9B 99

IDO 100

113D 100 1 Em 101 1 cn 1 [11 101 1~j2

1 (C

1 [11 1 [11 101 101 102 102 11212 103 103 103

100 101 102 102 103

100 100 1 I] 1 102 103

SI9 SIE

10D ~)9 1 [11 1 [1[1 101101 102 102

97

98

99 97

1 [I1

E I 40 I Q I 44 I ill I

1 05

106

1 04 1 04 1 03

106 1 07

105 106 106

1 O 1 pound11 1 03 103 104 104

1 r~16

1 00 101 101 1D4 1 D5

4 i[I 32 I 56

I ] ] I I

108 1 Ot

1[17

110 106

5= I 60 I

TABLE 11 Douglas fir Ratios of volume equation to taper based estimates of cubic volume from a 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH and Height classes of trees used in taper analysis

--

I DEH I

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60 7t3

TlJTRL HE IcHT

BO 90

(FEET)

100 110 120

-----------------------------------------------

130 140 150 160 170 181] 196 2130

1j I 12 I 11 I 11 I

86 95 99

n 99 95 92

99

94

1 04 102

97

106 103 1DO

105 1 D1

1 me 103 106

13 I 20 I 2 I 4 I ~C I

9D 93 92 ~30

17 1 00

96 9C

95 97

93 96

93 9)

1 01 1 00

99

9B

97

1 E14 1 05 102 103 101 102 100 1 [12

99 101

104 104 104 1135

1 04

1 1217

106 106

I 30 I 3 I 3[ I C I

-deg 94 97

99 1 00 1 00

99 100

1 04 102 1 I) 1 ll4 101 102

1 0~5 1 06 1 04 1 (16 11215 104 106

1 139 1m

3 I lD I 4 I 44 I 4C I

1 EJ3 104

104

106

4 I 5U I 52 I ~l I 1 I

1 07

5 T CO I

- 23 -

Literature Cited

Akima Hiroshi 1970 A new method of interpolation and smooth curve

fitting based on local procedures ESSA Research Laboratories Boulder Colorado

Baskerville GL1972 Use of logarithmic regression in the estimation

of plant biomass Can J For Res 2(1)49shy53

Bruce Donald Schumacher Francis Y1950 Forest mensuration 3ded xvii 483p

Johnson Floyd A1966 Bark factors for Douglas fir USDA Forest

Servo Res Paper PNW - 34 Pacific NorthwestFor and Rng Exp Sta Portland Ore 3p

Palley Marshall N1959 Board foot volume tables for young growth coashy

stal Redwood California Forestry and ForestProducts No 11 California AgriculturalExpt Station Berkeley California 5p

Wensel Lee C1971 Tree volume equations from measurements taken

with a Barr and Stroud optical dendrometerHilgardia 41(4)55-64

- 24 -

Appendix

CONIFER TREE VOLU~E EQUATIONS

This appendix contains tables of statistical summariesand coefficient estimates of conifer tree volume equationsEach table has six equation summaries three board foot andthree cubic foot each accessed by total height merchantableheight or height in 163 foot logs Stump height isassumed to be one foot and board foot volumes are based onScribner scale with a nominal scaling length of 16 feet witha 3 foot trim allowance Top diameters vary with eachtable Table A1 provides a quick reference guide to tablespecifications

(1) Types of Equations

Equations are of two types

a) D-H Diameter-height equationsb) D-H-GF Diameter-height-form class equations

The form of diameter height equations is indicated

in Fortran notation as

v = BO(DB1)(HB2)

which in regular mathematical notation isb b

V = b D 1H 20

Similarly the form class equations are in Fortrannotation

V = BO(DB1)(HB2)(GFBS)

which in standard notation is equivalent to

b b b V = b 0D 1H 2GF 3

- 25 shy

(2) Exponential Notation

The coefficient estimates are given to 4 signishyficant digits in exponential notation As examples

5639E-03 = 5639x10-3 = 0005639

25639E+02= 5639x10 = 5639

(3) Standard Deviations

a) Logarithmic (LN UNITS) - Standard deviations ofresiduals are reported in natural logarithmic (baseIe) units

b) Normal Units (PERCENT) - Standard deviations arealso reported as a percentage of predicted volumesThis value is also the coefficient of variation

(4) Adjustment for Logarithmic Bias (LN BIAS)

This value is a multiplicative adjustment usushyally negligable that can be used to correct thevolume equations for any inherent bias resulting from the logarithmic transformations in the equation fitting process

(5) Percent Average Deviation (AVE DEV PERCENT)

This value is the average percent deviation ofactual versus predicted values of the sample used infitting the respective equation

(6) Percent Aggregate Difference (AGG DIFF PERCENT)

This value is the percent difference of thetotal actual volume of sample trees versuspredicted Negative values indicate the equationsare low positive values indicate the equations arehigh

---------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------

- 26 -

Quick Reference

TABLE A1

Guide to Conifer Volume Equations

Table No Species Top

Volume

dLb

to

(inches) Equation Type

1 Redwood 8 2 Redwood 8 3 Redwood 7 4 Redwood 7 5 Redwood 6 6 Redwood 6 7 Redwood 5 8 Redwood 5 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas FirWhitewoods

8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 8

18 Whitewoods 8 19 Whitewoods 7 20 Whitewoods 7 21 Whitewoods 6 22 Whitewoods 6 23 Whitewoods 5 24 Whitewoods 5

D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF

T(jDLE 1 GFDS=vCiLUr-IE T(iEIU~ FOP REDLJDDD TPE ~D--H +++gt1lt++gtltfgtIltgtIlt+lt++ ltltlt1ltgt1lt+++gt1gt1laquo1+ltIlt+-JltgtIlt+lgtflt1ltf lt1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt (lII[LI= 17F EI47

10 FDCT STU~PTD 8D IHCHES TDR DIB

EOUATIDH Y = BOID~Dl) II-1B2) IJII[rE

D=DIAM[T[F DUTSIDE BRPK RT 45 FEI=1

H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE DELDW--

E[IIIRD FOOT yoLUMES--STATISTICRL SUllll(IF

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TABLE 3 GROSS ~JLUME n~BLES FOR REDWOOD iF[oD11 gt1ltgt1ltgt1gt1lt gt1lt gt1gt1lt gt1ltgt1 gt1ltfgtIltjlt jlt jlt gt1lt gt1yojgtIlt gt1 gt1lt1ltgt1+ +gt1ltgt1lt y gt1lt gt1lt gt1lt1lt gtlt1lt+ I 1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt gt1++O+gtIlty ~nrJIL[ 11 C

10 FOOT STUMP TIJ 70 IHCHES TOP D IB

EQUATION V = BO(Di~Bl)(HB2) LHIEPE

D=DIn~TER OUTSIDE BnRK nT 45 FEEl H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOArD FOOT VCiLUMES--STnTISTICAL ~ U r-111n F~

I I I I -- - I - I 1 1 1 1 I rnIIDfIPD I ~TIIIIDFIFD I I LJJ I FIE 1 AIC 1 I 1 I

H=TOTRl HEICHT

I I I I

DE I ATI 011 I (UJ LHIIT) I

I 204 I

DE I FIl I [111

( RErCEHT)

~2 ( 1

I I I I

PgtI+2

962

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FIn

1021

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DE ( [O[iCEIT)

15825

1 II I FF I (REf~CEIIT) 1----I 261

I DO ] Bl I I ] 1 I -ICJDI--031 Clfl2E+D

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82

1 (2EI-II

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1 1--------I 1012 I 12064 I- - I I I I - - -- - - I --

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CtJD ]C FOOT VOLUMES--STnTISTlcnL ~31J 1III(j P

H=TCiWIL HEICHT

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1761

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I

TnBLE 7 GrOSS VOLUME TABLES FOr rEDWOOD TITI=II-II ~jIltiltIfIIltlt+AltIltjIltII1Iltjfjlt+V++hgtllt+Ijlt+f+j1lt+jltVgtf+fjltj++yengtf FIIHLE IZL 9DO

10 FOOT ~3TlHlr= TO 50] tICHE~3 TOP D I Ei

FeUrn] CHJ = BI] (lHB 1) (HKfB2) IHIErE

D=DIAMETLR OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IH FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BiJHFDFOOT VOLUMES--STHTISTICAL SUIlIlftl] ] 1-------- I I I 1 1 1 11 ~T(jHDIlfD I ~3T(III D FIr]) I I Uj I IIE I AGC I 1 1 ]] ])EI] AT 011 ] DEI AT] ON I RfK2 I B]n~= ] DE I D]FF ] B0 I 81 I 82 ]] (LH UII IT~) 1 ( FEF~CEtIT) I I I (PEfCEIITI I (1r~FIEljT) 1 I I 1] ] I 1 1-------- I -- shy on- - -- 1 ----- I 1 I

H=TOT(1L HEIGHT ] 2H 1 41D I 971 ] 1024 1 16800 ] --2 0~19 ] 1J3 j E - U3 I 0 21 [+0 1 I 1 1[-I U 1 T

] ]------- I -- --_- ] - - -- - ] - - - - ---- I ] [ --1-- I

] I I 1 1----- ] 1 [ 1 ---1H=IIEICHHE] CHT I 1[j I 1849 I 982 ] 1015 I 13243 I 1 -37 I 23[111 -1]2 I HSI4[+O 1 I 1~)16L +U 11

H=LOG HE]11-1-1 I 1 ] 1 I I I 12~EHIO] 1694E+0 11 1[516E+0 II] - _- - - -- I I 1 ]----- I 1 ] 1 I

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMFS--STATISTICAL SUr1f1HP(1 --- I 1 - 1 ] I---- ] 1-- ] 1

1 I)E]I1TIDII I DEIHTIOtl I PI+2 I 13]It3 I DE I DIfF I 80 I Bl ] B +] (LH Utl ITS) I (PEPCEtIT) I I I ( PEPCEIIT) I (PEFCEtH) I ] I ]1 ---------- I I ] -- I I I -- -- ---- I - I J

I ~TAtmnPD I ~=TntjDnPD ] I UJ I FIiE I Her I I I I

H=TOTAL HEICHT ] 149 I 1609 I 979 1 1 011 I 11 709 I 25 I 903[-C3 I 1792E+0 1 I 121EIIJ 1 I1 1--------- I ] 1-------- I I - I T I

H=11EPCH HE 1CHT I 132 I 141( I 984 I 1009 I 10327 I 2603 I 5[10~JEm021 I596E+fl I 10CE+C11 J1 1---- I I I-- I 1 ] 1 1

H=LOG HEI GI-n ] I I I I I I 967CE-01 ]15[+011 1(1(DE+Ol1] ]---- ] 1 ]-- ] ] 1 1 1

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f- 0 -C) D l- = -1 ii Ii ii

r r

l~BLE 9 cross VOLUME TRBLES FOR DOUGLRS FIR 11 r~1)- H

gtIlt+fgtt-++gtIltjlt+lctfgtjgtjjgtII++++IltffIltIIltf++YIltgtIlt -ltfllllLE~3I L no 10 FOOT Sl~MP TO 80 INCHES TOP D IB

EDURTIDrl 130(IlfgtfD I ) UIB2) IJHEPE

D=DIRM~TER OUTSIDE BRRK AT 45 FEET 11=HE ] CI-Ilshy ] 11 FEET DF~ tILlf1EiEf~~ DI L[lC~=---~=[E BELDLJ--

BorWD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL 3L1f--1rlAR ] 1 1---- I I 1---_----shy 1 1- 1 1 1 I

STANDARD 1 Sl~NDARD 1 DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2

1 LJJ I I B If1S I

rIF DE

I 1IGLi 1 DIFF

I 1 J ] I 80 I 81 1 82 1

I (Ul LlHIr) I (PERCErn) I 1 I (PERCEtIT) 1 (P[PCEtrn II I 1 1 1- I --- -- 1 1- ----shy ) 1 1 1

H=TOTf4L HEIGHT I 154 11670 1 967 1 1012 1 11681 1 -1153 I 1Opound9E-[12 I I 793E+0 II lCU9[+U 1 I 1 1 1shy ] 1 1------ I ----- - - - ---] shy - -I I ---

I-I=IIEFCH I-IEI CHr I ID 1 II 13 1 984 I 1006 1 E213 1 1 29~ilE-O 11 IJ2~IE+O II 11iEICilI1236

1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 --H=LOG I-IEICHT 1 1 1 1 1 I I 79CI2[HII] 1 152(jf~H] 1 1 II7[ICll1

1 1 1 1 1 1 I ---- -- - --- I shy - I- - --- - [ ------

CLIEIC FOOT VOLUMES--STRTISTICAL ~ U flrl14 P

1 1 1---shy 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1 J =TmID~IRD I STIIIJDbIPD 1 I Ll1 1 fl[ I AGG 1 ] [ I 1 DElbITIOll I DE 1 biT 1 ON 1 f(++2 I Ellfl~ I DE 1 DlfF I 80 1 81 1 B2 I I (LH lJtjIF) 1 (PERCEIIT) 1 1 1 (PERCEIIT) 1 (PERCENT) 1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] I I - - ---1 - - 1 --_ 1 -- - --- - _shy I ---

H=TOTIL H[IGHT I 13 I 1 14[15 I 971 I 1009 1 9t19 1 - R3C I I [l4l--0I I 703EH] II 1379E+0 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I 1 - 1

1-1=III~fCH HIICIIT 1 D~II 1 ~I 4= 1 986 ] 1004 1 6 7~i 1 91~ ] 121I[-D] IclSE+II] 11111[1111I 1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I ] I I 1201UI+CIIIII47~JE+OII mIIE-I)l] I I I 1 -- -- 1 I - shy _-shy - I ---shy- -- I 1 -shy - I --------- ----- -----

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~~-~~-~

J 1 z U~Ilt=Dishylil~~ 1 ~I G i- z (1 pjI lt=II gtI z ~I IIgtZII-LU I cn lt= -

I

Ishyr fJ -- ishy

lJJ LJ r

-shyI I- D iJ D I- L- II II II

r r r

~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~

~

~

-

LlJ I

--

~ ~ shy H

~

-~ ~

-- H c--shy

c-

shy -~ ~ ~~ -~~~~ HH~iHH_~~

+

i --

C i cr

- i

~~~~shy -~ ~ H

- 0~

-= C- LL w Lj

c -

0 0

CTi

lt-f ILshy

~ shy

LL W

-

G -10

-shy

- - - iT

w~ j iLL LL n cr

= -S2

LL = shyi

LL ~

- I - 2

u~ +

~2shy

-LL LL

~

L

DCP LL CC rshy

~

C--2W I H

HH~_~_~shy

(C LJ i~i

un U~ c ~- H

LL+W G

- U~ Cj - -shy ~ - C ~ r~i

L ~~ = shy - ~ ~ -~ u l--

LlJ - - W

w r 9i

---CL

- --li

-1+ 22J~~ ~~~~~

- - shygt + C shy -

~ - -- - -

- -

i- ~ -shy -shy

CL ~ J gt

--3 7-

J ~shy ~~~~~ - -shy --

-shy

c D -

+LL ~+

~ ~ -

f-LL I 2

~j c

i

D-

C C JW = ~c

~ ~ LL c ---~ - r- cc - -

~~~_H~~H

- - ~

r--LLL u -shy -

~~~~~~~

QS~-

Ci shy

-- U - +

J ---

LL-1 ~ A -

fshy -shy

- -LlJ -

shy~

J

I u jshy -i- ishy

u II

D

- ~ ~ - shy~~~--

-~lJJ w

- - C

-- - cj

~~ ~ ~ ~ shy

~ +LL uJ -shy

-- OJ shy

~ ~

~~~-~ ~--~--C2

ilJ LiJ lJJ-G rshyiei-

lJJ OJ CO -

OJ u~ cr

- - i-- -shyiJ7ishy ~ ~ ~ ~

-

-C- if-i fshy

~ lJJcn ~ co

L7 CJiJLiJ - l iJ lJJlJJ tJ

LLJ~ ~- CJ -- -J - 15 iJU

IS - Q~T ~ c - C =wshy -C- --- w - - -- U~

~ gt- = - IT - shy- - shy~ -

i- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ iI ~ iJf- C] i

ii ~ ii u JI iJ7i-LiJ ~ ~ - r- i II - ~ - - gt- i f~ -

-

G -~ i-

f- ~ lJJuJ f- ~~(J -

c

wi- f-~ c C) IS Q iI Q Q

lJJD LiJ i

OJ - gt- fshyT~ ~ ~f- I

_~i lJJ= In ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ r- -- cn~~~~~ U~~~~

- iJ

-~ V c- - cr - I

--C~ ~ ----

C] = I

w gt- G e J-IS f- gt- OJ G~ cc - - ~

- -

-i

-~~~~shy~LiJ~ef- gtshy

-7-0 f- -- j -i -- uJ Ci]

ilS ec ~ c

~f-

7- --i - -

LJJ - -- Q ~

lJJ IS

Gcc ~~-~shyf-

f- -[L ~

[shy~ -

3c~-

-- gt- j

-~ -

Q ISshyiJ~ ~

i-- r- -- Cf

Q = =-IS-gtshy

~ shy

f- fshy

--shyu

w lJJ

-J -- --

r- ~- shy

F -d J

IiI

----~_r-~shy~ - - i = I i C i

-- [

-

D ~i~- shy

- ~- r- r-shy ~ shy - ~ ~ shy - -~ ~ - ~

--- ~

-

=shy- - W

shy ishy

r

~-~-shy ----~ ~ --

shy

Cj

SJ +

W shycr CT i- -- -

~

0 D -Lu

~--~~-shy-

J

- ~shy

[shy

W C -- r-

-In cr u cI

Lu W D [ Cj C co U

----

-~----

LL

L1 u -

= ~ QJ

LU U~ U ) LL = cshy

-

)LLW) LL ~

~ - -Q

shycr r~

J C shy-

Q

~ ~ - ~ LL CC r-

LL u

wi LL -

shyf-2W un --shy

-

---i

j C[ WI -~-LL LL

- - --~

W+ =shy W

-

T-

- U~

Q-W J ~ shy~ cshy

~G~- LL LL

-cshy 5~= I

fshy-shy

-CL

c co shy

] U~

U~_---------shy 2

Ck =CT

c -

- ~ rshy rshy

~Gamp

f = -

0-

~

c c

- -----------~ W ) LL

- -- +

shy-shy

cshy

shy

= W - ~ W-

LL

~ -shy _LL ~ -

- Cj

shy ~

J---~ ~-shy--

c T

crCC

shy - -Qshy

shy - shy - - v

CCD

= =~=LL LL

shy

~--~--~-~-shy== C~

- = cshy~shy

Cj

D [-

LL gt1- c shy ~

shy L - U shy shy -~ --

I-shy cshy-CJ -

Lu I

)U I

Lu-- -U iL 1

f-LlJ

- iitI

I-- I

TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

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Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

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C

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Q LLlC JLL

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rr

Cj

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I

co

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In

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C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

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CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

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CQ f

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cr co

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flt1 co

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shyr

r U~ co f

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coco

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= co

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ill

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fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

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d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

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ill

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0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

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- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

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- 16 -

Measurement Units VolumeDBH Height Desired Conversion(C)

inches feet (feet)-J none

inches feet (meters)shyc3

cm meters (feet)3 (c1-b1)(c2-b2)

cm meters (meters)3(c1-b1) (c2 -b2)c3

Hhere c1 = 254 inchescm

c2 = 03048 ftmeter

c3 = 00283168 m3ft3

b1 b2 = coefficients of the volume equation used

These conversion factors can be used in several HaysFirst if desired measurements of D and H can be converted

using the terms c1 and c2 respectively Alternatively theappropriate composite conversions C can be used to convertthe final volume Desired volume is obtained by multiplyingthe calculated volume from the volume equation times theappropriate conversion factor above

VI CONIFER TAPER MODELS

Taper models estimate diameter inside bark at variousheights on tree boles when only DBH and some measure of treeheight are observed Taper models are used for two princishyple purposes

1 Estimation of the dimensions of upper stem portionsfor defect adjustment in cruising

2 Estimation of the log size mix potentially availablefrom standing trees

A Model Criteria

Taper models are conventionally required to haveseveral properties

1 If total height is an access variable the modelshould predict a diameter inside bark of a at thetree tip Similarly if merchantable height is usedthe equation should predict the top merchantableinside bark diameter at the merchantable height

- 17 shy

2 Predictions of stump or hreast high diameters shouldequal actual measurements at these points Whilethese values are not conventionally recorded in thefield the taper model should be structured sopredicted inside bark diameters can be forcedthrough logical values of these points if necessary

3 Predictions derived from these equations should bealways positive always decrease with increases inbole height and be relatively unbiased at variouspoints on the tree bole

B ~odel Development

Experimentation with several possible functional formsled to the following model which is based on the modifiedinverse of a general sigmoidal equation This model was found form

to satisfy the previous criteria and has the general

d = c D - Df ln[1-Rc1

(1-exp(c f1 - d ~f )))J1 0 1 ~ 0 m~ 1

Where

di = dib in inches at a point lilon the tree bole

D = DBH

h = height in feet from ground to a point i on the tree1 bole

H = general measure of tree height in feet

R = (h-1)(H-1)1

d = merchantable top diameter inside bark correspondingm to the point where h1 = H

f1 = c2 + c3D + c4H

c1 = parameters estimated by regression methods

This model is conditioned so that the predicted diameshyter inside bark will equal a when h = H If H is totalheight d is 0 and the predicted diameter will be a at thetree tip~ Similarly if H is the height to a merchantabletop of say 50 inches d is 50 inches and the predictionwill be conditioned to mpredict 50 inches dib when hi =H

Six taper equations were developed with H being definedas height from the ground to an 85 and C inch (tree tip)

- 18 shy

top dib for redwood and Douglas fir The models werefitted by nonlinear least squares Two to three samplepoints on suitable trees used in the previously desoribedvolume analysis were randomly chosen for equation fittingCoefficient estimates and a statistical summary are shown inTable 7

C Podel Interpretation and Discussion

The coefficient c is interpreted as the ratio ofdib at a 10 foot ~tump to DBH The fitted coefficientswere almost numerically equal to simple ratio estimatorsbased on the same data set so constraining the model was not

considered necessary The term f1 for the taper modelswere chosen after considerable experimentation in attemptsto account for general differences in taper between trees indifferent diameter and height classes Table 8 gives avershyage bias (average difference between actual and predictedvalues) by relative height for all six taper equations Ingeneral these biases are small and quite acceptable for thegeneral level of precision usually required in estimatingupper bole diameters

Table 7

Taper Podel Coefficients and Statistical Summary

REmJOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Merchantable Tops

00 50 80 00 50 80

c 955 956 955 1008 1016 1 0240

387 346 326 415 320 276c1

-362 -247 -211 -275 -169 -142c2

-00581 -00666 -00542 -00770 -00539 -00364c3

00122 00116 000847 000640 000178 000108c4

R2 902 962 967 974 978 975

S 128 119 114 97 81 82yx

SampleCJlze 1238 1217 1164 671 631 574

--

- 19 -

Table 8

Bias of conifer taper equations at various pointon the sample tree boles

REDWOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Equation top diameter Equation top diameter

00 50 80 00 50 80

Bias in Inches

Stump 13 01 -03 22 10 03

DBH -16 01 09 - 15 -03 05

-22 -20 -22 -20 -10 -10h17

30 17 03 25 07 10h33

30 -04 07 35 17 05h5

-06 -03 08 1 1 - 14 -00h67

-34 06 26 -54 -04 00hS5

top 00 00 00 00 00 00

h xx refers to a bole height equal to xx of total height

Positive table values indicate predictions are low

VII VOLUME EQUATION VERSUS TAPER BASED VOLUME ESTIMATES

The coefficients in Appendix A can be used to estimategross volume directly in standing trees The taper equashytions can also be used to obtain indirect estimates of grossvolume Essentially the taper equation is used to estimateinside bark diameters at the places on the tree bole whereit is to be bucked into lengths These lengths are thenscaled using predicted inside bark diameters and summed toestimate total volume Mathematical integration of thetaper function is impossible so this numerical technique isrequired

It should be emphasized that the taper equations weredeveloped to predict inside bark bole diameters not tree

- 20 shy

volume Hence their adequacy in volume estimation cannotbe judged by conventional statistics Regardless the folshylowing ad hoc comparisons were made

A Comparisons

Diameters total heights and scaled cubic volumes to afive inch top of the trees used in the taper analysis wereutilized for comparative purposes The coefficients fromthe appropriate total height-DEH cubic volume equation wereused to directly predict volumes to a five inch top forthese trees The total height taper equations (H isdefined as total height) have the greatest standard deviashytions and range in bias Consequently they were used forcomparative purposes as a measure of the worst that could bedone using taper equations to obtain volume estimatesThese taper equations were used to predict inside bark diamshyeters at one foot intervals on each tree from the stump to afive inch top Smalians formula was then used to computevolume of each segment which were then summed to give anindirect estimate of cubic volume The following statisticswere then computed for both redwood and Douglas fir

1 Aggregate percentage difference

2 Average percentage difference

3 Root mean square percent deviation (RMSPD) computedas

1

RMSPD = (Z((y - y)y)2n)21 1 1

where

y = volume estimated b~hvolume equation or taper 1 equation for the i sample tree

y1 = actual scaled volume of the ith sample tree

n = number of sample trees

These values are shown in Table 9 and are essentially a measure of how close predicted volumes are to actual scaled tree volumes used in the basic analysis As indicators of lack of bias average and aggregate percent differences should be close to zero The RMSPD value is essentially an approximation to the standard deviation expressed as a pershycent Comparisons of these values for the taper equation with those of the volume equation provides a measure of relative efficiency Judging from table 9 there appears to be no bias in volume prediction from the taper equations

- 21 shy

and RMSPD values are almost identical

Table 9

Comparative statistics for judging differences between volume equation and taper equation based volume estimates

Redwood Douglas fir

Average Aggregate RMSPD Average Aggregate RMSPD difference difference difference difference

---per cent---

Volume -8 8 153 1 -12 11 5 equation

Taper -2 19 15 1 2 11 112 equation

Positive percent differences indicate that the estimators are low compared to actual volumes

To provide a measure of relative compatability between volume equations and taper-based volume estimates ratios of estimates produced by both methods are shown for diameter and height classes of trees used in the taper analysis in tables 10 and 11 Except at the edges of the data set there is remarkable agreement between the estimators considshyering no attempt was made to condition the taper equations

B Evaluation

In the course of this taper analysis several items were noted which are possible areas for refinement

1 The taper equations are overall slightly low judging by the aggregate difference This is probshyably due to estimating dib rather than dib squared which is proportional to volume It is well known that the squared average of a sample is less than the average squared value unless all of the diameters are the same

2 The rather simple expression of the term f in the equation may not be totally adequate for describing taper differences between trees of different DBH and height

--

- 22 shy

3 The increases with height in the ratios of volume equations to taper based estimates is largely due tothe data set being used No significant trendsindicating a lack of fit were detected in a comparishyson of both volume equations and taper estimateswith actual scaled volumes For Douglas fir thedifference is more pronounced and apparently due toa small and somewhat lopsided distribution of thesample trees

We encourage the cooperators to review these taperequations prior to final publication

In summary volume equations produce simple and effishycient estimates of gro~s tree volume However taper equashytions can be used to produce similar estimates although theyare somewhat cumbersome Taper equations are necessary whenvolumes by logs in individual trees are desired

VIII VOLUME TABLES

While the volume equations presented rere are very useshyful for incorporation into inventory analysis programs many foresters will want some of these volume equations turned into table form The combinationsof speciesgroups (3) equation types (2) measurement units (3) and top diameters (4) would require 72 individual volume tables Wben one considers the possible range of form classes of interest the number of possible tables is even more formidable Since any individual would only be interested in a few of these tables no attempt is being made to publish all ofthese tables

However in Appendix C 50 inch merchantable top boardfoot cubic foot and cubic meter tables are given for eachof the two species Redwood and Douglas fir by DBH andtotal height A listing of the computer program used toproduce these tables is available from the authors

TABLE 10 Redwood -- Rat~os of volume equationto taper based estima s of cubic volume froma 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH andHeight classes of trees used in taper analysis

I D8H I

I I 1[I 20 30 -10 50 lr3

TOTAL HEI GHT

70 80 9~3

(FEET)

100 110 120 1313 140 150 160 1E1 1813 190 200

101 12 I I [ 16 I

109 102

97 105 107 101 101

1( 97

108 103

99

112 106 1 D3 103 1 1211 101

107 103 1 [11

102 1 ~j1 1 [10 1 DE1

11 I

1] I

2gt I 24 I i6 I

94

9)

1(

96

99 100

9 99

~H 99

97 93

97 99

100 100 100 99 1 [113 1[10 100 9~1 98

99 100 100 99 99

99 1 O~J 1 (10 1 CH] 99

99 100 100 100 11]0

S18

97

9B

99 9E1

96

97 97

94

2 I 30 I 32 I 34 I 31 I

9B 99

IDO 100

113D 100 1 Em 101 1 cn 1 [11 101 1~j2

1 (C

1 [11 1 [11 101 101 102 102 11212 103 103 103

100 101 102 102 103

100 100 1 I] 1 102 103

SI9 SIE

10D ~)9 1 [11 1 [1[1 101101 102 102

97

98

99 97

1 [I1

E I 40 I Q I 44 I ill I

1 05

106

1 04 1 04 1 03

106 1 07

105 106 106

1 O 1 pound11 1 03 103 104 104

1 r~16

1 00 101 101 1D4 1 D5

4 i[I 32 I 56

I ] ] I I

108 1 Ot

1[17

110 106

5= I 60 I

TABLE 11 Douglas fir Ratios of volume equation to taper based estimates of cubic volume from a 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH and Height classes of trees used in taper analysis

--

I DEH I

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60 7t3

TlJTRL HE IcHT

BO 90

(FEET)

100 110 120

-----------------------------------------------

130 140 150 160 170 181] 196 2130

1j I 12 I 11 I 11 I

86 95 99

n 99 95 92

99

94

1 04 102

97

106 103 1DO

105 1 D1

1 me 103 106

13 I 20 I 2 I 4 I ~C I

9D 93 92 ~30

17 1 00

96 9C

95 97

93 96

93 9)

1 01 1 00

99

9B

97

1 E14 1 05 102 103 101 102 100 1 [12

99 101

104 104 104 1135

1 04

1 1217

106 106

I 30 I 3 I 3[ I C I

-deg 94 97

99 1 00 1 00

99 100

1 04 102 1 I) 1 ll4 101 102

1 0~5 1 06 1 04 1 (16 11215 104 106

1 139 1m

3 I lD I 4 I 44 I 4C I

1 EJ3 104

104

106

4 I 5U I 52 I ~l I 1 I

1 07

5 T CO I

- 23 -

Literature Cited

Akima Hiroshi 1970 A new method of interpolation and smooth curve

fitting based on local procedures ESSA Research Laboratories Boulder Colorado

Baskerville GL1972 Use of logarithmic regression in the estimation

of plant biomass Can J For Res 2(1)49shy53

Bruce Donald Schumacher Francis Y1950 Forest mensuration 3ded xvii 483p

Johnson Floyd A1966 Bark factors for Douglas fir USDA Forest

Servo Res Paper PNW - 34 Pacific NorthwestFor and Rng Exp Sta Portland Ore 3p

Palley Marshall N1959 Board foot volume tables for young growth coashy

stal Redwood California Forestry and ForestProducts No 11 California AgriculturalExpt Station Berkeley California 5p

Wensel Lee C1971 Tree volume equations from measurements taken

with a Barr and Stroud optical dendrometerHilgardia 41(4)55-64

- 24 -

Appendix

CONIFER TREE VOLU~E EQUATIONS

This appendix contains tables of statistical summariesand coefficient estimates of conifer tree volume equationsEach table has six equation summaries three board foot andthree cubic foot each accessed by total height merchantableheight or height in 163 foot logs Stump height isassumed to be one foot and board foot volumes are based onScribner scale with a nominal scaling length of 16 feet witha 3 foot trim allowance Top diameters vary with eachtable Table A1 provides a quick reference guide to tablespecifications

(1) Types of Equations

Equations are of two types

a) D-H Diameter-height equationsb) D-H-GF Diameter-height-form class equations

The form of diameter height equations is indicated

in Fortran notation as

v = BO(DB1)(HB2)

which in regular mathematical notation isb b

V = b D 1H 20

Similarly the form class equations are in Fortrannotation

V = BO(DB1)(HB2)(GFBS)

which in standard notation is equivalent to

b b b V = b 0D 1H 2GF 3

- 25 shy

(2) Exponential Notation

The coefficient estimates are given to 4 signishyficant digits in exponential notation As examples

5639E-03 = 5639x10-3 = 0005639

25639E+02= 5639x10 = 5639

(3) Standard Deviations

a) Logarithmic (LN UNITS) - Standard deviations ofresiduals are reported in natural logarithmic (baseIe) units

b) Normal Units (PERCENT) - Standard deviations arealso reported as a percentage of predicted volumesThis value is also the coefficient of variation

(4) Adjustment for Logarithmic Bias (LN BIAS)

This value is a multiplicative adjustment usushyally negligable that can be used to correct thevolume equations for any inherent bias resulting from the logarithmic transformations in the equation fitting process

(5) Percent Average Deviation (AVE DEV PERCENT)

This value is the average percent deviation ofactual versus predicted values of the sample used infitting the respective equation

(6) Percent Aggregate Difference (AGG DIFF PERCENT)

This value is the percent difference of thetotal actual volume of sample trees versuspredicted Negative values indicate the equationsare low positive values indicate the equations arehigh

---------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------

- 26 -

Quick Reference

TABLE A1

Guide to Conifer Volume Equations

Table No Species Top

Volume

dLb

to

(inches) Equation Type

1 Redwood 8 2 Redwood 8 3 Redwood 7 4 Redwood 7 5 Redwood 6 6 Redwood 6 7 Redwood 5 8 Redwood 5 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas FirWhitewoods

8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 8

18 Whitewoods 8 19 Whitewoods 7 20 Whitewoods 7 21 Whitewoods 6 22 Whitewoods 6 23 Whitewoods 5 24 Whitewoods 5

D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF

T(jDLE 1 GFDS=vCiLUr-IE T(iEIU~ FOP REDLJDDD TPE ~D--H +++gt1lt++gtltfgtIltgtIlt+lt++ ltltlt1ltgt1lt+++gt1gt1laquo1+ltIlt+-JltgtIlt+lgtflt1ltf lt1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt (lII[LI= 17F EI47

10 FDCT STU~PTD 8D IHCHES TDR DIB

EOUATIDH Y = BOID~Dl) II-1B2) IJII[rE

D=DIAM[T[F DUTSIDE BRPK RT 45 FEI=1

H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE DELDW--

E[IIIRD FOOT yoLUMES--STATISTICRL SUllll(IF

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I

TABLE 3 GROSS ~JLUME n~BLES FOR REDWOOD iF[oD11 gt1ltgt1ltgt1gt1lt gt1lt gt1gt1lt gt1ltgt1 gt1ltfgtIltjlt jlt jlt gt1lt gt1yojgtIlt gt1 gt1lt1ltgt1+ +gt1ltgt1lt y gt1lt gt1lt gt1lt1lt gtlt1lt+ I 1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt gt1++O+gtIlty ~nrJIL[ 11 C

10 FOOT STUMP TIJ 70 IHCHES TOP D IB

EQUATION V = BO(Di~Bl)(HB2) LHIEPE

D=DIn~TER OUTSIDE BnRK nT 45 FEEl H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOArD FOOT VCiLUMES--STnTISTICAL ~ U r-111n F~

I I I I -- - I - I 1 1 1 1 I rnIIDfIPD I ~TIIIIDFIFD I I LJJ I FIE 1 AIC 1 I 1 I

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I I I I

DE I ATI 011 I (UJ LHIIT) I

I 204 I

DE I FIl I [111

( RErCEHT)

~2 ( 1

I I I I

PgtI+2

962

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1021

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15825

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- ~- r- r-shy ~ shy - ~ ~ shy - -~ ~ - ~

--- ~

-

=shy- - W

shy ishy

r

~-~-shy ----~ ~ --

shy

Cj

SJ +

W shycr CT i- -- -

~

0 D -Lu

~--~~-shy-

J

- ~shy

[shy

W C -- r-

-In cr u cI

Lu W D [ Cj C co U

----

-~----

LL

L1 u -

= ~ QJ

LU U~ U ) LL = cshy

-

)LLW) LL ~

~ - -Q

shycr r~

J C shy-

Q

~ ~ - ~ LL CC r-

LL u

wi LL -

shyf-2W un --shy

-

---i

j C[ WI -~-LL LL

- - --~

W+ =shy W

-

T-

- U~

Q-W J ~ shy~ cshy

~G~- LL LL

-cshy 5~= I

fshy-shy

-CL

c co shy

] U~

U~_---------shy 2

Ck =CT

c -

- ~ rshy rshy

~Gamp

f = -

0-

~

c c

- -----------~ W ) LL

- -- +

shy-shy

cshy

shy

= W - ~ W-

LL

~ -shy _LL ~ -

- Cj

shy ~

J---~ ~-shy--

c T

crCC

shy - -Qshy

shy - shy - - v

CCD

= =~=LL LL

shy

~--~--~-~-shy== C~

- = cshy~shy

Cj

D [-

LL gt1- c shy ~

shy L - U shy shy -~ --

I-shy cshy-CJ -

Lu I

)U I

Lu-- -U iL 1

f-LlJ

- iitI

I-- I

TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

- r~ Cj D CD In [c Cj Cj [r ~ Cj Cj -

c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

oJ ltj

C]D D ~~-

co fc Cj C In C]

J I

f

)f~ -

c Cj-

c Cj fr

~j

[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

~J CO (I flt - Cj-

L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

C]s CO Lt j ~

- C -

C] -

- ~

)-~ COD

C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

LL lt

LLi

shy

uJ

J

fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

- In fshy

- i--

cr fr

~ 7 s

=7

(j C c] e~

J - D In

ishy D j

1(1- u~ [r

- ~

I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

-

C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

fC deg]

-

I CO Q

~~gt-i~

C Cj Lt ~-- -

CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

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16 I 3 4 9 4 2

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- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

c

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[iPCI~CLIFIC I-[lOT lOLUIn rnHIE~LUME rROM 1 FOOT STIJMP TO 5 INCH TOP ( 11131Dr uriiIlt)

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c 0010 6 10 16 LL 55 43 50 ~j9 b 6

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- 17 shy

2 Predictions of stump or hreast high diameters shouldequal actual measurements at these points Whilethese values are not conventionally recorded in thefield the taper model should be structured sopredicted inside bark diameters can be forcedthrough logical values of these points if necessary

3 Predictions derived from these equations should bealways positive always decrease with increases inbole height and be relatively unbiased at variouspoints on the tree bole

B ~odel Development

Experimentation with several possible functional formsled to the following model which is based on the modifiedinverse of a general sigmoidal equation This model was found form

to satisfy the previous criteria and has the general

d = c D - Df ln[1-Rc1

(1-exp(c f1 - d ~f )))J1 0 1 ~ 0 m~ 1

Where

di = dib in inches at a point lilon the tree bole

D = DBH

h = height in feet from ground to a point i on the tree1 bole

H = general measure of tree height in feet

R = (h-1)(H-1)1

d = merchantable top diameter inside bark correspondingm to the point where h1 = H

f1 = c2 + c3D + c4H

c1 = parameters estimated by regression methods

This model is conditioned so that the predicted diameshyter inside bark will equal a when h = H If H is totalheight d is 0 and the predicted diameter will be a at thetree tip~ Similarly if H is the height to a merchantabletop of say 50 inches d is 50 inches and the predictionwill be conditioned to mpredict 50 inches dib when hi =H

Six taper equations were developed with H being definedas height from the ground to an 85 and C inch (tree tip)

- 18 shy

top dib for redwood and Douglas fir The models werefitted by nonlinear least squares Two to three samplepoints on suitable trees used in the previously desoribedvolume analysis were randomly chosen for equation fittingCoefficient estimates and a statistical summary are shown inTable 7

C Podel Interpretation and Discussion

The coefficient c is interpreted as the ratio ofdib at a 10 foot ~tump to DBH The fitted coefficientswere almost numerically equal to simple ratio estimatorsbased on the same data set so constraining the model was not

considered necessary The term f1 for the taper modelswere chosen after considerable experimentation in attemptsto account for general differences in taper between trees indifferent diameter and height classes Table 8 gives avershyage bias (average difference between actual and predictedvalues) by relative height for all six taper equations Ingeneral these biases are small and quite acceptable for thegeneral level of precision usually required in estimatingupper bole diameters

Table 7

Taper Podel Coefficients and Statistical Summary

REmJOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Merchantable Tops

00 50 80 00 50 80

c 955 956 955 1008 1016 1 0240

387 346 326 415 320 276c1

-362 -247 -211 -275 -169 -142c2

-00581 -00666 -00542 -00770 -00539 -00364c3

00122 00116 000847 000640 000178 000108c4

R2 902 962 967 974 978 975

S 128 119 114 97 81 82yx

SampleCJlze 1238 1217 1164 671 631 574

--

- 19 -

Table 8

Bias of conifer taper equations at various pointon the sample tree boles

REDWOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Equation top diameter Equation top diameter

00 50 80 00 50 80

Bias in Inches

Stump 13 01 -03 22 10 03

DBH -16 01 09 - 15 -03 05

-22 -20 -22 -20 -10 -10h17

30 17 03 25 07 10h33

30 -04 07 35 17 05h5

-06 -03 08 1 1 - 14 -00h67

-34 06 26 -54 -04 00hS5

top 00 00 00 00 00 00

h xx refers to a bole height equal to xx of total height

Positive table values indicate predictions are low

VII VOLUME EQUATION VERSUS TAPER BASED VOLUME ESTIMATES

The coefficients in Appendix A can be used to estimategross volume directly in standing trees The taper equashytions can also be used to obtain indirect estimates of grossvolume Essentially the taper equation is used to estimateinside bark diameters at the places on the tree bole whereit is to be bucked into lengths These lengths are thenscaled using predicted inside bark diameters and summed toestimate total volume Mathematical integration of thetaper function is impossible so this numerical technique isrequired

It should be emphasized that the taper equations weredeveloped to predict inside bark bole diameters not tree

- 20 shy

volume Hence their adequacy in volume estimation cannotbe judged by conventional statistics Regardless the folshylowing ad hoc comparisons were made

A Comparisons

Diameters total heights and scaled cubic volumes to afive inch top of the trees used in the taper analysis wereutilized for comparative purposes The coefficients fromthe appropriate total height-DEH cubic volume equation wereused to directly predict volumes to a five inch top forthese trees The total height taper equations (H isdefined as total height) have the greatest standard deviashytions and range in bias Consequently they were used forcomparative purposes as a measure of the worst that could bedone using taper equations to obtain volume estimatesThese taper equations were used to predict inside bark diamshyeters at one foot intervals on each tree from the stump to afive inch top Smalians formula was then used to computevolume of each segment which were then summed to give anindirect estimate of cubic volume The following statisticswere then computed for both redwood and Douglas fir

1 Aggregate percentage difference

2 Average percentage difference

3 Root mean square percent deviation (RMSPD) computedas

1

RMSPD = (Z((y - y)y)2n)21 1 1

where

y = volume estimated b~hvolume equation or taper 1 equation for the i sample tree

y1 = actual scaled volume of the ith sample tree

n = number of sample trees

These values are shown in Table 9 and are essentially a measure of how close predicted volumes are to actual scaled tree volumes used in the basic analysis As indicators of lack of bias average and aggregate percent differences should be close to zero The RMSPD value is essentially an approximation to the standard deviation expressed as a pershycent Comparisons of these values for the taper equation with those of the volume equation provides a measure of relative efficiency Judging from table 9 there appears to be no bias in volume prediction from the taper equations

- 21 shy

and RMSPD values are almost identical

Table 9

Comparative statistics for judging differences between volume equation and taper equation based volume estimates

Redwood Douglas fir

Average Aggregate RMSPD Average Aggregate RMSPD difference difference difference difference

---per cent---

Volume -8 8 153 1 -12 11 5 equation

Taper -2 19 15 1 2 11 112 equation

Positive percent differences indicate that the estimators are low compared to actual volumes

To provide a measure of relative compatability between volume equations and taper-based volume estimates ratios of estimates produced by both methods are shown for diameter and height classes of trees used in the taper analysis in tables 10 and 11 Except at the edges of the data set there is remarkable agreement between the estimators considshyering no attempt was made to condition the taper equations

B Evaluation

In the course of this taper analysis several items were noted which are possible areas for refinement

1 The taper equations are overall slightly low judging by the aggregate difference This is probshyably due to estimating dib rather than dib squared which is proportional to volume It is well known that the squared average of a sample is less than the average squared value unless all of the diameters are the same

2 The rather simple expression of the term f in the equation may not be totally adequate for describing taper differences between trees of different DBH and height

--

- 22 shy

3 The increases with height in the ratios of volume equations to taper based estimates is largely due tothe data set being used No significant trendsindicating a lack of fit were detected in a comparishyson of both volume equations and taper estimateswith actual scaled volumes For Douglas fir thedifference is more pronounced and apparently due toa small and somewhat lopsided distribution of thesample trees

We encourage the cooperators to review these taperequations prior to final publication

In summary volume equations produce simple and effishycient estimates of gro~s tree volume However taper equashytions can be used to produce similar estimates although theyare somewhat cumbersome Taper equations are necessary whenvolumes by logs in individual trees are desired

VIII VOLUME TABLES

While the volume equations presented rere are very useshyful for incorporation into inventory analysis programs many foresters will want some of these volume equations turned into table form The combinationsof speciesgroups (3) equation types (2) measurement units (3) and top diameters (4) would require 72 individual volume tables Wben one considers the possible range of form classes of interest the number of possible tables is even more formidable Since any individual would only be interested in a few of these tables no attempt is being made to publish all ofthese tables

However in Appendix C 50 inch merchantable top boardfoot cubic foot and cubic meter tables are given for eachof the two species Redwood and Douglas fir by DBH andtotal height A listing of the computer program used toproduce these tables is available from the authors

TABLE 10 Redwood -- Rat~os of volume equationto taper based estima s of cubic volume froma 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH andHeight classes of trees used in taper analysis

I D8H I

I I 1[I 20 30 -10 50 lr3

TOTAL HEI GHT

70 80 9~3

(FEET)

100 110 120 1313 140 150 160 1E1 1813 190 200

101 12 I I [ 16 I

109 102

97 105 107 101 101

1( 97

108 103

99

112 106 1 D3 103 1 1211 101

107 103 1 [11

102 1 ~j1 1 [10 1 DE1

11 I

1] I

2gt I 24 I i6 I

94

9)

1(

96

99 100

9 99

~H 99

97 93

97 99

100 100 100 99 1 [113 1[10 100 9~1 98

99 100 100 99 99

99 1 O~J 1 (10 1 CH] 99

99 100 100 100 11]0

S18

97

9B

99 9E1

96

97 97

94

2 I 30 I 32 I 34 I 31 I

9B 99

IDO 100

113D 100 1 Em 101 1 cn 1 [11 101 1~j2

1 (C

1 [11 1 [11 101 101 102 102 11212 103 103 103

100 101 102 102 103

100 100 1 I] 1 102 103

SI9 SIE

10D ~)9 1 [11 1 [1[1 101101 102 102

97

98

99 97

1 [I1

E I 40 I Q I 44 I ill I

1 05

106

1 04 1 04 1 03

106 1 07

105 106 106

1 O 1 pound11 1 03 103 104 104

1 r~16

1 00 101 101 1D4 1 D5

4 i[I 32 I 56

I ] ] I I

108 1 Ot

1[17

110 106

5= I 60 I

TABLE 11 Douglas fir Ratios of volume equation to taper based estimates of cubic volume from a 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH and Height classes of trees used in taper analysis

--

I DEH I

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60 7t3

TlJTRL HE IcHT

BO 90

(FEET)

100 110 120

-----------------------------------------------

130 140 150 160 170 181] 196 2130

1j I 12 I 11 I 11 I

86 95 99

n 99 95 92

99

94

1 04 102

97

106 103 1DO

105 1 D1

1 me 103 106

13 I 20 I 2 I 4 I ~C I

9D 93 92 ~30

17 1 00

96 9C

95 97

93 96

93 9)

1 01 1 00

99

9B

97

1 E14 1 05 102 103 101 102 100 1 [12

99 101

104 104 104 1135

1 04

1 1217

106 106

I 30 I 3 I 3[ I C I

-deg 94 97

99 1 00 1 00

99 100

1 04 102 1 I) 1 ll4 101 102

1 0~5 1 06 1 04 1 (16 11215 104 106

1 139 1m

3 I lD I 4 I 44 I 4C I

1 EJ3 104

104

106

4 I 5U I 52 I ~l I 1 I

1 07

5 T CO I

- 23 -

Literature Cited

Akima Hiroshi 1970 A new method of interpolation and smooth curve

fitting based on local procedures ESSA Research Laboratories Boulder Colorado

Baskerville GL1972 Use of logarithmic regression in the estimation

of plant biomass Can J For Res 2(1)49shy53

Bruce Donald Schumacher Francis Y1950 Forest mensuration 3ded xvii 483p

Johnson Floyd A1966 Bark factors for Douglas fir USDA Forest

Servo Res Paper PNW - 34 Pacific NorthwestFor and Rng Exp Sta Portland Ore 3p

Palley Marshall N1959 Board foot volume tables for young growth coashy

stal Redwood California Forestry and ForestProducts No 11 California AgriculturalExpt Station Berkeley California 5p

Wensel Lee C1971 Tree volume equations from measurements taken

with a Barr and Stroud optical dendrometerHilgardia 41(4)55-64

- 24 -

Appendix

CONIFER TREE VOLU~E EQUATIONS

This appendix contains tables of statistical summariesand coefficient estimates of conifer tree volume equationsEach table has six equation summaries three board foot andthree cubic foot each accessed by total height merchantableheight or height in 163 foot logs Stump height isassumed to be one foot and board foot volumes are based onScribner scale with a nominal scaling length of 16 feet witha 3 foot trim allowance Top diameters vary with eachtable Table A1 provides a quick reference guide to tablespecifications

(1) Types of Equations

Equations are of two types

a) D-H Diameter-height equationsb) D-H-GF Diameter-height-form class equations

The form of diameter height equations is indicated

in Fortran notation as

v = BO(DB1)(HB2)

which in regular mathematical notation isb b

V = b D 1H 20

Similarly the form class equations are in Fortrannotation

V = BO(DB1)(HB2)(GFBS)

which in standard notation is equivalent to

b b b V = b 0D 1H 2GF 3

- 25 shy

(2) Exponential Notation

The coefficient estimates are given to 4 signishyficant digits in exponential notation As examples

5639E-03 = 5639x10-3 = 0005639

25639E+02= 5639x10 = 5639

(3) Standard Deviations

a) Logarithmic (LN UNITS) - Standard deviations ofresiduals are reported in natural logarithmic (baseIe) units

b) Normal Units (PERCENT) - Standard deviations arealso reported as a percentage of predicted volumesThis value is also the coefficient of variation

(4) Adjustment for Logarithmic Bias (LN BIAS)

This value is a multiplicative adjustment usushyally negligable that can be used to correct thevolume equations for any inherent bias resulting from the logarithmic transformations in the equation fitting process

(5) Percent Average Deviation (AVE DEV PERCENT)

This value is the average percent deviation ofactual versus predicted values of the sample used infitting the respective equation

(6) Percent Aggregate Difference (AGG DIFF PERCENT)

This value is the percent difference of thetotal actual volume of sample trees versuspredicted Negative values indicate the equationsare low positive values indicate the equations arehigh

---------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------

- 26 -

Quick Reference

TABLE A1

Guide to Conifer Volume Equations

Table No Species Top

Volume

dLb

to

(inches) Equation Type

1 Redwood 8 2 Redwood 8 3 Redwood 7 4 Redwood 7 5 Redwood 6 6 Redwood 6 7 Redwood 5 8 Redwood 5 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas FirWhitewoods

8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 8

18 Whitewoods 8 19 Whitewoods 7 20 Whitewoods 7 21 Whitewoods 6 22 Whitewoods 6 23 Whitewoods 5 24 Whitewoods 5

D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF

T(jDLE 1 GFDS=vCiLUr-IE T(iEIU~ FOP REDLJDDD TPE ~D--H +++gt1lt++gtltfgtIltgtIlt+lt++ ltltlt1ltgt1lt+++gt1gt1laquo1+ltIlt+-JltgtIlt+lgtflt1ltf lt1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt (lII[LI= 17F EI47

10 FDCT STU~PTD 8D IHCHES TDR DIB

EOUATIDH Y = BOID~Dl) II-1B2) IJII[rE

D=DIAM[T[F DUTSIDE BRPK RT 45 FEI=1

H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE DELDW--

E[IIIRD FOOT yoLUMES--STATISTICRL SUllll(IF

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u

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7 - W ~o-shy

= W0= W -

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U

==--Dshy= -gt W -WDshy

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f=uJ en Q - --------

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I

TABLE 3 GROSS ~JLUME n~BLES FOR REDWOOD iF[oD11 gt1ltgt1ltgt1gt1lt gt1lt gt1gt1lt gt1ltgt1 gt1ltfgtIltjlt jlt jlt gt1lt gt1yojgtIlt gt1 gt1lt1ltgt1+ +gt1ltgt1lt y gt1lt gt1lt gt1lt1lt gtlt1lt+ I 1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt gt1++O+gtIlty ~nrJIL[ 11 C

10 FOOT STUMP TIJ 70 IHCHES TOP D IB

EQUATION V = BO(Di~Bl)(HB2) LHIEPE

D=DIn~TER OUTSIDE BnRK nT 45 FEEl H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOArD FOOT VCiLUMES--STnTISTICAL ~ U r-111n F~

I I I I -- - I - I 1 1 1 1 I rnIIDfIPD I ~TIIIIDFIFD I I LJJ I FIE 1 AIC 1 I 1 I

H=TOTRl HEICHT

I I I I

DE I ATI 011 I (UJ LHIIT) I

I 204 I

DE I FIl I [111

( RErCEHT)

~2 ( 1

I I I I

PgtI+2

962

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1021

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DE ( [O[iCEIT)

15825

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ii II

I

TnBLE 7 GrOSS VOLUME TABLES FOr rEDWOOD TITI=II-II ~jIltiltIfIIltlt+AltIltjIltII1Iltjfjlt+V++hgtllt+Ijlt+f+j1lt+jltVgtf+fjltj++yengtf FIIHLE IZL 9DO

10 FOOT ~3TlHlr= TO 50] tICHE~3 TOP D I Ei

FeUrn] CHJ = BI] (lHB 1) (HKfB2) IHIErE

D=DIAMETLR OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IH FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BiJHFDFOOT VOLUMES--STHTISTICAL SUIlIlftl] ] 1-------- I I I 1 1 1 11 ~T(jHDIlfD I ~3T(III D FIr]) I I Uj I IIE I AGC I 1 1 ]] ])EI] AT 011 ] DEI AT] ON I RfK2 I B]n~= ] DE I D]FF ] B0 I 81 I 82 ]] (LH UII IT~) 1 ( FEF~CEtIT) I I I (PEfCEIITI I (1r~FIEljT) 1 I I 1] ] I 1 1-------- I -- shy on- - -- 1 ----- I 1 I

H=TOT(1L HEIGHT ] 2H 1 41D I 971 ] 1024 1 16800 ] --2 0~19 ] 1J3 j E - U3 I 0 21 [+0 1 I 1 1[-I U 1 T

] ]------- I -- --_- ] - - -- - ] - - - - ---- I ] [ --1-- I

] I I 1 1----- ] 1 [ 1 ---1H=IIEICHHE] CHT I 1[j I 1849 I 982 ] 1015 I 13243 I 1 -37 I 23[111 -1]2 I HSI4[+O 1 I 1~)16L +U 11

H=LOG HE]11-1-1 I 1 ] 1 I I I 12~EHIO] 1694E+0 11 1[516E+0 II] - _- - - -- I I 1 ]----- I 1 ] 1 I

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMFS--STATISTICAL SUr1f1HP(1 --- I 1 - 1 ] I---- ] 1-- ] 1

1 I)E]I1TIDII I DEIHTIOtl I PI+2 I 13]It3 I DE I DIfF I 80 I Bl ] B +] (LH Utl ITS) I (PEPCEtIT) I I I ( PEPCEIIT) I (PEFCEtH) I ] I ]1 ---------- I I ] -- I I I -- -- ---- I - I J

I ~TAtmnPD I ~=TntjDnPD ] I UJ I FIiE I Her I I I I

H=TOTAL HEICHT ] 149 I 1609 I 979 1 1 011 I 11 709 I 25 I 903[-C3 I 1792E+0 1 I 121EIIJ 1 I1 1--------- I ] 1-------- I I - I T I

H=11EPCH HE 1CHT I 132 I 141( I 984 I 1009 I 10327 I 2603 I 5[10~JEm021 I596E+fl I 10CE+C11 J1 1---- I I I-- I 1 ] 1 1

H=LOG HEI GI-n ] I I I I I I 967CE-01 ]15[+011 1(1(DE+Ol1] ]---- ] 1 ]-- ] ] 1 1 1

--

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cJ

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f- 0 -C) D l- = -1 ii Ii ii

r r

l~BLE 9 cross VOLUME TRBLES FOR DOUGLRS FIR 11 r~1)- H

gtIlt+fgtt-++gtIltjlt+lctfgtjgtjjgtII++++IltffIltIIltf++YIltgtIlt -ltfllllLE~3I L no 10 FOOT Sl~MP TO 80 INCHES TOP D IB

EDURTIDrl 130(IlfgtfD I ) UIB2) IJHEPE

D=DIRM~TER OUTSIDE BRRK AT 45 FEET 11=HE ] CI-Ilshy ] 11 FEET DF~ tILlf1EiEf~~ DI L[lC~=---~=[E BELDLJ--

BorWD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL 3L1f--1rlAR ] 1 1---- I I 1---_----shy 1 1- 1 1 1 I

STANDARD 1 Sl~NDARD 1 DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2

1 LJJ I I B If1S I

rIF DE

I 1IGLi 1 DIFF

I 1 J ] I 80 I 81 1 82 1

I (Ul LlHIr) I (PERCErn) I 1 I (PERCEtIT) 1 (P[PCEtrn II I 1 1 1- I --- -- 1 1- ----shy ) 1 1 1

H=TOTf4L HEIGHT I 154 11670 1 967 1 1012 1 11681 1 -1153 I 1Opound9E-[12 I I 793E+0 II lCU9[+U 1 I 1 1 1shy ] 1 1------ I ----- - - - ---] shy - -I I ---

I-I=IIEFCH I-IEI CHr I ID 1 II 13 1 984 I 1006 1 E213 1 1 29~ilE-O 11 IJ2~IE+O II 11iEICilI1236

1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 --H=LOG I-IEICHT 1 1 1 1 1 I I 79CI2[HII] 1 152(jf~H] 1 1 II7[ICll1

1 1 1 1 1 1 I ---- -- - --- I shy - I- - --- - [ ------

CLIEIC FOOT VOLUMES--STRTISTICAL ~ U flrl14 P

1 1 1---shy 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1 J =TmID~IRD I STIIIJDbIPD 1 I Ll1 1 fl[ I AGG 1 ] [ I 1 DElbITIOll I DE 1 biT 1 ON 1 f(++2 I Ellfl~ I DE 1 DlfF I 80 1 81 1 B2 I I (LH lJtjIF) 1 (PERCEIIT) 1 1 1 (PERCEIIT) 1 (PERCENT) 1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] I I - - ---1 - - 1 --_ 1 -- - --- - _shy I ---

H=TOTIL H[IGHT I 13 I 1 14[15 I 971 I 1009 1 9t19 1 - R3C I I [l4l--0I I 703EH] II 1379E+0 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I 1 - 1

1-1=III~fCH HIICIIT 1 D~II 1 ~I 4= 1 986 ] 1004 1 6 7~i 1 91~ ] 121I[-D] IclSE+II] 11111[1111I 1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I ] I I 1201UI+CIIIII47~JE+OII mIIE-I)l] I I I 1 -- -- 1 I - shy _-shy - I ---shy- -- I 1 -shy - I --------- ----- -----

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TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

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rr

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CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

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3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

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D D fshy f f= ~ ~s~

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shyr

r U~ co f

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co 0 CO co

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D ~ J U~ CT CO co

= co

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W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

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--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

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CI jr

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J (j

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---- shy --shy -- -shy

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co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

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fshyn shy

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Cj -

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fshy

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C J) n i= C 7 1) - -j C Cj

g

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f~1 OJ

CO

f-CD

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lr) r~1 fshy -

In f

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pJ CO

en rshy

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c C (j ID co 13)f~ ~ f ~ ~~G~A~ U~DCj f~i r~1 f~ i~

- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

c

csshyOJ C

D Cj S~[~~2

- - J coCJ 2~~~4 ~ --

~-

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- 18 shy

top dib for redwood and Douglas fir The models werefitted by nonlinear least squares Two to three samplepoints on suitable trees used in the previously desoribedvolume analysis were randomly chosen for equation fittingCoefficient estimates and a statistical summary are shown inTable 7

C Podel Interpretation and Discussion

The coefficient c is interpreted as the ratio ofdib at a 10 foot ~tump to DBH The fitted coefficientswere almost numerically equal to simple ratio estimatorsbased on the same data set so constraining the model was not

considered necessary The term f1 for the taper modelswere chosen after considerable experimentation in attemptsto account for general differences in taper between trees indifferent diameter and height classes Table 8 gives avershyage bias (average difference between actual and predictedvalues) by relative height for all six taper equations Ingeneral these biases are small and quite acceptable for thegeneral level of precision usually required in estimatingupper bole diameters

Table 7

Taper Podel Coefficients and Statistical Summary

REmJOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Merchantable Tops

00 50 80 00 50 80

c 955 956 955 1008 1016 1 0240

387 346 326 415 320 276c1

-362 -247 -211 -275 -169 -142c2

-00581 -00666 -00542 -00770 -00539 -00364c3

00122 00116 000847 000640 000178 000108c4

R2 902 962 967 974 978 975

S 128 119 114 97 81 82yx

SampleCJlze 1238 1217 1164 671 631 574

--

- 19 -

Table 8

Bias of conifer taper equations at various pointon the sample tree boles

REDWOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Equation top diameter Equation top diameter

00 50 80 00 50 80

Bias in Inches

Stump 13 01 -03 22 10 03

DBH -16 01 09 - 15 -03 05

-22 -20 -22 -20 -10 -10h17

30 17 03 25 07 10h33

30 -04 07 35 17 05h5

-06 -03 08 1 1 - 14 -00h67

-34 06 26 -54 -04 00hS5

top 00 00 00 00 00 00

h xx refers to a bole height equal to xx of total height

Positive table values indicate predictions are low

VII VOLUME EQUATION VERSUS TAPER BASED VOLUME ESTIMATES

The coefficients in Appendix A can be used to estimategross volume directly in standing trees The taper equashytions can also be used to obtain indirect estimates of grossvolume Essentially the taper equation is used to estimateinside bark diameters at the places on the tree bole whereit is to be bucked into lengths These lengths are thenscaled using predicted inside bark diameters and summed toestimate total volume Mathematical integration of thetaper function is impossible so this numerical technique isrequired

It should be emphasized that the taper equations weredeveloped to predict inside bark bole diameters not tree

- 20 shy

volume Hence their adequacy in volume estimation cannotbe judged by conventional statistics Regardless the folshylowing ad hoc comparisons were made

A Comparisons

Diameters total heights and scaled cubic volumes to afive inch top of the trees used in the taper analysis wereutilized for comparative purposes The coefficients fromthe appropriate total height-DEH cubic volume equation wereused to directly predict volumes to a five inch top forthese trees The total height taper equations (H isdefined as total height) have the greatest standard deviashytions and range in bias Consequently they were used forcomparative purposes as a measure of the worst that could bedone using taper equations to obtain volume estimatesThese taper equations were used to predict inside bark diamshyeters at one foot intervals on each tree from the stump to afive inch top Smalians formula was then used to computevolume of each segment which were then summed to give anindirect estimate of cubic volume The following statisticswere then computed for both redwood and Douglas fir

1 Aggregate percentage difference

2 Average percentage difference

3 Root mean square percent deviation (RMSPD) computedas

1

RMSPD = (Z((y - y)y)2n)21 1 1

where

y = volume estimated b~hvolume equation or taper 1 equation for the i sample tree

y1 = actual scaled volume of the ith sample tree

n = number of sample trees

These values are shown in Table 9 and are essentially a measure of how close predicted volumes are to actual scaled tree volumes used in the basic analysis As indicators of lack of bias average and aggregate percent differences should be close to zero The RMSPD value is essentially an approximation to the standard deviation expressed as a pershycent Comparisons of these values for the taper equation with those of the volume equation provides a measure of relative efficiency Judging from table 9 there appears to be no bias in volume prediction from the taper equations

- 21 shy

and RMSPD values are almost identical

Table 9

Comparative statistics for judging differences between volume equation and taper equation based volume estimates

Redwood Douglas fir

Average Aggregate RMSPD Average Aggregate RMSPD difference difference difference difference

---per cent---

Volume -8 8 153 1 -12 11 5 equation

Taper -2 19 15 1 2 11 112 equation

Positive percent differences indicate that the estimators are low compared to actual volumes

To provide a measure of relative compatability between volume equations and taper-based volume estimates ratios of estimates produced by both methods are shown for diameter and height classes of trees used in the taper analysis in tables 10 and 11 Except at the edges of the data set there is remarkable agreement between the estimators considshyering no attempt was made to condition the taper equations

B Evaluation

In the course of this taper analysis several items were noted which are possible areas for refinement

1 The taper equations are overall slightly low judging by the aggregate difference This is probshyably due to estimating dib rather than dib squared which is proportional to volume It is well known that the squared average of a sample is less than the average squared value unless all of the diameters are the same

2 The rather simple expression of the term f in the equation may not be totally adequate for describing taper differences between trees of different DBH and height

--

- 22 shy

3 The increases with height in the ratios of volume equations to taper based estimates is largely due tothe data set being used No significant trendsindicating a lack of fit were detected in a comparishyson of both volume equations and taper estimateswith actual scaled volumes For Douglas fir thedifference is more pronounced and apparently due toa small and somewhat lopsided distribution of thesample trees

We encourage the cooperators to review these taperequations prior to final publication

In summary volume equations produce simple and effishycient estimates of gro~s tree volume However taper equashytions can be used to produce similar estimates although theyare somewhat cumbersome Taper equations are necessary whenvolumes by logs in individual trees are desired

VIII VOLUME TABLES

While the volume equations presented rere are very useshyful for incorporation into inventory analysis programs many foresters will want some of these volume equations turned into table form The combinationsof speciesgroups (3) equation types (2) measurement units (3) and top diameters (4) would require 72 individual volume tables Wben one considers the possible range of form classes of interest the number of possible tables is even more formidable Since any individual would only be interested in a few of these tables no attempt is being made to publish all ofthese tables

However in Appendix C 50 inch merchantable top boardfoot cubic foot and cubic meter tables are given for eachof the two species Redwood and Douglas fir by DBH andtotal height A listing of the computer program used toproduce these tables is available from the authors

TABLE 10 Redwood -- Rat~os of volume equationto taper based estima s of cubic volume froma 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH andHeight classes of trees used in taper analysis

I D8H I

I I 1[I 20 30 -10 50 lr3

TOTAL HEI GHT

70 80 9~3

(FEET)

100 110 120 1313 140 150 160 1E1 1813 190 200

101 12 I I [ 16 I

109 102

97 105 107 101 101

1( 97

108 103

99

112 106 1 D3 103 1 1211 101

107 103 1 [11

102 1 ~j1 1 [10 1 DE1

11 I

1] I

2gt I 24 I i6 I

94

9)

1(

96

99 100

9 99

~H 99

97 93

97 99

100 100 100 99 1 [113 1[10 100 9~1 98

99 100 100 99 99

99 1 O~J 1 (10 1 CH] 99

99 100 100 100 11]0

S18

97

9B

99 9E1

96

97 97

94

2 I 30 I 32 I 34 I 31 I

9B 99

IDO 100

113D 100 1 Em 101 1 cn 1 [11 101 1~j2

1 (C

1 [11 1 [11 101 101 102 102 11212 103 103 103

100 101 102 102 103

100 100 1 I] 1 102 103

SI9 SIE

10D ~)9 1 [11 1 [1[1 101101 102 102

97

98

99 97

1 [I1

E I 40 I Q I 44 I ill I

1 05

106

1 04 1 04 1 03

106 1 07

105 106 106

1 O 1 pound11 1 03 103 104 104

1 r~16

1 00 101 101 1D4 1 D5

4 i[I 32 I 56

I ] ] I I

108 1 Ot

1[17

110 106

5= I 60 I

TABLE 11 Douglas fir Ratios of volume equation to taper based estimates of cubic volume from a 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH and Height classes of trees used in taper analysis

--

I DEH I

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60 7t3

TlJTRL HE IcHT

BO 90

(FEET)

100 110 120

-----------------------------------------------

130 140 150 160 170 181] 196 2130

1j I 12 I 11 I 11 I

86 95 99

n 99 95 92

99

94

1 04 102

97

106 103 1DO

105 1 D1

1 me 103 106

13 I 20 I 2 I 4 I ~C I

9D 93 92 ~30

17 1 00

96 9C

95 97

93 96

93 9)

1 01 1 00

99

9B

97

1 E14 1 05 102 103 101 102 100 1 [12

99 101

104 104 104 1135

1 04

1 1217

106 106

I 30 I 3 I 3[ I C I

-deg 94 97

99 1 00 1 00

99 100

1 04 102 1 I) 1 ll4 101 102

1 0~5 1 06 1 04 1 (16 11215 104 106

1 139 1m

3 I lD I 4 I 44 I 4C I

1 EJ3 104

104

106

4 I 5U I 52 I ~l I 1 I

1 07

5 T CO I

- 23 -

Literature Cited

Akima Hiroshi 1970 A new method of interpolation and smooth curve

fitting based on local procedures ESSA Research Laboratories Boulder Colorado

Baskerville GL1972 Use of logarithmic regression in the estimation

of plant biomass Can J For Res 2(1)49shy53

Bruce Donald Schumacher Francis Y1950 Forest mensuration 3ded xvii 483p

Johnson Floyd A1966 Bark factors for Douglas fir USDA Forest

Servo Res Paper PNW - 34 Pacific NorthwestFor and Rng Exp Sta Portland Ore 3p

Palley Marshall N1959 Board foot volume tables for young growth coashy

stal Redwood California Forestry and ForestProducts No 11 California AgriculturalExpt Station Berkeley California 5p

Wensel Lee C1971 Tree volume equations from measurements taken

with a Barr and Stroud optical dendrometerHilgardia 41(4)55-64

- 24 -

Appendix

CONIFER TREE VOLU~E EQUATIONS

This appendix contains tables of statistical summariesand coefficient estimates of conifer tree volume equationsEach table has six equation summaries three board foot andthree cubic foot each accessed by total height merchantableheight or height in 163 foot logs Stump height isassumed to be one foot and board foot volumes are based onScribner scale with a nominal scaling length of 16 feet witha 3 foot trim allowance Top diameters vary with eachtable Table A1 provides a quick reference guide to tablespecifications

(1) Types of Equations

Equations are of two types

a) D-H Diameter-height equationsb) D-H-GF Diameter-height-form class equations

The form of diameter height equations is indicated

in Fortran notation as

v = BO(DB1)(HB2)

which in regular mathematical notation isb b

V = b D 1H 20

Similarly the form class equations are in Fortrannotation

V = BO(DB1)(HB2)(GFBS)

which in standard notation is equivalent to

b b b V = b 0D 1H 2GF 3

- 25 shy

(2) Exponential Notation

The coefficient estimates are given to 4 signishyficant digits in exponential notation As examples

5639E-03 = 5639x10-3 = 0005639

25639E+02= 5639x10 = 5639

(3) Standard Deviations

a) Logarithmic (LN UNITS) - Standard deviations ofresiduals are reported in natural logarithmic (baseIe) units

b) Normal Units (PERCENT) - Standard deviations arealso reported as a percentage of predicted volumesThis value is also the coefficient of variation

(4) Adjustment for Logarithmic Bias (LN BIAS)

This value is a multiplicative adjustment usushyally negligable that can be used to correct thevolume equations for any inherent bias resulting from the logarithmic transformations in the equation fitting process

(5) Percent Average Deviation (AVE DEV PERCENT)

This value is the average percent deviation ofactual versus predicted values of the sample used infitting the respective equation

(6) Percent Aggregate Difference (AGG DIFF PERCENT)

This value is the percent difference of thetotal actual volume of sample trees versuspredicted Negative values indicate the equationsare low positive values indicate the equations arehigh

---------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------

- 26 -

Quick Reference

TABLE A1

Guide to Conifer Volume Equations

Table No Species Top

Volume

dLb

to

(inches) Equation Type

1 Redwood 8 2 Redwood 8 3 Redwood 7 4 Redwood 7 5 Redwood 6 6 Redwood 6 7 Redwood 5 8 Redwood 5 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas FirWhitewoods

8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 8

18 Whitewoods 8 19 Whitewoods 7 20 Whitewoods 7 21 Whitewoods 6 22 Whitewoods 6 23 Whitewoods 5 24 Whitewoods 5

D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF

T(jDLE 1 GFDS=vCiLUr-IE T(iEIU~ FOP REDLJDDD TPE ~D--H +++gt1lt++gtltfgtIltgtIlt+lt++ ltltlt1ltgt1lt+++gt1gt1laquo1+ltIlt+-JltgtIlt+lgtflt1ltf lt1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt (lII[LI= 17F EI47

10 FDCT STU~PTD 8D IHCHES TDR DIB

EOUATIDH Y = BOID~Dl) II-1B2) IJII[rE

D=DIAM[T[F DUTSIDE BRPK RT 45 FEI=1

H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE DELDW--

E[IIIRD FOOT yoLUMES--STATISTICRL SUllll(IF

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TABLE 3 GROSS ~JLUME n~BLES FOR REDWOOD iF[oD11 gt1ltgt1ltgt1gt1lt gt1lt gt1gt1lt gt1ltgt1 gt1ltfgtIltjlt jlt jlt gt1lt gt1yojgtIlt gt1 gt1lt1ltgt1+ +gt1ltgt1lt y gt1lt gt1lt gt1lt1lt gtlt1lt+ I 1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt gt1++O+gtIlty ~nrJIL[ 11 C

10 FOOT STUMP TIJ 70 IHCHES TOP D IB

EQUATION V = BO(Di~Bl)(HB2) LHIEPE

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10 FOOT ~3TlHlr= TO 50] tICHE~3 TOP D I Ei

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H=TOTIL H[IGHT I 13 I 1 14[15 I 971 I 1009 1 9t19 1 - R3C I I [l4l--0I I 703EH] II 1379E+0 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I 1 - 1

1-1=III~fCH HIICIIT 1 D~II 1 ~I 4= 1 986 ] 1004 1 6 7~i 1 91~ ] 121I[-D] IclSE+II] 11111[1111I 1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I ] I I 1201UI+CIIIII47~JE+OII mIIE-I)l] I I I 1 -- -- 1 I - shy _-shy - I ---shy- -- I 1 -shy - I --------- ----- -----

-~~~~ - ~~ shy ~~~~~shy

u LiJWJ r ~

shy -----shy

I ~~-~shy

-

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1 -

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= I

gt-shy

c

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co s I- -

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3

C

L

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shy 2 wJ = ~ ~ ~shyf- T gt-i

L1J U~I wJ - LL Ishy i

L1J lt I in W I

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w

D i

co in

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U - c-C LL+i-

UJ 7 UJ Wc-W-

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w+shy

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f- gt-shy gt-shy~

u c _I

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c c~~gt--~~~~~~~~

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cishygt-shy

i- W ltc ~- J_ [r

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W CL 1- Q -

~ ~ gt-shy ~ H~~H~

C 1- - C i- I ugt--~ -- shy ~

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lt2 = --- ~

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shy-

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JJ W W= 0 -shy - co

co i= I 0 h-In

w [~

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3it (j -I ] 0ti=G

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LL ~ CL CTD = ~

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w ~ CJ ~D - CL ~- I

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D II

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r-- ishy

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u -rshyJJ shy

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co

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pishy-- c -

c t-C~ Cc shy -shy

u+lt-shy7c

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3

LJ

6

shy

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L

Lc U LJ - LLDtshy

~ -shyfJ

ishy rshy -

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co -

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uj --Lee J

W D ~i

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Q

i LL W J LL U (I-CL- ishy

-U)-- -shy ~~~U~I

fshy ishy Uj---shyIi

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C]

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CL

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CC c-

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D

--

f

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L

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cu = I i -ishy

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w ~L -- -- W CI - c D

C=f ~ - ~ ~~ I gt~ -

j- u ~i~ -shy~---shy~ ~

~

- =1 t T rltU ~ ~ lJJ -W --

in in U~ D w ~~ CD CO w C] ~- - J -- ~~ ~

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~ T I + LL J lJJ lJJ LU

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~ W D Cj CD L cr C]

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LL lJJ ~--~~

U~ cn - L f- f- Ishy~ ~ lJJ U~ J Cr- - -- T [~ lJJ ~ ~ LL LLi ~ ~ ~ LL LU

D

= 1 ~ LLe ~LL J J ~LL U il 1 I~il CL II -- il~ 1 shy- 7-- in II 1 Q W I C] QilJ

- I l 1 J I i J CL 1e I - I I = ~ I

= I I J I I = I~a~ f-il U~--~~~~~---~~ U~~~~~ I lJJ

n -+ e CD GG J -w

II I- - fshy ~ ~w~t

~- u ~ -wgtw

cr)

L JgtW

LU - -gtWU j - gtLUU crr--~ il U~ II lt= CL i U~ II lt= il

we W I p] (i ~ LU 0) w l- CLI~ r- CL tt s ~ t- II I II

Sf 1

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I ~~~~~

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= LL I D I

c- - cn u U~ co r- I In ~ ~ ~ il~ z c ~ I G z G D I =~ - shyef= w - CD - A -- ~ ~ ~ Di

3~ - ~~ ~ ~ I i ~ J -D C J I I

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OJh- ~ f-u LL C) shy-- CT

7- L =w lt= I ~ il I il

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w~~~~-~~~~~~ r--

T ~

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J 1 z U~Ilt=Dishylil~~ 1 ~I G i- z (1 pjI lt=II gtI z ~I IIgtZII-LU I cn lt= -

I

Ishyr fJ -- ishy

lJJ LJ r

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r r r

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LlJ I

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c-

shy -~ ~ ~~ -~~~~ HH~iHH_~~

+

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CTi

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LL W

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G -10

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= -S2

LL = shyi

LL ~

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u~ +

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~

L

DCP LL CC rshy

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C--2W I H

HH~_~_~shy

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un U~ c ~- H

LL+W G

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L ~~ = shy - ~ ~ -~ u l--

LlJ - - W

w r 9i

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--3 7-

J ~shy ~~~~~ - -shy --

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c D -

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i

D-

C C JW = ~c

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r--LLL u -shy -

~~~~~~~

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Ci shy

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LL-1 ~ A -

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ii ~ ii u JI iJ7i-LiJ ~ ~ - r- i II - ~ - - gt- i f~ -

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G -~ i-

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w gt- G e J-IS f- gt- OJ G~ cc - - ~

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F -d J

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-

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r

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----

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LL

L1 u -

= ~ QJ

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-

)LLW) LL ~

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shycr r~

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Q

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LL u

wi LL -

shyf-2W un --shy

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W+ =shy W

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T-

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U~_---------shy 2

Ck =CT

c -

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f = -

0-

~

c c

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shy-shy

cshy

shy

= W - ~ W-

LL

~ -shy _LL ~ -

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J---~ ~-shy--

c T

crCC

shy - -Qshy

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CCD

= =~=LL LL

shy

~--~--~-~-shy== C~

- = cshy~shy

Cj

D [-

LL gt1- c shy ~

shy L - U shy shy -~ --

I-shy cshy-CJ -

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f-LlJ

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TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

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c Inshy

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Q LLlC JLL

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shy

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fshyc-

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rr

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=7

(j C c] e~

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ishy D j

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I

co

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-

In

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C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

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CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

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CQ f

~ (T- c

cr co

CQ CQ

-co-

flt1 co

D D fshy f f= ~ ~s~

- - CJ-CQm r CO

U is)i-

- f COCO

CCshy fr shy crco

shyr

r U~ co f

u

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D iD

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CD co CD co OJ

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coco

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Q C]

co 0 CO co

In rJ cow

In co

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~~ ~~ ~6 ~j gg

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1 = CD co

-D mm

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CTi -J ~ shy f- r- D

~ -

~

D ~ J U~ CT CO co

= co

f C co f- CD r-

D CD

co r-

Cj r-

I ill

f-W W LL

G) IS)

D G-f u f

- 0 cr- 0 r lL

D fshy

ill

U-i lCi I

J u

~ i D u

W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

-

--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

ill u fshy

-

CI jr

-D -)

J (j

c

---- shy --shy -- -shy

-ill

J C 1 --- J- CO DC ID - C1CC]CJ

co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

- T ~ ~-g

0 -0 03

W

B lJ~IV f-

Q LiJ D ~I -shy=rI CO UJ A

LLA DZ

I (FQf-WI

~2 ~lLi Ir

w c lLi -J OJ Ifshy

- f-W lLi LL

rshy~ ~

~ lLi

~ ~ fshyu f-

I ill A

~ QC]

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f-J

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IS ISI

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D CO

S)-

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D 3 LJf-

JD -lt

3 G In

[shy0

Ci C) J 9

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r~ co co

f~1 CO

CO

U~ I -1 ~

r~

In 0)

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fshyr 11

f1 tn cc

r~ 7shy0) CO cb

pJ CD

LJ ~

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co q c CO CO CO r- fshy

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fshyill LJ

IS) i~

1[1 ~ In cc co rshy

en D C- CO m

J

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0 = - GI rshy

fi fJ

-1 CJ

l1J r 3)

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In fshy

-1 Ci u

~

fshyn shy

r~1c CO [I

Cj -

LJ u ~ -shy

5 cIn

S) m

fshy

rshy

CT

D In 0 In fshy 1)

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co - is) ~

ill D iD -1 CO Jshyf- D

r~

C) fj

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--~-shyr OJ

C J) n i= C 7 1) - -j C Cj

g

-CO

f~1 OJ

CO

f-CD

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lr) r~1 fshy -

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CO Ii)

pJ CO

en rshy

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c C (j ID co 13)f~ ~ f ~ ~~G~A~ U~DCj f~i r~1 f~ i~

- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

c

csshyOJ C

D Cj S~[~~2

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~-

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m j) j) co D CCIF - - ( Cj ~H~~f ~ ~

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G ~~L~f~ g~ ~ f) ~-f ~~~ ~--- J [j

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c jC cn ~ 1

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c

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C 1) ] Jr CC

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C n i~ j n c r C J j Uc J Cj Cj ~ ~

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D iwi

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C -1UCIS) ~ r~ 1 If) r c= Z9fDJ ~~~~~ 4f~~~

i lic

~ g~ f~ ~ 1 ~~~ 1 ~ [) ~ ~ ) - ~ ~n i gnJ~-pJ CJ CJ ) [5 [2 ~ ~ ~

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co

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i

c - c f-shyw

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J J) ) IDshypj J lii r

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JC c 1 T = Cj- CCj

c)

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shy

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= =

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1)- 1)- JCj~

-j gt i~ ec IJ)

Cj f - 8 Z C

T D ~ C T

~

C

-- - D

cr ~ Cj --Cj C C] CO Lc r ~ t

CJ c Uc wc D~= ~~ 3 j ~ ~

- ~shy~---shywc JC D

LL

U I j ltS ~ ----

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() c = LJ ~

ccshyJ

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---1

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c

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CJ 1 1 U

C ~ ~ D - Cj CJ r~

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D C j cr J U- Lc wc j)

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TI~EIE Ceo FEDtjCiOn

GFI~I~= E[rIPD FCiOT OLUIIETIIFI [ [ilIHE [=[111 1 FllOr =TIIIIF TO ~) IIICH TiiF I I II~I file 1(111lt)

lJDH TOHiL H[ IGlnlFEETJ ~C1I11ICIIF3) 30 40 [1 60 70 80 gO 100 llC1 10 131] 14C) 150 16U 170 10 130 110

)2010 4 3 IJ 2 31-1 10 ) 1 13 76 SIII 105 11 133 1( 17) 1Ii 216 - I 1 13 c (12 6 21 32 44 iB ) )j 1IJJ 130 151 ] r- 200 =6 -_IC cB2 313 3(j J

r14 (oo 17 J )3 111 9 IDD 14 1401 177 07 23] 273 I] 3lri 3( 4 Ii 1 ) Ie 00lt 7Co e 16 11 23 57 deg 103 1 1 162 196 --- 271 313 -- 404 454 iOI itiO tj]7 li76

-71= 14 9 ) IDlj 131 lC 2CC 49 J -41 3I 4)1 51 371 (t 711 J

-cr20 1 36 co =9 13 163 20C J 31113 3ei 426 4) 562 63i 713 J5 [u 9U I 1If 0 0 - 1 43 10 I jO 19 )V1 CJ9 ) j 41 ) 1 j 1 C 1 771 Ii Jil 1CI 1177 11[1

I c24 -1 1- B6 129 1jB 235 )9 3C 445 j2F 617 12 813 19 lrI3 11iO 174 11VI 1531 76 21 11 1[1 151 210 - 1 131 53 61 (J C3 136 111131 1214 1353 I48 lC50 1809

--0 34 1 liP 1(f 44 321 40D 304 rn 21 Dr 973 1111 1)r 141U 1-il 171 191 III

30 39 1 13C D (1 371] 1)9 579 701] 830 969 1119 1277 1445 1622 lR08 2002 2205 2417 32 45 93 155 231 320 421 i3) 660 797 945 1105 1275 1456 1647 11348 2060 2282 2514 2755 34 5] 105 I 261 311 47C I I] 747 901 1069 1249 1441 1646 11362 2090 2329 2580 2842 3115

3f - 117 ISJ6 293 lor53) 67 =38 1012 1200 14CJ2 161 It)W U91 2346 ~Gl~) 23=J 3191 11 C) - 70)

) 63 131 219 43 597 -0 S35 I1d9 1339 1565 1131]6 2U62 2333 2618 2918 3232 3560 3902

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JI u 1(0 J 111[1 3 1 (12C 1 1I 13 3 1c1] 1)17 1 2i 2i 3 Ii 7 I r ~CI 111 1 11 44 =s 176 21 4deg bO) LlD3 liEU 12i9 1~20 1CD( 2 J [16 ~~rHJ ~~77i 3139 T~ J 43~)CI 1) ~J

gt46 13 113 4 1 tc J 1 1 1C I 16 C3 1J( cI C-r [I 6 313~I i I 1 1 C[I 1i ( I - [3 W 2HJ 3~5~ i~) - ~J~= 121( 1=[11 1813 21~iO 0512 ~l(J o3lU 371 LeoIJ-ltICo34 =il[ ~rIj I

7~iI) 111 -c =0 111 1[Ill] 1 1 1131 1~JC~I 05 72 119 ~5~j~ 4111i ~IC~ 111 11 CII -

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- 19 -

Table 8

Bias of conifer taper equations at various pointon the sample tree boles

REDWOOD DOUGLAS FIR

Equation top diameter Equation top diameter

00 50 80 00 50 80

Bias in Inches

Stump 13 01 -03 22 10 03

DBH -16 01 09 - 15 -03 05

-22 -20 -22 -20 -10 -10h17

30 17 03 25 07 10h33

30 -04 07 35 17 05h5

-06 -03 08 1 1 - 14 -00h67

-34 06 26 -54 -04 00hS5

top 00 00 00 00 00 00

h xx refers to a bole height equal to xx of total height

Positive table values indicate predictions are low

VII VOLUME EQUATION VERSUS TAPER BASED VOLUME ESTIMATES

The coefficients in Appendix A can be used to estimategross volume directly in standing trees The taper equashytions can also be used to obtain indirect estimates of grossvolume Essentially the taper equation is used to estimateinside bark diameters at the places on the tree bole whereit is to be bucked into lengths These lengths are thenscaled using predicted inside bark diameters and summed toestimate total volume Mathematical integration of thetaper function is impossible so this numerical technique isrequired

It should be emphasized that the taper equations weredeveloped to predict inside bark bole diameters not tree

- 20 shy

volume Hence their adequacy in volume estimation cannotbe judged by conventional statistics Regardless the folshylowing ad hoc comparisons were made

A Comparisons

Diameters total heights and scaled cubic volumes to afive inch top of the trees used in the taper analysis wereutilized for comparative purposes The coefficients fromthe appropriate total height-DEH cubic volume equation wereused to directly predict volumes to a five inch top forthese trees The total height taper equations (H isdefined as total height) have the greatest standard deviashytions and range in bias Consequently they were used forcomparative purposes as a measure of the worst that could bedone using taper equations to obtain volume estimatesThese taper equations were used to predict inside bark diamshyeters at one foot intervals on each tree from the stump to afive inch top Smalians formula was then used to computevolume of each segment which were then summed to give anindirect estimate of cubic volume The following statisticswere then computed for both redwood and Douglas fir

1 Aggregate percentage difference

2 Average percentage difference

3 Root mean square percent deviation (RMSPD) computedas

1

RMSPD = (Z((y - y)y)2n)21 1 1

where

y = volume estimated b~hvolume equation or taper 1 equation for the i sample tree

y1 = actual scaled volume of the ith sample tree

n = number of sample trees

These values are shown in Table 9 and are essentially a measure of how close predicted volumes are to actual scaled tree volumes used in the basic analysis As indicators of lack of bias average and aggregate percent differences should be close to zero The RMSPD value is essentially an approximation to the standard deviation expressed as a pershycent Comparisons of these values for the taper equation with those of the volume equation provides a measure of relative efficiency Judging from table 9 there appears to be no bias in volume prediction from the taper equations

- 21 shy

and RMSPD values are almost identical

Table 9

Comparative statistics for judging differences between volume equation and taper equation based volume estimates

Redwood Douglas fir

Average Aggregate RMSPD Average Aggregate RMSPD difference difference difference difference

---per cent---

Volume -8 8 153 1 -12 11 5 equation

Taper -2 19 15 1 2 11 112 equation

Positive percent differences indicate that the estimators are low compared to actual volumes

To provide a measure of relative compatability between volume equations and taper-based volume estimates ratios of estimates produced by both methods are shown for diameter and height classes of trees used in the taper analysis in tables 10 and 11 Except at the edges of the data set there is remarkable agreement between the estimators considshyering no attempt was made to condition the taper equations

B Evaluation

In the course of this taper analysis several items were noted which are possible areas for refinement

1 The taper equations are overall slightly low judging by the aggregate difference This is probshyably due to estimating dib rather than dib squared which is proportional to volume It is well known that the squared average of a sample is less than the average squared value unless all of the diameters are the same

2 The rather simple expression of the term f in the equation may not be totally adequate for describing taper differences between trees of different DBH and height

--

- 22 shy

3 The increases with height in the ratios of volume equations to taper based estimates is largely due tothe data set being used No significant trendsindicating a lack of fit were detected in a comparishyson of both volume equations and taper estimateswith actual scaled volumes For Douglas fir thedifference is more pronounced and apparently due toa small and somewhat lopsided distribution of thesample trees

We encourage the cooperators to review these taperequations prior to final publication

In summary volume equations produce simple and effishycient estimates of gro~s tree volume However taper equashytions can be used to produce similar estimates although theyare somewhat cumbersome Taper equations are necessary whenvolumes by logs in individual trees are desired

VIII VOLUME TABLES

While the volume equations presented rere are very useshyful for incorporation into inventory analysis programs many foresters will want some of these volume equations turned into table form The combinationsof speciesgroups (3) equation types (2) measurement units (3) and top diameters (4) would require 72 individual volume tables Wben one considers the possible range of form classes of interest the number of possible tables is even more formidable Since any individual would only be interested in a few of these tables no attempt is being made to publish all ofthese tables

However in Appendix C 50 inch merchantable top boardfoot cubic foot and cubic meter tables are given for eachof the two species Redwood and Douglas fir by DBH andtotal height A listing of the computer program used toproduce these tables is available from the authors

TABLE 10 Redwood -- Rat~os of volume equationto taper based estima s of cubic volume froma 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH andHeight classes of trees used in taper analysis

I D8H I

I I 1[I 20 30 -10 50 lr3

TOTAL HEI GHT

70 80 9~3

(FEET)

100 110 120 1313 140 150 160 1E1 1813 190 200

101 12 I I [ 16 I

109 102

97 105 107 101 101

1( 97

108 103

99

112 106 1 D3 103 1 1211 101

107 103 1 [11

102 1 ~j1 1 [10 1 DE1

11 I

1] I

2gt I 24 I i6 I

94

9)

1(

96

99 100

9 99

~H 99

97 93

97 99

100 100 100 99 1 [113 1[10 100 9~1 98

99 100 100 99 99

99 1 O~J 1 (10 1 CH] 99

99 100 100 100 11]0

S18

97

9B

99 9E1

96

97 97

94

2 I 30 I 32 I 34 I 31 I

9B 99

IDO 100

113D 100 1 Em 101 1 cn 1 [11 101 1~j2

1 (C

1 [11 1 [11 101 101 102 102 11212 103 103 103

100 101 102 102 103

100 100 1 I] 1 102 103

SI9 SIE

10D ~)9 1 [11 1 [1[1 101101 102 102

97

98

99 97

1 [I1

E I 40 I Q I 44 I ill I

1 05

106

1 04 1 04 1 03

106 1 07

105 106 106

1 O 1 pound11 1 03 103 104 104

1 r~16

1 00 101 101 1D4 1 D5

4 i[I 32 I 56

I ] ] I I

108 1 Ot

1[17

110 106

5= I 60 I

TABLE 11 Douglas fir Ratios of volume equation to taper based estimates of cubic volume from a 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH and Height classes of trees used in taper analysis

--

I DEH I

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60 7t3

TlJTRL HE IcHT

BO 90

(FEET)

100 110 120

-----------------------------------------------

130 140 150 160 170 181] 196 2130

1j I 12 I 11 I 11 I

86 95 99

n 99 95 92

99

94

1 04 102

97

106 103 1DO

105 1 D1

1 me 103 106

13 I 20 I 2 I 4 I ~C I

9D 93 92 ~30

17 1 00

96 9C

95 97

93 96

93 9)

1 01 1 00

99

9B

97

1 E14 1 05 102 103 101 102 100 1 [12

99 101

104 104 104 1135

1 04

1 1217

106 106

I 30 I 3 I 3[ I C I

-deg 94 97

99 1 00 1 00

99 100

1 04 102 1 I) 1 ll4 101 102

1 0~5 1 06 1 04 1 (16 11215 104 106

1 139 1m

3 I lD I 4 I 44 I 4C I

1 EJ3 104

104

106

4 I 5U I 52 I ~l I 1 I

1 07

5 T CO I

- 23 -

Literature Cited

Akima Hiroshi 1970 A new method of interpolation and smooth curve

fitting based on local procedures ESSA Research Laboratories Boulder Colorado

Baskerville GL1972 Use of logarithmic regression in the estimation

of plant biomass Can J For Res 2(1)49shy53

Bruce Donald Schumacher Francis Y1950 Forest mensuration 3ded xvii 483p

Johnson Floyd A1966 Bark factors for Douglas fir USDA Forest

Servo Res Paper PNW - 34 Pacific NorthwestFor and Rng Exp Sta Portland Ore 3p

Palley Marshall N1959 Board foot volume tables for young growth coashy

stal Redwood California Forestry and ForestProducts No 11 California AgriculturalExpt Station Berkeley California 5p

Wensel Lee C1971 Tree volume equations from measurements taken

with a Barr and Stroud optical dendrometerHilgardia 41(4)55-64

- 24 -

Appendix

CONIFER TREE VOLU~E EQUATIONS

This appendix contains tables of statistical summariesand coefficient estimates of conifer tree volume equationsEach table has six equation summaries three board foot andthree cubic foot each accessed by total height merchantableheight or height in 163 foot logs Stump height isassumed to be one foot and board foot volumes are based onScribner scale with a nominal scaling length of 16 feet witha 3 foot trim allowance Top diameters vary with eachtable Table A1 provides a quick reference guide to tablespecifications

(1) Types of Equations

Equations are of two types

a) D-H Diameter-height equationsb) D-H-GF Diameter-height-form class equations

The form of diameter height equations is indicated

in Fortran notation as

v = BO(DB1)(HB2)

which in regular mathematical notation isb b

V = b D 1H 20

Similarly the form class equations are in Fortrannotation

V = BO(DB1)(HB2)(GFBS)

which in standard notation is equivalent to

b b b V = b 0D 1H 2GF 3

- 25 shy

(2) Exponential Notation

The coefficient estimates are given to 4 signishyficant digits in exponential notation As examples

5639E-03 = 5639x10-3 = 0005639

25639E+02= 5639x10 = 5639

(3) Standard Deviations

a) Logarithmic (LN UNITS) - Standard deviations ofresiduals are reported in natural logarithmic (baseIe) units

b) Normal Units (PERCENT) - Standard deviations arealso reported as a percentage of predicted volumesThis value is also the coefficient of variation

(4) Adjustment for Logarithmic Bias (LN BIAS)

This value is a multiplicative adjustment usushyally negligable that can be used to correct thevolume equations for any inherent bias resulting from the logarithmic transformations in the equation fitting process

(5) Percent Average Deviation (AVE DEV PERCENT)

This value is the average percent deviation ofactual versus predicted values of the sample used infitting the respective equation

(6) Percent Aggregate Difference (AGG DIFF PERCENT)

This value is the percent difference of thetotal actual volume of sample trees versuspredicted Negative values indicate the equationsare low positive values indicate the equations arehigh

---------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------

- 26 -

Quick Reference

TABLE A1

Guide to Conifer Volume Equations

Table No Species Top

Volume

dLb

to

(inches) Equation Type

1 Redwood 8 2 Redwood 8 3 Redwood 7 4 Redwood 7 5 Redwood 6 6 Redwood 6 7 Redwood 5 8 Redwood 5 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas FirWhitewoods

8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 8

18 Whitewoods 8 19 Whitewoods 7 20 Whitewoods 7 21 Whitewoods 6 22 Whitewoods 6 23 Whitewoods 5 24 Whitewoods 5

D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF

T(jDLE 1 GFDS=vCiLUr-IE T(iEIU~ FOP REDLJDDD TPE ~D--H +++gt1lt++gtltfgtIltgtIlt+lt++ ltltlt1ltgt1lt+++gt1gt1laquo1+ltIlt+-JltgtIlt+lgtflt1ltf lt1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt (lII[LI= 17F EI47

10 FDCT STU~PTD 8D IHCHES TDR DIB

EOUATIDH Y = BOID~Dl) II-1B2) IJII[rE

D=DIAM[T[F DUTSIDE BRPK RT 45 FEI=1

H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE DELDW--

E[IIIRD FOOT yoLUMES--STATISTICRL SUllll(IF

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en en -

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uLL cJ

U co

u

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CL L c

CL

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C Q - ~-----shy

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TABLE 3 GROSS ~JLUME n~BLES FOR REDWOOD iF[oD11 gt1ltgt1ltgt1gt1lt gt1lt gt1gt1lt gt1ltgt1 gt1ltfgtIltjlt jlt jlt gt1lt gt1yojgtIlt gt1 gt1lt1ltgt1+ +gt1ltgt1lt y gt1lt gt1lt gt1lt1lt gtlt1lt+ I 1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt gt1++O+gtIlty ~nrJIL[ 11 C

10 FOOT STUMP TIJ 70 IHCHES TOP D IB

EQUATION V = BO(Di~Bl)(HB2) LHIEPE

D=DIn~TER OUTSIDE BnRK nT 45 FEEl H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOArD FOOT VCiLUMES--STnTISTICAL ~ U r-111n F~

I I I I -- - I - I 1 1 1 1 I rnIIDfIPD I ~TIIIIDFIFD I I LJJ I FIE 1 AIC 1 I 1 I

H=TOTRl HEICHT

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DE I ATI 011 I (UJ LHIIT) I

I 204 I

DE I FIl I [111

( RErCEHT)

~2 ( 1

I I I I

PgtI+2

962

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15825

1 II I FF I (REf~CEIIT) 1----I 261

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1 1--------I 1012 I 12064 I- - I I I I - - -- - - I --

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TnBLE 7 GrOSS VOLUME TABLES FOr rEDWOOD TITI=II-II ~jIltiltIfIIltlt+AltIltjIltII1Iltjfjlt+V++hgtllt+Ijlt+f+j1lt+jltVgtf+fjltj++yengtf FIIHLE IZL 9DO

10 FOOT ~3TlHlr= TO 50] tICHE~3 TOP D I Ei

FeUrn] CHJ = BI] (lHB 1) (HKfB2) IHIErE

D=DIAMETLR OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IH FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BiJHFDFOOT VOLUMES--STHTISTICAL SUIlIlftl] ] 1-------- I I I 1 1 1 11 ~T(jHDIlfD I ~3T(III D FIr]) I I Uj I IIE I AGC I 1 1 ]] ])EI] AT 011 ] DEI AT] ON I RfK2 I B]n~= ] DE I D]FF ] B0 I 81 I 82 ]] (LH UII IT~) 1 ( FEF~CEtIT) I I I (PEfCEIITI I (1r~FIEljT) 1 I I 1] ] I 1 1-------- I -- shy on- - -- 1 ----- I 1 I

H=TOT(1L HEIGHT ] 2H 1 41D I 971 ] 1024 1 16800 ] --2 0~19 ] 1J3 j E - U3 I 0 21 [+0 1 I 1 1[-I U 1 T

] ]------- I -- --_- ] - - -- - ] - - - - ---- I ] [ --1-- I

] I I 1 1----- ] 1 [ 1 ---1H=IIEICHHE] CHT I 1[j I 1849 I 982 ] 1015 I 13243 I 1 -37 I 23[111 -1]2 I HSI4[+O 1 I 1~)16L +U 11

H=LOG HE]11-1-1 I 1 ] 1 I I I 12~EHIO] 1694E+0 11 1[516E+0 II] - _- - - -- I I 1 ]----- I 1 ] 1 I

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMFS--STATISTICAL SUr1f1HP(1 --- I 1 - 1 ] I---- ] 1-- ] 1

1 I)E]I1TIDII I DEIHTIOtl I PI+2 I 13]It3 I DE I DIfF I 80 I Bl ] B +] (LH Utl ITS) I (PEPCEtIT) I I I ( PEPCEIIT) I (PEFCEtH) I ] I ]1 ---------- I I ] -- I I I -- -- ---- I - I J

I ~TAtmnPD I ~=TntjDnPD ] I UJ I FIiE I Her I I I I

H=TOTAL HEICHT ] 149 I 1609 I 979 1 1 011 I 11 709 I 25 I 903[-C3 I 1792E+0 1 I 121EIIJ 1 I1 1--------- I ] 1-------- I I - I T I

H=11EPCH HE 1CHT I 132 I 141( I 984 I 1009 I 10327 I 2603 I 5[10~JEm021 I596E+fl I 10CE+C11 J1 1---- I I I-- I 1 ] 1 1

H=LOG HEI GI-n ] I I I I I I 967CE-01 ]15[+011 1(1(DE+Ol1] ]---- ] 1 ]-- ] ] 1 1 1

--

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LlJ~ -1 cJtr-- =uCt 5

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f- 0 -C) D l- = -1 ii Ii ii

r r

l~BLE 9 cross VOLUME TRBLES FOR DOUGLRS FIR 11 r~1)- H

gtIlt+fgtt-++gtIltjlt+lctfgtjgtjjgtII++++IltffIltIIltf++YIltgtIlt -ltfllllLE~3I L no 10 FOOT Sl~MP TO 80 INCHES TOP D IB

EDURTIDrl 130(IlfgtfD I ) UIB2) IJHEPE

D=DIRM~TER OUTSIDE BRRK AT 45 FEET 11=HE ] CI-Ilshy ] 11 FEET DF~ tILlf1EiEf~~ DI L[lC~=---~=[E BELDLJ--

BorWD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL 3L1f--1rlAR ] 1 1---- I I 1---_----shy 1 1- 1 1 1 I

STANDARD 1 Sl~NDARD 1 DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2

1 LJJ I I B If1S I

rIF DE

I 1IGLi 1 DIFF

I 1 J ] I 80 I 81 1 82 1

I (Ul LlHIr) I (PERCErn) I 1 I (PERCEtIT) 1 (P[PCEtrn II I 1 1 1- I --- -- 1 1- ----shy ) 1 1 1

H=TOTf4L HEIGHT I 154 11670 1 967 1 1012 1 11681 1 -1153 I 1Opound9E-[12 I I 793E+0 II lCU9[+U 1 I 1 1 1shy ] 1 1------ I ----- - - - ---] shy - -I I ---

I-I=IIEFCH I-IEI CHr I ID 1 II 13 1 984 I 1006 1 E213 1 1 29~ilE-O 11 IJ2~IE+O II 11iEICilI1236

1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 --H=LOG I-IEICHT 1 1 1 1 1 I I 79CI2[HII] 1 152(jf~H] 1 1 II7[ICll1

1 1 1 1 1 1 I ---- -- - --- I shy - I- - --- - [ ------

CLIEIC FOOT VOLUMES--STRTISTICAL ~ U flrl14 P

1 1 1---shy 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1 J =TmID~IRD I STIIIJDbIPD 1 I Ll1 1 fl[ I AGG 1 ] [ I 1 DElbITIOll I DE 1 biT 1 ON 1 f(++2 I Ellfl~ I DE 1 DlfF I 80 1 81 1 B2 I I (LH lJtjIF) 1 (PERCEIIT) 1 1 1 (PERCEIIT) 1 (PERCENT) 1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] I I - - ---1 - - 1 --_ 1 -- - --- - _shy I ---

H=TOTIL H[IGHT I 13 I 1 14[15 I 971 I 1009 1 9t19 1 - R3C I I [l4l--0I I 703EH] II 1379E+0 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I 1 - 1

1-1=III~fCH HIICIIT 1 D~II 1 ~I 4= 1 986 ] 1004 1 6 7~i 1 91~ ] 121I[-D] IclSE+II] 11111[1111I 1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

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D

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- I l 1 J I i J CL 1e I - I I = ~ I

= I I J I I = I~a~ f-il U~--~~~~~---~~ U~~~~~ I lJJ

n -+ e CD GG J -w

II I- - fshy ~ ~w~t

~- u ~ -wgtw

cr)

L JgtW

LU - -gtWU j - gtLUU crr--~ il U~ II lt= CL i U~ II lt= il

we W I p] (i ~ LU 0) w l- CLI~ r- CL tt s ~ t- II I II

Sf 1

-(I [2tij I-U~~~~

I ~~~~~

I-CI~~~~

= LL I D I

c- - cn u U~ co r- I In ~ ~ ~ il~ z c ~ I G z G D I =~ - shyef= w - CD - A -- ~ ~ ~ Di

3~ - ~~ ~ ~ I i ~ J -D C J I I

C I ~ gt gt I i -- ~~~~~ ~ ~ ~- ~---~-~-shyf- T - ~ f- Ishy

~ - -iI

-- DD

OJh- ~ f-u LL C) shy-- CT

7- L =w lt= I ~ il I il

-~ - I W D

w~~~~-~~~~~~ r--

T ~

QDfshy -- crf-W = lt=I U CO Z~il IIgt W r- r i-WCL U~ lt= ~

~~-~~-~

J 1 z U~Ilt=Dishylil~~ 1 ~I G i- z (1 pjI lt=II gtI z ~I IIgtZII-LU I cn lt= -

I

Ishyr fJ -- ishy

lJJ LJ r

-shyI I- D iJ D I- L- II II II

r r r

~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~

~

~

-

LlJ I

--

~ ~ shy H

~

-~ ~

-- H c--shy

c-

shy -~ ~ ~~ -~~~~ HH~iHH_~~

+

i --

C i cr

- i

~~~~shy -~ ~ H

- 0~

-= C- LL w Lj

c -

0 0

CTi

lt-f ILshy

~ shy

LL W

-

G -10

-shy

- - - iT

w~ j iLL LL n cr

= -S2

LL = shyi

LL ~

- I - 2

u~ +

~2shy

-LL LL

~

L

DCP LL CC rshy

~

C--2W I H

HH~_~_~shy

(C LJ i~i

un U~ c ~- H

LL+W G

- U~ Cj - -shy ~ - C ~ r~i

L ~~ = shy - ~ ~ -~ u l--

LlJ - - W

w r 9i

---CL

- --li

-1+ 22J~~ ~~~~~

- - shygt + C shy -

~ - -- - -

- -

i- ~ -shy -shy

CL ~ J gt

--3 7-

J ~shy ~~~~~ - -shy --

-shy

c D -

+LL ~+

~ ~ -

f-LL I 2

~j c

i

D-

C C JW = ~c

~ ~ LL c ---~ - r- cc - -

~~~_H~~H

- - ~

r--LLL u -shy -

~~~~~~~

QS~-

Ci shy

-- U - +

J ---

LL-1 ~ A -

fshy -shy

- -LlJ -

shy~

J

I u jshy -i- ishy

u II

D

- ~ ~ - shy~~~--

-~lJJ w

- - C

-- - cj

~~ ~ ~ ~ shy

~ +LL uJ -shy

-- OJ shy

~ ~

~~~-~ ~--~--C2

ilJ LiJ lJJ-G rshyiei-

lJJ OJ CO -

OJ u~ cr

- - i-- -shyiJ7ishy ~ ~ ~ ~

-

-C- if-i fshy

~ lJJcn ~ co

L7 CJiJLiJ - l iJ lJJlJJ tJ

LLJ~ ~- CJ -- -J - 15 iJU

IS - Q~T ~ c - C =wshy -C- --- w - - -- U~

~ gt- = - IT - shy- - shy~ -

i- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ iI ~ iJf- C] i

ii ~ ii u JI iJ7i-LiJ ~ ~ - r- i II - ~ - - gt- i f~ -

-

G -~ i-

f- ~ lJJuJ f- ~~(J -

c

wi- f-~ c C) IS Q iI Q Q

lJJD LiJ i

OJ - gt- fshyT~ ~ ~f- I

_~i lJJ= In ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ r- -- cn~~~~~ U~~~~

- iJ

-~ V c- - cr - I

--C~ ~ ----

C] = I

w gt- G e J-IS f- gt- OJ G~ cc - - ~

- -

-i

-~~~~shy~LiJ~ef- gtshy

-7-0 f- -- j -i -- uJ Ci]

ilS ec ~ c

~f-

7- --i - -

LJJ - -- Q ~

lJJ IS

Gcc ~~-~shyf-

f- -[L ~

[shy~ -

3c~-

-- gt- j

-~ -

Q ISshyiJ~ ~

i-- r- -- Cf

Q = =-IS-gtshy

~ shy

f- fshy

--shyu

w lJJ

-J -- --

r- ~- shy

F -d J

IiI

----~_r-~shy~ - - i = I i C i

-- [

-

D ~i~- shy

- ~- r- r-shy ~ shy - ~ ~ shy - -~ ~ - ~

--- ~

-

=shy- - W

shy ishy

r

~-~-shy ----~ ~ --

shy

Cj

SJ +

W shycr CT i- -- -

~

0 D -Lu

~--~~-shy-

J

- ~shy

[shy

W C -- r-

-In cr u cI

Lu W D [ Cj C co U

----

-~----

LL

L1 u -

= ~ QJ

LU U~ U ) LL = cshy

-

)LLW) LL ~

~ - -Q

shycr r~

J C shy-

Q

~ ~ - ~ LL CC r-

LL u

wi LL -

shyf-2W un --shy

-

---i

j C[ WI -~-LL LL

- - --~

W+ =shy W

-

T-

- U~

Q-W J ~ shy~ cshy

~G~- LL LL

-cshy 5~= I

fshy-shy

-CL

c co shy

] U~

U~_---------shy 2

Ck =CT

c -

- ~ rshy rshy

~Gamp

f = -

0-

~

c c

- -----------~ W ) LL

- -- +

shy-shy

cshy

shy

= W - ~ W-

LL

~ -shy _LL ~ -

- Cj

shy ~

J---~ ~-shy--

c T

crCC

shy - -Qshy

shy - shy - - v

CCD

= =~=LL LL

shy

~--~--~-~-shy== C~

- = cshy~shy

Cj

D [-

LL gt1- c shy ~

shy L - U shy shy -~ --

I-shy cshy-CJ -

Lu I

)U I

Lu-- -U iL 1

f-LlJ

- iitI

I-- I

TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

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c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

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C]D D ~~-

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J I

f

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c Cj-

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[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

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L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

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f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

C]s CO Lt j ~

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C] -

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C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

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LLi

shy

uJ

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fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

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cr fr

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=7

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J - D In

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I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

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C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

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fC deg]

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CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

is iJ Cj

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CQ f

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cr co

CQ CQ

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flt1 co

D D fshy f f= ~ ~s~

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U is)i-

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CCshy fr shy crco

shyr

r U~ co f

u

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D iD

S) in-

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coco

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1 = CD co

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= co

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co r-

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I ill

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G) IS)

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ill

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J u

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W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

-

--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

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CI jr

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---- shy --shy -- -shy

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co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

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LLA DZ

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- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

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GFI~I~= E[rIPD FCiOT OLUIIETIIFI [ [ilIHE [=[111 1 FllOr =TIIIIF TO ~) IIICH TiiF I I II~I file 1(111lt)

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[iPCI~CLIFIC I-[lOT lOLUIn rnHIE~LUME rROM 1 FOOT STIJMP TO 5 INCH TOP ( 11131Dr uriiIlt)

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114 4 11 15 19 ~4 29 34 39 ~t_ 51 -~16 5 3 1 lC n 2~ 35 42 49 ~i6 to

c 0010 6 10 16 LL 55 43 50 ~j9 b 6

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34 16 29 43 f~D 7 96 11 130 161 IB~i ltU9 c 1036 17 - 1 47 65 1 lOb LJ J - 1f 20

C 1 ~12 1 1~5 165 1SJ2 2U3 19 34 131

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- 20 shy

volume Hence their adequacy in volume estimation cannotbe judged by conventional statistics Regardless the folshylowing ad hoc comparisons were made

A Comparisons

Diameters total heights and scaled cubic volumes to afive inch top of the trees used in the taper analysis wereutilized for comparative purposes The coefficients fromthe appropriate total height-DEH cubic volume equation wereused to directly predict volumes to a five inch top forthese trees The total height taper equations (H isdefined as total height) have the greatest standard deviashytions and range in bias Consequently they were used forcomparative purposes as a measure of the worst that could bedone using taper equations to obtain volume estimatesThese taper equations were used to predict inside bark diamshyeters at one foot intervals on each tree from the stump to afive inch top Smalians formula was then used to computevolume of each segment which were then summed to give anindirect estimate of cubic volume The following statisticswere then computed for both redwood and Douglas fir

1 Aggregate percentage difference

2 Average percentage difference

3 Root mean square percent deviation (RMSPD) computedas

1

RMSPD = (Z((y - y)y)2n)21 1 1

where

y = volume estimated b~hvolume equation or taper 1 equation for the i sample tree

y1 = actual scaled volume of the ith sample tree

n = number of sample trees

These values are shown in Table 9 and are essentially a measure of how close predicted volumes are to actual scaled tree volumes used in the basic analysis As indicators of lack of bias average and aggregate percent differences should be close to zero The RMSPD value is essentially an approximation to the standard deviation expressed as a pershycent Comparisons of these values for the taper equation with those of the volume equation provides a measure of relative efficiency Judging from table 9 there appears to be no bias in volume prediction from the taper equations

- 21 shy

and RMSPD values are almost identical

Table 9

Comparative statistics for judging differences between volume equation and taper equation based volume estimates

Redwood Douglas fir

Average Aggregate RMSPD Average Aggregate RMSPD difference difference difference difference

---per cent---

Volume -8 8 153 1 -12 11 5 equation

Taper -2 19 15 1 2 11 112 equation

Positive percent differences indicate that the estimators are low compared to actual volumes

To provide a measure of relative compatability between volume equations and taper-based volume estimates ratios of estimates produced by both methods are shown for diameter and height classes of trees used in the taper analysis in tables 10 and 11 Except at the edges of the data set there is remarkable agreement between the estimators considshyering no attempt was made to condition the taper equations

B Evaluation

In the course of this taper analysis several items were noted which are possible areas for refinement

1 The taper equations are overall slightly low judging by the aggregate difference This is probshyably due to estimating dib rather than dib squared which is proportional to volume It is well known that the squared average of a sample is less than the average squared value unless all of the diameters are the same

2 The rather simple expression of the term f in the equation may not be totally adequate for describing taper differences between trees of different DBH and height

--

- 22 shy

3 The increases with height in the ratios of volume equations to taper based estimates is largely due tothe data set being used No significant trendsindicating a lack of fit were detected in a comparishyson of both volume equations and taper estimateswith actual scaled volumes For Douglas fir thedifference is more pronounced and apparently due toa small and somewhat lopsided distribution of thesample trees

We encourage the cooperators to review these taperequations prior to final publication

In summary volume equations produce simple and effishycient estimates of gro~s tree volume However taper equashytions can be used to produce similar estimates although theyare somewhat cumbersome Taper equations are necessary whenvolumes by logs in individual trees are desired

VIII VOLUME TABLES

While the volume equations presented rere are very useshyful for incorporation into inventory analysis programs many foresters will want some of these volume equations turned into table form The combinationsof speciesgroups (3) equation types (2) measurement units (3) and top diameters (4) would require 72 individual volume tables Wben one considers the possible range of form classes of interest the number of possible tables is even more formidable Since any individual would only be interested in a few of these tables no attempt is being made to publish all ofthese tables

However in Appendix C 50 inch merchantable top boardfoot cubic foot and cubic meter tables are given for eachof the two species Redwood and Douglas fir by DBH andtotal height A listing of the computer program used toproduce these tables is available from the authors

TABLE 10 Redwood -- Rat~os of volume equationto taper based estima s of cubic volume froma 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH andHeight classes of trees used in taper analysis

I D8H I

I I 1[I 20 30 -10 50 lr3

TOTAL HEI GHT

70 80 9~3

(FEET)

100 110 120 1313 140 150 160 1E1 1813 190 200

101 12 I I [ 16 I

109 102

97 105 107 101 101

1( 97

108 103

99

112 106 1 D3 103 1 1211 101

107 103 1 [11

102 1 ~j1 1 [10 1 DE1

11 I

1] I

2gt I 24 I i6 I

94

9)

1(

96

99 100

9 99

~H 99

97 93

97 99

100 100 100 99 1 [113 1[10 100 9~1 98

99 100 100 99 99

99 1 O~J 1 (10 1 CH] 99

99 100 100 100 11]0

S18

97

9B

99 9E1

96

97 97

94

2 I 30 I 32 I 34 I 31 I

9B 99

IDO 100

113D 100 1 Em 101 1 cn 1 [11 101 1~j2

1 (C

1 [11 1 [11 101 101 102 102 11212 103 103 103

100 101 102 102 103

100 100 1 I] 1 102 103

SI9 SIE

10D ~)9 1 [11 1 [1[1 101101 102 102

97

98

99 97

1 [I1

E I 40 I Q I 44 I ill I

1 05

106

1 04 1 04 1 03

106 1 07

105 106 106

1 O 1 pound11 1 03 103 104 104

1 r~16

1 00 101 101 1D4 1 D5

4 i[I 32 I 56

I ] ] I I

108 1 Ot

1[17

110 106

5= I 60 I

TABLE 11 Douglas fir Ratios of volume equation to taper based estimates of cubic volume from a 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH and Height classes of trees used in taper analysis

--

I DEH I

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60 7t3

TlJTRL HE IcHT

BO 90

(FEET)

100 110 120

-----------------------------------------------

130 140 150 160 170 181] 196 2130

1j I 12 I 11 I 11 I

86 95 99

n 99 95 92

99

94

1 04 102

97

106 103 1DO

105 1 D1

1 me 103 106

13 I 20 I 2 I 4 I ~C I

9D 93 92 ~30

17 1 00

96 9C

95 97

93 96

93 9)

1 01 1 00

99

9B

97

1 E14 1 05 102 103 101 102 100 1 [12

99 101

104 104 104 1135

1 04

1 1217

106 106

I 30 I 3 I 3[ I C I

-deg 94 97

99 1 00 1 00

99 100

1 04 102 1 I) 1 ll4 101 102

1 0~5 1 06 1 04 1 (16 11215 104 106

1 139 1m

3 I lD I 4 I 44 I 4C I

1 EJ3 104

104

106

4 I 5U I 52 I ~l I 1 I

1 07

5 T CO I

- 23 -

Literature Cited

Akima Hiroshi 1970 A new method of interpolation and smooth curve

fitting based on local procedures ESSA Research Laboratories Boulder Colorado

Baskerville GL1972 Use of logarithmic regression in the estimation

of plant biomass Can J For Res 2(1)49shy53

Bruce Donald Schumacher Francis Y1950 Forest mensuration 3ded xvii 483p

Johnson Floyd A1966 Bark factors for Douglas fir USDA Forest

Servo Res Paper PNW - 34 Pacific NorthwestFor and Rng Exp Sta Portland Ore 3p

Palley Marshall N1959 Board foot volume tables for young growth coashy

stal Redwood California Forestry and ForestProducts No 11 California AgriculturalExpt Station Berkeley California 5p

Wensel Lee C1971 Tree volume equations from measurements taken

with a Barr and Stroud optical dendrometerHilgardia 41(4)55-64

- 24 -

Appendix

CONIFER TREE VOLU~E EQUATIONS

This appendix contains tables of statistical summariesand coefficient estimates of conifer tree volume equationsEach table has six equation summaries three board foot andthree cubic foot each accessed by total height merchantableheight or height in 163 foot logs Stump height isassumed to be one foot and board foot volumes are based onScribner scale with a nominal scaling length of 16 feet witha 3 foot trim allowance Top diameters vary with eachtable Table A1 provides a quick reference guide to tablespecifications

(1) Types of Equations

Equations are of two types

a) D-H Diameter-height equationsb) D-H-GF Diameter-height-form class equations

The form of diameter height equations is indicated

in Fortran notation as

v = BO(DB1)(HB2)

which in regular mathematical notation isb b

V = b D 1H 20

Similarly the form class equations are in Fortrannotation

V = BO(DB1)(HB2)(GFBS)

which in standard notation is equivalent to

b b b V = b 0D 1H 2GF 3

- 25 shy

(2) Exponential Notation

The coefficient estimates are given to 4 signishyficant digits in exponential notation As examples

5639E-03 = 5639x10-3 = 0005639

25639E+02= 5639x10 = 5639

(3) Standard Deviations

a) Logarithmic (LN UNITS) - Standard deviations ofresiduals are reported in natural logarithmic (baseIe) units

b) Normal Units (PERCENT) - Standard deviations arealso reported as a percentage of predicted volumesThis value is also the coefficient of variation

(4) Adjustment for Logarithmic Bias (LN BIAS)

This value is a multiplicative adjustment usushyally negligable that can be used to correct thevolume equations for any inherent bias resulting from the logarithmic transformations in the equation fitting process

(5) Percent Average Deviation (AVE DEV PERCENT)

This value is the average percent deviation ofactual versus predicted values of the sample used infitting the respective equation

(6) Percent Aggregate Difference (AGG DIFF PERCENT)

This value is the percent difference of thetotal actual volume of sample trees versuspredicted Negative values indicate the equationsare low positive values indicate the equations arehigh

---------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------

- 26 -

Quick Reference

TABLE A1

Guide to Conifer Volume Equations

Table No Species Top

Volume

dLb

to

(inches) Equation Type

1 Redwood 8 2 Redwood 8 3 Redwood 7 4 Redwood 7 5 Redwood 6 6 Redwood 6 7 Redwood 5 8 Redwood 5 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas FirWhitewoods

8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 8

18 Whitewoods 8 19 Whitewoods 7 20 Whitewoods 7 21 Whitewoods 6 22 Whitewoods 6 23 Whitewoods 5 24 Whitewoods 5

D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF

T(jDLE 1 GFDS=vCiLUr-IE T(iEIU~ FOP REDLJDDD TPE ~D--H +++gt1lt++gtltfgtIltgtIlt+lt++ ltltlt1ltgt1lt+++gt1gt1laquo1+ltIlt+-JltgtIlt+lgtflt1ltf lt1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt (lII[LI= 17F EI47

10 FDCT STU~PTD 8D IHCHES TDR DIB

EOUATIDH Y = BOID~Dl) II-1B2) IJII[rE

D=DIAM[T[F DUTSIDE BRPK RT 45 FEI=1

H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE DELDW--

E[IIIRD FOOT yoLUMES--STATISTICRL SUllll(IF

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I

TABLE 3 GROSS ~JLUME n~BLES FOR REDWOOD iF[oD11 gt1ltgt1ltgt1gt1lt gt1lt gt1gt1lt gt1ltgt1 gt1ltfgtIltjlt jlt jlt gt1lt gt1yojgtIlt gt1 gt1lt1ltgt1+ +gt1ltgt1lt y gt1lt gt1lt gt1lt1lt gtlt1lt+ I 1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt gt1++O+gtIlty ~nrJIL[ 11 C

10 FOOT STUMP TIJ 70 IHCHES TOP D IB

EQUATION V = BO(Di~Bl)(HB2) LHIEPE

D=DIn~TER OUTSIDE BnRK nT 45 FEEl H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOArD FOOT VCiLUMES--STnTISTICAL ~ U r-111n F~

I I I I -- - I - I 1 1 1 1 I rnIIDfIPD I ~TIIIIDFIFD I I LJJ I FIE 1 AIC 1 I 1 I

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( RErCEHT)

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TnBLE 7 GrOSS VOLUME TABLES FOr rEDWOOD TITI=II-II ~jIltiltIfIIltlt+AltIltjIltII1Iltjfjlt+V++hgtllt+Ijlt+f+j1lt+jltVgtf+fjltj++yengtf FIIHLE IZL 9DO

10 FOOT ~3TlHlr= TO 50] tICHE~3 TOP D I Ei

FeUrn] CHJ = BI] (lHB 1) (HKfB2) IHIErE

D=DIAMETLR OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IH FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BiJHFDFOOT VOLUMES--STHTISTICAL SUIlIlftl] ] 1-------- I I I 1 1 1 11 ~T(jHDIlfD I ~3T(III D FIr]) I I Uj I IIE I AGC I 1 1 ]] ])EI] AT 011 ] DEI AT] ON I RfK2 I B]n~= ] DE I D]FF ] B0 I 81 I 82 ]] (LH UII IT~) 1 ( FEF~CEtIT) I I I (PEfCEIITI I (1r~FIEljT) 1 I I 1] ] I 1 1-------- I -- shy on- - -- 1 ----- I 1 I

H=TOT(1L HEIGHT ] 2H 1 41D I 971 ] 1024 1 16800 ] --2 0~19 ] 1J3 j E - U3 I 0 21 [+0 1 I 1 1[-I U 1 T

] ]------- I -- --_- ] - - -- - ] - - - - ---- I ] [ --1-- I

] I I 1 1----- ] 1 [ 1 ---1H=IIEICHHE] CHT I 1[j I 1849 I 982 ] 1015 I 13243 I 1 -37 I 23[111 -1]2 I HSI4[+O 1 I 1~)16L +U 11

H=LOG HE]11-1-1 I 1 ] 1 I I I 12~EHIO] 1694E+0 11 1[516E+0 II] - _- - - -- I I 1 ]----- I 1 ] 1 I

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMFS--STATISTICAL SUr1f1HP(1 --- I 1 - 1 ] I---- ] 1-- ] 1

1 I)E]I1TIDII I DEIHTIOtl I PI+2 I 13]It3 I DE I DIfF I 80 I Bl ] B +] (LH Utl ITS) I (PEPCEtIT) I I I ( PEPCEIIT) I (PEFCEtH) I ] I ]1 ---------- I I ] -- I I I -- -- ---- I - I J

I ~TAtmnPD I ~=TntjDnPD ] I UJ I FIiE I Her I I I I

H=TOTAL HEICHT ] 149 I 1609 I 979 1 1 011 I 11 709 I 25 I 903[-C3 I 1792E+0 1 I 121EIIJ 1 I1 1--------- I ] 1-------- I I - I T I

H=11EPCH HE 1CHT I 132 I 141( I 984 I 1009 I 10327 I 2603 I 5[10~JEm021 I596E+fl I 10CE+C11 J1 1---- I I I-- I 1 ] 1 1

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l~BLE 9 cross VOLUME TRBLES FOR DOUGLRS FIR 11 r~1)- H

gtIlt+fgtt-++gtIltjlt+lctfgtjgtjjgtII++++IltffIltIIltf++YIltgtIlt -ltfllllLE~3I L no 10 FOOT Sl~MP TO 80 INCHES TOP D IB

EDURTIDrl 130(IlfgtfD I ) UIB2) IJHEPE

D=DIRM~TER OUTSIDE BRRK AT 45 FEET 11=HE ] CI-Ilshy ] 11 FEET DF~ tILlf1EiEf~~ DI L[lC~=---~=[E BELDLJ--

BorWD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL 3L1f--1rlAR ] 1 1---- I I 1---_----shy 1 1- 1 1 1 I

STANDARD 1 Sl~NDARD 1 DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2

1 LJJ I I B If1S I

rIF DE

I 1IGLi 1 DIFF

I 1 J ] I 80 I 81 1 82 1

I (Ul LlHIr) I (PERCErn) I 1 I (PERCEtIT) 1 (P[PCEtrn II I 1 1 1- I --- -- 1 1- ----shy ) 1 1 1

H=TOTf4L HEIGHT I 154 11670 1 967 1 1012 1 11681 1 -1153 I 1Opound9E-[12 I I 793E+0 II lCU9[+U 1 I 1 1 1shy ] 1 1------ I ----- - - - ---] shy - -I I ---

I-I=IIEFCH I-IEI CHr I ID 1 II 13 1 984 I 1006 1 E213 1 1 29~ilE-O 11 IJ2~IE+O II 11iEICilI1236

1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 --H=LOG I-IEICHT 1 1 1 1 1 I I 79CI2[HII] 1 152(jf~H] 1 1 II7[ICll1

1 1 1 1 1 1 I ---- -- - --- I shy - I- - --- - [ ------

CLIEIC FOOT VOLUMES--STRTISTICAL ~ U flrl14 P

1 1 1---shy 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1 J =TmID~IRD I STIIIJDbIPD 1 I Ll1 1 fl[ I AGG 1 ] [ I 1 DElbITIOll I DE 1 biT 1 ON 1 f(++2 I Ellfl~ I DE 1 DlfF I 80 1 81 1 B2 I I (LH lJtjIF) 1 (PERCEIIT) 1 1 1 (PERCEIIT) 1 (PERCENT) 1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] I I - - ---1 - - 1 --_ 1 -- - --- - _shy I ---

H=TOTIL H[IGHT I 13 I 1 14[15 I 971 I 1009 1 9t19 1 - R3C I I [l4l--0I I 703EH] II 1379E+0 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I 1 - 1

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TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

- r~ Cj D CD In [c Cj Cj [r ~ Cj Cj -

c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

oJ ltj

C]D D ~~-

co fc Cj C In C]

J I

f

)f~ -

c Cj-

c Cj fr

~j

[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

~J CO (I flt - Cj-

L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

C]s CO Lt j ~

- C -

C] -

- ~

)-~ COD

C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

LL lt

LLi

shy

uJ

J

fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

- In fshy

- i--

cr fr

~ 7 s

=7

(j C c] e~

J - D In

ishy D j

1(1- u~ [r

- ~

I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

-

C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

fC deg]

-

I CO Q

~~gt-i~

C Cj Lt ~-- -

CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

is iJ Cj

- iJ co

CQ f

~ (T- c

cr co

CQ CQ

-co-

flt1 co

D D fshy f f= ~ ~s~

- - CJ-CQm r CO

U is)i-

- f COCO

CCshy fr shy crco

shyr

r U~ co f

u

eCi ltI

l5 =J D

D iD

S) in-

In1- ~ f)

CD co CD co OJ

J - co in co f

S) D cr -Jco co CO r shy

-0 CCm J fshy r- m fshy

coco

U ~ u

In lC U

J u

shyc iJ w ~

~

S)f~1

Q C]

co 0 CO co

In rJ cow

In co

- Cj cr S) co CO CD fshy co

~~ ~~ ~6 ~j gg

- -crCCshy co OJ co f r f

1 = CD co

-D mm

- D r~ CQ CO r

CTi -J ~ shy f- r- D

~ -

~

D ~ J U~ CT CO co

= co

f C co f- CD r-

D CD

co r-

Cj r-

I ill

f-W W LL

G) IS)

D G-f u f

- 0 cr- 0 r lL

D fshy

ill

U-i lCi I

J u

~ i D u

W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

-

--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

ill u fshy

-

CI jr

-D -)

J (j

c

---- shy --shy -- -shy

-ill

J C 1 --- J- CO DC ID - C1CC]CJ

co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

- T ~ ~-g

0 -0 03

W

B lJ~IV f-

Q LiJ D ~I -shy=rI CO UJ A

LLA DZ

I (FQf-WI

~2 ~lLi Ir

w c lLi -J OJ Ifshy

- f-W lLi LL

rshy~ ~

~ lLi

~ ~ fshyu f-

I ill A

~ QC]

Q I]

I CD

IS fshy

I~ D

f-J

Q In

CJ

Q 1

~ C~ pJ CJ p~

Q ~

3 Cltj

ISI C]

I~j

IS f~1

IS ISI

C]

- m

0

-J [-

CCj

e ID

C]

IS) In

i~

~

~

r~

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- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

c

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- 21 shy

and RMSPD values are almost identical

Table 9

Comparative statistics for judging differences between volume equation and taper equation based volume estimates

Redwood Douglas fir

Average Aggregate RMSPD Average Aggregate RMSPD difference difference difference difference

---per cent---

Volume -8 8 153 1 -12 11 5 equation

Taper -2 19 15 1 2 11 112 equation

Positive percent differences indicate that the estimators are low compared to actual volumes

To provide a measure of relative compatability between volume equations and taper-based volume estimates ratios of estimates produced by both methods are shown for diameter and height classes of trees used in the taper analysis in tables 10 and 11 Except at the edges of the data set there is remarkable agreement between the estimators considshyering no attempt was made to condition the taper equations

B Evaluation

In the course of this taper analysis several items were noted which are possible areas for refinement

1 The taper equations are overall slightly low judging by the aggregate difference This is probshyably due to estimating dib rather than dib squared which is proportional to volume It is well known that the squared average of a sample is less than the average squared value unless all of the diameters are the same

2 The rather simple expression of the term f in the equation may not be totally adequate for describing taper differences between trees of different DBH and height

--

- 22 shy

3 The increases with height in the ratios of volume equations to taper based estimates is largely due tothe data set being used No significant trendsindicating a lack of fit were detected in a comparishyson of both volume equations and taper estimateswith actual scaled volumes For Douglas fir thedifference is more pronounced and apparently due toa small and somewhat lopsided distribution of thesample trees

We encourage the cooperators to review these taperequations prior to final publication

In summary volume equations produce simple and effishycient estimates of gro~s tree volume However taper equashytions can be used to produce similar estimates although theyare somewhat cumbersome Taper equations are necessary whenvolumes by logs in individual trees are desired

VIII VOLUME TABLES

While the volume equations presented rere are very useshyful for incorporation into inventory analysis programs many foresters will want some of these volume equations turned into table form The combinationsof speciesgroups (3) equation types (2) measurement units (3) and top diameters (4) would require 72 individual volume tables Wben one considers the possible range of form classes of interest the number of possible tables is even more formidable Since any individual would only be interested in a few of these tables no attempt is being made to publish all ofthese tables

However in Appendix C 50 inch merchantable top boardfoot cubic foot and cubic meter tables are given for eachof the two species Redwood and Douglas fir by DBH andtotal height A listing of the computer program used toproduce these tables is available from the authors

TABLE 10 Redwood -- Rat~os of volume equationto taper based estima s of cubic volume froma 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH andHeight classes of trees used in taper analysis

I D8H I

I I 1[I 20 30 -10 50 lr3

TOTAL HEI GHT

70 80 9~3

(FEET)

100 110 120 1313 140 150 160 1E1 1813 190 200

101 12 I I [ 16 I

109 102

97 105 107 101 101

1( 97

108 103

99

112 106 1 D3 103 1 1211 101

107 103 1 [11

102 1 ~j1 1 [10 1 DE1

11 I

1] I

2gt I 24 I i6 I

94

9)

1(

96

99 100

9 99

~H 99

97 93

97 99

100 100 100 99 1 [113 1[10 100 9~1 98

99 100 100 99 99

99 1 O~J 1 (10 1 CH] 99

99 100 100 100 11]0

S18

97

9B

99 9E1

96

97 97

94

2 I 30 I 32 I 34 I 31 I

9B 99

IDO 100

113D 100 1 Em 101 1 cn 1 [11 101 1~j2

1 (C

1 [11 1 [11 101 101 102 102 11212 103 103 103

100 101 102 102 103

100 100 1 I] 1 102 103

SI9 SIE

10D ~)9 1 [11 1 [1[1 101101 102 102

97

98

99 97

1 [I1

E I 40 I Q I 44 I ill I

1 05

106

1 04 1 04 1 03

106 1 07

105 106 106

1 O 1 pound11 1 03 103 104 104

1 r~16

1 00 101 101 1D4 1 D5

4 i[I 32 I 56

I ] ] I I

108 1 Ot

1[17

110 106

5= I 60 I

TABLE 11 Douglas fir Ratios of volume equation to taper based estimates of cubic volume from a 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH and Height classes of trees used in taper analysis

--

I DEH I

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60 7t3

TlJTRL HE IcHT

BO 90

(FEET)

100 110 120

-----------------------------------------------

130 140 150 160 170 181] 196 2130

1j I 12 I 11 I 11 I

86 95 99

n 99 95 92

99

94

1 04 102

97

106 103 1DO

105 1 D1

1 me 103 106

13 I 20 I 2 I 4 I ~C I

9D 93 92 ~30

17 1 00

96 9C

95 97

93 96

93 9)

1 01 1 00

99

9B

97

1 E14 1 05 102 103 101 102 100 1 [12

99 101

104 104 104 1135

1 04

1 1217

106 106

I 30 I 3 I 3[ I C I

-deg 94 97

99 1 00 1 00

99 100

1 04 102 1 I) 1 ll4 101 102

1 0~5 1 06 1 04 1 (16 11215 104 106

1 139 1m

3 I lD I 4 I 44 I 4C I

1 EJ3 104

104

106

4 I 5U I 52 I ~l I 1 I

1 07

5 T CO I

- 23 -

Literature Cited

Akima Hiroshi 1970 A new method of interpolation and smooth curve

fitting based on local procedures ESSA Research Laboratories Boulder Colorado

Baskerville GL1972 Use of logarithmic regression in the estimation

of plant biomass Can J For Res 2(1)49shy53

Bruce Donald Schumacher Francis Y1950 Forest mensuration 3ded xvii 483p

Johnson Floyd A1966 Bark factors for Douglas fir USDA Forest

Servo Res Paper PNW - 34 Pacific NorthwestFor and Rng Exp Sta Portland Ore 3p

Palley Marshall N1959 Board foot volume tables for young growth coashy

stal Redwood California Forestry and ForestProducts No 11 California AgriculturalExpt Station Berkeley California 5p

Wensel Lee C1971 Tree volume equations from measurements taken

with a Barr and Stroud optical dendrometerHilgardia 41(4)55-64

- 24 -

Appendix

CONIFER TREE VOLU~E EQUATIONS

This appendix contains tables of statistical summariesand coefficient estimates of conifer tree volume equationsEach table has six equation summaries three board foot andthree cubic foot each accessed by total height merchantableheight or height in 163 foot logs Stump height isassumed to be one foot and board foot volumes are based onScribner scale with a nominal scaling length of 16 feet witha 3 foot trim allowance Top diameters vary with eachtable Table A1 provides a quick reference guide to tablespecifications

(1) Types of Equations

Equations are of two types

a) D-H Diameter-height equationsb) D-H-GF Diameter-height-form class equations

The form of diameter height equations is indicated

in Fortran notation as

v = BO(DB1)(HB2)

which in regular mathematical notation isb b

V = b D 1H 20

Similarly the form class equations are in Fortrannotation

V = BO(DB1)(HB2)(GFBS)

which in standard notation is equivalent to

b b b V = b 0D 1H 2GF 3

- 25 shy

(2) Exponential Notation

The coefficient estimates are given to 4 signishyficant digits in exponential notation As examples

5639E-03 = 5639x10-3 = 0005639

25639E+02= 5639x10 = 5639

(3) Standard Deviations

a) Logarithmic (LN UNITS) - Standard deviations ofresiduals are reported in natural logarithmic (baseIe) units

b) Normal Units (PERCENT) - Standard deviations arealso reported as a percentage of predicted volumesThis value is also the coefficient of variation

(4) Adjustment for Logarithmic Bias (LN BIAS)

This value is a multiplicative adjustment usushyally negligable that can be used to correct thevolume equations for any inherent bias resulting from the logarithmic transformations in the equation fitting process

(5) Percent Average Deviation (AVE DEV PERCENT)

This value is the average percent deviation ofactual versus predicted values of the sample used infitting the respective equation

(6) Percent Aggregate Difference (AGG DIFF PERCENT)

This value is the percent difference of thetotal actual volume of sample trees versuspredicted Negative values indicate the equationsare low positive values indicate the equations arehigh

---------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------

- 26 -

Quick Reference

TABLE A1

Guide to Conifer Volume Equations

Table No Species Top

Volume

dLb

to

(inches) Equation Type

1 Redwood 8 2 Redwood 8 3 Redwood 7 4 Redwood 7 5 Redwood 6 6 Redwood 6 7 Redwood 5 8 Redwood 5 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas FirWhitewoods

8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 8

18 Whitewoods 8 19 Whitewoods 7 20 Whitewoods 7 21 Whitewoods 6 22 Whitewoods 6 23 Whitewoods 5 24 Whitewoods 5

D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF

T(jDLE 1 GFDS=vCiLUr-IE T(iEIU~ FOP REDLJDDD TPE ~D--H +++gt1lt++gtltfgtIltgtIlt+lt++ ltltlt1ltgt1lt+++gt1gt1laquo1+ltIlt+-JltgtIlt+lgtflt1ltf lt1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt (lII[LI= 17F EI47

10 FDCT STU~PTD 8D IHCHES TDR DIB

EOUATIDH Y = BOID~Dl) II-1B2) IJII[rE

D=DIAM[T[F DUTSIDE BRPK RT 45 FEI=1

H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE DELDW--

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10 FOOT ~3TlHlr= TO 50] tICHE~3 TOP D I Ei

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uJ -D

jshy

~ shyj T -c

~I~W u

S~Ef- i==

U~~~gt--~-~~

I

- ~ Ci I

i- shy

- - U ~

~i-~ ~ shy ~

gt-shy

CD -

~ [ -

-gt W == lti

-~u

~ ill -

-5__H_shy

~ - == II shy

w+shy

- ~~~ gt--W I iL - -c=- -

-LL

f- gt-shy gt-shy~

u c _I

~ - -

-shy - T

c c~~gt--~~~~~~~~

-gt-shy --

cishygt-shy

i- W ltc ~- J_ [r

~ - gt-- ID

W CL 1- Q -

~ ~ gt-shy ~ H~~H~

C 1- - C i- I ugt--~ -- shy ~

- i Cj tS1 i

lt2 = --- ~

shy --1- W- - shy

~ ~ ~~

ishy

u - --L II

shy-

-shyw

-1 -- I

1shy I 0 W 0 ishy gt-shy -1 Ii II II

I I I

--

----

~~~-~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~

-- - --

~ ~ J - ~ -LJ WI

-

--

shy-

~~~~--~ __~H~~

)

JJ - shy

- - co G In

_H~_H - - - ~ ___HHH C]

- i +

JJ W W= 0 -shy - co

co i= I 0 h-In

w [~

~ ~c ~ - H ~ ~ --

- -- T shy~ CC w e~i CT CT

- I- w= ~ LL

3it (j -I ] 0ti=G

~ 0 = ~

lJJ gt-ltLL -1 = ~ CW

LL ~ CL CTD = ~

--7 - i ~t~ --QC co H - ~~ I H

ij ([ w - T - == -1 W+W sect = shy

---gt ~ - - T - CI LW 7

- -- u 5GG5GC shy-L 7c en -- Q 0--7~ - U~ = C7 w co

w ~ CJ ~D - CL ~- I

- 7 [- shy-1gt - ~ttJ CO~-shy5~ = LL

D II

-- U~ C] o~ L - - --

~ -- ~ -shy~

--- - UJ I --

I~ + - = ~ pgt ~~~_~H~~--~

~

shy D -shy

~ eel gt-lt-- --iL -w I C i

~7 = QC crJW -

w+ - = -- 0~

-1~ W - cCJ7c D-- CO~~~__~H___~ -

- u cshy-i-- ~ cshy-~ Ur co 0 I U ur D _Ho

gGl~ 0 C

en ~

~~~H~__~~

- II QD--Q-- [r cr I - ur ~

I = ~ cshy_H -W-1U~ -

~__HHshy

r-- ishy

~ Uj

lJJ i M

- I w

- Uf= LL IUjD DIi- - -1 n II r r r

-~-~-~-~~

i-

-

--

iJJ -

-~~~-~~~

i - - i- - 3

c WW = =

-

- -~_---~~~--~ ---~~

h -- -

u~ -

=

w

--

u -rshyJJ shy

-~-~~ ~ ~ ~ ~

-

co

i-

Ii) C i

WLL1i

_C

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I D

i

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in

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-L-7c

7c L~ ~

c~ = -c ~

lt-lt ~

~~2 U~i C I

LuU

C7 - - i-+~

~ ~

- shy

pishy-- c -

c t-C~ Cc shy -shy

u+lt-shy7c

+shy-

- co

3

LJ

6

shy

=- W co

L

Lc U LJ - LLDtshy

~ -shyfJ

ishy rshy -

ishylt--~W

co -

- -ishy -

~ ishy

uj --Lee J

W D ~i

- tshyi~iiJJ Q f- W = - LL LL D

- - ~

-

- w ---

Q

i LL W J LL U (I-CL- ishy

-U)-- -shy ~~~U~I

fshy ishy Uj---shyIi

ishy ~ ~

-

5

u D 0

C]

fshy-1

-

CL

i

j -1

fshy

~

-

shy

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--

J c U - -c co

iT

j

in I

7

C)

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--

Tshy -~ rshy

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LL

- LL

D co - ~

C LL

CC c-

- - - ~

ishy - CLshyshy f- LlJ - I - L - CL r- LLJ --U~= -

D

--

f

-

~~~-~~~

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e I-- S-C-j--

f~ -

Igt == f-wJ Ui - -

--~~~~

fshy-shy

shy- r-

UJ I

- t= D tshy

I

i

L

L

f II

~

-- -

-

--

~j

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-- J -i-shy-

cu = I i -ishy

- -- - - -----gtshy

w ~L -- -- W CI - c D

C=f ~ - ~ ~~ I gt~ -

j- u ~i~ -shy~---shy~ ~

~

- =1 t T rltU ~ ~ lJJ -W --

in in U~ D w ~~ CD CO w C] ~- - J -- ~~ ~

~---~

~shy~--~--~ r~ I C] D [~i Ci iJ ~ D

~ T I + LL J lJJ lJJ LU

- J 0 -- w co Tshy

~ W D Cj CD L cr C]

~il1lJJ

LL lJJ ~--~~

U~ cn - L f- f- Ishy~ ~ lJJ U~ J Cr- - -- T [~ lJJ ~ ~ LL LLi ~ ~ ~ LL LU

D

= 1 ~ LLe ~LL J J ~LL U il 1 I~il CL II -- il~ 1 shy- 7-- in II 1 Q W I C] QilJ

- I l 1 J I i J CL 1e I - I I = ~ I

= I I J I I = I~a~ f-il U~--~~~~~---~~ U~~~~~ I lJJ

n -+ e CD GG J -w

II I- - fshy ~ ~w~t

~- u ~ -wgtw

cr)

L JgtW

LU - -gtWU j - gtLUU crr--~ il U~ II lt= CL i U~ II lt= il

we W I p] (i ~ LU 0) w l- CLI~ r- CL tt s ~ t- II I II

Sf 1

-(I [2tij I-U~~~~

I ~~~~~

I-CI~~~~

= LL I D I

c- - cn u U~ co r- I In ~ ~ ~ il~ z c ~ I G z G D I =~ - shyef= w - CD - A -- ~ ~ ~ Di

3~ - ~~ ~ ~ I i ~ J -D C J I I

C I ~ gt gt I i -- ~~~~~ ~ ~ ~- ~---~-~-shyf- T - ~ f- Ishy

~ - -iI

-- DD

OJh- ~ f-u LL C) shy-- CT

7- L =w lt= I ~ il I il

-~ - I W D

w~~~~-~~~~~~ r--

T ~

QDfshy -- crf-W = lt=I U CO Z~il IIgt W r- r i-WCL U~ lt= ~

~~-~~-~

J 1 z U~Ilt=Dishylil~~ 1 ~I G i- z (1 pjI lt=II gtI z ~I IIgtZII-LU I cn lt= -

I

Ishyr fJ -- ishy

lJJ LJ r

-shyI I- D iJ D I- L- II II II

r r r

~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~

~

~

-

LlJ I

--

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~

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-- H c--shy

c-

shy -~ ~ ~~ -~~~~ HH~iHH_~~

+

i --

C i cr

- i

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- 0~

-= C- LL w Lj

c -

0 0

CTi

lt-f ILshy

~ shy

LL W

-

G -10

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- - - iT

w~ j iLL LL n cr

= -S2

LL = shyi

LL ~

- I - 2

u~ +

~2shy

-LL LL

~

L

DCP LL CC rshy

~

C--2W I H

HH~_~_~shy

(C LJ i~i

un U~ c ~- H

LL+W G

- U~ Cj - -shy ~ - C ~ r~i

L ~~ = shy - ~ ~ -~ u l--

LlJ - - W

w r 9i

---CL

- --li

-1+ 22J~~ ~~~~~

- - shygt + C shy -

~ - -- - -

- -

i- ~ -shy -shy

CL ~ J gt

--3 7-

J ~shy ~~~~~ - -shy --

-shy

c D -

+LL ~+

~ ~ -

f-LL I 2

~j c

i

D-

C C JW = ~c

~ ~ LL c ---~ - r- cc - -

~~~_H~~H

- - ~

r--LLL u -shy -

~~~~~~~

QS~-

Ci shy

-- U - +

J ---

LL-1 ~ A -

fshy -shy

- -LlJ -

shy~

J

I u jshy -i- ishy

u II

D

- ~ ~ - shy~~~--

-~lJJ w

- - C

-- - cj

~~ ~ ~ ~ shy

~ +LL uJ -shy

-- OJ shy

~ ~

~~~-~ ~--~--C2

ilJ LiJ lJJ-G rshyiei-

lJJ OJ CO -

OJ u~ cr

- - i-- -shyiJ7ishy ~ ~ ~ ~

-

-C- if-i fshy

~ lJJcn ~ co

L7 CJiJLiJ - l iJ lJJlJJ tJ

LLJ~ ~- CJ -- -J - 15 iJU

IS - Q~T ~ c - C =wshy -C- --- w - - -- U~

~ gt- = - IT - shy- - shy~ -

i- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ iI ~ iJf- C] i

ii ~ ii u JI iJ7i-LiJ ~ ~ - r- i II - ~ - - gt- i f~ -

-

G -~ i-

f- ~ lJJuJ f- ~~(J -

c

wi- f-~ c C) IS Q iI Q Q

lJJD LiJ i

OJ - gt- fshyT~ ~ ~f- I

_~i lJJ= In ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ r- -- cn~~~~~ U~~~~

- iJ

-~ V c- - cr - I

--C~ ~ ----

C] = I

w gt- G e J-IS f- gt- OJ G~ cc - - ~

- -

-i

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-7-0 f- -- j -i -- uJ Ci]

ilS ec ~ c

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7- --i - -

LJJ - -- Q ~

lJJ IS

Gcc ~~-~shyf-

f- -[L ~

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3c~-

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Q ISshyiJ~ ~

i-- r- -- Cf

Q = =-IS-gtshy

~ shy

f- fshy

--shyu

w lJJ

-J -- --

r- ~- shy

F -d J

IiI

----~_r-~shy~ - - i = I i C i

-- [

-

D ~i~- shy

- ~- r- r-shy ~ shy - ~ ~ shy - -~ ~ - ~

--- ~

-

=shy- - W

shy ishy

r

~-~-shy ----~ ~ --

shy

Cj

SJ +

W shycr CT i- -- -

~

0 D -Lu

~--~~-shy-

J

- ~shy

[shy

W C -- r-

-In cr u cI

Lu W D [ Cj C co U

----

-~----

LL

L1 u -

= ~ QJ

LU U~ U ) LL = cshy

-

)LLW) LL ~

~ - -Q

shycr r~

J C shy-

Q

~ ~ - ~ LL CC r-

LL u

wi LL -

shyf-2W un --shy

-

---i

j C[ WI -~-LL LL

- - --~

W+ =shy W

-

T-

- U~

Q-W J ~ shy~ cshy

~G~- LL LL

-cshy 5~= I

fshy-shy

-CL

c co shy

] U~

U~_---------shy 2

Ck =CT

c -

- ~ rshy rshy

~Gamp

f = -

0-

~

c c

- -----------~ W ) LL

- -- +

shy-shy

cshy

shy

= W - ~ W-

LL

~ -shy _LL ~ -

- Cj

shy ~

J---~ ~-shy--

c T

crCC

shy - -Qshy

shy - shy - - v

CCD

= =~=LL LL

shy

~--~--~-~-shy== C~

- = cshy~shy

Cj

D [-

LL gt1- c shy ~

shy L - U shy shy -~ --

I-shy cshy-CJ -

Lu I

)U I

Lu-- -U iL 1

f-LlJ

- iitI

I-- I

TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

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c Inshy

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J I

f

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[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

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L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

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C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

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LLi

shy

uJ

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fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

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cr fr

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=7

(j C c] e~

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ishy D j

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I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

-

C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

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I CO Q

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CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

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4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

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cr co

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CCshy fr shy crco

shyr

r U~ co f

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coco

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1 = CD co

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CTi -J ~ shy f- r- D

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D ~ J U~ CT CO co

= co

f C co f- CD r-

D CD

co r-

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I ill

f-W W LL

G) IS)

D G-f u f

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D fshy

ill

U-i lCi I

J u

~ i D u

W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

-

--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

ill u fshy

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CI jr

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c

---- shy --shy -- -shy

-ill

J C 1 --- J- CO DC ID - C1CC]CJ

co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

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B lJ~IV f-

Q LiJ D ~I -shy=rI CO UJ A

LLA DZ

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w c lLi -J OJ Ifshy

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rshy~ ~

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pJ CD

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IS) i~

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l1J r 3)

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fshyn shy

r~1c CO [I

Cj -

LJ u ~ -shy

5 cIn

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fshy

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CT

D In 0 In fshy 1)

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co - is) ~

ill D iD -1 CO Jshyf- D

r~

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C J) n i= C 7 1) - -j C Cj

g

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f~1 OJ

CO

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- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

c

csshyOJ C

D Cj S~[~~2

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~-

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m j) j) co D CCIF - - ( Cj ~H~~f ~ ~

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C n i~ j n c r C J j Uc J Cj Cj ~ ~

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C -1UCIS) ~ r~ 1 If) r c= Z9fDJ ~~~~~ 4f~~~

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Cj f - 8 Z C

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C

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cr ~ Cj --Cj C C] CO Lc r ~ t

CJ c Uc wc D~= ~~ 3 j ~ ~

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LL

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GFI~I~= E[rIPD FCiOT OLUIIETIIFI [ [ilIHE [=[111 1 FllOr =TIIIIF TO ~) IIICH TiiF I I II~I file 1(111lt)

lJDH TOHiL H[ IGlnlFEETJ ~C1I11ICIIF3) 30 40 [1 60 70 80 gO 100 llC1 10 131] 14C) 150 16U 170 10 130 110

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ni CJ - ~ c~ ~ fshy n shy -

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c~ tU

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fJ CO J) D U~ shy

shyshy

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T(ELE Cl DOIJC[(I F IF

[iPCI~CLIFIC I-[lOT lOLUIn rnHIE~LUME rROM 1 FOOT STIJMP TO 5 INCH TOP ( 11131Dr uriiIlt)

DElli ITITn I IlL I GHT (fTr FI (I tICIIE) 2[1 --I] 1[1 50 bO 70 80 9n lGG l1l1 120

----shy

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- 22 shy

3 The increases with height in the ratios of volume equations to taper based estimates is largely due tothe data set being used No significant trendsindicating a lack of fit were detected in a comparishyson of both volume equations and taper estimateswith actual scaled volumes For Douglas fir thedifference is more pronounced and apparently due toa small and somewhat lopsided distribution of thesample trees

We encourage the cooperators to review these taperequations prior to final publication

In summary volume equations produce simple and effishycient estimates of gro~s tree volume However taper equashytions can be used to produce similar estimates although theyare somewhat cumbersome Taper equations are necessary whenvolumes by logs in individual trees are desired

VIII VOLUME TABLES

While the volume equations presented rere are very useshyful for incorporation into inventory analysis programs many foresters will want some of these volume equations turned into table form The combinationsof speciesgroups (3) equation types (2) measurement units (3) and top diameters (4) would require 72 individual volume tables Wben one considers the possible range of form classes of interest the number of possible tables is even more formidable Since any individual would only be interested in a few of these tables no attempt is being made to publish all ofthese tables

However in Appendix C 50 inch merchantable top boardfoot cubic foot and cubic meter tables are given for eachof the two species Redwood and Douglas fir by DBH andtotal height A listing of the computer program used toproduce these tables is available from the authors

TABLE 10 Redwood -- Rat~os of volume equationto taper based estima s of cubic volume froma 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH andHeight classes of trees used in taper analysis

I D8H I

I I 1[I 20 30 -10 50 lr3

TOTAL HEI GHT

70 80 9~3

(FEET)

100 110 120 1313 140 150 160 1E1 1813 190 200

101 12 I I [ 16 I

109 102

97 105 107 101 101

1( 97

108 103

99

112 106 1 D3 103 1 1211 101

107 103 1 [11

102 1 ~j1 1 [10 1 DE1

11 I

1] I

2gt I 24 I i6 I

94

9)

1(

96

99 100

9 99

~H 99

97 93

97 99

100 100 100 99 1 [113 1[10 100 9~1 98

99 100 100 99 99

99 1 O~J 1 (10 1 CH] 99

99 100 100 100 11]0

S18

97

9B

99 9E1

96

97 97

94

2 I 30 I 32 I 34 I 31 I

9B 99

IDO 100

113D 100 1 Em 101 1 cn 1 [11 101 1~j2

1 (C

1 [11 1 [11 101 101 102 102 11212 103 103 103

100 101 102 102 103

100 100 1 I] 1 102 103

SI9 SIE

10D ~)9 1 [11 1 [1[1 101101 102 102

97

98

99 97

1 [I1

E I 40 I Q I 44 I ill I

1 05

106

1 04 1 04 1 03

106 1 07

105 106 106

1 O 1 pound11 1 03 103 104 104

1 r~16

1 00 101 101 1D4 1 D5

4 i[I 32 I 56

I ] ] I I

108 1 Ot

1[17

110 106

5= I 60 I

TABLE 11 Douglas fir Ratios of volume equation to taper based estimates of cubic volume from a 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH and Height classes of trees used in taper analysis

--

I DEH I

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60 7t3

TlJTRL HE IcHT

BO 90

(FEET)

100 110 120

-----------------------------------------------

130 140 150 160 170 181] 196 2130

1j I 12 I 11 I 11 I

86 95 99

n 99 95 92

99

94

1 04 102

97

106 103 1DO

105 1 D1

1 me 103 106

13 I 20 I 2 I 4 I ~C I

9D 93 92 ~30

17 1 00

96 9C

95 97

93 96

93 9)

1 01 1 00

99

9B

97

1 E14 1 05 102 103 101 102 100 1 [12

99 101

104 104 104 1135

1 04

1 1217

106 106

I 30 I 3 I 3[ I C I

-deg 94 97

99 1 00 1 00

99 100

1 04 102 1 I) 1 ll4 101 102

1 0~5 1 06 1 04 1 (16 11215 104 106

1 139 1m

3 I lD I 4 I 44 I 4C I

1 EJ3 104

104

106

4 I 5U I 52 I ~l I 1 I

1 07

5 T CO I

- 23 -

Literature Cited

Akima Hiroshi 1970 A new method of interpolation and smooth curve

fitting based on local procedures ESSA Research Laboratories Boulder Colorado

Baskerville GL1972 Use of logarithmic regression in the estimation

of plant biomass Can J For Res 2(1)49shy53

Bruce Donald Schumacher Francis Y1950 Forest mensuration 3ded xvii 483p

Johnson Floyd A1966 Bark factors for Douglas fir USDA Forest

Servo Res Paper PNW - 34 Pacific NorthwestFor and Rng Exp Sta Portland Ore 3p

Palley Marshall N1959 Board foot volume tables for young growth coashy

stal Redwood California Forestry and ForestProducts No 11 California AgriculturalExpt Station Berkeley California 5p

Wensel Lee C1971 Tree volume equations from measurements taken

with a Barr and Stroud optical dendrometerHilgardia 41(4)55-64

- 24 -

Appendix

CONIFER TREE VOLU~E EQUATIONS

This appendix contains tables of statistical summariesand coefficient estimates of conifer tree volume equationsEach table has six equation summaries three board foot andthree cubic foot each accessed by total height merchantableheight or height in 163 foot logs Stump height isassumed to be one foot and board foot volumes are based onScribner scale with a nominal scaling length of 16 feet witha 3 foot trim allowance Top diameters vary with eachtable Table A1 provides a quick reference guide to tablespecifications

(1) Types of Equations

Equations are of two types

a) D-H Diameter-height equationsb) D-H-GF Diameter-height-form class equations

The form of diameter height equations is indicated

in Fortran notation as

v = BO(DB1)(HB2)

which in regular mathematical notation isb b

V = b D 1H 20

Similarly the form class equations are in Fortrannotation

V = BO(DB1)(HB2)(GFBS)

which in standard notation is equivalent to

b b b V = b 0D 1H 2GF 3

- 25 shy

(2) Exponential Notation

The coefficient estimates are given to 4 signishyficant digits in exponential notation As examples

5639E-03 = 5639x10-3 = 0005639

25639E+02= 5639x10 = 5639

(3) Standard Deviations

a) Logarithmic (LN UNITS) - Standard deviations ofresiduals are reported in natural logarithmic (baseIe) units

b) Normal Units (PERCENT) - Standard deviations arealso reported as a percentage of predicted volumesThis value is also the coefficient of variation

(4) Adjustment for Logarithmic Bias (LN BIAS)

This value is a multiplicative adjustment usushyally negligable that can be used to correct thevolume equations for any inherent bias resulting from the logarithmic transformations in the equation fitting process

(5) Percent Average Deviation (AVE DEV PERCENT)

This value is the average percent deviation ofactual versus predicted values of the sample used infitting the respective equation

(6) Percent Aggregate Difference (AGG DIFF PERCENT)

This value is the percent difference of thetotal actual volume of sample trees versuspredicted Negative values indicate the equationsare low positive values indicate the equations arehigh

---------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------

- 26 -

Quick Reference

TABLE A1

Guide to Conifer Volume Equations

Table No Species Top

Volume

dLb

to

(inches) Equation Type

1 Redwood 8 2 Redwood 8 3 Redwood 7 4 Redwood 7 5 Redwood 6 6 Redwood 6 7 Redwood 5 8 Redwood 5 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas FirWhitewoods

8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 8

18 Whitewoods 8 19 Whitewoods 7 20 Whitewoods 7 21 Whitewoods 6 22 Whitewoods 6 23 Whitewoods 5 24 Whitewoods 5

D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF

T(jDLE 1 GFDS=vCiLUr-IE T(iEIU~ FOP REDLJDDD TPE ~D--H +++gt1lt++gtltfgtIltgtIlt+lt++ ltltlt1ltgt1lt+++gt1gt1laquo1+ltIlt+-JltgtIlt+lgtflt1ltf lt1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt (lII[LI= 17F EI47

10 FDCT STU~PTD 8D IHCHES TDR DIB

EOUATIDH Y = BOID~Dl) II-1B2) IJII[rE

D=DIAM[T[F DUTSIDE BRPK RT 45 FEI=1

H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE DELDW--

E[IIIRD FOOT yoLUMES--STATISTICRL SUllll(IF

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TABLE 3 GROSS ~JLUME n~BLES FOR REDWOOD iF[oD11 gt1ltgt1ltgt1gt1lt gt1lt gt1gt1lt gt1ltgt1 gt1ltfgtIltjlt jlt jlt gt1lt gt1yojgtIlt gt1 gt1lt1ltgt1+ +gt1ltgt1lt y gt1lt gt1lt gt1lt1lt gtlt1lt+ I 1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt gt1++O+gtIlty ~nrJIL[ 11 C

10 FOOT STUMP TIJ 70 IHCHES TOP D IB

EQUATION V = BO(Di~Bl)(HB2) LHIEPE

D=DIn~TER OUTSIDE BnRK nT 45 FEEl H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOArD FOOT VCiLUMES--STnTISTICAL ~ U r-111n F~

I I I I -- - I - I 1 1 1 1 I rnIIDfIPD I ~TIIIIDFIFD I I LJJ I FIE 1 AIC 1 I 1 I

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~-~-shy ----~ ~ --

shy

Cj

SJ +

W shycr CT i- -- -

~

0 D -Lu

~--~~-shy-

J

- ~shy

[shy

W C -- r-

-In cr u cI

Lu W D [ Cj C co U

----

-~----

LL

L1 u -

= ~ QJ

LU U~ U ) LL = cshy

-

)LLW) LL ~

~ - -Q

shycr r~

J C shy-

Q

~ ~ - ~ LL CC r-

LL u

wi LL -

shyf-2W un --shy

-

---i

j C[ WI -~-LL LL

- - --~

W+ =shy W

-

T-

- U~

Q-W J ~ shy~ cshy

~G~- LL LL

-cshy 5~= I

fshy-shy

-CL

c co shy

] U~

U~_---------shy 2

Ck =CT

c -

- ~ rshy rshy

~Gamp

f = -

0-

~

c c

- -----------~ W ) LL

- -- +

shy-shy

cshy

shy

= W - ~ W-

LL

~ -shy _LL ~ -

- Cj

shy ~

J---~ ~-shy--

c T

crCC

shy - -Qshy

shy - shy - - v

CCD

= =~=LL LL

shy

~--~--~-~-shy== C~

- = cshy~shy

Cj

D [-

LL gt1- c shy ~

shy L - U shy shy -~ --

I-shy cshy-CJ -

Lu I

)U I

Lu-- -U iL 1

f-LlJ

- iitI

I-- I

TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

- r~ Cj D CD In [c Cj Cj [r ~ Cj Cj -

c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

oJ ltj

C]D D ~~-

co fc Cj C In C]

J I

f

)f~ -

c Cj-

c Cj fr

~j

[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

~J CO (I flt - Cj-

L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

C]s CO Lt j ~

- C -

C] -

- ~

)-~ COD

C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

LL lt

LLi

shy

uJ

J

fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

- In fshy

- i--

cr fr

~ 7 s

=7

(j C c] e~

J - D In

ishy D j

1(1- u~ [r

- ~

I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

-

C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

fC deg]

-

I CO Q

~~gt-i~

C Cj Lt ~-- -

CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

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12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

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4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

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Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

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[iPCI~CLIFIC I-[lOT lOLUIn rnHIE~LUME rROM 1 FOOT STIJMP TO 5 INCH TOP ( 11131Dr uriiIlt)

DElli ITITn I IlL I GHT (fTr FI (I tICIIE) 2[1 --I] 1[1 50 bO 70 80 9n lGG l1l1 120

----shy

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114 4 11 15 19 ~4 29 34 39 ~t_ 51 -~16 5 3 1 lC n 2~ 35 42 49 ~i6 to

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34 16 29 43 f~D 7 96 11 130 161 IB~i ltU9 c 1036 17 - 1 47 65 1 lOb LJ J - 1f 20

C 1 ~12 1 1~5 165 1SJ2 2U3 19 34 131

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TABLE 10 Redwood -- Rat~os of volume equationto taper based estima s of cubic volume froma 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH andHeight classes of trees used in taper analysis

I D8H I

I I 1[I 20 30 -10 50 lr3

TOTAL HEI GHT

70 80 9~3

(FEET)

100 110 120 1313 140 150 160 1E1 1813 190 200

101 12 I I [ 16 I

109 102

97 105 107 101 101

1( 97

108 103

99

112 106 1 D3 103 1 1211 101

107 103 1 [11

102 1 ~j1 1 [10 1 DE1

11 I

1] I

2gt I 24 I i6 I

94

9)

1(

96

99 100

9 99

~H 99

97 93

97 99

100 100 100 99 1 [113 1[10 100 9~1 98

99 100 100 99 99

99 1 O~J 1 (10 1 CH] 99

99 100 100 100 11]0

S18

97

9B

99 9E1

96

97 97

94

2 I 30 I 32 I 34 I 31 I

9B 99

IDO 100

113D 100 1 Em 101 1 cn 1 [11 101 1~j2

1 (C

1 [11 1 [11 101 101 102 102 11212 103 103 103

100 101 102 102 103

100 100 1 I] 1 102 103

SI9 SIE

10D ~)9 1 [11 1 [1[1 101101 102 102

97

98

99 97

1 [I1

E I 40 I Q I 44 I ill I

1 05

106

1 04 1 04 1 03

106 1 07

105 106 106

1 O 1 pound11 1 03 103 104 104

1 r~16

1 00 101 101 1D4 1 D5

4 i[I 32 I 56

I ] ] I I

108 1 Ot

1[17

110 106

5= I 60 I

TABLE 11 Douglas fir Ratios of volume equation to taper based estimates of cubic volume from a 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH and Height classes of trees used in taper analysis

--

I DEH I

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60 7t3

TlJTRL HE IcHT

BO 90

(FEET)

100 110 120

-----------------------------------------------

130 140 150 160 170 181] 196 2130

1j I 12 I 11 I 11 I

86 95 99

n 99 95 92

99

94

1 04 102

97

106 103 1DO

105 1 D1

1 me 103 106

13 I 20 I 2 I 4 I ~C I

9D 93 92 ~30

17 1 00

96 9C

95 97

93 96

93 9)

1 01 1 00

99

9B

97

1 E14 1 05 102 103 101 102 100 1 [12

99 101

104 104 104 1135

1 04

1 1217

106 106

I 30 I 3 I 3[ I C I

-deg 94 97

99 1 00 1 00

99 100

1 04 102 1 I) 1 ll4 101 102

1 0~5 1 06 1 04 1 (16 11215 104 106

1 139 1m

3 I lD I 4 I 44 I 4C I

1 EJ3 104

104

106

4 I 5U I 52 I ~l I 1 I

1 07

5 T CO I

- 23 -

Literature Cited

Akima Hiroshi 1970 A new method of interpolation and smooth curve

fitting based on local procedures ESSA Research Laboratories Boulder Colorado

Baskerville GL1972 Use of logarithmic regression in the estimation

of plant biomass Can J For Res 2(1)49shy53

Bruce Donald Schumacher Francis Y1950 Forest mensuration 3ded xvii 483p

Johnson Floyd A1966 Bark factors for Douglas fir USDA Forest

Servo Res Paper PNW - 34 Pacific NorthwestFor and Rng Exp Sta Portland Ore 3p

Palley Marshall N1959 Board foot volume tables for young growth coashy

stal Redwood California Forestry and ForestProducts No 11 California AgriculturalExpt Station Berkeley California 5p

Wensel Lee C1971 Tree volume equations from measurements taken

with a Barr and Stroud optical dendrometerHilgardia 41(4)55-64

- 24 -

Appendix

CONIFER TREE VOLU~E EQUATIONS

This appendix contains tables of statistical summariesand coefficient estimates of conifer tree volume equationsEach table has six equation summaries three board foot andthree cubic foot each accessed by total height merchantableheight or height in 163 foot logs Stump height isassumed to be one foot and board foot volumes are based onScribner scale with a nominal scaling length of 16 feet witha 3 foot trim allowance Top diameters vary with eachtable Table A1 provides a quick reference guide to tablespecifications

(1) Types of Equations

Equations are of two types

a) D-H Diameter-height equationsb) D-H-GF Diameter-height-form class equations

The form of diameter height equations is indicated

in Fortran notation as

v = BO(DB1)(HB2)

which in regular mathematical notation isb b

V = b D 1H 20

Similarly the form class equations are in Fortrannotation

V = BO(DB1)(HB2)(GFBS)

which in standard notation is equivalent to

b b b V = b 0D 1H 2GF 3

- 25 shy

(2) Exponential Notation

The coefficient estimates are given to 4 signishyficant digits in exponential notation As examples

5639E-03 = 5639x10-3 = 0005639

25639E+02= 5639x10 = 5639

(3) Standard Deviations

a) Logarithmic (LN UNITS) - Standard deviations ofresiduals are reported in natural logarithmic (baseIe) units

b) Normal Units (PERCENT) - Standard deviations arealso reported as a percentage of predicted volumesThis value is also the coefficient of variation

(4) Adjustment for Logarithmic Bias (LN BIAS)

This value is a multiplicative adjustment usushyally negligable that can be used to correct thevolume equations for any inherent bias resulting from the logarithmic transformations in the equation fitting process

(5) Percent Average Deviation (AVE DEV PERCENT)

This value is the average percent deviation ofactual versus predicted values of the sample used infitting the respective equation

(6) Percent Aggregate Difference (AGG DIFF PERCENT)

This value is the percent difference of thetotal actual volume of sample trees versuspredicted Negative values indicate the equationsare low positive values indicate the equations arehigh

---------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------

- 26 -

Quick Reference

TABLE A1

Guide to Conifer Volume Equations

Table No Species Top

Volume

dLb

to

(inches) Equation Type

1 Redwood 8 2 Redwood 8 3 Redwood 7 4 Redwood 7 5 Redwood 6 6 Redwood 6 7 Redwood 5 8 Redwood 5 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas FirWhitewoods

8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 8

18 Whitewoods 8 19 Whitewoods 7 20 Whitewoods 7 21 Whitewoods 6 22 Whitewoods 6 23 Whitewoods 5 24 Whitewoods 5

D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF

T(jDLE 1 GFDS=vCiLUr-IE T(iEIU~ FOP REDLJDDD TPE ~D--H +++gt1lt++gtltfgtIltgtIlt+lt++ ltltlt1ltgt1lt+++gt1gt1laquo1+ltIlt+-JltgtIlt+lgtflt1ltf lt1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt (lII[LI= 17F EI47

10 FDCT STU~PTD 8D IHCHES TDR DIB

EOUATIDH Y = BOID~Dl) II-1B2) IJII[rE

D=DIAM[T[F DUTSIDE BRPK RT 45 FEI=1

H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE DELDW--

E[IIIRD FOOT yoLUMES--STATISTICRL SUllll(IF

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TABLE 3 GROSS ~JLUME n~BLES FOR REDWOOD iF[oD11 gt1ltgt1ltgt1gt1lt gt1lt gt1gt1lt gt1ltgt1 gt1ltfgtIltjlt jlt jlt gt1lt gt1yojgtIlt gt1 gt1lt1ltgt1+ +gt1ltgt1lt y gt1lt gt1lt gt1lt1lt gtlt1lt+ I 1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt gt1++O+gtIlty ~nrJIL[ 11 C

10 FOOT STUMP TIJ 70 IHCHES TOP D IB

EQUATION V = BO(Di~Bl)(HB2) LHIEPE

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10 FOOT ~3TlHlr= TO 50] tICHE~3 TOP D I Ei

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H=TOTIL H[IGHT I 13 I 1 14[15 I 971 I 1009 1 9t19 1 - R3C I I [l4l--0I I 703EH] II 1379E+0 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I 1 - 1

1-1=III~fCH HIICIIT 1 D~II 1 ~I 4= 1 986 ] 1004 1 6 7~i 1 91~ ] 121I[-D] IclSE+II] 11111[1111I 1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I ] I I 1201UI+CIIIII47~JE+OII mIIE-I)l] I I I 1 -- -- 1 I - shy _-shy - I ---shy- -- I 1 -shy - I --------- ----- -----

-~~~~ - ~~ shy ~~~~~shy

u LiJWJ r ~

shy -----shy

I ~~-~shy

-

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1 -

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= I

gt-shy

c

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co s I- -

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3

C

L

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shy 2 wJ = ~ ~ ~shyf- T gt-i

L1J U~I wJ - LL Ishy i

L1J lt I in W I

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w

D i

co in

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U - c-C LL+i-

UJ 7 UJ Wc-W-

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w+shy

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f- gt-shy gt-shy~

u c _I

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c c~~gt--~~~~~~~~

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cishygt-shy

i- W ltc ~- J_ [r

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W CL 1- Q -

~ ~ gt-shy ~ H~~H~

C 1- - C i- I ugt--~ -- shy ~

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lt2 = --- ~

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shy-

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JJ W W= 0 -shy - co

co i= I 0 h-In

w [~

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3it (j -I ] 0ti=G

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LL ~ CL CTD = ~

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w ~ CJ ~D - CL ~- I

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D II

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r-- ishy

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u -rshyJJ shy

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co

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pishy-- c -

c t-C~ Cc shy -shy

u+lt-shy7c

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3

LJ

6

shy

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L

Lc U LJ - LLDtshy

~ -shyfJ

ishy rshy -

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co -

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uj --Lee J

W D ~i

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Q

i LL W J LL U (I-CL- ishy

-U)-- -shy ~~~U~I

fshy ishy Uj---shyIi

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C]

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CL

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CC c-

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D

--

f

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L

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cu = I i -ishy

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w ~L -- -- W CI - c D

C=f ~ - ~ ~~ I gt~ -

j- u ~i~ -shy~---shy~ ~

~

- =1 t T rltU ~ ~ lJJ -W --

in in U~ D w ~~ CD CO w C] ~- - J -- ~~ ~

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~ T I + LL J lJJ lJJ LU

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~ W D Cj CD L cr C]

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LL lJJ ~--~~

U~ cn - L f- f- Ishy~ ~ lJJ U~ J Cr- - -- T [~ lJJ ~ ~ LL LLi ~ ~ ~ LL LU

D

= 1 ~ LLe ~LL J J ~LL U il 1 I~il CL II -- il~ 1 shy- 7-- in II 1 Q W I C] QilJ

- I l 1 J I i J CL 1e I - I I = ~ I

= I I J I I = I~a~ f-il U~--~~~~~---~~ U~~~~~ I lJJ

n -+ e CD GG J -w

II I- - fshy ~ ~w~t

~- u ~ -wgtw

cr)

L JgtW

LU - -gtWU j - gtLUU crr--~ il U~ II lt= CL i U~ II lt= il

we W I p] (i ~ LU 0) w l- CLI~ r- CL tt s ~ t- II I II

Sf 1

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I ~~~~~

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= LL I D I

c- - cn u U~ co r- I In ~ ~ ~ il~ z c ~ I G z G D I =~ - shyef= w - CD - A -- ~ ~ ~ Di

3~ - ~~ ~ ~ I i ~ J -D C J I I

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OJh- ~ f-u LL C) shy-- CT

7- L =w lt= I ~ il I il

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w~~~~-~~~~~~ r--

T ~

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J 1 z U~Ilt=Dishylil~~ 1 ~I G i- z (1 pjI lt=II gtI z ~I IIgtZII-LU I cn lt= -

I

Ishyr fJ -- ishy

lJJ LJ r

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r r r

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LlJ I

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c-

shy -~ ~ ~~ -~~~~ HH~iHH_~~

+

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CTi

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LL W

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G -10

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= -S2

LL = shyi

LL ~

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u~ +

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~

L

DCP LL CC rshy

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C--2W I H

HH~_~_~shy

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un U~ c ~- H

LL+W G

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L ~~ = shy - ~ ~ -~ u l--

LlJ - - W

w r 9i

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--3 7-

J ~shy ~~~~~ - -shy --

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c D -

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i

D-

C C JW = ~c

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r--LLL u -shy -

~~~~~~~

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Ci shy

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LL-1 ~ A -

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ii ~ ii u JI iJ7i-LiJ ~ ~ - r- i II - ~ - - gt- i f~ -

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G -~ i-

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w gt- G e J-IS f- gt- OJ G~ cc - - ~

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F -d J

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-

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r

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----

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LL

L1 u -

= ~ QJ

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-

)LLW) LL ~

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shycr r~

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Q

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LL u

wi LL -

shyf-2W un --shy

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W+ =shy W

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T-

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U~_---------shy 2

Ck =CT

c -

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f = -

0-

~

c c

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shy-shy

cshy

shy

= W - ~ W-

LL

~ -shy _LL ~ -

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J---~ ~-shy--

c T

crCC

shy - -Qshy

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CCD

= =~=LL LL

shy

~--~--~-~-shy== C~

- = cshy~shy

Cj

D [-

LL gt1- c shy ~

shy L - U shy shy -~ --

I-shy cshy-CJ -

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f-LlJ

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TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

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c Inshy

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Q LLlC JLL

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shy

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fshyc-

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rr

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=7

(j C c] e~

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ishy D j

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I

co

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-

In

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C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

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CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

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CQ f

~ (T- c

cr co

CQ CQ

-co-

flt1 co

D D fshy f f= ~ ~s~

- - CJ-CQm r CO

U is)i-

- f COCO

CCshy fr shy crco

shyr

r U~ co f

u

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D iD

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CD co CD co OJ

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coco

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Q C]

co 0 CO co

In rJ cow

In co

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~~ ~~ ~6 ~j gg

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1 = CD co

-D mm

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CTi -J ~ shy f- r- D

~ -

~

D ~ J U~ CT CO co

= co

f C co f- CD r-

D CD

co r-

Cj r-

I ill

f-W W LL

G) IS)

D G-f u f

- 0 cr- 0 r lL

D fshy

ill

U-i lCi I

J u

~ i D u

W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

-

--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

ill u fshy

-

CI jr

-D -)

J (j

c

---- shy --shy -- -shy

-ill

J C 1 --- J- CO DC ID - C1CC]CJ

co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

- T ~ ~-g

0 -0 03

W

B lJ~IV f-

Q LiJ D ~I -shy=rI CO UJ A

LLA DZ

I (FQf-WI

~2 ~lLi Ir

w c lLi -J OJ Ifshy

- f-W lLi LL

rshy~ ~

~ lLi

~ ~ fshyu f-

I ill A

~ QC]

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f-J

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IS ISI

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D CO

S)-

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D 3 LJf-

JD -lt

3 G In

[shy0

Ci C) J 9

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r~ co co

f~1 CO

CO

U~ I -1 ~

r~

In 0)

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fshyr 11

f1 tn cc

r~ 7shy0) CO cb

pJ CD

LJ ~

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co q c CO CO CO r- fshy

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fshyill LJ

IS) i~

1[1 ~ In cc co rshy

en D C- CO m

J

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0 = - GI rshy

fi fJ

-1 CJ

l1J r 3)

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In fshy

-1 Ci u

~

fshyn shy

r~1c CO [I

Cj -

LJ u ~ -shy

5 cIn

S) m

fshy

rshy

CT

D In 0 In fshy 1)

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co - is) ~

ill D iD -1 CO Jshyf- D

r~

C) fj

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--~-shyr OJ

C J) n i= C 7 1) - -j C Cj

g

-CO

f~1 OJ

CO

f-CD

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lr) r~1 fshy -

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CO Ii)

pJ CO

en rshy

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c C (j ID co 13)f~ ~ f ~ ~~G~A~ U~DCj f~i r~1 f~ i~

- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

c

csshyOJ C

D Cj S~[~~2

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~-

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m j) j) co D CCIF - - ( Cj ~H~~f ~ ~

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G ~~L~f~ g~ ~ f) ~-f ~~~ ~--- J [j

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c jC cn ~ 1

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c

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C 1) ] Jr CC

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C n i~ j n c r C J j Uc J Cj Cj ~ ~

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D iwi

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C -1UCIS) ~ r~ 1 If) r c= Z9fDJ ~~~~~ 4f~~~

i lic

~ g~ f~ ~ 1 ~~~ 1 ~ [) ~ ~ ) - ~ ~n i gnJ~-pJ CJ CJ ) [5 [2 ~ ~ ~

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co

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i

c - c f-shyw

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J J) ) IDshypj J lii r

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JC c 1 T = Cj- CCj

c)

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shy

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= =

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1)- 1)- JCj~

-j gt i~ ec IJ)

Cj f - 8 Z C

T D ~ C T

~

C

-- - D

cr ~ Cj --Cj C C] CO Lc r ~ t

CJ c Uc wc D~= ~~ 3 j ~ ~

- ~shy~---shywc JC D

LL

U I j ltS ~ ----

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() c = LJ ~

ccshyJ

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---1

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c

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CJ 1 1 U

C ~ ~ D - Cj CJ r~

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D C j cr J U- Lc wc j)

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TI~EIE Ceo FEDtjCiOn

GFI~I~= E[rIPD FCiOT OLUIIETIIFI [ [ilIHE [=[111 1 FllOr =TIIIIF TO ~) IIICH TiiF I I II~I file 1(111lt)

lJDH TOHiL H[ IGlnlFEETJ ~C1I11ICIIF3) 30 40 [1 60 70 80 gO 100 llC1 10 131] 14C) 150 16U 170 10 130 110

)2010 4 3 IJ 2 31-1 10 ) 1 13 76 SIII 105 11 133 1( 17) 1Ii 216 - I 1 13 c (12 6 21 32 44 iB ) )j 1IJJ 130 151 ] r- 200 =6 -_IC cB2 313 3(j J

r14 (oo 17 J )3 111 9 IDD 14 1401 177 07 23] 273 I] 3lri 3( 4 Ii 1 ) Ie 00lt 7Co e 16 11 23 57 deg 103 1 1 162 196 --- 271 313 -- 404 454 iOI itiO tj]7 li76

-71= 14 9 ) IDlj 131 lC 2CC 49 J -41 3I 4)1 51 371 (t 711 J

-cr20 1 36 co =9 13 163 20C J 31113 3ei 426 4) 562 63i 713 J5 [u 9U I 1If 0 0 - 1 43 10 I jO 19 )V1 CJ9 ) j 41 ) 1 j 1 C 1 771 Ii Jil 1CI 1177 11[1

I c24 -1 1- B6 129 1jB 235 )9 3C 445 j2F 617 12 813 19 lrI3 11iO 174 11VI 1531 76 21 11 1[1 151 210 - 1 131 53 61 (J C3 136 111131 1214 1353 I48 lC50 1809

--0 34 1 liP 1(f 44 321 40D 304 rn 21 Dr 973 1111 1)r 141U 1-il 171 191 III

30 39 1 13C D (1 371] 1)9 579 701] 830 969 1119 1277 1445 1622 lR08 2002 2205 2417 32 45 93 155 231 320 421 i3) 660 797 945 1105 1275 1456 1647 11348 2060 2282 2514 2755 34 5] 105 I 261 311 47C I I] 747 901 1069 1249 1441 1646 11362 2090 2329 2580 2842 3115

3f - 117 ISJ6 293 lor53) 67 =38 1012 1200 14CJ2 161 It)W U91 2346 ~Gl~) 23=J 3191 11 C) - 70)

) 63 131 219 43 597 -0 S35 I1d9 1339 1565 1131]6 2U62 2333 2618 2918 3232 3560 3902

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JI u 1(0 J 111[1 3 1 (12C 1 1I 13 3 1c1] 1)17 1 2i 2i 3 Ii 7 I r ~CI 111 1 11 44 =s 176 21 4deg bO) LlD3 liEU 12i9 1~20 1CD( 2 J [16 ~~rHJ ~~77i 3139 T~ J 43~)CI 1) ~J

gt46 13 113 4 1 tc J 1 1 1C I 16 C3 1J( cI C-r [I 6 313~I i I 1 1 C[I 1i ( I - [3 W 2HJ 3~5~ i~) - ~J~= 121( 1=[11 1813 21~iO 0512 ~l(J o3lU 371 LeoIJ-ltICo34 =il[ ~rIj I

7~iI) 111 -c =0 111 1[Ill] 1 1 1131 1~JC~I 05 72 119 ~5~j~ 4111i ~IC~ 111 11 CII -

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TABLE 11 Douglas fir Ratios of volume equation to taper based estimates of cubic volume from a 10 foot stump to a 50 inch top for DBH and Height classes of trees used in taper analysis

--

I DEH I

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60 7t3

TlJTRL HE IcHT

BO 90

(FEET)

100 110 120

-----------------------------------------------

130 140 150 160 170 181] 196 2130

1j I 12 I 11 I 11 I

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- 23 -

Literature Cited

Akima Hiroshi 1970 A new method of interpolation and smooth curve

fitting based on local procedures ESSA Research Laboratories Boulder Colorado

Baskerville GL1972 Use of logarithmic regression in the estimation

of plant biomass Can J For Res 2(1)49shy53

Bruce Donald Schumacher Francis Y1950 Forest mensuration 3ded xvii 483p

Johnson Floyd A1966 Bark factors for Douglas fir USDA Forest

Servo Res Paper PNW - 34 Pacific NorthwestFor and Rng Exp Sta Portland Ore 3p

Palley Marshall N1959 Board foot volume tables for young growth coashy

stal Redwood California Forestry and ForestProducts No 11 California AgriculturalExpt Station Berkeley California 5p

Wensel Lee C1971 Tree volume equations from measurements taken

with a Barr and Stroud optical dendrometerHilgardia 41(4)55-64

- 24 -

Appendix

CONIFER TREE VOLU~E EQUATIONS

This appendix contains tables of statistical summariesand coefficient estimates of conifer tree volume equationsEach table has six equation summaries three board foot andthree cubic foot each accessed by total height merchantableheight or height in 163 foot logs Stump height isassumed to be one foot and board foot volumes are based onScribner scale with a nominal scaling length of 16 feet witha 3 foot trim allowance Top diameters vary with eachtable Table A1 provides a quick reference guide to tablespecifications

(1) Types of Equations

Equations are of two types

a) D-H Diameter-height equationsb) D-H-GF Diameter-height-form class equations

The form of diameter height equations is indicated

in Fortran notation as

v = BO(DB1)(HB2)

which in regular mathematical notation isb b

V = b D 1H 20

Similarly the form class equations are in Fortrannotation

V = BO(DB1)(HB2)(GFBS)

which in standard notation is equivalent to

b b b V = b 0D 1H 2GF 3

- 25 shy

(2) Exponential Notation

The coefficient estimates are given to 4 signishyficant digits in exponential notation As examples

5639E-03 = 5639x10-3 = 0005639

25639E+02= 5639x10 = 5639

(3) Standard Deviations

a) Logarithmic (LN UNITS) - Standard deviations ofresiduals are reported in natural logarithmic (baseIe) units

b) Normal Units (PERCENT) - Standard deviations arealso reported as a percentage of predicted volumesThis value is also the coefficient of variation

(4) Adjustment for Logarithmic Bias (LN BIAS)

This value is a multiplicative adjustment usushyally negligable that can be used to correct thevolume equations for any inherent bias resulting from the logarithmic transformations in the equation fitting process

(5) Percent Average Deviation (AVE DEV PERCENT)

This value is the average percent deviation ofactual versus predicted values of the sample used infitting the respective equation

(6) Percent Aggregate Difference (AGG DIFF PERCENT)

This value is the percent difference of thetotal actual volume of sample trees versuspredicted Negative values indicate the equationsare low positive values indicate the equations arehigh

---------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------

- 26 -

Quick Reference

TABLE A1

Guide to Conifer Volume Equations

Table No Species Top

Volume

dLb

to

(inches) Equation Type

1 Redwood 8 2 Redwood 8 3 Redwood 7 4 Redwood 7 5 Redwood 6 6 Redwood 6 7 Redwood 5 8 Redwood 5 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas FirWhitewoods

8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 8

18 Whitewoods 8 19 Whitewoods 7 20 Whitewoods 7 21 Whitewoods 6 22 Whitewoods 6 23 Whitewoods 5 24 Whitewoods 5

D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF

T(jDLE 1 GFDS=vCiLUr-IE T(iEIU~ FOP REDLJDDD TPE ~D--H +++gt1lt++gtltfgtIltgtIlt+lt++ ltltlt1ltgt1lt+++gt1gt1laquo1+ltIlt+-JltgtIlt+lgtflt1ltf lt1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt (lII[LI= 17F EI47

10 FDCT STU~PTD 8D IHCHES TDR DIB

EOUATIDH Y = BOID~Dl) II-1B2) IJII[rE

D=DIAM[T[F DUTSIDE BRPK RT 45 FEI=1

H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE DELDW--

E[IIIRD FOOT yoLUMES--STATISTICRL SUllll(IF

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TABLE 3 GROSS ~JLUME n~BLES FOR REDWOOD iF[oD11 gt1ltgt1ltgt1gt1lt gt1lt gt1gt1lt gt1ltgt1 gt1ltfgtIltjlt jlt jlt gt1lt gt1yojgtIlt gt1 gt1lt1ltgt1+ +gt1ltgt1lt y gt1lt gt1lt gt1lt1lt gtlt1lt+ I 1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt gt1++O+gtIlty ~nrJIL[ 11 C

10 FOOT STUMP TIJ 70 IHCHES TOP D IB

EQUATION V = BO(Di~Bl)(HB2) LHIEPE

D=DIn~TER OUTSIDE BnRK nT 45 FEEl H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOArD FOOT VCiLUMES--STnTISTICAL ~ U r-111n F~

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---i

j C[ WI -~-LL LL

- - --~

W+ =shy W

-

T-

- U~

Q-W J ~ shy~ cshy

~G~- LL LL

-cshy 5~= I

fshy-shy

-CL

c co shy

] U~

U~_---------shy 2

Ck =CT

c -

- ~ rshy rshy

~Gamp

f = -

0-

~

c c

- -----------~ W ) LL

- -- +

shy-shy

cshy

shy

= W - ~ W-

LL

~ -shy _LL ~ -

- Cj

shy ~

J---~ ~-shy--

c T

crCC

shy - -Qshy

shy - shy - - v

CCD

= =~=LL LL

shy

~--~--~-~-shy== C~

- = cshy~shy

Cj

D [-

LL gt1- c shy ~

shy L - U shy shy -~ --

I-shy cshy-CJ -

Lu I

)U I

Lu-- -U iL 1

f-LlJ

- iitI

I-- I

TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

- r~ Cj D CD In [c Cj Cj [r ~ Cj Cj -

c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

oJ ltj

C]D D ~~-

co fc Cj C In C]

J I

f

)f~ -

c Cj-

c Cj fr

~j

[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

~J CO (I flt - Cj-

L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

C]s CO Lt j ~

- C -

C] -

- ~

)-~ COD

C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

LL lt

LLi

shy

uJ

J

fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

- In fshy

- i--

cr fr

~ 7 s

=7

(j C c] e~

J - D In

ishy D j

1(1- u~ [r

- ~

I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

-

C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

fC deg]

-

I CO Q

~~gt-i~

C Cj Lt ~-- -

CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

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- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

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- 23 -

Literature Cited

Akima Hiroshi 1970 A new method of interpolation and smooth curve

fitting based on local procedures ESSA Research Laboratories Boulder Colorado

Baskerville GL1972 Use of logarithmic regression in the estimation

of plant biomass Can J For Res 2(1)49shy53

Bruce Donald Schumacher Francis Y1950 Forest mensuration 3ded xvii 483p

Johnson Floyd A1966 Bark factors for Douglas fir USDA Forest

Servo Res Paper PNW - 34 Pacific NorthwestFor and Rng Exp Sta Portland Ore 3p

Palley Marshall N1959 Board foot volume tables for young growth coashy

stal Redwood California Forestry and ForestProducts No 11 California AgriculturalExpt Station Berkeley California 5p

Wensel Lee C1971 Tree volume equations from measurements taken

with a Barr and Stroud optical dendrometerHilgardia 41(4)55-64

- 24 -

Appendix

CONIFER TREE VOLU~E EQUATIONS

This appendix contains tables of statistical summariesand coefficient estimates of conifer tree volume equationsEach table has six equation summaries three board foot andthree cubic foot each accessed by total height merchantableheight or height in 163 foot logs Stump height isassumed to be one foot and board foot volumes are based onScribner scale with a nominal scaling length of 16 feet witha 3 foot trim allowance Top diameters vary with eachtable Table A1 provides a quick reference guide to tablespecifications

(1) Types of Equations

Equations are of two types

a) D-H Diameter-height equationsb) D-H-GF Diameter-height-form class equations

The form of diameter height equations is indicated

in Fortran notation as

v = BO(DB1)(HB2)

which in regular mathematical notation isb b

V = b D 1H 20

Similarly the form class equations are in Fortrannotation

V = BO(DB1)(HB2)(GFBS)

which in standard notation is equivalent to

b b b V = b 0D 1H 2GF 3

- 25 shy

(2) Exponential Notation

The coefficient estimates are given to 4 signishyficant digits in exponential notation As examples

5639E-03 = 5639x10-3 = 0005639

25639E+02= 5639x10 = 5639

(3) Standard Deviations

a) Logarithmic (LN UNITS) - Standard deviations ofresiduals are reported in natural logarithmic (baseIe) units

b) Normal Units (PERCENT) - Standard deviations arealso reported as a percentage of predicted volumesThis value is also the coefficient of variation

(4) Adjustment for Logarithmic Bias (LN BIAS)

This value is a multiplicative adjustment usushyally negligable that can be used to correct thevolume equations for any inherent bias resulting from the logarithmic transformations in the equation fitting process

(5) Percent Average Deviation (AVE DEV PERCENT)

This value is the average percent deviation ofactual versus predicted values of the sample used infitting the respective equation

(6) Percent Aggregate Difference (AGG DIFF PERCENT)

This value is the percent difference of thetotal actual volume of sample trees versuspredicted Negative values indicate the equationsare low positive values indicate the equations arehigh

---------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------

- 26 -

Quick Reference

TABLE A1

Guide to Conifer Volume Equations

Table No Species Top

Volume

dLb

to

(inches) Equation Type

1 Redwood 8 2 Redwood 8 3 Redwood 7 4 Redwood 7 5 Redwood 6 6 Redwood 6 7 Redwood 5 8 Redwood 5 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas FirWhitewoods

8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 8

18 Whitewoods 8 19 Whitewoods 7 20 Whitewoods 7 21 Whitewoods 6 22 Whitewoods 6 23 Whitewoods 5 24 Whitewoods 5

D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF

T(jDLE 1 GFDS=vCiLUr-IE T(iEIU~ FOP REDLJDDD TPE ~D--H +++gt1lt++gtltfgtIltgtIlt+lt++ ltltlt1ltgt1lt+++gt1gt1laquo1+ltIlt+-JltgtIlt+lgtflt1ltf lt1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt (lII[LI= 17F EI47

10 FDCT STU~PTD 8D IHCHES TDR DIB

EOUATIDH Y = BOID~Dl) II-1B2) IJII[rE

D=DIAM[T[F DUTSIDE BRPK RT 45 FEI=1

H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE DELDW--

E[IIIRD FOOT yoLUMES--STATISTICRL SUllll(IF

I I 1---- I -- - I I 1 ] ] -- --- --- -----

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I UI UHIT~)I 1REPCEllrr I I I I( FEPCEIIT) IPERCEIIT) 1 I 1 I -- I ---- ------ ------- 1 I -shy --- I I 1 1 1 ] -- ----- -- --

H=TCTIIL- HEICIIT I 2D5 I 2273 I 956 I ID21 I 16018 I 646 I 170E-031026[+01 1197[-+[l1 1 I I 1 I 1 1 1 ] [

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TABLE 3 GROSS ~JLUME n~BLES FOR REDWOOD iF[oD11 gt1ltgt1ltgt1gt1lt gt1lt gt1gt1lt gt1ltgt1 gt1ltfgtIltjlt jlt jlt gt1lt gt1yojgtIlt gt1 gt1lt1ltgt1+ +gt1ltgt1lt y gt1lt gt1lt gt1lt1lt gtlt1lt+ I 1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt gt1++O+gtIlty ~nrJIL[ 11 C

10 FOOT STUMP TIJ 70 IHCHES TOP D IB

EQUATION V = BO(Di~Bl)(HB2) LHIEPE

D=DIn~TER OUTSIDE BnRK nT 45 FEEl H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOArD FOOT VCiLUMES--STnTISTICAL ~ U r-111n F~

I I I I -- - I - I 1 1 1 1 I rnIIDfIPD I ~TIIIIDFIFD I I LJJ I FIE 1 AIC 1 I 1 I

H=TOTRl HEICHT

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DE I ATI 011 I (UJ LHIIT) I

I 204 I

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( RErCEHT)

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TnBLE 7 GrOSS VOLUME TABLES FOr rEDWOOD TITI=II-II ~jIltiltIfIIltlt+AltIltjIltII1Iltjfjlt+V++hgtllt+Ijlt+f+j1lt+jltVgtf+fjltj++yengtf FIIHLE IZL 9DO

10 FOOT ~3TlHlr= TO 50] tICHE~3 TOP D I Ei

FeUrn] CHJ = BI] (lHB 1) (HKfB2) IHIErE

D=DIAMETLR OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IH FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BiJHFDFOOT VOLUMES--STHTISTICAL SUIlIlftl] ] 1-------- I I I 1 1 1 11 ~T(jHDIlfD I ~3T(III D FIr]) I I Uj I IIE I AGC I 1 1 ]] ])EI] AT 011 ] DEI AT] ON I RfK2 I B]n~= ] DE I D]FF ] B0 I 81 I 82 ]] (LH UII IT~) 1 ( FEF~CEtIT) I I I (PEfCEIITI I (1r~FIEljT) 1 I I 1] ] I 1 1-------- I -- shy on- - -- 1 ----- I 1 I

H=TOT(1L HEIGHT ] 2H 1 41D I 971 ] 1024 1 16800 ] --2 0~19 ] 1J3 j E - U3 I 0 21 [+0 1 I 1 1[-I U 1 T

] ]------- I -- --_- ] - - -- - ] - - - - ---- I ] [ --1-- I

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H=LOG HE]11-1-1 I 1 ] 1 I I I 12~EHIO] 1694E+0 11 1[516E+0 II] - _- - - -- I I 1 ]----- I 1 ] 1 I

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMFS--STATISTICAL SUr1f1HP(1 --- I 1 - 1 ] I---- ] 1-- ] 1

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I ~TAtmnPD I ~=TntjDnPD ] I UJ I FIiE I Her I I I I

H=TOTAL HEICHT ] 149 I 1609 I 979 1 1 011 I 11 709 I 25 I 903[-C3 I 1792E+0 1 I 121EIIJ 1 I1 1--------- I ] 1-------- I I - I T I

H=11EPCH HE 1CHT I 132 I 141( I 984 I 1009 I 10327 I 2603 I 5[10~JEm021 I596E+fl I 10CE+C11 J1 1---- I I I-- I 1 ] 1 1

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l~BLE 9 cross VOLUME TRBLES FOR DOUGLRS FIR 11 r~1)- H

gtIlt+fgtt-++gtIltjlt+lctfgtjgtjjgtII++++IltffIltIIltf++YIltgtIlt -ltfllllLE~3I L no 10 FOOT Sl~MP TO 80 INCHES TOP D IB

EDURTIDrl 130(IlfgtfD I ) UIB2) IJHEPE

D=DIRM~TER OUTSIDE BRRK AT 45 FEET 11=HE ] CI-Ilshy ] 11 FEET DF~ tILlf1EiEf~~ DI L[lC~=---~=[E BELDLJ--

BorWD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL 3L1f--1rlAR ] 1 1---- I I 1---_----shy 1 1- 1 1 1 I

STANDARD 1 Sl~NDARD 1 DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2

1 LJJ I I B If1S I

rIF DE

I 1IGLi 1 DIFF

I 1 J ] I 80 I 81 1 82 1

I (Ul LlHIr) I (PERCErn) I 1 I (PERCEtIT) 1 (P[PCEtrn II I 1 1 1- I --- -- 1 1- ----shy ) 1 1 1

H=TOTf4L HEIGHT I 154 11670 1 967 1 1012 1 11681 1 -1153 I 1Opound9E-[12 I I 793E+0 II lCU9[+U 1 I 1 1 1shy ] 1 1------ I ----- - - - ---] shy - -I I ---

I-I=IIEFCH I-IEI CHr I ID 1 II 13 1 984 I 1006 1 E213 1 1 29~ilE-O 11 IJ2~IE+O II 11iEICilI1236

1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 --H=LOG I-IEICHT 1 1 1 1 1 I I 79CI2[HII] 1 152(jf~H] 1 1 II7[ICll1

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CLIEIC FOOT VOLUMES--STRTISTICAL ~ U flrl14 P

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H=TOTIL H[IGHT I 13 I 1 14[15 I 971 I 1009 1 9t19 1 - R3C I I [l4l--0I I 703EH] II 1379E+0 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I 1 - 1

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lJJ gt-ltLL -1 = ~ CW

LL ~ CL CTD = ~

--7 - i ~t~ --QC co H - ~~ I H

ij ([ w - T - == -1 W+W sect = shy

---gt ~ - - T - CI LW 7

- -- u 5GG5GC shy-L 7c en -- Q 0--7~ - U~ = C7 w co

w ~ CJ ~D - CL ~- I

- 7 [- shy-1gt - ~ttJ CO~-shy5~ = LL

D II

-- U~ C] o~ L - - --

~ -- ~ -shy~

--- - UJ I --

I~ + - = ~ pgt ~~~_~H~~--~

~

shy D -shy

~ eel gt-lt-- --iL -w I C i

~7 = QC crJW -

w+ - = -- 0~

-1~ W - cCJ7c D-- CO~~~__~H___~ -

- u cshy-i-- ~ cshy-~ Ur co 0 I U ur D _Ho

gGl~ 0 C

en ~

~~~H~__~~

- II QD--Q-- [r cr I - ur ~

I = ~ cshy_H -W-1U~ -

~__HHshy

r-- ishy

~ Uj

lJJ i M

- I w

- Uf= LL IUjD DIi- - -1 n II r r r

-~-~-~-~~

i-

-

--

iJJ -

-~~~-~~~

i - - i- - 3

c WW = =

-

- -~_---~~~--~ ---~~

h -- -

u~ -

=

w

--

u -rshyJJ shy

-~-~~ ~ ~ ~ ~

-

co

i-

Ii) C i

WLL1i

_C

--shy

I D

i

J

- - --J -

in

I-- ~shy~shy

-L-7c

7c L~ ~

c~ = -c ~

lt-lt ~

~~2 U~i C I

LuU

C7 - - i-+~

~ ~

- shy

pishy-- c -

c t-C~ Cc shy -shy

u+lt-shy7c

+shy-

- co

3

LJ

6

shy

=- W co

L

Lc U LJ - LLDtshy

~ -shyfJ

ishy rshy -

ishylt--~W

co -

- -ishy -

~ ishy

uj --Lee J

W D ~i

- tshyi~iiJJ Q f- W = - LL LL D

- - ~

-

- w ---

Q

i LL W J LL U (I-CL- ishy

-U)-- -shy ~~~U~I

fshy ishy Uj---shyIi

ishy ~ ~

-

5

u D 0

C]

fshy-1

-

CL

i

j -1

fshy

~

-

shy

~shy

-

--

J c U - -c co

iT

j

in I

7

C)

~--shy

--

Tshy -~ rshy

- -- -shy i-W

LL

- LL

D co - ~

C LL

CC c-

- - - ~

ishy - CLshyshy f- LlJ - I - L - CL r- LLJ --U~= -

D

--

f

-

~~~-~~~

=6~c- -I fshy ~

e I-- S-C-j--

f~ -

Igt == f-wJ Ui - -

--~~~~

fshy-shy

shy- r-

UJ I

- t= D tshy

I

i

L

L

f II

~

-- -

-

--

~j

~ -- - ~ -- --

-- J -i-shy-

cu = I i -ishy

- -- - - -----gtshy

w ~L -- -- W CI - c D

C=f ~ - ~ ~~ I gt~ -

j- u ~i~ -shy~---shy~ ~

~

- =1 t T rltU ~ ~ lJJ -W --

in in U~ D w ~~ CD CO w C] ~- - J -- ~~ ~

~---~

~shy~--~--~ r~ I C] D [~i Ci iJ ~ D

~ T I + LL J lJJ lJJ LU

- J 0 -- w co Tshy

~ W D Cj CD L cr C]

~il1lJJ

LL lJJ ~--~~

U~ cn - L f- f- Ishy~ ~ lJJ U~ J Cr- - -- T [~ lJJ ~ ~ LL LLi ~ ~ ~ LL LU

D

= 1 ~ LLe ~LL J J ~LL U il 1 I~il CL II -- il~ 1 shy- 7-- in II 1 Q W I C] QilJ

- I l 1 J I i J CL 1e I - I I = ~ I

= I I J I I = I~a~ f-il U~--~~~~~---~~ U~~~~~ I lJJ

n -+ e CD GG J -w

II I- - fshy ~ ~w~t

~- u ~ -wgtw

cr)

L JgtW

LU - -gtWU j - gtLUU crr--~ il U~ II lt= CL i U~ II lt= il

we W I p] (i ~ LU 0) w l- CLI~ r- CL tt s ~ t- II I II

Sf 1

-(I [2tij I-U~~~~

I ~~~~~

I-CI~~~~

= LL I D I

c- - cn u U~ co r- I In ~ ~ ~ il~ z c ~ I G z G D I =~ - shyef= w - CD - A -- ~ ~ ~ Di

3~ - ~~ ~ ~ I i ~ J -D C J I I

C I ~ gt gt I i -- ~~~~~ ~ ~ ~- ~---~-~-shyf- T - ~ f- Ishy

~ - -iI

-- DD

OJh- ~ f-u LL C) shy-- CT

7- L =w lt= I ~ il I il

-~ - I W D

w~~~~-~~~~~~ r--

T ~

QDfshy -- crf-W = lt=I U CO Z~il IIgt W r- r i-WCL U~ lt= ~

~~-~~-~

J 1 z U~Ilt=Dishylil~~ 1 ~I G i- z (1 pjI lt=II gtI z ~I IIgtZII-LU I cn lt= -

I

Ishyr fJ -- ishy

lJJ LJ r

-shyI I- D iJ D I- L- II II II

r r r

~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~

~

~

-

LlJ I

--

~ ~ shy H

~

-~ ~

-- H c--shy

c-

shy -~ ~ ~~ -~~~~ HH~iHH_~~

+

i --

C i cr

- i

~~~~shy -~ ~ H

- 0~

-= C- LL w Lj

c -

0 0

CTi

lt-f ILshy

~ shy

LL W

-

G -10

-shy

- - - iT

w~ j iLL LL n cr

= -S2

LL = shyi

LL ~

- I - 2

u~ +

~2shy

-LL LL

~

L

DCP LL CC rshy

~

C--2W I H

HH~_~_~shy

(C LJ i~i

un U~ c ~- H

LL+W G

- U~ Cj - -shy ~ - C ~ r~i

L ~~ = shy - ~ ~ -~ u l--

LlJ - - W

w r 9i

---CL

- --li

-1+ 22J~~ ~~~~~

- - shygt + C shy -

~ - -- - -

- -

i- ~ -shy -shy

CL ~ J gt

--3 7-

J ~shy ~~~~~ - -shy --

-shy

c D -

+LL ~+

~ ~ -

f-LL I 2

~j c

i

D-

C C JW = ~c

~ ~ LL c ---~ - r- cc - -

~~~_H~~H

- - ~

r--LLL u -shy -

~~~~~~~

QS~-

Ci shy

-- U - +

J ---

LL-1 ~ A -

fshy -shy

- -LlJ -

shy~

J

I u jshy -i- ishy

u II

D

- ~ ~ - shy~~~--

-~lJJ w

- - C

-- - cj

~~ ~ ~ ~ shy

~ +LL uJ -shy

-- OJ shy

~ ~

~~~-~ ~--~--C2

ilJ LiJ lJJ-G rshyiei-

lJJ OJ CO -

OJ u~ cr

- - i-- -shyiJ7ishy ~ ~ ~ ~

-

-C- if-i fshy

~ lJJcn ~ co

L7 CJiJLiJ - l iJ lJJlJJ tJ

LLJ~ ~- CJ -- -J - 15 iJU

IS - Q~T ~ c - C =wshy -C- --- w - - -- U~

~ gt- = - IT - shy- - shy~ -

i- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ iI ~ iJf- C] i

ii ~ ii u JI iJ7i-LiJ ~ ~ - r- i II - ~ - - gt- i f~ -

-

G -~ i-

f- ~ lJJuJ f- ~~(J -

c

wi- f-~ c C) IS Q iI Q Q

lJJD LiJ i

OJ - gt- fshyT~ ~ ~f- I

_~i lJJ= In ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ r- -- cn~~~~~ U~~~~

- iJ

-~ V c- - cr - I

--C~ ~ ----

C] = I

w gt- G e J-IS f- gt- OJ G~ cc - - ~

- -

-i

-~~~~shy~LiJ~ef- gtshy

-7-0 f- -- j -i -- uJ Ci]

ilS ec ~ c

~f-

7- --i - -

LJJ - -- Q ~

lJJ IS

Gcc ~~-~shyf-

f- -[L ~

[shy~ -

3c~-

-- gt- j

-~ -

Q ISshyiJ~ ~

i-- r- -- Cf

Q = =-IS-gtshy

~ shy

f- fshy

--shyu

w lJJ

-J -- --

r- ~- shy

F -d J

IiI

----~_r-~shy~ - - i = I i C i

-- [

-

D ~i~- shy

- ~- r- r-shy ~ shy - ~ ~ shy - -~ ~ - ~

--- ~

-

=shy- - W

shy ishy

r

~-~-shy ----~ ~ --

shy

Cj

SJ +

W shycr CT i- -- -

~

0 D -Lu

~--~~-shy-

J

- ~shy

[shy

W C -- r-

-In cr u cI

Lu W D [ Cj C co U

----

-~----

LL

L1 u -

= ~ QJ

LU U~ U ) LL = cshy

-

)LLW) LL ~

~ - -Q

shycr r~

J C shy-

Q

~ ~ - ~ LL CC r-

LL u

wi LL -

shyf-2W un --shy

-

---i

j C[ WI -~-LL LL

- - --~

W+ =shy W

-

T-

- U~

Q-W J ~ shy~ cshy

~G~- LL LL

-cshy 5~= I

fshy-shy

-CL

c co shy

] U~

U~_---------shy 2

Ck =CT

c -

- ~ rshy rshy

~Gamp

f = -

0-

~

c c

- -----------~ W ) LL

- -- +

shy-shy

cshy

shy

= W - ~ W-

LL

~ -shy _LL ~ -

- Cj

shy ~

J---~ ~-shy--

c T

crCC

shy - -Qshy

shy - shy - - v

CCD

= =~=LL LL

shy

~--~--~-~-shy== C~

- = cshy~shy

Cj

D [-

LL gt1- c shy ~

shy L - U shy shy -~ --

I-shy cshy-CJ -

Lu I

)U I

Lu-- -U iL 1

f-LlJ

- iitI

I-- I

TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

- r~ Cj D CD In [c Cj Cj [r ~ Cj Cj -

c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

oJ ltj

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co fc Cj C In C]

J I

f

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c Cj-

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~j

[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

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L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

C]s CO Lt j ~

- C -

C] -

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C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

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LLi

shy

uJ

J

fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

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cr fr

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=7

(j C c] e~

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ishy D j

1(1- u~ [r

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I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

-

C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

fC deg]

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I CO Q

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C Cj Lt ~-- -

CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

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cr co

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D D fshy f f= ~ ~s~

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CCshy fr shy crco

shyr

r U~ co f

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D ~ J U~ CT CO co

= co

f C co f- CD r-

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ill

U-i lCi I

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W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

-

--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

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CI jr

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---- shy --shy -- -shy

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J C 1 --- J- CO DC ID - C1CC]CJ

co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

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fshyn shy

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fshy

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C J) n i= C 7 1) - -j C Cj

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- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

c

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D Cj S~[~~2

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C n i~ j n c r C J j Uc J Cj Cj ~ ~

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c)

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GFI~I~= E[rIPD FCiOT OLUIIETIIFI [ [ilIHE [=[111 1 FllOr =TIIIIF TO ~) IIICH TiiF I I II~I file 1(111lt)

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T(ELE Cl DOIJC[(I F IF

[iPCI~CLIFIC I-[lOT lOLUIn rnHIE~LUME rROM 1 FOOT STIJMP TO 5 INCH TOP ( 11131Dr uriiIlt)

DElli ITITn I IlL I GHT (fTr FI (I tICIIE) 2[1 --I] 1[1 50 bO 70 80 9n lGG l1l1 120

----shy

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114 4 11 15 19 ~4 29 34 39 ~t_ 51 -~16 5 3 1 lC n 2~ 35 42 49 ~i6 to

c 0010 6 10 16 LL 55 43 50 ~j9 b 6

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34 16 29 43 f~D 7 96 11 130 161 IB~i ltU9 c 1036 17 - 1 47 65 1 lOb LJ J - 1f 20

C 1 ~12 1 1~5 165 1SJ2 2U3 19 34 131

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- 24 -

Appendix

CONIFER TREE VOLU~E EQUATIONS

This appendix contains tables of statistical summariesand coefficient estimates of conifer tree volume equationsEach table has six equation summaries three board foot andthree cubic foot each accessed by total height merchantableheight or height in 163 foot logs Stump height isassumed to be one foot and board foot volumes are based onScribner scale with a nominal scaling length of 16 feet witha 3 foot trim allowance Top diameters vary with eachtable Table A1 provides a quick reference guide to tablespecifications

(1) Types of Equations

Equations are of two types

a) D-H Diameter-height equationsb) D-H-GF Diameter-height-form class equations

The form of diameter height equations is indicated

in Fortran notation as

v = BO(DB1)(HB2)

which in regular mathematical notation isb b

V = b D 1H 20

Similarly the form class equations are in Fortrannotation

V = BO(DB1)(HB2)(GFBS)

which in standard notation is equivalent to

b b b V = b 0D 1H 2GF 3

- 25 shy

(2) Exponential Notation

The coefficient estimates are given to 4 signishyficant digits in exponential notation As examples

5639E-03 = 5639x10-3 = 0005639

25639E+02= 5639x10 = 5639

(3) Standard Deviations

a) Logarithmic (LN UNITS) - Standard deviations ofresiduals are reported in natural logarithmic (baseIe) units

b) Normal Units (PERCENT) - Standard deviations arealso reported as a percentage of predicted volumesThis value is also the coefficient of variation

(4) Adjustment for Logarithmic Bias (LN BIAS)

This value is a multiplicative adjustment usushyally negligable that can be used to correct thevolume equations for any inherent bias resulting from the logarithmic transformations in the equation fitting process

(5) Percent Average Deviation (AVE DEV PERCENT)

This value is the average percent deviation ofactual versus predicted values of the sample used infitting the respective equation

(6) Percent Aggregate Difference (AGG DIFF PERCENT)

This value is the percent difference of thetotal actual volume of sample trees versuspredicted Negative values indicate the equationsare low positive values indicate the equations arehigh

---------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------

- 26 -

Quick Reference

TABLE A1

Guide to Conifer Volume Equations

Table No Species Top

Volume

dLb

to

(inches) Equation Type

1 Redwood 8 2 Redwood 8 3 Redwood 7 4 Redwood 7 5 Redwood 6 6 Redwood 6 7 Redwood 5 8 Redwood 5 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas FirWhitewoods

8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 8

18 Whitewoods 8 19 Whitewoods 7 20 Whitewoods 7 21 Whitewoods 6 22 Whitewoods 6 23 Whitewoods 5 24 Whitewoods 5

D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF

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10 FDCT STU~PTD 8D IHCHES TDR DIB

EOUATIDH Y = BOID~Dl) II-1B2) IJII[rE

D=DIAM[T[F DUTSIDE BRPK RT 45 FEI=1

H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE DELDW--

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TABLE 3 GROSS ~JLUME n~BLES FOR REDWOOD iF[oD11 gt1ltgt1ltgt1gt1lt gt1lt gt1gt1lt gt1ltgt1 gt1ltfgtIltjlt jlt jlt gt1lt gt1yojgtIlt gt1 gt1lt1ltgt1+ +gt1ltgt1lt y gt1lt gt1lt gt1lt1lt gtlt1lt+ I 1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt gt1++O+gtIlty ~nrJIL[ 11 C

10 FOOT STUMP TIJ 70 IHCHES TOP D IB

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(J i- COA ([ = 1 - I

~ 2

1-

LL H )

I shy

u =-r- - shyc w ci- J

ii II

I

TnBLE 7 GrOSS VOLUME TABLES FOr rEDWOOD TITI=II-II ~jIltiltIfIIltlt+AltIltjIltII1Iltjfjlt+V++hgtllt+Ijlt+f+j1lt+jltVgtf+fjltj++yengtf FIIHLE IZL 9DO

10 FOOT ~3TlHlr= TO 50] tICHE~3 TOP D I Ei

FeUrn] CHJ = BI] (lHB 1) (HKfB2) IHIErE

D=DIAMETLR OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IH FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BiJHFDFOOT VOLUMES--STHTISTICAL SUIlIlftl] ] 1-------- I I I 1 1 1 11 ~T(jHDIlfD I ~3T(III D FIr]) I I Uj I IIE I AGC I 1 1 ]] ])EI] AT 011 ] DEI AT] ON I RfK2 I B]n~= ] DE I D]FF ] B0 I 81 I 82 ]] (LH UII IT~) 1 ( FEF~CEtIT) I I I (PEfCEIITI I (1r~FIEljT) 1 I I 1] ] I 1 1-------- I -- shy on- - -- 1 ----- I 1 I

H=TOT(1L HEIGHT ] 2H 1 41D I 971 ] 1024 1 16800 ] --2 0~19 ] 1J3 j E - U3 I 0 21 [+0 1 I 1 1[-I U 1 T

] ]------- I -- --_- ] - - -- - ] - - - - ---- I ] [ --1-- I

] I I 1 1----- ] 1 [ 1 ---1H=IIEICHHE] CHT I 1[j I 1849 I 982 ] 1015 I 13243 I 1 -37 I 23[111 -1]2 I HSI4[+O 1 I 1~)16L +U 11

H=LOG HE]11-1-1 I 1 ] 1 I I I 12~EHIO] 1694E+0 11 1[516E+0 II] - _- - - -- I I 1 ]----- I 1 ] 1 I

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMFS--STATISTICAL SUr1f1HP(1 --- I 1 - 1 ] I---- ] 1-- ] 1

1 I)E]I1TIDII I DEIHTIOtl I PI+2 I 13]It3 I DE I DIfF I 80 I Bl ] B +] (LH Utl ITS) I (PEPCEtIT) I I I ( PEPCEIIT) I (PEFCEtH) I ] I ]1 ---------- I I ] -- I I I -- -- ---- I - I J

I ~TAtmnPD I ~=TntjDnPD ] I UJ I FIiE I Her I I I I

H=TOTAL HEICHT ] 149 I 1609 I 979 1 1 011 I 11 709 I 25 I 903[-C3 I 1792E+0 1 I 121EIIJ 1 I1 1--------- I ] 1-------- I I - I T I

H=11EPCH HE 1CHT I 132 I 141( I 984 I 1009 I 10327 I 2603 I 5[10~JEm021 I596E+fl I 10CE+C11 J1 1---- I I I-- I 1 ] 1 1

H=LOG HEI GI-n ] I I I I I I 967CE-01 ]15[+011 1(1(DE+Ol1] ]---- ] 1 ]-- ] ] 1 1 1

--

~~~~~ ~~H__~--~

c) ~ -

shy - HHHHHH_HH ----~

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co CJ CD Cj C

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--- ltL f- CL I ~7o cJ l - - ~f= f-eltW II~H~~

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- - - ~ -

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5~ = 2 s c _UJ U~ -~

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H

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b l~ e- ~ ~ -co

s -

LlJ~ -1 cJtr-- =uCt 5

H~H_~= -J ~W fshy

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f- fshy

cJ

W llJ -

--

f- 0 -C) D l- = -1 ii Ii ii

r r

l~BLE 9 cross VOLUME TRBLES FOR DOUGLRS FIR 11 r~1)- H

gtIlt+fgtt-++gtIltjlt+lctfgtjgtjjgtII++++IltffIltIIltf++YIltgtIlt -ltfllllLE~3I L no 10 FOOT Sl~MP TO 80 INCHES TOP D IB

EDURTIDrl 130(IlfgtfD I ) UIB2) IJHEPE

D=DIRM~TER OUTSIDE BRRK AT 45 FEET 11=HE ] CI-Ilshy ] 11 FEET DF~ tILlf1EiEf~~ DI L[lC~=---~=[E BELDLJ--

BorWD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL 3L1f--1rlAR ] 1 1---- I I 1---_----shy 1 1- 1 1 1 I

STANDARD 1 Sl~NDARD 1 DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2

1 LJJ I I B If1S I

rIF DE

I 1IGLi 1 DIFF

I 1 J ] I 80 I 81 1 82 1

I (Ul LlHIr) I (PERCErn) I 1 I (PERCEtIT) 1 (P[PCEtrn II I 1 1 1- I --- -- 1 1- ----shy ) 1 1 1

H=TOTf4L HEIGHT I 154 11670 1 967 1 1012 1 11681 1 -1153 I 1Opound9E-[12 I I 793E+0 II lCU9[+U 1 I 1 1 1shy ] 1 1------ I ----- - - - ---] shy - -I I ---

I-I=IIEFCH I-IEI CHr I ID 1 II 13 1 984 I 1006 1 E213 1 1 29~ilE-O 11 IJ2~IE+O II 11iEICilI1236

1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 --H=LOG I-IEICHT 1 1 1 1 1 I I 79CI2[HII] 1 152(jf~H] 1 1 II7[ICll1

1 1 1 1 1 1 I ---- -- - --- I shy - I- - --- - [ ------

CLIEIC FOOT VOLUMES--STRTISTICAL ~ U flrl14 P

1 1 1---shy 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1 J =TmID~IRD I STIIIJDbIPD 1 I Ll1 1 fl[ I AGG 1 ] [ I 1 DElbITIOll I DE 1 biT 1 ON 1 f(++2 I Ellfl~ I DE 1 DlfF I 80 1 81 1 B2 I I (LH lJtjIF) 1 (PERCEIIT) 1 1 1 (PERCEIIT) 1 (PERCENT) 1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] I I - - ---1 - - 1 --_ 1 -- - --- - _shy I ---

H=TOTIL H[IGHT I 13 I 1 14[15 I 971 I 1009 1 9t19 1 - R3C I I [l4l--0I I 703EH] II 1379E+0 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I 1 - 1

1-1=III~fCH HIICIIT 1 D~II 1 ~I 4= 1 986 ] 1004 1 6 7~i 1 91~ ] 121I[-D] IclSE+II] 11111[1111I 1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I ] I I 1201UI+CIIIII47~JE+OII mIIE-I)l] I I I 1 -- -- 1 I - shy _-shy - I ---shy- -- I 1 -shy - I --------- ----- -----

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LL

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shy

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LL gt1- c shy ~

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TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

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rr

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CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

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3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

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D D fshy f f= ~ ~s~

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shyr

r U~ co f

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co 0 CO co

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D ~ J U~ CT CO co

= co

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W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

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--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

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CI jr

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J (j

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---- shy --shy -- -shy

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co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

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fshyn shy

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Cj -

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fshy

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C J) n i= C 7 1) - -j C Cj

g

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f~1 OJ

CO

f-CD

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lr) r~1 fshy -

In f

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pJ CO

en rshy

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c C (j ID co 13)f~ ~ f ~ ~~G~A~ U~DCj f~i r~1 f~ i~

- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

c

csshyOJ C

D Cj S~[~~2

- - J coCJ 2~~~4 ~ --

~-

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(2) Exponential Notation

The coefficient estimates are given to 4 signishyficant digits in exponential notation As examples

5639E-03 = 5639x10-3 = 0005639

25639E+02= 5639x10 = 5639

(3) Standard Deviations

a) Logarithmic (LN UNITS) - Standard deviations ofresiduals are reported in natural logarithmic (baseIe) units

b) Normal Units (PERCENT) - Standard deviations arealso reported as a percentage of predicted volumesThis value is also the coefficient of variation

(4) Adjustment for Logarithmic Bias (LN BIAS)

This value is a multiplicative adjustment usushyally negligable that can be used to correct thevolume equations for any inherent bias resulting from the logarithmic transformations in the equation fitting process

(5) Percent Average Deviation (AVE DEV PERCENT)

This value is the average percent deviation ofactual versus predicted values of the sample used infitting the respective equation

(6) Percent Aggregate Difference (AGG DIFF PERCENT)

This value is the percent difference of thetotal actual volume of sample trees versuspredicted Negative values indicate the equationsare low positive values indicate the equations arehigh

---------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------

- 26 -

Quick Reference

TABLE A1

Guide to Conifer Volume Equations

Table No Species Top

Volume

dLb

to

(inches) Equation Type

1 Redwood 8 2 Redwood 8 3 Redwood 7 4 Redwood 7 5 Redwood 6 6 Redwood 6 7 Redwood 5 8 Redwood 5 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas FirWhitewoods

8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 8

18 Whitewoods 8 19 Whitewoods 7 20 Whitewoods 7 21 Whitewoods 6 22 Whitewoods 6 23 Whitewoods 5 24 Whitewoods 5

D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF

T(jDLE 1 GFDS=vCiLUr-IE T(iEIU~ FOP REDLJDDD TPE ~D--H +++gt1lt++gtltfgtIltgtIlt+lt++ ltltlt1ltgt1lt+++gt1gt1laquo1+ltIlt+-JltgtIlt+lgtflt1ltf lt1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt (lII[LI= 17F EI47

10 FDCT STU~PTD 8D IHCHES TDR DIB

EOUATIDH Y = BOID~Dl) II-1B2) IJII[rE

D=DIAM[T[F DUTSIDE BRPK RT 45 FEI=1

H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE DELDW--

E[IIIRD FOOT yoLUMES--STATISTICRL SUllll(IF

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TABLE 3 GROSS ~JLUME n~BLES FOR REDWOOD iF[oD11 gt1ltgt1ltgt1gt1lt gt1lt gt1gt1lt gt1ltgt1 gt1ltfgtIltjlt jlt jlt gt1lt gt1yojgtIlt gt1 gt1lt1ltgt1+ +gt1ltgt1lt y gt1lt gt1lt gt1lt1lt gtlt1lt+ I 1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt gt1++O+gtIlty ~nrJIL[ 11 C

10 FOOT STUMP TIJ 70 IHCHES TOP D IB

EQUATION V = BO(Di~Bl)(HB2) LHIEPE

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0 0

CTi

lt-f ILshy

~ shy

LL W

-

G -10

-shy

- - - iT

w~ j iLL LL n cr

= -S2

LL = shyi

LL ~

- I - 2

u~ +

~2shy

-LL LL

~

L

DCP LL CC rshy

~

C--2W I H

HH~_~_~shy

(C LJ i~i

un U~ c ~- H

LL+W G

- U~ Cj - -shy ~ - C ~ r~i

L ~~ = shy - ~ ~ -~ u l--

LlJ - - W

w r 9i

---CL

- --li

-1+ 22J~~ ~~~~~

- - shygt + C shy -

~ - -- - -

- -

i- ~ -shy -shy

CL ~ J gt

--3 7-

J ~shy ~~~~~ - -shy --

-shy

c D -

+LL ~+

~ ~ -

f-LL I 2

~j c

i

D-

C C JW = ~c

~ ~ LL c ---~ - r- cc - -

~~~_H~~H

- - ~

r--LLL u -shy -

~~~~~~~

QS~-

Ci shy

-- U - +

J ---

LL-1 ~ A -

fshy -shy

- -LlJ -

shy~

J

I u jshy -i- ishy

u II

D

- ~ ~ - shy~~~--

-~lJJ w

- - C

-- - cj

~~ ~ ~ ~ shy

~ +LL uJ -shy

-- OJ shy

~ ~

~~~-~ ~--~--C2

ilJ LiJ lJJ-G rshyiei-

lJJ OJ CO -

OJ u~ cr

- - i-- -shyiJ7ishy ~ ~ ~ ~

-

-C- if-i fshy

~ lJJcn ~ co

L7 CJiJLiJ - l iJ lJJlJJ tJ

LLJ~ ~- CJ -- -J - 15 iJU

IS - Q~T ~ c - C =wshy -C- --- w - - -- U~

~ gt- = - IT - shy- - shy~ -

i- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ iI ~ iJf- C] i

ii ~ ii u JI iJ7i-LiJ ~ ~ - r- i II - ~ - - gt- i f~ -

-

G -~ i-

f- ~ lJJuJ f- ~~(J -

c

wi- f-~ c C) IS Q iI Q Q

lJJD LiJ i

OJ - gt- fshyT~ ~ ~f- I

_~i lJJ= In ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ r- -- cn~~~~~ U~~~~

- iJ

-~ V c- - cr - I

--C~ ~ ----

C] = I

w gt- G e J-IS f- gt- OJ G~ cc - - ~

- -

-i

-~~~~shy~LiJ~ef- gtshy

-7-0 f- -- j -i -- uJ Ci]

ilS ec ~ c

~f-

7- --i - -

LJJ - -- Q ~

lJJ IS

Gcc ~~-~shyf-

f- -[L ~

[shy~ -

3c~-

-- gt- j

-~ -

Q ISshyiJ~ ~

i-- r- -- Cf

Q = =-IS-gtshy

~ shy

f- fshy

--shyu

w lJJ

-J -- --

r- ~- shy

F -d J

IiI

----~_r-~shy~ - - i = I i C i

-- [

-

D ~i~- shy

- ~- r- r-shy ~ shy - ~ ~ shy - -~ ~ - ~

--- ~

-

=shy- - W

shy ishy

r

~-~-shy ----~ ~ --

shy

Cj

SJ +

W shycr CT i- -- -

~

0 D -Lu

~--~~-shy-

J

- ~shy

[shy

W C -- r-

-In cr u cI

Lu W D [ Cj C co U

----

-~----

LL

L1 u -

= ~ QJ

LU U~ U ) LL = cshy

-

)LLW) LL ~

~ - -Q

shycr r~

J C shy-

Q

~ ~ - ~ LL CC r-

LL u

wi LL -

shyf-2W un --shy

-

---i

j C[ WI -~-LL LL

- - --~

W+ =shy W

-

T-

- U~

Q-W J ~ shy~ cshy

~G~- LL LL

-cshy 5~= I

fshy-shy

-CL

c co shy

] U~

U~_---------shy 2

Ck =CT

c -

- ~ rshy rshy

~Gamp

f = -

0-

~

c c

- -----------~ W ) LL

- -- +

shy-shy

cshy

shy

= W - ~ W-

LL

~ -shy _LL ~ -

- Cj

shy ~

J---~ ~-shy--

c T

crCC

shy - -Qshy

shy - shy - - v

CCD

= =~=LL LL

shy

~--~--~-~-shy== C~

- = cshy~shy

Cj

D [-

LL gt1- c shy ~

shy L - U shy shy -~ --

I-shy cshy-CJ -

Lu I

)U I

Lu-- -U iL 1

f-LlJ

- iitI

I-- I

TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

- r~ Cj D CD In [c Cj Cj [r ~ Cj Cj -

c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

oJ ltj

C]D D ~~-

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TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

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70 j 71 61

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78

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71

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75

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79

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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

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---------------------------------------------------------------

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- 26 -

Quick Reference

TABLE A1

Guide to Conifer Volume Equations

Table No Species Top

Volume

dLb

to

(inches) Equation Type

1 Redwood 8 2 Redwood 8 3 Redwood 7 4 Redwood 7 5 Redwood 6 6 Redwood 6 7 Redwood 5 8 Redwood 5 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas Fir Douglas FirWhitewoods

8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 8

18 Whitewoods 8 19 Whitewoods 7 20 Whitewoods 7 21 Whitewoods 6 22 Whitewoods 6 23 Whitewoods 5 24 Whitewoods 5

D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF D-H D-H-GF

T(jDLE 1 GFDS=vCiLUr-IE T(iEIU~ FOP REDLJDDD TPE ~D--H +++gt1lt++gtltfgtIltgtIlt+lt++ ltltlt1ltgt1lt+++gt1gt1laquo1+ltIlt+-JltgtIlt+lgtflt1ltf lt1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt (lII[LI= 17F EI47

10 FDCT STU~PTD 8D IHCHES TDR DIB

EOUATIDH Y = BOID~Dl) II-1B2) IJII[rE

D=DIAM[T[F DUTSIDE BRPK RT 45 FEI=1

H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE DELDW--

E[IIIRD FOOT yoLUMES--STATISTICRL SUllll(IF

I I 1---- I -- - I I 1 ] ] -- --- --- -----

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I UI UHIT~)I 1REPCEllrr I I I I( FEPCEIIT) IPERCEIIT) 1 I 1 I -- I ---- ------ ------- 1 I -shy --- I I 1 1 1 ] -- ----- -- --

H=TCTIIL- HEICIIT I 2D5 I 2273 I 956 I ID21 I 16018 I 646 I 170E-031026[+01 1197[-+[l1 1 I I 1 I 1 1 1 ] [

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I

TABLE 3 GROSS ~JLUME n~BLES FOR REDWOOD iF[oD11 gt1ltgt1ltgt1gt1lt gt1lt gt1gt1lt gt1ltgt1 gt1ltfgtIltjlt jlt jlt gt1lt gt1yojgtIlt gt1 gt1lt1ltgt1+ +gt1ltgt1lt y gt1lt gt1lt gt1lt1lt gtlt1lt+ I 1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt gt1++O+gtIlty ~nrJIL[ 11 C

10 FOOT STUMP TIJ 70 IHCHES TOP D IB

EQUATION V = BO(Di~Bl)(HB2) LHIEPE

D=DIn~TER OUTSIDE BnRK nT 45 FEEl H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOArD FOOT VCiLUMES--STnTISTICAL ~ U r-111n F~

I I I I -- - I - I 1 1 1 1 I rnIIDfIPD I ~TIIIIDFIFD I I LJJ I FIE 1 AIC 1 I 1 I

H=TOTRl HEICHT

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DE I ATI 011 I (UJ LHIIT) I

I 204 I

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TnBLE 7 GrOSS VOLUME TABLES FOr rEDWOOD TITI=II-II ~jIltiltIfIIltlt+AltIltjIltII1Iltjfjlt+V++hgtllt+Ijlt+f+j1lt+jltVgtf+fjltj++yengtf FIIHLE IZL 9DO

10 FOOT ~3TlHlr= TO 50] tICHE~3 TOP D I Ei

FeUrn] CHJ = BI] (lHB 1) (HKfB2) IHIErE

D=DIAMETLR OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IH FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BiJHFDFOOT VOLUMES--STHTISTICAL SUIlIlftl] ] 1-------- I I I 1 1 1 11 ~T(jHDIlfD I ~3T(III D FIr]) I I Uj I IIE I AGC I 1 1 ]] ])EI] AT 011 ] DEI AT] ON I RfK2 I B]n~= ] DE I D]FF ] B0 I 81 I 82 ]] (LH UII IT~) 1 ( FEF~CEtIT) I I I (PEfCEIITI I (1r~FIEljT) 1 I I 1] ] I 1 1-------- I -- shy on- - -- 1 ----- I 1 I

H=TOT(1L HEIGHT ] 2H 1 41D I 971 ] 1024 1 16800 ] --2 0~19 ] 1J3 j E - U3 I 0 21 [+0 1 I 1 1[-I U 1 T

] ]------- I -- --_- ] - - -- - ] - - - - ---- I ] [ --1-- I

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I ~TAtmnPD I ~=TntjDnPD ] I UJ I FIiE I Her I I I I

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r r

l~BLE 9 cross VOLUME TRBLES FOR DOUGLRS FIR 11 r~1)- H

gtIlt+fgtt-++gtIltjlt+lctfgtjgtjjgtII++++IltffIltIIltf++YIltgtIlt -ltfllllLE~3I L no 10 FOOT Sl~MP TO 80 INCHES TOP D IB

EDURTIDrl 130(IlfgtfD I ) UIB2) IJHEPE

D=DIRM~TER OUTSIDE BRRK AT 45 FEET 11=HE ] CI-Ilshy ] 11 FEET DF~ tILlf1EiEf~~ DI L[lC~=---~=[E BELDLJ--

BorWD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL 3L1f--1rlAR ] 1 1---- I I 1---_----shy 1 1- 1 1 1 I

STANDARD 1 Sl~NDARD 1 DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2

1 LJJ I I B If1S I

rIF DE

I 1IGLi 1 DIFF

I 1 J ] I 80 I 81 1 82 1

I (Ul LlHIr) I (PERCErn) I 1 I (PERCEtIT) 1 (P[PCEtrn II I 1 1 1- I --- -- 1 1- ----shy ) 1 1 1

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I-I=IIEFCH I-IEI CHr I ID 1 II 13 1 984 I 1006 1 E213 1 1 29~ilE-O 11 IJ2~IE+O II 11iEICilI1236

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i- shy

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~i-~ ~ shy ~

gt-shy

CD -

~ [ -

-gt W == lti

-~u

~ ill -

-5__H_shy

~ - == II shy

w+shy

- ~~~ gt--W I iL - -c=- -

-LL

f- gt-shy gt-shy~

u c _I

~ - -

-shy - T

c c~~gt--~~~~~~~~

-gt-shy --

cishygt-shy

i- W ltc ~- J_ [r

~ - gt-- ID

W CL 1- Q -

~ ~ gt-shy ~ H~~H~

C 1- - C i- I ugt--~ -- shy ~

- i Cj tS1 i

lt2 = --- ~

shy --1- W- - shy

~ ~ ~~

ishy

u - --L II

shy-

-shyw

-1 -- I

1shy I 0 W 0 ishy gt-shy -1 Ii II II

I I I

--

----

~~~-~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~

-- - --

~ ~ J - ~ -LJ WI

-

--

shy-

~~~~--~ __~H~~

)

JJ - shy

- - co G In

_H~_H - - - ~ ___HHH C]

- i +

JJ W W= 0 -shy - co

co i= I 0 h-In

w [~

~ ~c ~ - H ~ ~ --

- -- T shy~ CC w e~i CT CT

- I- w= ~ LL

3it (j -I ] 0ti=G

~ 0 = ~

lJJ gt-ltLL -1 = ~ CW

LL ~ CL CTD = ~

--7 - i ~t~ --QC co H - ~~ I H

ij ([ w - T - == -1 W+W sect = shy

---gt ~ - - T - CI LW 7

- -- u 5GG5GC shy-L 7c en -- Q 0--7~ - U~ = C7 w co

w ~ CJ ~D - CL ~- I

- 7 [- shy-1gt - ~ttJ CO~-shy5~ = LL

D II

-- U~ C] o~ L - - --

~ -- ~ -shy~

--- - UJ I --

I~ + - = ~ pgt ~~~_~H~~--~

~

shy D -shy

~ eel gt-lt-- --iL -w I C i

~7 = QC crJW -

w+ - = -- 0~

-1~ W - cCJ7c D-- CO~~~__~H___~ -

- u cshy-i-- ~ cshy-~ Ur co 0 I U ur D _Ho

gGl~ 0 C

en ~

~~~H~__~~

- II QD--Q-- [r cr I - ur ~

I = ~ cshy_H -W-1U~ -

~__HHshy

r-- ishy

~ Uj

lJJ i M

- I w

- Uf= LL IUjD DIi- - -1 n II r r r

-~-~-~-~~

i-

-

--

iJJ -

-~~~-~~~

i - - i- - 3

c WW = =

-

- -~_---~~~--~ ---~~

h -- -

u~ -

=

w

--

u -rshyJJ shy

-~-~~ ~ ~ ~ ~

-

co

i-

Ii) C i

WLL1i

_C

--shy

I D

i

J

- - --J -

in

I-- ~shy~shy

-L-7c

7c L~ ~

c~ = -c ~

lt-lt ~

~~2 U~i C I

LuU

C7 - - i-+~

~ ~

- shy

pishy-- c -

c t-C~ Cc shy -shy

u+lt-shy7c

+shy-

- co

3

LJ

6

shy

=- W co

L

Lc U LJ - LLDtshy

~ -shyfJ

ishy rshy -

ishylt--~W

co -

- -ishy -

~ ishy

uj --Lee J

W D ~i

- tshyi~iiJJ Q f- W = - LL LL D

- - ~

-

- w ---

Q

i LL W J LL U (I-CL- ishy

-U)-- -shy ~~~U~I

fshy ishy Uj---shyIi

ishy ~ ~

-

5

u D 0

C]

fshy-1

-

CL

i

j -1

fshy

~

-

shy

~shy

-

--

J c U - -c co

iT

j

in I

7

C)

~--shy

--

Tshy -~ rshy

- -- -shy i-W

LL

- LL

D co - ~

C LL

CC c-

- - - ~

ishy - CLshyshy f- LlJ - I - L - CL r- LLJ --U~= -

D

--

f

-

~~~-~~~

=6~c- -I fshy ~

e I-- S-C-j--

f~ -

Igt == f-wJ Ui - -

--~~~~

fshy-shy

shy- r-

UJ I

- t= D tshy

I

i

L

L

f II

~

-- -

-

--

~j

~ -- - ~ -- --

-- J -i-shy-

cu = I i -ishy

- -- - - -----gtshy

w ~L -- -- W CI - c D

C=f ~ - ~ ~~ I gt~ -

j- u ~i~ -shy~---shy~ ~

~

- =1 t T rltU ~ ~ lJJ -W --

in in U~ D w ~~ CD CO w C] ~- - J -- ~~ ~

~---~

~shy~--~--~ r~ I C] D [~i Ci iJ ~ D

~ T I + LL J lJJ lJJ LU

- J 0 -- w co Tshy

~ W D Cj CD L cr C]

~il1lJJ

LL lJJ ~--~~

U~ cn - L f- f- Ishy~ ~ lJJ U~ J Cr- - -- T [~ lJJ ~ ~ LL LLi ~ ~ ~ LL LU

D

= 1 ~ LLe ~LL J J ~LL U il 1 I~il CL II -- il~ 1 shy- 7-- in II 1 Q W I C] QilJ

- I l 1 J I i J CL 1e I - I I = ~ I

= I I J I I = I~a~ f-il U~--~~~~~---~~ U~~~~~ I lJJ

n -+ e CD GG J -w

II I- - fshy ~ ~w~t

~- u ~ -wgtw

cr)

L JgtW

LU - -gtWU j - gtLUU crr--~ il U~ II lt= CL i U~ II lt= il

we W I p] (i ~ LU 0) w l- CLI~ r- CL tt s ~ t- II I II

Sf 1

-(I [2tij I-U~~~~

I ~~~~~

I-CI~~~~

= LL I D I

c- - cn u U~ co r- I In ~ ~ ~ il~ z c ~ I G z G D I =~ - shyef= w - CD - A -- ~ ~ ~ Di

3~ - ~~ ~ ~ I i ~ J -D C J I I

C I ~ gt gt I i -- ~~~~~ ~ ~ ~- ~---~-~-shyf- T - ~ f- Ishy

~ - -iI

-- DD

OJh- ~ f-u LL C) shy-- CT

7- L =w lt= I ~ il I il

-~ - I W D

w~~~~-~~~~~~ r--

T ~

QDfshy -- crf-W = lt=I U CO Z~il IIgt W r- r i-WCL U~ lt= ~

~~-~~-~

J 1 z U~Ilt=Dishylil~~ 1 ~I G i- z (1 pjI lt=II gtI z ~I IIgtZII-LU I cn lt= -

I

Ishyr fJ -- ishy

lJJ LJ r

-shyI I- D iJ D I- L- II II II

r r r

~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~

~

~

-

LlJ I

--

~ ~ shy H

~

-~ ~

-- H c--shy

c-

shy -~ ~ ~~ -~~~~ HH~iHH_~~

+

i --

C i cr

- i

~~~~shy -~ ~ H

- 0~

-= C- LL w Lj

c -

0 0

CTi

lt-f ILshy

~ shy

LL W

-

G -10

-shy

- - - iT

w~ j iLL LL n cr

= -S2

LL = shyi

LL ~

- I - 2

u~ +

~2shy

-LL LL

~

L

DCP LL CC rshy

~

C--2W I H

HH~_~_~shy

(C LJ i~i

un U~ c ~- H

LL+W G

- U~ Cj - -shy ~ - C ~ r~i

L ~~ = shy - ~ ~ -~ u l--

LlJ - - W

w r 9i

---CL

- --li

-1+ 22J~~ ~~~~~

- - shygt + C shy -

~ - -- - -

- -

i- ~ -shy -shy

CL ~ J gt

--3 7-

J ~shy ~~~~~ - -shy --

-shy

c D -

+LL ~+

~ ~ -

f-LL I 2

~j c

i

D-

C C JW = ~c

~ ~ LL c ---~ - r- cc - -

~~~_H~~H

- - ~

r--LLL u -shy -

~~~~~~~

QS~-

Ci shy

-- U - +

J ---

LL-1 ~ A -

fshy -shy

- -LlJ -

shy~

J

I u jshy -i- ishy

u II

D

- ~ ~ - shy~~~--

-~lJJ w

- - C

-- - cj

~~ ~ ~ ~ shy

~ +LL uJ -shy

-- OJ shy

~ ~

~~~-~ ~--~--C2

ilJ LiJ lJJ-G rshyiei-

lJJ OJ CO -

OJ u~ cr

- - i-- -shyiJ7ishy ~ ~ ~ ~

-

-C- if-i fshy

~ lJJcn ~ co

L7 CJiJLiJ - l iJ lJJlJJ tJ

LLJ~ ~- CJ -- -J - 15 iJU

IS - Q~T ~ c - C =wshy -C- --- w - - -- U~

~ gt- = - IT - shy- - shy~ -

i- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ iI ~ iJf- C] i

ii ~ ii u JI iJ7i-LiJ ~ ~ - r- i II - ~ - - gt- i f~ -

-

G -~ i-

f- ~ lJJuJ f- ~~(J -

c

wi- f-~ c C) IS Q iI Q Q

lJJD LiJ i

OJ - gt- fshyT~ ~ ~f- I

_~i lJJ= In ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ r- -- cn~~~~~ U~~~~

- iJ

-~ V c- - cr - I

--C~ ~ ----

C] = I

w gt- G e J-IS f- gt- OJ G~ cc - - ~

- -

-i

-~~~~shy~LiJ~ef- gtshy

-7-0 f- -- j -i -- uJ Ci]

ilS ec ~ c

~f-

7- --i - -

LJJ - -- Q ~

lJJ IS

Gcc ~~-~shyf-

f- -[L ~

[shy~ -

3c~-

-- gt- j

-~ -

Q ISshyiJ~ ~

i-- r- -- Cf

Q = =-IS-gtshy

~ shy

f- fshy

--shyu

w lJJ

-J -- --

r- ~- shy

F -d J

IiI

----~_r-~shy~ - - i = I i C i

-- [

-

D ~i~- shy

- ~- r- r-shy ~ shy - ~ ~ shy - -~ ~ - ~

--- ~

-

=shy- - W

shy ishy

r

~-~-shy ----~ ~ --

shy

Cj

SJ +

W shycr CT i- -- -

~

0 D -Lu

~--~~-shy-

J

- ~shy

[shy

W C -- r-

-In cr u cI

Lu W D [ Cj C co U

----

-~----

LL

L1 u -

= ~ QJ

LU U~ U ) LL = cshy

-

)LLW) LL ~

~ - -Q

shycr r~

J C shy-

Q

~ ~ - ~ LL CC r-

LL u

wi LL -

shyf-2W un --shy

-

---i

j C[ WI -~-LL LL

- - --~

W+ =shy W

-

T-

- U~

Q-W J ~ shy~ cshy

~G~- LL LL

-cshy 5~= I

fshy-shy

-CL

c co shy

] U~

U~_---------shy 2

Ck =CT

c -

- ~ rshy rshy

~Gamp

f = -

0-

~

c c

- -----------~ W ) LL

- -- +

shy-shy

cshy

shy

= W - ~ W-

LL

~ -shy _LL ~ -

- Cj

shy ~

J---~ ~-shy--

c T

crCC

shy - -Qshy

shy - shy - - v

CCD

= =~=LL LL

shy

~--~--~-~-shy== C~

- = cshy~shy

Cj

D [-

LL gt1- c shy ~

shy L - U shy shy -~ --

I-shy cshy-CJ -

Lu I

)U I

Lu-- -U iL 1

f-LlJ

- iitI

I-- I

TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

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c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

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[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

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L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

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C

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Q LLlC JLL

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LLi

shy

uJ

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fshyc-

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rr

Cj

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=7

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I

co

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-

In

-j- Cj

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j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

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I CO Q

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CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

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4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

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cr co

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= co

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D fshy

ill

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W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

-

--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

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CI jr

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---- shy --shy -- -shy

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co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

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fshyn shy

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fshy

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D In 0 In fshy 1)

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C J) n i= C 7 1) - -j C Cj

g

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- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

c

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D Cj S~[~~2

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C n i~ j n c r C J j Uc J Cj Cj ~ ~

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C -1UCIS) ~ r~ 1 If) r c= Z9fDJ ~~~~~ 4f~~~

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cr ~ Cj --Cj C C] CO Lc r ~ t

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GFI~I~= E[rIPD FCiOT OLUIIETIIFI [ [ilIHE [=[111 1 FllOr =TIIIIF TO ~) IIICH TiiF I I II~I file 1(111lt)

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[iPCI~CLIFIC I-[lOT lOLUIn rnHIE~LUME rROM 1 FOOT STIJMP TO 5 INCH TOP ( 11131Dr uriiIlt)

DElli ITITn I IlL I GHT (fTr FI (I tICIIE) 2[1 --I] 1[1 50 bO 70 80 9n lGG l1l1 120

----shy

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114 4 11 15 19 ~4 29 34 39 ~t_ 51 -~16 5 3 1 lC n 2~ 35 42 49 ~i6 to

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10 FDCT STU~PTD 8D IHCHES TDR DIB

EOUATIDH Y = BOID~Dl) II-1B2) IJII[rE

D=DIAM[T[F DUTSIDE BRPK RT 45 FEI=1

H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE DELDW--

E[IIIRD FOOT yoLUMES--STATISTICRL SUllll(IF

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I cTAtlDl~RD I T(1tID~IFD I I UI I ](1 E 11l~G 1 I ] I DEI IITI DI-I I DE I (1T I elll J pJI I B 1(1 I 1DE DIFF 1 CC 1 Ell 1 c

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H=TCTIIL- HEICIIT I 2D5 I 2273 I 956 I ID21 I 16018 I 646 I 170E-031026[+01 1197[-+[l1 1 I I 1 I 1 1 1 ] [

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TABLE 3 GROSS ~JLUME n~BLES FOR REDWOOD iF[oD11 gt1ltgt1ltgt1gt1lt gt1lt gt1gt1lt gt1ltgt1 gt1ltfgtIltjlt jlt jlt gt1lt gt1yojgtIlt gt1 gt1lt1ltgt1+ +gt1ltgt1lt y gt1lt gt1lt gt1lt1lt gtlt1lt+ I 1lt gt1ltgt1ltgt1lt gt1++O+gtIlty ~nrJIL[ 11 C

10 FOOT STUMP TIJ 70 IHCHES TOP D IB

EQUATION V = BO(Di~Bl)(HB2) LHIEPE

D=DIn~TER OUTSIDE BnRK nT 45 FEEl H=HEIGHT IN FEET DR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOArD FOOT VCiLUMES--STnTISTICAL ~ U r-111n F~

I I I I -- - I - I 1 1 1 1 I rnIIDfIPD I ~TIIIIDFIFD I I LJJ I FIE 1 AIC 1 I 1 I

H=TOTRl HEICHT

I I I I

DE I ATI 011 I (UJ LHIIT) I

I 204 I

DE I FIl I [111

( RErCEHT)

~2 ( 1

I I I I

PgtI+2

962

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1021

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DE ( [O[iCEIT)

15825

1 II I FF I (REf~CEIIT) 1----I 261

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82

1 (2EI-II

1 I -I 1 J

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H=LCiC HE IGI-11

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14

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1C 6(1 I I I I I

978

1 1--------I 1012 I 12064 I- - I I I I - - -- - - I --

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-- - -- --

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CtJD ]C FOOT VOLUMES--STnTISTlcnL ~31J 1III(j P

H=TCiWIL HEICHT

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1761

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FIIc fiIFF

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I 126 I I I I

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(1] I 1 I I

1 DU 1 1 I I

9 I 1 I I

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TnBLE 7 GrOSS VOLUME TABLES FOr rEDWOOD TITI=II-II ~jIltiltIfIIltlt+AltIltjIltII1Iltjfjlt+V++hgtllt+Ijlt+f+j1lt+jltVgtf+fjltj++yengtf FIIHLE IZL 9DO

10 FOOT ~3TlHlr= TO 50] tICHE~3 TOP D I Ei

FeUrn] CHJ = BI] (lHB 1) (HKfB2) IHIErE

D=DIAMETLR OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IH FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BiJHFDFOOT VOLUMES--STHTISTICAL SUIlIlftl] ] 1-------- I I I 1 1 1 11 ~T(jHDIlfD I ~3T(III D FIr]) I I Uj I IIE I AGC I 1 1 ]] ])EI] AT 011 ] DEI AT] ON I RfK2 I B]n~= ] DE I D]FF ] B0 I 81 I 82 ]] (LH UII IT~) 1 ( FEF~CEtIT) I I I (PEfCEIITI I (1r~FIEljT) 1 I I 1] ] I 1 1-------- I -- shy on- - -- 1 ----- I 1 I

H=TOT(1L HEIGHT ] 2H 1 41D I 971 ] 1024 1 16800 ] --2 0~19 ] 1J3 j E - U3 I 0 21 [+0 1 I 1 1[-I U 1 T

] ]------- I -- --_- ] - - -- - ] - - - - ---- I ] [ --1-- I

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H=TOTAL HEICHT ] 149 I 1609 I 979 1 1 011 I 11 709 I 25 I 903[-C3 I 1792E+0 1 I 121EIIJ 1 I1 1--------- I ] 1-------- I I - I T I

H=11EPCH HE 1CHT I 132 I 141( I 984 I 1009 I 10327 I 2603 I 5[10~JEm021 I596E+fl I 10CE+C11 J1 1---- I I I-- I 1 ] 1 1

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EDURTIDrl 130(IlfgtfD I ) UIB2) IJHEPE

D=DIRM~TER OUTSIDE BRRK AT 45 FEET 11=HE ] CI-Ilshy ] 11 FEET DF~ tILlf1EiEf~~ DI L[lC~=---~=[E BELDLJ--

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STANDARD 1 Sl~NDARD 1 DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2

1 LJJ I I B If1S I

rIF DE

I 1IGLi 1 DIFF

I 1 J ] I 80 I 81 1 82 1

I (Ul LlHIr) I (PERCErn) I 1 I (PERCEtIT) 1 (P[PCEtrn II I 1 1 1- I --- -- 1 1- ----shy ) 1 1 1

H=TOTf4L HEIGHT I 154 11670 1 967 1 1012 1 11681 1 -1153 I 1Opound9E-[12 I I 793E+0 II lCU9[+U 1 I 1 1 1shy ] 1 1------ I ----- - - - ---] shy - -I I ---

I-I=IIEFCH I-IEI CHr I ID 1 II 13 1 984 I 1006 1 E213 1 1 29~ilE-O 11 IJ2~IE+O II 11iEICilI1236

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H=TOTIL H[IGHT I 13 I 1 14[15 I 971 I 1009 1 9t19 1 - R3C I I [l4l--0I I 703EH] II 1379E+0 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I 1 - 1

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TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

- r~ Cj D CD In [c Cj Cj [r ~ Cj Cj -

c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

oJ ltj

C]D D ~~-

co fc Cj C In C]

J I

f

)f~ -

c Cj-

c Cj fr

~j

[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

~J CO (I flt - Cj-

L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

C]s CO Lt j ~

- C -

C] -

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)-~ COD

C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

LL lt

LLi

shy

uJ

J

fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

- In fshy

- i--

cr fr

~ 7 s

=7

(j C c] e~

J - D In

ishy D j

1(1- u~ [r

- ~

I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

-

C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

fC deg]

-

I CO Q

~~gt-i~

C Cj Lt ~-- -

CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

is iJ Cj

- iJ co

CQ f

~ (T- c

cr co

CQ CQ

-co-

flt1 co

D D fshy f f= ~ ~s~

- - CJ-CQm r CO

U is)i-

- f COCO

CCshy fr shy crco

shyr

r U~ co f

u

eCi ltI

l5 =J D

D iD

S) in-

In1- ~ f)

CD co CD co OJ

J - co in co f

S) D cr -Jco co CO r shy

-0 CCm J fshy r- m fshy

coco

U ~ u

In lC U

J u

shyc iJ w ~

~

S)f~1

Q C]

co 0 CO co

In rJ cow

In co

- Cj cr S) co CO CD fshy co

~~ ~~ ~6 ~j gg

- -crCCshy co OJ co f r f

1 = CD co

-D mm

- D r~ CQ CO r

CTi -J ~ shy f- r- D

~ -

~

D ~ J U~ CT CO co

= co

f C co f- CD r-

D CD

co r-

Cj r-

I ill

f-W W LL

G) IS)

D G-f u f

- 0 cr- 0 r lL

D fshy

ill

U-i lCi I

J u

~ i D u

W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

-

--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

ill u fshy

-

CI jr

-D -)

J (j

c

---- shy --shy -- -shy

-ill

J C 1 --- J- CO DC ID - C1CC]CJ

co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

- T ~ ~-g

0 -0 03

W

B lJ~IV f-

Q LiJ D ~I -shy=rI CO UJ A

LLA DZ

I (FQf-WI

~2 ~lLi Ir

w c lLi -J OJ Ifshy

- f-W lLi LL

rshy~ ~

~ lLi

~ ~ fshyu f-

I ill A

~ QC]

Q I]

I CD

IS fshy

I~ D

f-J

Q In

CJ

Q 1

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Q ~

3 Cltj

ISI C]

I~j

IS f~1

IS ISI

C]

- m

0

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CCj

e ID

C]

IS) In

i~

~

~

r~

Q CJ

e

co C]j ID r- s ~JFJ ~J f ~ rJ ~5 f~~ Cf g ~

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GJ ~ ~-s CO ISI In D

GI 1 J

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D CO

S)-

CP 1 CO r

~ U) - C)

D 3 LJf-

JD -lt

3 G In

[shy0

Ci C) J 9

~

r~ co co

f~1 CO

CO

U~ I -1 ~

r~

In 0)

-lt QCO CD

fshyr 11

f1 tn cc

r~ 7shy0) CO cb

pJ CD

LJ ~

- iel

co q c CO CO CO r- fshy

--OJ -

fshyill LJ

IS) i~

1[1 ~ In cc co rshy

en D C- CO m

J

OJ

0 = - GI rshy

fi fJ

-1 CJ

l1J r 3)

-~ In

In fshy

-1 Ci u

~

fshyn shy

r~1c CO [I

Cj -

LJ u ~ -shy

5 cIn

S) m

fshy

rshy

CT

D In 0 In fshy 1)

-

co - is) ~

ill D iD -1 CO Jshyf- D

r~

C) fj

~

--~-shyr OJ

C J) n i= C 7 1) - -j C Cj

g

-CO

f~1 OJ

CO

f-CD

- CO f CO shy

lr) r~1 fshy -

In f

CO Ii)

pJ CO

en rshy

[-- mCD -

C

c C (j ID co 13)f~ ~ f ~ ~~G~A~ U~DCj f~i r~1 f~ i~

- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

c

csshyOJ C

D Cj S~[~~2

- - J coCJ 2~~~4 ~ --

~-

- en Ji- - J U

- - -

m j) j) co D CCIF - - ( Cj ~H~~f ~ ~

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G ~~L~f~ g~ ~ f) ~-f ~~~ ~--- J [j

D - co rS)J -C] r~ r~ ~ 1

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D

c jC cn ~ 1

C CJ Dc s j~~~~j

~ Jc e CJshy ~c CJc r ~ C

- =

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cr

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c

~ ui ~ T

C 1) ] Jr CC

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C n i~ j n c r C J j Uc J Cj Cj ~ ~

-7 C q ~i =1- j= GO

D iwi

~ W

C -1UCIS) ~ r~ 1 If) r c= Z9fDJ ~~~~~ 4f~~~

i lic

~ g~ f~ ~ 1 ~~~ 1 ~ [) ~ ~ ) - ~ ~n i gnJ~-pJ CJ CJ ) [5 [2 ~ ~ ~

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co

~ - TC G Cj~ In ---- i 8 ~~~ ~=- CJ CJ Cc pJ

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C

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1- - rr Jc CJ r) 1 Uc j)

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=~~ ~ i~~ i

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CCj r lic D] [1 co c Ct

CJ C CJ

r r~ CJ - Cj

t D co J CJ CJ CJ

~ ~ ~ i i~ j C r~ r ~

- c j I T c c - ~ 1 j ~ )

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10 FOOT STUMP TIJ 70 IHCHES TOP D IB

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TnBLE 7 GrOSS VOLUME TABLES FOr rEDWOOD TITI=II-II ~jIltiltIfIIltlt+AltIltjIltII1Iltjfjlt+V++hgtllt+Ijlt+f+j1lt+jltVgtf+fjltj++yengtf FIIHLE IZL 9DO

10 FOOT ~3TlHlr= TO 50] tICHE~3 TOP D I Ei

FeUrn] CHJ = BI] (lHB 1) (HKfB2) IHIErE

D=DIAMETLR OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IH FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BiJHFDFOOT VOLUMES--STHTISTICAL SUIlIlftl] ] 1-------- I I I 1 1 1 11 ~T(jHDIlfD I ~3T(III D FIr]) I I Uj I IIE I AGC I 1 1 ]] ])EI] AT 011 ] DEI AT] ON I RfK2 I B]n~= ] DE I D]FF ] B0 I 81 I 82 ]] (LH UII IT~) 1 ( FEF~CEtIT) I I I (PEfCEIITI I (1r~FIEljT) 1 I I 1] ] I 1 1-------- I -- shy on- - -- 1 ----- I 1 I

H=TOT(1L HEIGHT ] 2H 1 41D I 971 ] 1024 1 16800 ] --2 0~19 ] 1J3 j E - U3 I 0 21 [+0 1 I 1 1[-I U 1 T

] ]------- I -- --_- ] - - -- - ] - - - - ---- I ] [ --1-- I

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H=LOG HE]11-1-1 I 1 ] 1 I I I 12~EHIO] 1694E+0 11 1[516E+0 II] - _- - - -- I I 1 ]----- I 1 ] 1 I

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMFS--STATISTICAL SUr1f1HP(1 --- I 1 - 1 ] I---- ] 1-- ] 1

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I ~TAtmnPD I ~=TntjDnPD ] I UJ I FIiE I Her I I I I

H=TOTAL HEICHT ] 149 I 1609 I 979 1 1 011 I 11 709 I 25 I 903[-C3 I 1792E+0 1 I 121EIIJ 1 I1 1--------- I ] 1-------- I I - I T I

H=11EPCH HE 1CHT I 132 I 141( I 984 I 1009 I 10327 I 2603 I 5[10~JEm021 I596E+fl I 10CE+C11 J1 1---- I I I-- I 1 ] 1 1

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l~BLE 9 cross VOLUME TRBLES FOR DOUGLRS FIR 11 r~1)- H

gtIlt+fgtt-++gtIltjlt+lctfgtjgtjjgtII++++IltffIltIIltf++YIltgtIlt -ltfllllLE~3I L no 10 FOOT Sl~MP TO 80 INCHES TOP D IB

EDURTIDrl 130(IlfgtfD I ) UIB2) IJHEPE

D=DIRM~TER OUTSIDE BRRK AT 45 FEET 11=HE ] CI-Ilshy ] 11 FEET DF~ tILlf1EiEf~~ DI L[lC~=---~=[E BELDLJ--

BorWD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL 3L1f--1rlAR ] 1 1---- I I 1---_----shy 1 1- 1 1 1 I

STANDARD 1 Sl~NDARD 1 DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2

1 LJJ I I B If1S I

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I 1IGLi 1 DIFF

I 1 J ] I 80 I 81 1 82 1

I (Ul LlHIr) I (PERCErn) I 1 I (PERCEtIT) 1 (P[PCEtrn II I 1 1 1- I --- -- 1 1- ----shy ) 1 1 1

H=TOTf4L HEIGHT I 154 11670 1 967 1 1012 1 11681 1 -1153 I 1Opound9E-[12 I I 793E+0 II lCU9[+U 1 I 1 1 1shy ] 1 1------ I ----- - - - ---] shy - -I I ---

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H=TOTIL H[IGHT I 13 I 1 14[15 I 971 I 1009 1 9t19 1 - R3C I I [l4l--0I I 703EH] II 1379E+0 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I 1 - 1

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TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

- r~ Cj D CD In [c Cj Cj [r ~ Cj Cj -

c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

oJ ltj

C]D D ~~-

co fc Cj C In C]

J I

f

)f~ -

c Cj-

c Cj fr

~j

[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

~J CO (I flt - Cj-

L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

C]s CO Lt j ~

- C -

C] -

- ~

)-~ COD

C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

LL lt

LLi

shy

uJ

J

fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

- In fshy

- i--

cr fr

~ 7 s

=7

(j C c] e~

J - D In

ishy D j

1(1- u~ [r

- ~

I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

-

C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

fC deg]

-

I CO Q

~~gt-i~

C Cj Lt ~-- -

CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

is iJ Cj

- iJ co

CQ f

~ (T- c

cr co

CQ CQ

-co-

flt1 co

D D fshy f f= ~ ~s~

- - CJ-CQm r CO

U is)i-

- f COCO

CCshy fr shy crco

shyr

r U~ co f

u

eCi ltI

l5 =J D

D iD

S) in-

In1- ~ f)

CD co CD co OJ

J - co in co f

S) D cr -Jco co CO r shy

-0 CCm J fshy r- m fshy

coco

U ~ u

In lC U

J u

shyc iJ w ~

~

S)f~1

Q C]

co 0 CO co

In rJ cow

In co

- Cj cr S) co CO CD fshy co

~~ ~~ ~6 ~j gg

- -crCCshy co OJ co f r f

1 = CD co

-D mm

- D r~ CQ CO r

CTi -J ~ shy f- r- D

~ -

~

D ~ J U~ CT CO co

= co

f C co f- CD r-

D CD

co r-

Cj r-

I ill

f-W W LL

G) IS)

D G-f u f

- 0 cr- 0 r lL

D fshy

ill

U-i lCi I

J u

~ i D u

W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

-

--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

ill u fshy

-

CI jr

-D -)

J (j

c

---- shy --shy -- -shy

-ill

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fshy-shy

-CL

c co shy

] U~

U~_---------shy 2

Ck =CT

c -

- ~ rshy rshy

~Gamp

f = -

0-

~

c c

- -----------~ W ) LL

- -- +

shy-shy

cshy

shy

= W - ~ W-

LL

~ -shy _LL ~ -

- Cj

shy ~

J---~ ~-shy--

c T

crCC

shy - -Qshy

shy - shy - - v

CCD

= =~=LL LL

shy

~--~--~-~-shy== C~

- = cshy~shy

Cj

D [-

LL gt1- c shy ~

shy L - U shy shy -~ --

I-shy cshy-CJ -

Lu I

)U I

Lu-- -U iL 1

f-LlJ

- iitI

I-- I

TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

- r~ Cj D CD In [c Cj Cj [r ~ Cj Cj -

c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

oJ ltj

C]D D ~~-

co fc Cj C In C]

J I

f

)f~ -

c Cj-

c Cj fr

~j

[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

~J CO (I flt - Cj-

L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

C]s CO Lt j ~

- C -

C] -

- ~

)-~ COD

C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

LL lt

LLi

shy

uJ

J

fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

- In fshy

- i--

cr fr

~ 7 s

=7

(j C c] e~

J - D In

ishy D j

1(1- u~ [r

- ~

I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

-

C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

fC deg]

-

I CO Q

~~gt-i~

C Cj Lt ~-- -

CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

is iJ Cj

- iJ co

CQ f

~ (T- c

cr co

CQ CQ

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TnBLE 7 GrOSS VOLUME TABLES FOr rEDWOOD TITI=II-II ~jIltiltIfIIltlt+AltIltjIltII1Iltjfjlt+V++hgtllt+Ijlt+f+j1lt+jltVgtf+fjltj++yengtf FIIHLE IZL 9DO

10 FOOT ~3TlHlr= TO 50] tICHE~3 TOP D I Ei

FeUrn] CHJ = BI] (lHB 1) (HKfB2) IHIErE

D=DIAMETLR OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IH FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BiJHFDFOOT VOLUMES--STHTISTICAL SUIlIlftl] ] 1-------- I I I 1 1 1 11 ~T(jHDIlfD I ~3T(III D FIr]) I I Uj I IIE I AGC I 1 1 ]] ])EI] AT 011 ] DEI AT] ON I RfK2 I B]n~= ] DE I D]FF ] B0 I 81 I 82 ]] (LH UII IT~) 1 ( FEF~CEtIT) I I I (PEfCEIITI I (1r~FIEljT) 1 I I 1] ] I 1 1-------- I -- shy on- - -- 1 ----- I 1 I

H=TOT(1L HEIGHT ] 2H 1 41D I 971 ] 1024 1 16800 ] --2 0~19 ] 1J3 j E - U3 I 0 21 [+0 1 I 1 1[-I U 1 T

] ]------- I -- --_- ] - - -- - ] - - - - ---- I ] [ --1-- I

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H=LOG HE]11-1-1 I 1 ] 1 I I I 12~EHIO] 1694E+0 11 1[516E+0 II] - _- - - -- I I 1 ]----- I 1 ] 1 I

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMFS--STATISTICAL SUr1f1HP(1 --- I 1 - 1 ] I---- ] 1-- ] 1

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I ~TAtmnPD I ~=TntjDnPD ] I UJ I FIiE I Her I I I I

H=TOTAL HEICHT ] 149 I 1609 I 979 1 1 011 I 11 709 I 25 I 903[-C3 I 1792E+0 1 I 121EIIJ 1 I1 1--------- I ] 1-------- I I - I T I

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l~BLE 9 cross VOLUME TRBLES FOR DOUGLRS FIR 11 r~1)- H

gtIlt+fgtt-++gtIltjlt+lctfgtjgtjjgtII++++IltffIltIIltf++YIltgtIlt -ltfllllLE~3I L no 10 FOOT Sl~MP TO 80 INCHES TOP D IB

EDURTIDrl 130(IlfgtfD I ) UIB2) IJHEPE

D=DIRM~TER OUTSIDE BRRK AT 45 FEET 11=HE ] CI-Ilshy ] 11 FEET DF~ tILlf1EiEf~~ DI L[lC~=---~=[E BELDLJ--

BorWD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL 3L1f--1rlAR ] 1 1---- I I 1---_----shy 1 1- 1 1 1 I

STANDARD 1 Sl~NDARD 1 DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2

1 LJJ I I B If1S I

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H=TOTIL H[IGHT I 13 I 1 14[15 I 971 I 1009 1 9t19 1 - R3C I I [l4l--0I I 703EH] II 1379E+0 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I 1 - 1

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TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

- r~ Cj D CD In [c Cj Cj [r ~ Cj Cj -

c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

oJ ltj

C]D D ~~-

co fc Cj C In C]

J I

f

)f~ -

c Cj-

c Cj fr

~j

[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

~J CO (I flt - Cj-

L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

C]s CO Lt j ~

- C -

C] -

- ~

)-~ COD

C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

LL lt

LLi

shy

uJ

J

fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

- In fshy

- i--

cr fr

~ 7 s

=7

(j C c] e~

J - D In

ishy D j

1(1- u~ [r

- ~

I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

-

C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

fC deg]

-

I CO Q

~~gt-i~

C Cj Lt ~-- -

CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

is iJ Cj

- iJ co

CQ f

~ (T- c

cr co

CQ CQ

-co-

flt1 co

D D fshy f f= ~ ~s~

- - CJ-CQm r CO

U is)i-

- f COCO

CCshy fr shy crco

shyr

r U~ co f

u

eCi ltI

l5 =J D

D iD

S) in-

In1- ~ f)

CD co CD co OJ

J - co in co f

S) D cr -Jco co CO r shy

-0 CCm J fshy r- m fshy

coco

U ~ u

In lC U

J u

shyc iJ w ~

~

S)f~1

Q C]

co 0 CO co

In rJ cow

In co

- Cj cr S) co CO CD fshy co

~~ ~~ ~6 ~j gg

- -crCCshy co OJ co f r f

1 = CD co

-D mm

- D r~ CQ CO r

CTi -J ~ shy f- r- D

~ -

~

D ~ J U~ CT CO co

= co

f C co f- CD r-

D CD

co r-

Cj r-

I ill

f-W W LL

G) IS)

D G-f u f

- 0 cr- 0 r lL

D fshy

ill

U-i lCi I

J u

~ i D u

W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

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TnBLE 7 GrOSS VOLUME TABLES FOr rEDWOOD TITI=II-II ~jIltiltIfIIltlt+AltIltjIltII1Iltjfjlt+V++hgtllt+Ijlt+f+j1lt+jltVgtf+fjltj++yengtf FIIHLE IZL 9DO

10 FOOT ~3TlHlr= TO 50] tICHE~3 TOP D I Ei

FeUrn] CHJ = BI] (lHB 1) (HKfB2) IHIErE

D=DIAMETLR OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IH FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BiJHFDFOOT VOLUMES--STHTISTICAL SUIlIlftl] ] 1-------- I I I 1 1 1 11 ~T(jHDIlfD I ~3T(III D FIr]) I I Uj I IIE I AGC I 1 1 ]] ])EI] AT 011 ] DEI AT] ON I RfK2 I B]n~= ] DE I D]FF ] B0 I 81 I 82 ]] (LH UII IT~) 1 ( FEF~CEtIT) I I I (PEfCEIITI I (1r~FIEljT) 1 I I 1] ] I 1 1-------- I -- shy on- - -- 1 ----- I 1 I

H=TOT(1L HEIGHT ] 2H 1 41D I 971 ] 1024 1 16800 ] --2 0~19 ] 1J3 j E - U3 I 0 21 [+0 1 I 1 1[-I U 1 T

] ]------- I -- --_- ] - - -- - ] - - - - ---- I ] [ --1-- I

] I I 1 1----- ] 1 [ 1 ---1H=IIEICHHE] CHT I 1[j I 1849 I 982 ] 1015 I 13243 I 1 -37 I 23[111 -1]2 I HSI4[+O 1 I 1~)16L +U 11

H=LOG HE]11-1-1 I 1 ] 1 I I I 12~EHIO] 1694E+0 11 1[516E+0 II] - _- - - -- I I 1 ]----- I 1 ] 1 I

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMFS--STATISTICAL SUr1f1HP(1 --- I 1 - 1 ] I---- ] 1-- ] 1

1 I)E]I1TIDII I DEIHTIOtl I PI+2 I 13]It3 I DE I DIfF I 80 I Bl ] B +] (LH Utl ITS) I (PEPCEtIT) I I I ( PEPCEIIT) I (PEFCEtH) I ] I ]1 ---------- I I ] -- I I I -- -- ---- I - I J

I ~TAtmnPD I ~=TntjDnPD ] I UJ I FIiE I Her I I I I

H=TOTAL HEICHT ] 149 I 1609 I 979 1 1 011 I 11 709 I 25 I 903[-C3 I 1792E+0 1 I 121EIIJ 1 I1 1--------- I ] 1-------- I I - I T I

H=11EPCH HE 1CHT I 132 I 141( I 984 I 1009 I 10327 I 2603 I 5[10~JEm021 I596E+fl I 10CE+C11 J1 1---- I I I-- I 1 ] 1 1

H=LOG HEI GI-n ] I I I I I I 967CE-01 ]15[+011 1(1(DE+Ol1] ]---- ] 1 ]-- ] ] 1 1 1

--

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cJ

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f- 0 -C) D l- = -1 ii Ii ii

r r

l~BLE 9 cross VOLUME TRBLES FOR DOUGLRS FIR 11 r~1)- H

gtIlt+fgtt-++gtIltjlt+lctfgtjgtjjgtII++++IltffIltIIltf++YIltgtIlt -ltfllllLE~3I L no 10 FOOT Sl~MP TO 80 INCHES TOP D IB

EDURTIDrl 130(IlfgtfD I ) UIB2) IJHEPE

D=DIRM~TER OUTSIDE BRRK AT 45 FEET 11=HE ] CI-Ilshy ] 11 FEET DF~ tILlf1EiEf~~ DI L[lC~=---~=[E BELDLJ--

BorWD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL 3L1f--1rlAR ] 1 1---- I I 1---_----shy 1 1- 1 1 1 I

STANDARD 1 Sl~NDARD 1 DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2

1 LJJ I I B If1S I

rIF DE

I 1IGLi 1 DIFF

I 1 J ] I 80 I 81 1 82 1

I (Ul LlHIr) I (PERCErn) I 1 I (PERCEtIT) 1 (P[PCEtrn II I 1 1 1- I --- -- 1 1- ----shy ) 1 1 1

H=TOTf4L HEIGHT I 154 11670 1 967 1 1012 1 11681 1 -1153 I 1Opound9E-[12 I I 793E+0 II lCU9[+U 1 I 1 1 1shy ] 1 1------ I ----- - - - ---] shy - -I I ---

I-I=IIEFCH I-IEI CHr I ID 1 II 13 1 984 I 1006 1 E213 1 1 29~ilE-O 11 IJ2~IE+O II 11iEICilI1236

1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 --H=LOG I-IEICHT 1 1 1 1 1 I I 79CI2[HII] 1 152(jf~H] 1 1 II7[ICll1

1 1 1 1 1 1 I ---- -- - --- I shy - I- - --- - [ ------

CLIEIC FOOT VOLUMES--STRTISTICAL ~ U flrl14 P

1 1 1---shy 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1 J =TmID~IRD I STIIIJDbIPD 1 I Ll1 1 fl[ I AGG 1 ] [ I 1 DElbITIOll I DE 1 biT 1 ON 1 f(++2 I Ellfl~ I DE 1 DlfF I 80 1 81 1 B2 I I (LH lJtjIF) 1 (PERCEIIT) 1 1 1 (PERCEIIT) 1 (PERCENT) 1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] I I - - ---1 - - 1 --_ 1 -- - --- - _shy I ---

H=TOTIL H[IGHT I 13 I 1 14[15 I 971 I 1009 1 9t19 1 - R3C I I [l4l--0I I 703EH] II 1379E+0 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I 1 - 1

1-1=III~fCH HIICIIT 1 D~II 1 ~I 4= 1 986 ] 1004 1 6 7~i 1 91~ ] 121I[-D] IclSE+II] 11111[1111I 1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I ] I I 1201UI+CIIIII47~JE+OII mIIE-I)l] I I I 1 -- -- 1 I - shy _-shy - I ---shy- -- I 1 -shy - I --------- ----- -----

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TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

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rr

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CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

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3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

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D D fshy f f= ~ ~s~

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shyr

r U~ co f

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co 0 CO co

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D ~ J U~ CT CO co

= co

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W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

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--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

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CI jr

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J (j

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---- shy --shy -- -shy

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co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

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fshyn shy

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Cj -

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fshy

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C J) n i= C 7 1) - -j C Cj

g

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f~1 OJ

CO

f-CD

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lr) r~1 fshy -

In f

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pJ CO

en rshy

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c C (j ID co 13)f~ ~ f ~ ~~G~A~ U~DCj f~i r~1 f~ i~

- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

c

csshyOJ C

D Cj S~[~~2

- - J coCJ 2~~~4 ~ --

~-

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1 1 1 1 1 1 I ---- -- - --- I shy - I- - --- - [ ------

CLIEIC FOOT VOLUMES--STRTISTICAL ~ U flrl14 P

1 1 1---shy 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1 J =TmID~IRD I STIIIJDbIPD 1 I Ll1 1 fl[ I AGG 1 ] [ I 1 DElbITIOll I DE 1 biT 1 ON 1 f(++2 I Ellfl~ I DE 1 DlfF I 80 1 81 1 B2 I I (LH lJtjIF) 1 (PERCEIIT) 1 1 1 (PERCEIIT) 1 (PERCENT) 1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] I I - - ---1 - - 1 --_ 1 -- - --- - _shy I ---

H=TOTIL H[IGHT I 13 I 1 14[15 I 971 I 1009 1 9t19 1 - R3C I I [l4l--0I I 703EH] II 1379E+0 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I 1 - 1

1-1=III~fCH HIICIIT 1 D~II 1 ~I 4= 1 986 ] 1004 1 6 7~i 1 91~ ] 121I[-D] IclSE+II] 11111[1111I 1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

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TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

- r~ Cj D CD In [c Cj Cj [r ~ Cj Cj -

c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

oJ ltj

C]D D ~~-

co fc Cj C In C]

J I

f

)f~ -

c Cj-

c Cj fr

~j

[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

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L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

C]s CO Lt j ~

- C -

C] -

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C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

LL lt

LLi

shy

uJ

J

fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

- In fshy

- i--

cr fr

~ 7 s

=7

(j C c] e~

J - D In

ishy D j

1(1- u~ [r

- ~

I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

-

C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

fC deg]

-

I CO Q

~~gt-i~

C Cj Lt ~-- -

CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

is iJ Cj

- iJ co

CQ f

~ (T- c

cr co

CQ CQ

-co-

flt1 co

D D fshy f f= ~ ~s~

- - CJ-CQm r CO

U is)i-

- f COCO

CCshy fr shy crco

shyr

r U~ co f

u

eCi ltI

l5 =J D

D iD

S) in-

In1- ~ f)

CD co CD co OJ

J - co in co f

S) D cr -Jco co CO r shy

-0 CCm J fshy r- m fshy

coco

U ~ u

In lC U

J u

shyc iJ w ~

~

S)f~1

Q C]

co 0 CO co

In rJ cow

In co

- Cj cr S) co CO CD fshy co

~~ ~~ ~6 ~j gg

- -crCCshy co OJ co f r f

1 = CD co

-D mm

- D r~ CQ CO r

CTi -J ~ shy f- r- D

~ -

~

D ~ J U~ CT CO co

= co

f C co f- CD r-

D CD

co r-

Cj r-

I ill

f-W W LL

G) IS)

D G-f u f

- 0 cr- 0 r lL

D fshy

ill

U-i lCi I

J u

~ i D u

W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

-

--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

ill u fshy

-

CI jr

-D -)

J (j

c

---- shy --shy -- -shy

-ill

J C 1 --- J- CO DC ID - C1CC]CJ

co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

- T ~ ~-g

0 -0 03

W

B lJ~IV f-

Q LiJ D ~I -shy=rI CO UJ A

LLA DZ

I (FQf-WI

~2 ~lLi Ir

w c lLi -J OJ Ifshy

- f-W lLi LL

rshy~ ~

~ lLi

~ ~ fshyu f-

I ill A

~ QC]

Q I]

I CD

IS fshy

I~ D

f-J

Q In

CJ

Q 1

~ C~ pJ CJ p~

Q ~

3 Cltj

ISI C]

I~j

IS f~1

IS ISI

C]

- m

0

-J [-

CCj

e ID

C]

IS) In

i~

~

~

r~

Q CJ

e

co C]j ID r- s ~JFJ ~J f ~ rJ ~5 f~~ Cf g ~

~ ~

~ -

GJ ~ ~-s CO ISI In D

GI 1 J

- cr)

D CO

S)-

CP 1 CO r

~ U) - C)

D 3 LJf-

JD -lt

3 G In

[shy0

Ci C) J 9

~

r~ co co

f~1 CO

CO

U~ I -1 ~

r~

In 0)

-lt QCO CD

fshyr 11

f1 tn cc

r~ 7shy0) CO cb

pJ CD

LJ ~

- iel

co q c CO CO CO r- fshy

--OJ -

fshyill LJ

IS) i~

1[1 ~ In cc co rshy

en D C- CO m

J

OJ

0 = - GI rshy

fi fJ

-1 CJ

l1J r 3)

-~ In

In fshy

-1 Ci u

~

fshyn shy

r~1c CO [I

Cj -

LJ u ~ -shy

5 cIn

S) m

fshy

rshy

CT

D In 0 In fshy 1)

-

co - is) ~

ill D iD -1 CO Jshyf- D

r~

C) fj

~

--~-shyr OJ

C J) n i= C 7 1) - -j C Cj

g

-CO

f~1 OJ

CO

f-CD

- CO f CO shy

lr) r~1 fshy -

In f

CO Ii)

pJ CO

en rshy

[-- mCD -

C

c C (j ID co 13)f~ ~ f ~ ~~G~A~ U~DCj f~i r~1 f~ i~

- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

c

csshyOJ C

D Cj S~[~~2

- - J coCJ 2~~~4 ~ --

~-

- en Ji- - J U

- - -

m j) j) co D CCIF - - ( Cj ~H~~f ~ ~

- --

G ~~L~f~ g~ ~ f) ~-f ~~~ ~--- J [j

D - co rS)J -C] r~ r~ ~ 1

-- _ ~J~~5~[~

D

c jC cn ~ 1

C CJ Dc s j~~~~j

~ Jc e CJshy ~c CJc r ~ C

- =

7 - ~- n ~~

cr

~i D

c

~ ui ~ T

C 1) ] Jr CC

~~rlt - i~n DrG

C n i~ j n c r C J j Uc J Cj Cj ~ ~

-7 C q ~i =1- j= GO

D iwi

~ W

C -1UCIS) ~ r~ 1 If) r c= Z9fDJ ~~~~~ 4f~~~

i lic

~ g~ f~ ~ 1 ~~~ 1 ~ [) ~ ~ ) - ~ ~n i gnJ~-pJ CJ CJ ) [5 [2 ~ ~ ~

- ~ =3 f ~ ~s C

co

~ - TC G Cj~ In ---- i 8 ~~~ ~=- CJ CJ Cc pJ

~

~

C

~~ ~~

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1- - rr Jc CJ r) 1 Uc j)

~~j g~ ic 4 wc

=~~ ~ i~~ i

e ~ CJ CC m c- C

CCj r lic D] [1 co c Ct

CJ C CJ

r r~ CJ - Cj

t D co J CJ CJ CJ

~ ~ ~ i i~ j C r~ r ~

- c j I T c c - ~ 1 j ~ )

wc

~

CjD [J

-

co

~

i

c - c f-shyw

i LI J C

-

ifshyi

~H--- LL CC

co u J C-j-J f~ 1 ui

1 C 1) In - CJ C r~

i~cr In - cn ] r i~

C1 D c ~ J r OJ 1] -11uc cr UC -j) [ cco Cr

r ue UC lic in - In r co

T 1 shy co D ~~ J) r C

J J) ) IDshypj J lii r

D co shy 1 C ) J i --

in lic D co - wi cr J Cj CJ

~~[~J~~~

JC c 1 T = Cj- CCj

c)

~ 0 CJ

-jCj

shy

~

= =

~ -

1)- 1)- JCj~

-j gt i~ ec IJ)

Cj f - 8 Z C

T D ~ C T

~

C

-- - D

cr ~ Cj --Cj C C] CO Lc r ~ t

CJ c Uc wc D~= ~~ 3 j ~ ~

- ~shy~---shywc JC D

LL

U I j ltS ~ ----

~ ~~~~ L~~ f f~ co - D T r~

~ Cj-J

() c = LJ ~

ccshyJ

-LL

---1

5S f- -- D LL ~

c

j~

s C

-D CC 0 i~ D

1 in rcn-

CJ 1 1 U

C ~ ~ D - Cj CJ r~

~j) co shy t - CjCJ

com-r~j

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f - jco CJ Cj f~ r~ fr j

D co s ~ li~ - - ej CjC]

D CJC ~ c D r

D C j cr J U- Lc wc j)

C CJ u~ ] f~ [j ~ ~

u

W ---1 CD Jshy

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--shy ~ shy

CD ~ shy--

i i

w

- - CD U ~

) eJ 1 lj) CC ~j Fj Z ~ 3 ~f J ~~ ~~ ~Wf~~

s Uc

TI~EIE Ceo FEDtjCiOn

GFI~I~= E[rIPD FCiOT OLUIIETIIFI [ [ilIHE [=[111 1 FllOr =TIIIIF TO ~) IIICH TiiF I I II~I file 1(111lt)

lJDH TOHiL H[ IGlnlFEETJ ~C1I11ICIIF3) 30 40 [1 60 70 80 gO 100 llC1 10 131] 14C) 150 16U 170 10 130 110

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r14 (oo 17 J )3 111 9 IDD 14 1401 177 07 23] 273 I] 3lri 3( 4 Ii 1 ) Ie 00lt 7Co e 16 11 23 57 deg 103 1 1 162 196 --- 271 313 -- 404 454 iOI itiO tj]7 li76

-71= 14 9 ) IDlj 131 lC 2CC 49 J -41 3I 4)1 51 371 (t 711 J

-cr20 1 36 co =9 13 163 20C J 31113 3ei 426 4) 562 63i 713 J5 [u 9U I 1If 0 0 - 1 43 10 I jO 19 )V1 CJ9 ) j 41 ) 1 j 1 C 1 771 Ii Jil 1CI 1177 11[1

I c24 -1 1- B6 129 1jB 235 )9 3C 445 j2F 617 12 813 19 lrI3 11iO 174 11VI 1531 76 21 11 1[1 151 210 - 1 131 53 61 (J C3 136 111131 1214 1353 I48 lC50 1809

--0 34 1 liP 1(f 44 321 40D 304 rn 21 Dr 973 1111 1)r 141U 1-il 171 191 III

30 39 1 13C D (1 371] 1)9 579 701] 830 969 1119 1277 1445 1622 lR08 2002 2205 2417 32 45 93 155 231 320 421 i3) 660 797 945 1105 1275 1456 1647 11348 2060 2282 2514 2755 34 5] 105 I 261 311 47C I I] 747 901 1069 1249 1441 1646 11362 2090 2329 2580 2842 3115

3f - 117 ISJ6 293 lor53) 67 =38 1012 1200 14CJ2 161 It)W U91 2346 ~Gl~) 23=J 3191 11 C) - 70)

) 63 131 219 43 597 -0 S35 I1d9 1339 1565 1131]6 2U62 2333 2618 2918 3232 3560 3902

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shy- r-

UJ I

- t= D tshy

I

i

L

L

f II

~

-- -

-

--

~j

~ -- - ~ -- --

-- J -i-shy-

cu = I i -ishy

- -- - - -----gtshy

w ~L -- -- W CI - c D

C=f ~ - ~ ~~ I gt~ -

j- u ~i~ -shy~---shy~ ~

~

- =1 t T rltU ~ ~ lJJ -W --

in in U~ D w ~~ CD CO w C] ~- - J -- ~~ ~

~---~

~shy~--~--~ r~ I C] D [~i Ci iJ ~ D

~ T I + LL J lJJ lJJ LU

- J 0 -- w co Tshy

~ W D Cj CD L cr C]

~il1lJJ

LL lJJ ~--~~

U~ cn - L f- f- Ishy~ ~ lJJ U~ J Cr- - -- T [~ lJJ ~ ~ LL LLi ~ ~ ~ LL LU

D

= 1 ~ LLe ~LL J J ~LL U il 1 I~il CL II -- il~ 1 shy- 7-- in II 1 Q W I C] QilJ

- I l 1 J I i J CL 1e I - I I = ~ I

= I I J I I = I~a~ f-il U~--~~~~~---~~ U~~~~~ I lJJ

n -+ e CD GG J -w

II I- - fshy ~ ~w~t

~- u ~ -wgtw

cr)

L JgtW

LU - -gtWU j - gtLUU crr--~ il U~ II lt= CL i U~ II lt= il

we W I p] (i ~ LU 0) w l- CLI~ r- CL tt s ~ t- II I II

Sf 1

-(I [2tij I-U~~~~

I ~~~~~

I-CI~~~~

= LL I D I

c- - cn u U~ co r- I In ~ ~ ~ il~ z c ~ I G z G D I =~ - shyef= w - CD - A -- ~ ~ ~ Di

3~ - ~~ ~ ~ I i ~ J -D C J I I

C I ~ gt gt I i -- ~~~~~ ~ ~ ~- ~---~-~-shyf- T - ~ f- Ishy

~ - -iI

-- DD

OJh- ~ f-u LL C) shy-- CT

7- L =w lt= I ~ il I il

-~ - I W D

w~~~~-~~~~~~ r--

T ~

QDfshy -- crf-W = lt=I U CO Z~il IIgt W r- r i-WCL U~ lt= ~

~~-~~-~

J 1 z U~Ilt=Dishylil~~ 1 ~I G i- z (1 pjI lt=II gtI z ~I IIgtZII-LU I cn lt= -

I

Ishyr fJ -- ishy

lJJ LJ r

-shyI I- D iJ D I- L- II II II

r r r

~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~

~

~

-

LlJ I

--

~ ~ shy H

~

-~ ~

-- H c--shy

c-

shy -~ ~ ~~ -~~~~ HH~iHH_~~

+

i --

C i cr

- i

~~~~shy -~ ~ H

- 0~

-= C- LL w Lj

c -

0 0

CTi

lt-f ILshy

~ shy

LL W

-

G -10

-shy

- - - iT

w~ j iLL LL n cr

= -S2

LL = shyi

LL ~

- I - 2

u~ +

~2shy

-LL LL

~

L

DCP LL CC rshy

~

C--2W I H

HH~_~_~shy

(C LJ i~i

un U~ c ~- H

LL+W G

- U~ Cj - -shy ~ - C ~ r~i

L ~~ = shy - ~ ~ -~ u l--

LlJ - - W

w r 9i

---CL

- --li

-1+ 22J~~ ~~~~~

- - shygt + C shy -

~ - -- - -

- -

i- ~ -shy -shy

CL ~ J gt

--3 7-

J ~shy ~~~~~ - -shy --

-shy

c D -

+LL ~+

~ ~ -

f-LL I 2

~j c

i

D-

C C JW = ~c

~ ~ LL c ---~ - r- cc - -

~~~_H~~H

- - ~

r--LLL u -shy -

~~~~~~~

QS~-

Ci shy

-- U - +

J ---

LL-1 ~ A -

fshy -shy

- -LlJ -

shy~

J

I u jshy -i- ishy

u II

D

- ~ ~ - shy~~~--

-~lJJ w

- - C

-- - cj

~~ ~ ~ ~ shy

~ +LL uJ -shy

-- OJ shy

~ ~

~~~-~ ~--~--C2

ilJ LiJ lJJ-G rshyiei-

lJJ OJ CO -

OJ u~ cr

- - i-- -shyiJ7ishy ~ ~ ~ ~

-

-C- if-i fshy

~ lJJcn ~ co

L7 CJiJLiJ - l iJ lJJlJJ tJ

LLJ~ ~- CJ -- -J - 15 iJU

IS - Q~T ~ c - C =wshy -C- --- w - - -- U~

~ gt- = - IT - shy- - shy~ -

i- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ iI ~ iJf- C] i

ii ~ ii u JI iJ7i-LiJ ~ ~ - r- i II - ~ - - gt- i f~ -

-

G -~ i-

f- ~ lJJuJ f- ~~(J -

c

wi- f-~ c C) IS Q iI Q Q

lJJD LiJ i

OJ - gt- fshyT~ ~ ~f- I

_~i lJJ= In ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ r- -- cn~~~~~ U~~~~

- iJ

-~ V c- - cr - I

--C~ ~ ----

C] = I

w gt- G e J-IS f- gt- OJ G~ cc - - ~

- -

-i

-~~~~shy~LiJ~ef- gtshy

-7-0 f- -- j -i -- uJ Ci]

ilS ec ~ c

~f-

7- --i - -

LJJ - -- Q ~

lJJ IS

Gcc ~~-~shyf-

f- -[L ~

[shy~ -

3c~-

-- gt- j

-~ -

Q ISshyiJ~ ~

i-- r- -- Cf

Q = =-IS-gtshy

~ shy

f- fshy

--shyu

w lJJ

-J -- --

r- ~- shy

F -d J

IiI

----~_r-~shy~ - - i = I i C i

-- [

-

D ~i~- shy

- ~- r- r-shy ~ shy - ~ ~ shy - -~ ~ - ~

--- ~

-

=shy- - W

shy ishy

r

~-~-shy ----~ ~ --

shy

Cj

SJ +

W shycr CT i- -- -

~

0 D -Lu

~--~~-shy-

J

- ~shy

[shy

W C -- r-

-In cr u cI

Lu W D [ Cj C co U

----

-~----

LL

L1 u -

= ~ QJ

LU U~ U ) LL = cshy

-

)LLW) LL ~

~ - -Q

shycr r~

J C shy-

Q

~ ~ - ~ LL CC r-

LL u

wi LL -

shyf-2W un --shy

-

---i

j C[ WI -~-LL LL

- - --~

W+ =shy W

-

T-

- U~

Q-W J ~ shy~ cshy

~G~- LL LL

-cshy 5~= I

fshy-shy

-CL

c co shy

] U~

U~_---------shy 2

Ck =CT

c -

- ~ rshy rshy

~Gamp

f = -

0-

~

c c

- -----------~ W ) LL

- -- +

shy-shy

cshy

shy

= W - ~ W-

LL

~ -shy _LL ~ -

- Cj

shy ~

J---~ ~-shy--

c T

crCC

shy - -Qshy

shy - shy - - v

CCD

= =~=LL LL

shy

~--~--~-~-shy== C~

- = cshy~shy

Cj

D [-

LL gt1- c shy ~

shy L - U shy shy -~ --

I-shy cshy-CJ -

Lu I

)U I

Lu-- -U iL 1

f-LlJ

- iitI

I-- I

TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

- r~ Cj D CD In [c Cj Cj [r ~ Cj Cj -

c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

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C]D D ~~-

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J I

f

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c Cj-

c Cj fr

~j

[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

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L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

C]s CO Lt j ~

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C] -

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C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

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LLi

shy

uJ

J

fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

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cr fr

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=7

(j C c] e~

J - D In

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I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

-

C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

fC deg]

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I CO Q

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C Cj Lt ~-- -

CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

is iJ Cj

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CQ f

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cr co

CQ CQ

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flt1 co

D D fshy f f= ~ ~s~

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U is)i-

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CCshy fr shy crco

shyr

r U~ co f

u

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S) in-

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coco

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1 = CD co

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D ~ J U~ CT CO co

= co

f C co f- CD r-

D CD

co r-

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I ill

f-W W LL

G) IS)

D G-f u f

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D fshy

ill

U-i lCi I

J u

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W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

-

--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

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CI jr

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c

---- shy --shy -- -shy

-ill

J C 1 --- J- CO DC ID - C1CC]CJ

co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

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0 -0 03

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B lJ~IV f-

Q LiJ D ~I -shy=rI CO UJ A

LLA DZ

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IS) i~

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fshyn shy

r~1c CO [I

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fshy

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CT

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co - is) ~

ill D iD -1 CO Jshyf- D

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- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

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C n i~ j n c r C J j Uc J Cj Cj ~ ~

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c)

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= =

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Cj f - 8 Z C

T D ~ C T

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C

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cr ~ Cj --Cj C C] CO Lc r ~ t

CJ c Uc wc D~= ~~ 3 j ~ ~

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LL

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TI~EIE Ceo FEDtjCiOn

GFI~I~= E[rIPD FCiOT OLUIIETIIFI [ [ilIHE [=[111 1 FllOr =TIIIIF TO ~) IIICH TiiF I I II~I file 1(111lt)

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3f - 117 ISJ6 293 lor53) 67 =38 1012 1200 14CJ2 161 It)W U91 2346 ~Gl~) 23=J 3191 11 C) - 70)

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7~iI) 111 -c =0 111 1[Ill] 1 1 1131 1~JC~I 05 72 119 ~5~j~ 4111i ~IC~ 111 11 CII -

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--

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ni CJ - ~ c~ ~ fshy n shy -

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c~ tU

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T(ELE Cl DOIJC[(I F IF

[iPCI~CLIFIC I-[lOT lOLUIn rnHIE~LUME rROM 1 FOOT STIJMP TO 5 INCH TOP ( 11131Dr uriiIlt)

DElli ITITn I IlL I GHT (fTr FI (I tICIIE) 2[1 --I] 1[1 50 bO 70 80 9n lGG l1l1 120

----shy

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114 4 11 15 19 ~4 29 34 39 ~t_ 51 -~16 5 3 1 lC n 2~ 35 42 49 ~i6 to

c 0010 6 10 16 LL 55 43 50 ~j9 b 6

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34 16 29 43 f~D 7 96 11 130 161 IB~i ltU9 c 1036 17 - 1 47 65 1 lOb LJ J - 1f 20

C 1 ~12 1 1~5 165 1SJ2 2U3 19 34 131

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i v

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D D CJ

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C] - - f- c 0 C1c] f eeshyJ = CJ ~I r

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= f- = - j) = U D - cr =

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EDURTIDrl 130(IlfgtfD I ) UIB2) IJHEPE

D=DIRM~TER OUTSIDE BRRK AT 45 FEET 11=HE ] CI-Ilshy ] 11 FEET DF~ tILlf1EiEf~~ DI L[lC~=---~=[E BELDLJ--

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H=TOTIL H[IGHT I 13 I 1 14[15 I 971 I 1009 1 9t19 1 - R3C I I [l4l--0I I 703EH] II 1379E+0 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I 1 - 1

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TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

- r~ Cj D CD In [c Cj Cj [r ~ Cj Cj -

c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

oJ ltj

C]D D ~~-

co fc Cj C In C]

J I

f

)f~ -

c Cj-

c Cj fr

~j

[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

~J CO (I flt - Cj-

L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

C]s CO Lt j ~

- C -

C] -

- ~

)-~ COD

C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

LL lt

LLi

shy

uJ

J

fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

- In fshy

- i--

cr fr

~ 7 s

=7

(j C c] e~

J - D In

ishy D j

1(1- u~ [r

- ~

I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

-

C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

fC deg]

-

I CO Q

~~gt-i~

C Cj Lt ~-- -

CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

is iJ Cj

- iJ co

CQ f

~ (T- c

cr co

CQ CQ

-co-

flt1 co

D D fshy f f= ~ ~s~

- - CJ-CQm r CO

U is)i-

- f COCO

CCshy fr shy crco

shyr

r U~ co f

u

eCi ltI

l5 =J D

D iD

S) in-

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CD co CD co OJ

J - co in co f

S) D cr -Jco co CO r shy

-0 CCm J fshy r- m fshy

coco

U ~ u

In lC U

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S)f~1

Q C]

co 0 CO co

In rJ cow

In co

- Cj cr S) co CO CD fshy co

~~ ~~ ~6 ~j gg

- -crCCshy co OJ co f r f

1 = CD co

-D mm

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CTi -J ~ shy f- r- D

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~

D ~ J U~ CT CO co

= co

f C co f- CD r-

D CD

co r-

Cj r-

I ill

f-W W LL

G) IS)

D G-f u f

- 0 cr- 0 r lL

D fshy

ill

U-i lCi I

J u

~ i D u

W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

-

--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

ill u fshy

-

CI jr

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J (j

c

---- shy --shy -- -shy

-ill

J C 1 --- J- CO DC ID - C1CC]CJ

co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

- T ~ ~-g

0 -0 03

W

B lJ~IV f-

Q LiJ D ~I -shy=rI CO UJ A

LLA DZ

I (FQf-WI

~2 ~lLi Ir

w c lLi -J OJ Ifshy

- f-W lLi LL

rshy~ ~

~ lLi

~ ~ fshyu f-

I ill A

~ QC]

Q I]

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IS fshy

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f-J

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3 Cltj

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IS ISI

C]

- m

0

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CCj

e ID

C]

IS) In

i~

~

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r~

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e

co C]j ID r- s ~JFJ ~J f ~ rJ ~5 f~~ Cf g ~

~ ~

~ -

GJ ~ ~-s CO ISI In D

GI 1 J

- cr)

D CO

S)-

CP 1 CO r

~ U) - C)

D 3 LJf-

JD -lt

3 G In

[shy0

Ci C) J 9

~

r~ co co

f~1 CO

CO

U~ I -1 ~

r~

In 0)

-lt QCO CD

fshyr 11

f1 tn cc

r~ 7shy0) CO cb

pJ CD

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u -rshyJJ shy

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uj --Lee J

W D ~i

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D

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n -+ e CD GG J -w

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we W I p] (i ~ LU 0) w l- CLI~ r- CL tt s ~ t- II I II

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LL gt1- c shy ~

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TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

- r~ Cj D CD In [c Cj Cj [r ~ Cj Cj -

c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

oJ ltj

C]D D ~~-

co fc Cj C In C]

J I

f

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c Cj-

c Cj fr

~j

[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

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L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

C]s CO Lt j ~

- C -

C] -

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C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

LL lt

LLi

shy

uJ

J

fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

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cr fr

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=7

(j C c] e~

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ishy D j

1(1- u~ [r

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I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

-

C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

fC deg]

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I CO Q

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C Cj Lt ~-- -

CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

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CQ f

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cr co

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flt1 co

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CCshy fr shy crco

shyr

r U~ co f

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coco

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1 = CD co

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= co

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ill

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W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

-

--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

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---- shy --shy -- -shy

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J C 1 --- J- CO DC ID - C1CC]CJ

co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

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LLA DZ

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fshyn shy

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fshy

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- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

c

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GFI~I~= E[rIPD FCiOT OLUIIETIIFI [ [ilIHE [=[111 1 FllOr =TIIIIF TO ~) IIICH TiiF I I II~I file 1(111lt)

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[iPCI~CLIFIC I-[lOT lOLUIn rnHIE~LUME rROM 1 FOOT STIJMP TO 5 INCH TOP ( 11131Dr uriiIlt)

DElli ITITn I IlL I GHT (fTr FI (I tICIIE) 2[1 --I] 1[1 50 bO 70 80 9n lGG l1l1 120

----shy

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114 4 11 15 19 ~4 29 34 39 ~t_ 51 -~16 5 3 1 lC n 2~ 35 42 49 ~i6 to

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TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

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c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

oJ ltj

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co fc Cj C In C]

J I

f

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c Cj-

c Cj fr

~j

[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

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L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

C]s CO Lt j ~

- C -

C] -

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C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

LL lt

LLi

shy

uJ

J

fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

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- i--

cr fr

~ 7 s

=7

(j C c] e~

J - D In

ishy D j

1(1- u~ [r

- ~

I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

-

C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

fC deg]

-

I CO Q

~~gt-i~

C Cj Lt ~-- -

CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

is iJ Cj

- iJ co

CQ f

~ (T- c

cr co

CQ CQ

-co-

flt1 co

D D fshy f f= ~ ~s~

- - CJ-CQm r CO

U is)i-

- f COCO

CCshy fr shy crco

shyr

r U~ co f

u

eCi ltI

l5 =J D

D iD

S) in-

In1- ~ f)

CD co CD co OJ

J - co in co f

S) D cr -Jco co CO r shy

-0 CCm J fshy r- m fshy

coco

U ~ u

In lC U

J u

shyc iJ w ~

~

S)f~1

Q C]

co 0 CO co

In rJ cow

In co

- Cj cr S) co CO CD fshy co

~~ ~~ ~6 ~j gg

- -crCCshy co OJ co f r f

1 = CD co

-D mm

- D r~ CQ CO r

CTi -J ~ shy f- r- D

~ -

~

D ~ J U~ CT CO co

= co

f C co f- CD r-

D CD

co r-

Cj r-

I ill

f-W W LL

G) IS)

D G-f u f

- 0 cr- 0 r lL

D fshy

ill

U-i lCi I

J u

~ i D u

W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

-

--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

ill u fshy

-

CI jr

-D -)

J (j

c

---- shy --shy -- -shy

-ill

J C 1 --- J- CO DC ID - C1CC]CJ

co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

- T ~ ~-g

0 -0 03

W

B lJ~IV f-

Q LiJ D ~I -shy=rI CO UJ A

LLA DZ

I (FQf-WI

~2 ~lLi Ir

w c lLi -J OJ Ifshy

- f-W lLi LL

rshy~ ~

~ lLi

~ ~ fshyu f-

I ill A

~ QC]

Q I]

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IS fshy

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f-J

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CJ

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Q ~

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IS ISI

C]

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0

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CCj

e ID

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GI 1 J

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D CO

S)-

CP 1 CO r

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D 3 LJf-

JD -lt

3 G In

[shy0

Ci C) J 9

~

r~ co co

f~1 CO

CO

U~ I -1 ~

r~

In 0)

-lt QCO CD

fshyr 11

f1 tn cc

r~ 7shy0) CO cb

pJ CD

LJ ~

- iel

co q c CO CO CO r- fshy

--OJ -

fshyill LJ

IS) i~

1[1 ~ In cc co rshy

en D C- CO m

J

OJ

0 = - GI rshy

fi fJ

-1 CJ

l1J r 3)

-~ In

In fshy

-1 Ci u

~

fshyn shy

r~1c CO [I

Cj -

LJ u ~ -shy

5 cIn

S) m

fshy

rshy

CT

D In 0 In fshy 1)

-

co - is) ~

ill D iD -1 CO Jshyf- D

r~

C) fj

~

--~-shyr OJ

C J) n i= C 7 1) - -j C Cj

g

-CO

f~1 OJ

CO

f-CD

- CO f CO shy

lr) r~1 fshy -

In f

CO Ii)

pJ CO

en rshy

[-- mCD -

C

c C (j ID co 13)f~ ~ f ~ ~~G~A~ U~DCj f~i r~1 f~ i~

- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

c

csshyOJ C

D Cj S~[~~2

- - J coCJ 2~~~4 ~ --

~-

- en Ji- - J U

- - -

m j) j) co D CCIF - - ( Cj ~H~~f ~ ~

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G ~~L~f~ g~ ~ f) ~-f ~~~ ~--- J [j

D - co rS)J -C] r~ r~ ~ 1

-- _ ~J~~5~[~

D

c jC cn ~ 1

C CJ Dc s j~~~~j

~ Jc e CJshy ~c CJc r ~ C

- =

7 - ~- n ~~

cr

~i D

c

~ ui ~ T

C 1) ] Jr CC

~~rlt - i~n DrG

C n i~ j n c r C J j Uc J Cj Cj ~ ~

-7 C q ~i =1- j= GO

D iwi

~ W

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-C- if-i fshy

~ lJJcn ~ co

L7 CJiJLiJ - l iJ lJJlJJ tJ

LLJ~ ~- CJ -- -J - 15 iJU

IS - Q~T ~ c - C =wshy -C- --- w - - -- U~

~ gt- = - IT - shy- - shy~ -

i- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ iI ~ iJf- C] i

ii ~ ii u JI iJ7i-LiJ ~ ~ - r- i II - ~ - - gt- i f~ -

-

G -~ i-

f- ~ lJJuJ f- ~~(J -

c

wi- f-~ c C) IS Q iI Q Q

lJJD LiJ i

OJ - gt- fshyT~ ~ ~f- I

_~i lJJ= In ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ r- -- cn~~~~~ U~~~~

- iJ

-~ V c- - cr - I

--C~ ~ ----

C] = I

w gt- G e J-IS f- gt- OJ G~ cc - - ~

- -

-i

-~~~~shy~LiJ~ef- gtshy

-7-0 f- -- j -i -- uJ Ci]

ilS ec ~ c

~f-

7- --i - -

LJJ - -- Q ~

lJJ IS

Gcc ~~-~shyf-

f- -[L ~

[shy~ -

3c~-

-- gt- j

-~ -

Q ISshyiJ~ ~

i-- r- -- Cf

Q = =-IS-gtshy

~ shy

f- fshy

--shyu

w lJJ

-J -- --

r- ~- shy

F -d J

IiI

----~_r-~shy~ - - i = I i C i

-- [

-

D ~i~- shy

- ~- r- r-shy ~ shy - ~ ~ shy - -~ ~ - ~

--- ~

-

=shy- - W

shy ishy

r

~-~-shy ----~ ~ --

shy

Cj

SJ +

W shycr CT i- -- -

~

0 D -Lu

~--~~-shy-

J

- ~shy

[shy

W C -- r-

-In cr u cI

Lu W D [ Cj C co U

----

-~----

LL

L1 u -

= ~ QJ

LU U~ U ) LL = cshy

-

)LLW) LL ~

~ - -Q

shycr r~

J C shy-

Q

~ ~ - ~ LL CC r-

LL u

wi LL -

shyf-2W un --shy

-

---i

j C[ WI -~-LL LL

- - --~

W+ =shy W

-

T-

- U~

Q-W J ~ shy~ cshy

~G~- LL LL

-cshy 5~= I

fshy-shy

-CL

c co shy

] U~

U~_---------shy 2

Ck =CT

c -

- ~ rshy rshy

~Gamp

f = -

0-

~

c c

- -----------~ W ) LL

- -- +

shy-shy

cshy

shy

= W - ~ W-

LL

~ -shy _LL ~ -

- Cj

shy ~

J---~ ~-shy--

c T

crCC

shy - -Qshy

shy - shy - - v

CCD

= =~=LL LL

shy

~--~--~-~-shy== C~

- = cshy~shy

Cj

D [-

LL gt1- c shy ~

shy L - U shy shy -~ --

I-shy cshy-CJ -

Lu I

)U I

Lu-- -U iL 1

f-LlJ

- iitI

I-- I

TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

- r~ Cj D CD In [c Cj Cj [r ~ Cj Cj -

c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

oJ ltj

C]D D ~~-

co fc Cj C In C]

J I

f

)f~ -

c Cj-

c Cj fr

~j

[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

~J CO (I flt - Cj-

L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

C]s CO Lt j ~

- C -

C] -

- ~

)-~ COD

C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

LL lt

LLi

shy

uJ

J

fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

- In fshy

- i--

cr fr

~ 7 s

=7

(j C c] e~

J - D In

ishy D j

1(1- u~ [r

- ~

I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

-

C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

fC deg]

-

I CO Q

~~gt-i~

C Cj Lt ~-- -

CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

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Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

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c t-C~ Cc shy -shy

u+lt-shy7c

+shy-

- co

3

LJ

6

shy

=- W co

L

Lc U LJ - LLDtshy

~ -shyfJ

ishy rshy -

ishylt--~W

co -

- -ishy -

~ ishy

uj --Lee J

W D ~i

- tshyi~iiJJ Q f- W = - LL LL D

- - ~

-

- w ---

Q

i LL W J LL U (I-CL- ishy

-U)-- -shy ~~~U~I

fshy ishy Uj---shyIi

ishy ~ ~

-

5

u D 0

C]

fshy-1

-

CL

i

j -1

fshy

~

-

shy

~shy

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--

J c U - -c co

iT

j

in I

7

C)

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--

Tshy -~ rshy

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LL

- LL

D co - ~

C LL

CC c-

- - - ~

ishy - CLshyshy f- LlJ - I - L - CL r- LLJ --U~= -

D

--

f

-

~~~-~~~

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e I-- S-C-j--

f~ -

Igt == f-wJ Ui - -

--~~~~

fshy-shy

shy- r-

UJ I

- t= D tshy

I

i

L

L

f II

~

-- -

-

--

~j

~ -- - ~ -- --

-- J -i-shy-

cu = I i -ishy

- -- - - -----gtshy

w ~L -- -- W CI - c D

C=f ~ - ~ ~~ I gt~ -

j- u ~i~ -shy~---shy~ ~

~

- =1 t T rltU ~ ~ lJJ -W --

in in U~ D w ~~ CD CO w C] ~- - J -- ~~ ~

~---~

~shy~--~--~ r~ I C] D [~i Ci iJ ~ D

~ T I + LL J lJJ lJJ LU

- J 0 -- w co Tshy

~ W D Cj CD L cr C]

~il1lJJ

LL lJJ ~--~~

U~ cn - L f- f- Ishy~ ~ lJJ U~ J Cr- - -- T [~ lJJ ~ ~ LL LLi ~ ~ ~ LL LU

D

= 1 ~ LLe ~LL J J ~LL U il 1 I~il CL II -- il~ 1 shy- 7-- in II 1 Q W I C] QilJ

- I l 1 J I i J CL 1e I - I I = ~ I

= I I J I I = I~a~ f-il U~--~~~~~---~~ U~~~~~ I lJJ

n -+ e CD GG J -w

II I- - fshy ~ ~w~t

~- u ~ -wgtw

cr)

L JgtW

LU - -gtWU j - gtLUU crr--~ il U~ II lt= CL i U~ II lt= il

we W I p] (i ~ LU 0) w l- CLI~ r- CL tt s ~ t- II I II

Sf 1

-(I [2tij I-U~~~~

I ~~~~~

I-CI~~~~

= LL I D I

c- - cn u U~ co r- I In ~ ~ ~ il~ z c ~ I G z G D I =~ - shyef= w - CD - A -- ~ ~ ~ Di

3~ - ~~ ~ ~ I i ~ J -D C J I I

C I ~ gt gt I i -- ~~~~~ ~ ~ ~- ~---~-~-shyf- T - ~ f- Ishy

~ - -iI

-- DD

OJh- ~ f-u LL C) shy-- CT

7- L =w lt= I ~ il I il

-~ - I W D

w~~~~-~~~~~~ r--

T ~

QDfshy -- crf-W = lt=I U CO Z~il IIgt W r- r i-WCL U~ lt= ~

~~-~~-~

J 1 z U~Ilt=Dishylil~~ 1 ~I G i- z (1 pjI lt=II gtI z ~I IIgtZII-LU I cn lt= -

I

Ishyr fJ -- ishy

lJJ LJ r

-shyI I- D iJ D I- L- II II II

r r r

~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~

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LlJ I

--

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~

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c-

shy -~ ~ ~~ -~~~~ HH~iHH_~~

+

i --

C i cr

- i

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- 0~

-= C- LL w Lj

c -

0 0

CTi

lt-f ILshy

~ shy

LL W

-

G -10

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w~ j iLL LL n cr

= -S2

LL = shyi

LL ~

- I - 2

u~ +

~2shy

-LL LL

~

L

DCP LL CC rshy

~

C--2W I H

HH~_~_~shy

(C LJ i~i

un U~ c ~- H

LL+W G

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L ~~ = shy - ~ ~ -~ u l--

LlJ - - W

w r 9i

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- --li

-1+ 22J~~ ~~~~~

- - shygt + C shy -

~ - -- - -

- -

i- ~ -shy -shy

CL ~ J gt

--3 7-

J ~shy ~~~~~ - -shy --

-shy

c D -

+LL ~+

~ ~ -

f-LL I 2

~j c

i

D-

C C JW = ~c

~ ~ LL c ---~ - r- cc - -

~~~_H~~H

- - ~

r--LLL u -shy -

~~~~~~~

QS~-

Ci shy

-- U - +

J ---

LL-1 ~ A -

fshy -shy

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shy~

J

I u jshy -i- ishy

u II

D

- ~ ~ - shy~~~--

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- - C

-- - cj

~~ ~ ~ ~ shy

~ +LL uJ -shy

-- OJ shy

~ ~

~~~-~ ~--~--C2

ilJ LiJ lJJ-G rshyiei-

lJJ OJ CO -

OJ u~ cr

- - i-- -shyiJ7ishy ~ ~ ~ ~

-

-C- if-i fshy

~ lJJcn ~ co

L7 CJiJLiJ - l iJ lJJlJJ tJ

LLJ~ ~- CJ -- -J - 15 iJU

IS - Q~T ~ c - C =wshy -C- --- w - - -- U~

~ gt- = - IT - shy- - shy~ -

i- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ iI ~ iJf- C] i

ii ~ ii u JI iJ7i-LiJ ~ ~ - r- i II - ~ - - gt- i f~ -

-

G -~ i-

f- ~ lJJuJ f- ~~(J -

c

wi- f-~ c C) IS Q iI Q Q

lJJD LiJ i

OJ - gt- fshyT~ ~ ~f- I

_~i lJJ= In ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ r- -- cn~~~~~ U~~~~

- iJ

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--C~ ~ ----

C] = I

w gt- G e J-IS f- gt- OJ G~ cc - - ~

- -

-i

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-7-0 f- -- j -i -- uJ Ci]

ilS ec ~ c

~f-

7- --i - -

LJJ - -- Q ~

lJJ IS

Gcc ~~-~shyf-

f- -[L ~

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3c~-

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Q ISshyiJ~ ~

i-- r- -- Cf

Q = =-IS-gtshy

~ shy

f- fshy

--shyu

w lJJ

-J -- --

r- ~- shy

F -d J

IiI

----~_r-~shy~ - - i = I i C i

-- [

-

D ~i~- shy

- ~- r- r-shy ~ shy - ~ ~ shy - -~ ~ - ~

--- ~

-

=shy- - W

shy ishy

r

~-~-shy ----~ ~ --

shy

Cj

SJ +

W shycr CT i- -- -

~

0 D -Lu

~--~~-shy-

J

- ~shy

[shy

W C -- r-

-In cr u cI

Lu W D [ Cj C co U

----

-~----

LL

L1 u -

= ~ QJ

LU U~ U ) LL = cshy

-

)LLW) LL ~

~ - -Q

shycr r~

J C shy-

Q

~ ~ - ~ LL CC r-

LL u

wi LL -

shyf-2W un --shy

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---i

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- - --~

W+ =shy W

-

T-

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Q-W J ~ shy~ cshy

~G~- LL LL

-cshy 5~= I

fshy-shy

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c co shy

] U~

U~_---------shy 2

Ck =CT

c -

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~Gamp

f = -

0-

~

c c

- -----------~ W ) LL

- -- +

shy-shy

cshy

shy

= W - ~ W-

LL

~ -shy _LL ~ -

- Cj

shy ~

J---~ ~-shy--

c T

crCC

shy - -Qshy

shy - shy - - v

CCD

= =~=LL LL

shy

~--~--~-~-shy== C~

- = cshy~shy

Cj

D [-

LL gt1- c shy ~

shy L - U shy shy -~ --

I-shy cshy-CJ -

Lu I

)U I

Lu-- -U iL 1

f-LlJ

- iitI

I-- I

TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

- r~ Cj D CD In [c Cj Cj [r ~ Cj Cj -

c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

oJ ltj

C]D D ~~-

co fc Cj C In C]

J I

f

)f~ -

c Cj-

c Cj fr

~j

[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

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L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

C]s CO Lt j ~

- C -

C] -

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C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

LL lt

LLi

shy

uJ

J

fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

- In fshy

- i--

cr fr

~ 7 s

=7

(j C c] e~

J - D In

ishy D j

1(1- u~ [r

- ~

I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

-

C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

fC deg]

-

I CO Q

~~gt-i~

C Cj Lt ~-- -

CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

is iJ Cj

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CQ f

~ (T- c

cr co

CQ CQ

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flt1 co

D D fshy f f= ~ ~s~

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U is)i-

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CCshy fr shy crco

shyr

r U~ co f

u

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D iD

S) in-

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CD co CD co OJ

J - co in co f

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coco

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Q C]

co 0 CO co

In rJ cow

In co

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1 = CD co

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CTi -J ~ shy f- r- D

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D ~ J U~ CT CO co

= co

f C co f- CD r-

D CD

co r-

Cj r-

I ill

f-W W LL

G) IS)

D G-f u f

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D fshy

ill

U-i lCi I

J u

~ i D u

W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

-

--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

ill u fshy

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CI jr

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c

---- shy --shy -- -shy

-ill

J C 1 --- J- CO DC ID - C1CC]CJ

co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

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0 -0 03

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B lJ~IV f-

Q LiJ D ~I -shy=rI CO UJ A

LLA DZ

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pJ CD

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fshyill LJ

IS) i~

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en D C- CO m

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fi fJ

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fshyn shy

r~1c CO [I

Cj -

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5 cIn

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fshy

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CT

D In 0 In fshy 1)

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co - is) ~

ill D iD -1 CO Jshyf- D

r~

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C J) n i= C 7 1) - -j C Cj

g

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- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

c

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D Cj S~[~~2

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C n i~ j n c r C J j Uc J Cj Cj ~ ~

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C -1UCIS) ~ r~ 1 If) r c= Z9fDJ ~~~~~ 4f~~~

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c)

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shy

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= =

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1)- 1)- JCj~

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Cj f - 8 Z C

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C

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cr ~ Cj --Cj C C] CO Lc r ~ t

CJ c Uc wc D~= ~~ 3 j ~ ~

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LL

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c

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TI~EIE Ceo FEDtjCiOn

GFI~I~= E[rIPD FCiOT OLUIIETIIFI [ [ilIHE [=[111 1 FllOr =TIIIIF TO ~) IIICH TiiF I I II~I file 1(111lt)

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7~iI) 111 -c =0 111 1[Ill] 1 1 1131 1~JC~I 05 72 119 ~5~j~ 4111i ~IC~ 111 11 CII -

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ni CJ - ~ c~ ~ fshy n shy -

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c~ tU

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C fJ i j) - -+

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shyshy

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u J n T

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[iPCI~CLIFIC I-[lOT lOLUIn rnHIE~LUME rROM 1 FOOT STIJMP TO 5 INCH TOP ( 11131Dr uriiIlt)

DElli ITITn I IlL I GHT (fTr FI (I tICIIE) 2[1 --I] 1[1 50 bO 70 80 9n lGG l1l1 120

----shy

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114 4 11 15 19 ~4 29 34 39 ~t_ 51 -~16 5 3 1 lC n 2~ 35 42 49 ~i6 to

c 0010 6 10 16 LL 55 43 50 ~j9 b 6

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30 1 -s c 11 63 3 Sj6 11 12 151 171 nn3~ 14 26 ~ 54 70 106 L6 146 163 190

34 16 29 43 f~D 7 96 11 130 161 IB~i ltU9 c 1036 17 - 1 47 65 1 lOb LJ J - 1f 20

C 1 ~12 1 1~5 165 1SJ2 2U3 19 34 131

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C] - - f- c 0 C1c] f eeshyJ = CJ ~I r

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fshy~ ]

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c-J ~ oj

-

- Jshy co = Co ~co C]c - ~ ~ C]C

~~~ ~ ~ f3 p

1 ~g 0

pound I G u- -f~ cr poundIe] co or r j U~ poundI

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~~=~amp~~

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c-1CCO ~ CD ~ C cshy- 7 en In D

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c

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if]~~~

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r~ r~ ~

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cr C-JD co Cl ej

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D C C] U~ 0 C] C] ~ r~ f

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cr Go - C]n

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T ~J 1 j 3=G

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j j v U u j -shy 110 11

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f) f]d rj J) T lgtJ0 -J

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amp G )3 ~ [

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J fJ- U C c

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fj tJ

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J j ijJ J foJ -j fj (shy

rrjshy~n iJ

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J 0 f -J cn -j

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J I OJ J ~

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C1 C co iD shy jj

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0 Cj [j - - en C h) -

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~ T I + LL J lJJ lJJ LU

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LL lJJ ~--~~

U~ cn - L f- f- Ishy~ ~ lJJ U~ J Cr- - -- T [~ lJJ ~ ~ LL LLi ~ ~ ~ LL LU

D

= 1 ~ LLe ~LL J J ~LL U il 1 I~il CL II -- il~ 1 shy- 7-- in II 1 Q W I C] QilJ

- I l 1 J I i J CL 1e I - I I = ~ I

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n -+ e CD GG J -w

II I- - fshy ~ ~w~t

~- u ~ -wgtw

cr)

L JgtW

LU - -gtWU j - gtLUU crr--~ il U~ II lt= CL i U~ II lt= il

we W I p] (i ~ LU 0) w l- CLI~ r- CL tt s ~ t- II I II

Sf 1

-(I [2tij I-U~~~~

I ~~~~~

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= LL I D I

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3~ - ~~ ~ ~ I i ~ J -D C J I I

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7- L =w lt= I ~ il I il

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w~~~~-~~~~~~ r--

T ~

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J 1 z U~Ilt=Dishylil~~ 1 ~I G i- z (1 pjI lt=II gtI z ~I IIgtZII-LU I cn lt= -

I

Ishyr fJ -- ishy

lJJ LJ r

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r r r

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c-

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+

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c -

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CTi

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LL W

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G -10

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= -S2

LL = shyi

LL ~

- I - 2

u~ +

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~

L

DCP LL CC rshy

~

C--2W I H

HH~_~_~shy

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un U~ c ~- H

LL+W G

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L ~~ = shy - ~ ~ -~ u l--

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w r 9i

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CL ~ J gt

--3 7-

J ~shy ~~~~~ - -shy --

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c D -

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f-LL I 2

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D-

C C JW = ~c

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~~~_H~~H

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r--LLL u -shy -

~~~~~~~

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Ci shy

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LL-1 ~ A -

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u II

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lJJ OJ CO -

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L7 CJiJLiJ - l iJ lJJlJJ tJ

LLJ~ ~- CJ -- -J - 15 iJU

IS - Q~T ~ c - C =wshy -C- --- w - - -- U~

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ii ~ ii u JI iJ7i-LiJ ~ ~ - r- i II - ~ - - gt- i f~ -

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f- ~ lJJuJ f- ~~(J -

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C] = I

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--- ~

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r

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Cj

SJ +

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J

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Lu W D [ Cj C co U

----

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LL

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= ~ QJ

LU U~ U ) LL = cshy

-

)LLW) LL ~

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shycr r~

J C shy-

Q

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LL u

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W+ =shy W

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U~_---------shy 2

Ck =CT

c -

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f = -

0-

~

c c

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shy-shy

cshy

shy

= W - ~ W-

LL

~ -shy _LL ~ -

- Cj

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J---~ ~-shy--

c T

crCC

shy - -Qshy

shy - shy - - v

CCD

= =~=LL LL

shy

~--~--~-~-shy== C~

- = cshy~shy

Cj

D [-

LL gt1- c shy ~

shy L - U shy shy -~ --

I-shy cshy-CJ -

Lu I

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Lu-- -U iL 1

f-LlJ

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I-- I

TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

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c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

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J I

f

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[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

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L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

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C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

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LLi

shy

uJ

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fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

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cr fr

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=7

(j C c] e~

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ishy D j

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I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

-

C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

fC deg]

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I CO Q

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CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

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CQ f

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cr co

CQ CQ

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flt1 co

D D fshy f f= ~ ~s~

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U is)i-

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CCshy fr shy crco

shyr

r U~ co f

u

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CD co CD co OJ

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coco

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Q C]

co 0 CO co

In rJ cow

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1 = CD co

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CTi -J ~ shy f- r- D

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D ~ J U~ CT CO co

= co

f C co f- CD r-

D CD

co r-

Cj r-

I ill

f-W W LL

G) IS)

D G-f u f

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D fshy

ill

U-i lCi I

J u

~ i D u

W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

-

--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

ill u fshy

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CI jr

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J (j

c

---- shy --shy -- -shy

-ill

J C 1 --- J- CO DC ID - C1CC]CJ

co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

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0 -0 03

W

B lJ~IV f-

Q LiJ D ~I -shy=rI CO UJ A

LLA DZ

I (FQf-WI

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w c lLi -J OJ Ifshy

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rshy~ ~

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fshyr 11

f1 tn cc

r~ 7shy0) CO cb

pJ CD

LJ ~

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co q c CO CO CO r- fshy

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fshyill LJ

IS) i~

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en D C- CO m

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0 = - GI rshy

fi fJ

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l1J r 3)

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In fshy

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~

fshyn shy

r~1c CO [I

Cj -

LJ u ~ -shy

5 cIn

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fshy

rshy

CT

D In 0 In fshy 1)

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co - is) ~

ill D iD -1 CO Jshyf- D

r~

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C J) n i= C 7 1) - -j C Cj

g

-CO

f~1 OJ

CO

f-CD

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lr) r~1 fshy -

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pJ CO

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c C (j ID co 13)f~ ~ f ~ ~~G~A~ U~DCj f~i r~1 f~ i~

- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

c

csshyOJ C

D Cj S~[~~2

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~-

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m j) j) co D CCIF - - ( Cj ~H~~f ~ ~

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C n i~ j n c r C J j Uc J Cj Cj ~ ~

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C -1UCIS) ~ r~ 1 If) r c= Z9fDJ ~~~~~ 4f~~~

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c)

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= =

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1)- 1)- JCj~

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Cj f - 8 Z C

T D ~ C T

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C

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cr ~ Cj --Cj C C] CO Lc r ~ t

CJ c Uc wc D~= ~~ 3 j ~ ~

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LL

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() c = LJ ~

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TI~EIE Ceo FEDtjCiOn

GFI~I~= E[rIPD FCiOT OLUIIETIIFI [ [ilIHE [=[111 1 FllOr =TIIIIF TO ~) IIICH TiiF I I II~I file 1(111lt)

lJDH TOHiL H[ IGlnlFEETJ ~C1I11ICIIF3) 30 40 [1 60 70 80 gO 100 llC1 10 131] 14C) 150 16U 170 10 130 110

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-71= 14 9 ) IDlj 131 lC 2CC 49 J -41 3I 4)1 51 371 (t 711 J

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--0 34 1 liP 1(f 44 321 40D 304 rn 21 Dr 973 1111 1)r 141U 1-il 171 191 III

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c~ tU

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CJ ~1 ~ t- C 0 -~~~-

~ shy

~ Cj C I~ f~ -+ - U~ D fshy 0 - - c i -+ i - --

-4

= D

~~-~C C ~~ T T u~ n D iD shy en f C CJ

LL ~

- ~

-- - - ~

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L [~ r I~ -

shy - ---

n --- c~ shy shy

shy ~

T(ELE Cl DOIJC[(I F IF

[iPCI~CLIFIC I-[lOT lOLUIn rnHIE~LUME rROM 1 FOOT STIJMP TO 5 INCH TOP ( 11131Dr uriiIlt)

DElli ITITn I IlL I GHT (fTr FI (I tICIIE) 2[1 --I] 1[1 50 bO 70 80 9n lGG l1l1 120

----shy

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114 4 11 15 19 ~4 29 34 39 ~t_ 51 -~16 5 3 1 lC n 2~ 35 42 49 ~i6 to

c 0010 6 10 16 LL 55 43 50 ~j9 b 6

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30 1 -s c 11 63 3 Sj6 11 12 151 171 nn3~ 14 26 ~ 54 70 106 L6 146 163 190

34 16 29 43 f~D 7 96 11 130 161 IB~i ltU9 c 1036 17 - 1 47 65 1 lOb LJ J - 1f 20

C 1 ~12 1 1~5 165 1SJ2 2U3 19 34 131

10 1 j ~f f 1[i iJ 15 1~)] 1) 20 3]--shy1 ~~ 41 co ) 10 ] 3~ U4 1~1 c -~I

44 ~f 4 C~i SID 1 1~ 1lS 16 ki) ~43 0

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SIJ 9 c 30 11[1 143 17 - 16 Sh 3 4J--- - -

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~n r- T -

C Ui- co - shy j - U_ fr J D~ ~

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~ ~ ~

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c

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C]

cl

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j- C ~

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shyshy1 u

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C c

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n

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1

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in Cj C 0 0 shy ~ cr shy c 0 - ~ u~~- -shy

n T ~ ~ cc D h- C r D - CT- 1 - - ~ C] ~]C

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cn j

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i ~ a f q ~2 f ~-~ f~L~ ~) co c- Cj

iT J - = U

~ ~~d~ C] Cj ] c f~

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= i~ f~ ~ f i fshy- ~

~ pound pound r~ c shy rshy co co e] l2- 10 shy cr U

i v

U~ ~]

D D CJ

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D CO CJ

)C] -cshy 1 = ~

~ rl Cl

shy 7 co rshy ~] cc f- ID lo shy-cr U~I0 f-C

C] - - f- c 0 C1c] f eeshyJ = CJ ~I r

~

= f- = - j) = U D - cr =

fshy~ ]

= 0

~ CO D shy ~ 1 l1) ~1 shy

Cl C] r~ ~~~~~ -~ c~ c~ g~ ~ ec c J - C j - 7 cr r- u~ f-

In - Cl U~ ~ j U~ f- CO -~ -

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co (0

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D

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c-J ~ oj

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~~~ ~ ~ f3 p

1 ~g 0

pound I G u- -f~ cr poundIe] co or r j U~ poundI

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g~pound ~~ ~ [ltJ

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shy rshy c ~ C f~ c 7 U~ ~- J IJ shy

if]~~~

LJ -1D of--

In W ~ f ~ ~ ~ ~]~

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J ~ ~- shy

r~ r~ ~

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= ~( ~ of-shygt0

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0 -1

cr C-JD co Cl ej

u- f- C -~]0~~GJ

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co en C]= co II j) r- co co

D C C] U~ 0 C] C] ~ r~ f

C [~ ~ C]

cr Go - C]n

CJ ~ ~ t~

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J

f-shy

i

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CLO LL C LL ~

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co

c ~

c

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r

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u shy

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c - ~1 U Cj jj Cj fj f) - - -~ ~

shy

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J -)

C fJ J ~

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jj f) fJ

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C~

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i cc j ~ ~ f~ ~ -

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j fj C Co -

f fJ C1 f

f)-c) CO cr CJ G i~ j jf] r

-j s i ISgt -

- D IJ

T ~J 1 j 3=G

cr C Ul e~ en e Cl ~

j j v U u j -shy 110 11

C CJ Cj f j) T Cl ) -j

oS G 3nJ

C1 e1 CJ cr ~ - J

fJ ~) p foJ pound -j p

f) f]d rj J) T lgtJ0 -J

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S c ~n

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C 0 CO CO -~ J - 0 lt -j

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( C CJ C f)Cj 0 (S en

amp G )3 ~ [

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iJ - Co

J fJ- U C c

U~i

CT

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fj tJ

jJ tJ

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]J shy 0 cr ~s ~ pound 9]

en L

J j ijJ J foJ -j fj (shy

rrjshy~n iJ

pS

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J 0 f -J cn -j

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)

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0 -j

J I OJ J ~

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c

j

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-shyj j ~ D -0

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--

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C1 C co iD shy jj

R~~~13

r[j~ J - r

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j j fj -ij ~~ ~ ~ C

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CD IS

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0 Cj [j - - en C h) -

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+

i --

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c -

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CTi

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LL W

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G -10

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= -S2

LL = shyi

LL ~

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u~ +

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~

L

DCP LL CC rshy

~

C--2W I H

HH~_~_~shy

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un U~ c ~- H

LL+W G

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L ~~ = shy - ~ ~ -~ u l--

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w r 9i

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CL ~ J gt

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J ~shy ~~~~~ - -shy --

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c D -

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D-

C C JW = ~c

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~~~~~~~

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Ci shy

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lJJ OJ CO -

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L7 CJiJLiJ - l iJ lJJlJJ tJ

LLJ~ ~- CJ -- -J - 15 iJU

IS - Q~T ~ c - C =wshy -C- --- w - - -- U~

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i- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ iI ~ iJf- C] i

ii ~ ii u JI iJ7i-LiJ ~ ~ - r- i II - ~ - - gt- i f~ -

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G -~ i-

f- ~ lJJuJ f- ~~(J -

c

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C] = I

w gt- G e J-IS f- gt- OJ G~ cc - - ~

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f- -[L ~

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Q = =-IS-gtshy

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f- fshy

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w lJJ

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r- ~- shy

F -d J

IiI

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-

D ~i~- shy

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--- ~

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r

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shy

Cj

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J

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[shy

W C -- r-

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Lu W D [ Cj C co U

----

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LL

L1 u -

= ~ QJ

LU U~ U ) LL = cshy

-

)LLW) LL ~

~ - -Q

shycr r~

J C shy-

Q

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LL u

wi LL -

shyf-2W un --shy

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W+ =shy W

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T-

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fshy-shy

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c co shy

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U~_---------shy 2

Ck =CT

c -

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f = -

0-

~

c c

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- -- +

shy-shy

cshy

shy

= W - ~ W-

LL

~ -shy _LL ~ -

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shy ~

J---~ ~-shy--

c T

crCC

shy - -Qshy

shy - shy - - v

CCD

= =~=LL LL

shy

~--~--~-~-shy== C~

- = cshy~shy

Cj

D [-

LL gt1- c shy ~

shy L - U shy shy -~ --

I-shy cshy-CJ -

Lu I

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Lu-- -U iL 1

f-LlJ

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I-- I

TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

- r~ Cj D CD In [c Cj Cj [r ~ Cj Cj -

c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

oJ ltj

C]D D ~~-

co fc Cj C In C]

J I

f

)f~ -

c Cj-

c Cj fr

~j

[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

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L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

C]s CO Lt j ~

- C -

C] -

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C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

LL lt

LLi

shy

uJ

J

fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

- In fshy

- i--

cr fr

~ 7 s

=7

(j C c] e~

J - D In

ishy D j

1(1- u~ [r

- ~

I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

-

C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

fC deg]

-

I CO Q

~~gt-i~

C Cj Lt ~-- -

CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

is iJ Cj

- iJ co

CQ f

~ (T- c

cr co

CQ CQ

-co-

flt1 co

D D fshy f f= ~ ~s~

- - CJ-CQm r CO

U is)i-

- f COCO

CCshy fr shy crco

shyr

r U~ co f

u

eCi ltI

l5 =J D

D iD

S) in-

In1- ~ f)

CD co CD co OJ

J - co in co f

S) D cr -Jco co CO r shy

-0 CCm J fshy r- m fshy

coco

U ~ u

In lC U

J u

shyc iJ w ~

~

S)f~1

Q C]

co 0 CO co

In rJ cow

In co

- Cj cr S) co CO CD fshy co

~~ ~~ ~6 ~j gg

- -crCCshy co OJ co f r f

1 = CD co

-D mm

- D r~ CQ CO r

CTi -J ~ shy f- r- D

~ -

~

D ~ J U~ CT CO co

= co

f C co f- CD r-

D CD

co r-

Cj r-

I ill

f-W W LL

G) IS)

D G-f u f

- 0 cr- 0 r lL

D fshy

ill

U-i lCi I

J u

~ i D u

W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

-

--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

ill u fshy

-

CI jr

-D -)

J (j

c

---- shy --shy -- -shy

-ill

J C 1 --- J- CO DC ID - C1CC]CJ

co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

- T ~ ~-g

0 -0 03

W

B lJ~IV f-

Q LiJ D ~I -shy=rI CO UJ A

LLA DZ

I (FQf-WI

~2 ~lLi Ir

w c lLi -J OJ Ifshy

- f-W lLi LL

rshy~ ~

~ lLi

~ ~ fshyu f-

I ill A

~ QC]

Q I]

I CD

IS fshy

I~ D

f-J

Q In

CJ

Q 1

~ C~ pJ CJ p~

Q ~

3 Cltj

ISI C]

I~j

IS f~1

IS ISI

C]

- m

0

-J [-

CCj

e ID

C]

IS) In

i~

~

~

r~

Q CJ

e

co C]j ID r- s ~JFJ ~J f ~ rJ ~5 f~~ Cf g ~

~ ~

~ -

GJ ~ ~-s CO ISI In D

GI 1 J

- cr)

D CO

S)-

CP 1 CO r

~ U) - C)

D 3 LJf-

JD -lt

3 G In

[shy0

Ci C) J 9

~

r~ co co

f~1 CO

CO

U~ I -1 ~

r~

In 0)

-lt QCO CD

fshyr 11

f1 tn cc

r~ 7shy0) CO cb

pJ CD

LJ ~

- iel

co q c CO CO CO r- fshy

--OJ -

fshyill LJ

IS) i~

1[1 ~ In cc co rshy

en D C- CO m

J

OJ

0 = - GI rshy

fi fJ

-1 CJ

l1J r 3)

-~ In

In fshy

-1 Ci u

~

fshyn shy

r~1c CO [I

Cj -

LJ u ~ -shy

5 cIn

S) m

fshy

rshy

CT

D In 0 In fshy 1)

-

co - is) ~

ill D iD -1 CO Jshyf- D

r~

C) fj

~

--~-shyr OJ

C J) n i= C 7 1) - -j C Cj

g

-CO

f~1 OJ

CO

f-CD

- CO f CO shy

lr) r~1 fshy -

In f

CO Ii)

pJ CO

en rshy

[-- mCD -

C

c C (j ID co 13)f~ ~ f ~ ~~G~A~ U~DCj f~i r~1 f~ i~

- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

c

csshyOJ C

D Cj S~[~~2

- - J coCJ 2~~~4 ~ --

~-

- en Ji- - J U

- - -

m j) j) co D CCIF - - ( Cj ~H~~f ~ ~

- --

G ~~L~f~ g~ ~ f) ~-f ~~~ ~--- J [j

D - co rS)J -C] r~ r~ ~ 1

-- _ ~J~~5~[~

D

c jC cn ~ 1

C CJ Dc s j~~~~j

~ Jc e CJshy ~c CJc r ~ C

- =

7 - ~- n ~~

cr

~i D

c

~ ui ~ T

C 1) ] Jr CC

~~rlt - i~n DrG

C n i~ j n c r C J j Uc J Cj Cj ~ ~

-7 C q ~i =1- j= GO

D iwi

~ W

C -1UCIS) ~ r~ 1 If) r c= Z9fDJ ~~~~~ 4f~~~

i lic

~ g~ f~ ~ 1 ~~~ 1 ~ [) ~ ~ ) - ~ ~n i gnJ~-pJ CJ CJ ) [5 [2 ~ ~ ~

- ~ =3 f ~ ~s C

co

~ - TC G Cj~ In ---- i 8 ~~~ ~=- CJ CJ Cc pJ

~

~

C

~~ ~~

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1- - rr Jc CJ r) 1 Uc j)

~~j g~ ic 4 wc

=~~ ~ i~~ i

e ~ CJ CC m c- C

CCj r lic D] [1 co c Ct

CJ C CJ

r r~ CJ - Cj

t D co J CJ CJ CJ

~ ~ ~ i i~ j C r~ r ~

- c j I T c c - ~ 1 j ~ )

wc

~

CjD [J

-

co

~

i

c - c f-shyw

i LI J C

-

ifshyi

~H--- LL CC

co u J C-j-J f~ 1 ui

1 C 1) In - CJ C r~

i~cr In - cn ] r i~

C1 D c ~ J r OJ 1] -11uc cr UC -j) [ cco Cr

r ue UC lic in - In r co

T 1 shy co D ~~ J) r C

J J) ) IDshypj J lii r

D co shy 1 C ) J i --

in lic D co - wi cr J Cj CJ

~~[~J~~~

JC c 1 T = Cj- CCj

c)

~ 0 CJ

-jCj

shy

~

= =

~ -

1)- 1)- JCj~

-j gt i~ ec IJ)

Cj f - 8 Z C

T D ~ C T

~

C

-- - D

cr ~ Cj --Cj C C] CO Lc r ~ t

CJ c Uc wc D~= ~~ 3 j ~ ~

- ~shy~---shywc JC D

LL

U I j ltS ~ ----

~ ~~~~ L~~ f f~ co - D T r~

~ Cj-J

() c = LJ ~

ccshyJ

-LL

---1

5S f- -- D LL ~

c

j~

s C

-D CC 0 i~ D

1 in rcn-

CJ 1 1 U

C ~ ~ D - Cj CJ r~

~j) co shy t - CjCJ

com-r~j

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f - jco CJ Cj f~ r~ fr j

D co s ~ li~ - - ej CjC]

D CJC ~ c D r

D C j cr J U- Lc wc j)

C CJ u~ ] f~ [j ~ ~

u

W ---1 CD Jshy

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--shy ~ shy

CD ~ shy--

i i

w

- - CD U ~

) eJ 1 lj) CC ~j Fj Z ~ 3 ~f J ~~ ~~ ~Wf~~

s Uc

TI~EIE Ceo FEDtjCiOn

GFI~I~= E[rIPD FCiOT OLUIIETIIFI [ [ilIHE [=[111 1 FllOr =TIIIIF TO ~) IIICH TiiF I I II~I file 1(111lt)

lJDH TOHiL H[ IGlnlFEETJ ~C1I11ICIIF3) 30 40 [1 60 70 80 gO 100 llC1 10 131] 14C) 150 16U 170 10 130 110

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r14 (oo 17 J )3 111 9 IDD 14 1401 177 07 23] 273 I] 3lri 3( 4 Ii 1 ) Ie 00lt 7Co e 16 11 23 57 deg 103 1 1 162 196 --- 271 313 -- 404 454 iOI itiO tj]7 li76

-71= 14 9 ) IDlj 131 lC 2CC 49 J -41 3I 4)1 51 371 (t 711 J

-cr20 1 36 co =9 13 163 20C J 31113 3ei 426 4) 562 63i 713 J5 [u 9U I 1If 0 0 - 1 43 10 I jO 19 )V1 CJ9 ) j 41 ) 1 j 1 C 1 771 Ii Jil 1CI 1177 11[1

I c24 -1 1- B6 129 1jB 235 )9 3C 445 j2F 617 12 813 19 lrI3 11iO 174 11VI 1531 76 21 11 1[1 151 210 - 1 131 53 61 (J C3 136 111131 1214 1353 I48 lC50 1809

--0 34 1 liP 1(f 44 321 40D 304 rn 21 Dr 973 1111 1)r 141U 1-il 171 191 III

30 39 1 13C D (1 371] 1)9 579 701] 830 969 1119 1277 1445 1622 lR08 2002 2205 2417 32 45 93 155 231 320 421 i3) 660 797 945 1105 1275 1456 1647 11348 2060 2282 2514 2755 34 5] 105 I 261 311 47C I I] 747 901 1069 1249 1441 1646 11362 2090 2329 2580 2842 3115

3f - 117 ISJ6 293 lor53) 67 =38 1012 1200 14CJ2 161 It)W U91 2346 ~Gl~) 23=J 3191 11 C) - 70)

) 63 131 219 43 597 -0 S35 I1d9 1339 1565 1131]6 2U62 2333 2618 2918 3232 3560 3902

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[iPCI~CLIFIC I-[lOT lOLUIn rnHIE~LUME rROM 1 FOOT STIJMP TO 5 INCH TOP ( 11131Dr uriiIlt)

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TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

- r~ Cj D CD In [c Cj Cj [r ~ Cj Cj -

c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

oJ ltj

C]D D ~~-

co fc Cj C In C]

J I

f

)f~ -

c Cj-

c Cj fr

~j

[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

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L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

C]s CO Lt j ~

- C -

C] -

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C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

LL lt

LLi

shy

uJ

J

fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

- In fshy

- i--

cr fr

~ 7 s

=7

(j C c] e~

J - D In

ishy D j

1(1- u~ [r

- ~

I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

-

C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

fC deg]

-

I CO Q

~~gt-i~

C Cj Lt ~-- -

CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

is iJ Cj

- iJ co

CQ f

~ (T- c

cr co

CQ CQ

-co-

flt1 co

D D fshy f f= ~ ~s~

- - CJ-CQm r CO

U is)i-

- f COCO

CCshy fr shy crco

shyr

r U~ co f

u

eCi ltI

l5 =J D

D iD

S) in-

In1- ~ f)

CD co CD co OJ

J - co in co f

S) D cr -Jco co CO r shy

-0 CCm J fshy r- m fshy

coco

U ~ u

In lC U

J u

shyc iJ w ~

~

S)f~1

Q C]

co 0 CO co

In rJ cow

In co

- Cj cr S) co CO CD fshy co

~~ ~~ ~6 ~j gg

- -crCCshy co OJ co f r f

1 = CD co

-D mm

- D r~ CQ CO r

CTi -J ~ shy f- r- D

~ -

~

D ~ J U~ CT CO co

= co

f C co f- CD r-

D CD

co r-

Cj r-

I ill

f-W W LL

G) IS)

D G-f u f

- 0 cr- 0 r lL

D fshy

ill

U-i lCi I

J u

~ i D u

W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

-

--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

ill u fshy

-

CI jr

-D -)

J (j

c

---- shy --shy -- -shy

-ill

J C 1 --- J- CO DC ID - C1CC]CJ

co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

- T ~ ~-g

0 -0 03

W

B lJ~IV f-

Q LiJ D ~I -shy=rI CO UJ A

LLA DZ

I (FQf-WI

~2 ~lLi Ir

w c lLi -J OJ Ifshy

- f-W lLi LL

rshy~ ~

~ lLi

~ ~ fshyu f-

I ill A

~ QC]

Q I]

I CD

IS fshy

I~ D

f-J

Q In

CJ

Q 1

~ C~ pJ CJ p~

Q ~

3 Cltj

ISI C]

I~j

IS f~1

IS ISI

C]

- m

0

-J [-

CCj

e ID

C]

IS) In

i~

~

~

r~

Q CJ

e

co C]j ID r- s ~JFJ ~J f ~ rJ ~5 f~~ Cf g ~

~ ~

~ -

GJ ~ ~-s CO ISI In D

GI 1 J

- cr)

D CO

S)-

CP 1 CO r

~ U) - C)

D 3 LJf-

JD -lt

3 G In

[shy0

Ci C) J 9

~

r~ co co

f~1 CO

CO

U~ I -1 ~

r~

In 0)

-lt QCO CD

fshyr 11

f1 tn cc

r~ 7shy0) CO cb

pJ CD

LJ ~

- iel

co q c CO CO CO r- fshy

--OJ -

fshyill LJ

IS) i~

1[1 ~ In cc co rshy

en D C- CO m

J

OJ

0 = - GI rshy

fi fJ

-1 CJ

l1J r 3)

-~ In

In fshy

-1 Ci u

~

fshyn shy

r~1c CO [I

Cj -

LJ u ~ -shy

5 cIn

S) m

fshy

rshy

CT

D In 0 In fshy 1)

-

co - is) ~

ill D iD -1 CO Jshyf- D

r~

C) fj

~

--~-shyr OJ

C J) n i= C 7 1) - -j C Cj

g

-CO

f~1 OJ

CO

f-CD

- CO f CO shy

lr) r~1 fshy -

In f

CO Ii)

pJ CO

en rshy

[-- mCD -

C

c C (j ID co 13)f~ ~ f ~ ~~G~A~ U~DCj f~i r~1 f~ i~

- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

c

csshyOJ C

D Cj S~[~~2

- - J coCJ 2~~~4 ~ --

~-

- en Ji- - J U

- - -

m j) j) co D CCIF - - ( Cj ~H~~f ~ ~

- --

G ~~L~f~ g~ ~ f) ~-f ~~~ ~--- J [j

D - co rS)J -C] r~ r~ ~ 1

-- _ ~J~~5~[~

D

c jC cn ~ 1

C CJ Dc s j~~~~j

~ Jc e CJshy ~c CJc r ~ C

- =

7 - ~- n ~~

cr

~i D

c

~ ui ~ T

C 1) ] Jr CC

~~rlt - i~n DrG

C n i~ j n c r C J j Uc J Cj Cj ~ ~

-7 C q ~i =1- j= GO

D iwi

~ W

C -1UCIS) ~ r~ 1 If) r c= Z9fDJ ~~~~~ 4f~~~

i lic

~ g~ f~ ~ 1 ~~~ 1 ~ [) ~ ~ ) - ~ ~n i gnJ~-pJ CJ CJ ) [5 [2 ~ ~ ~

- ~ =3 f ~ ~s C

co

~ - TC G Cj~ In ---- i 8 ~~~ ~=- CJ CJ Cc pJ

~

~

C

~~ ~~

S) CJ ~

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1- - rr Jc CJ r) 1 Uc j)

~~j g~ ic 4 wc

=~~ ~ i~~ i

e ~ CJ CC m c- C

CCj r lic D] [1 co c Ct

CJ C CJ

r r~ CJ - Cj

t D co J CJ CJ CJ

~ ~ ~ i i~ j C r~ r ~

- c j I T c c - ~ 1 j ~ )

wc

~

CjD [J

-

co

~

i

c - c f-shyw

i LI J C

-

ifshyi

~H--- LL CC

co u J C-j-J f~ 1 ui

1 C 1) In - CJ C r~

i~cr In - cn ] r i~

C1 D c ~ J r OJ 1] -11uc cr UC -j) [ cco Cr

r ue UC lic in - In r co

T 1 shy co D ~~ J) r C

J J) ) IDshypj J lii r

D co shy 1 C ) J i --

in lic D co - wi cr J Cj CJ

~~[~J~~~

JC c 1 T = Cj- CCj

c)

~ 0 CJ

-jCj

shy

~

= =

~ -

1)- 1)- JCj~

-j gt i~ ec IJ)

Cj f - 8 Z C

T D ~ C T

~

C

-- - D

cr ~ Cj --Cj C C] CO Lc r ~ t

CJ c Uc wc D~= ~~ 3 j ~ ~

- ~shy~---shywc JC D

LL

U I j ltS ~ ----

~ ~~~~ L~~ f f~ co - D T r~

~ Cj-J

() c = LJ ~

ccshyJ

-LL

---1

5S f- -- D LL ~

c

j~

s C

-D CC 0 i~ D

1 in rcn-

CJ 1 1 U

C ~ ~ D - Cj CJ r~

~j) co shy t - CjCJ

com-r~j

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f - jco CJ Cj f~ r~ fr j

D co s ~ li~ - - ej CjC]

D CJC ~ c D r

D C j cr J U- Lc wc j)

C CJ u~ ] f~ [j ~ ~

u

W ---1 CD Jshy

~~ ~ =~

--shy ~ shy

CD ~ shy--

i i

w

- - CD U ~

) eJ 1 lj) CC ~j Fj Z ~ 3 ~f J ~~ ~~ ~Wf~~

s Uc

TI~EIE Ceo FEDtjCiOn

GFI~I~= E[rIPD FCiOT OLUIIETIIFI [ [ilIHE [=[111 1 FllOr =TIIIIF TO ~) IIICH TiiF I I II~I file 1(111lt)

lJDH TOHiL H[ IGlnlFEETJ ~C1I11ICIIF3) 30 40 [1 60 70 80 gO 100 llC1 10 131] 14C) 150 16U 170 10 130 110

)2010 4 3 IJ 2 31-1 10 ) 1 13 76 SIII 105 11 133 1( 17) 1Ii 216 - I 1 13 c (12 6 21 32 44 iB ) )j 1IJJ 130 151 ] r- 200 =6 -_IC cB2 313 3(j J

r14 (oo 17 J )3 111 9 IDD 14 1401 177 07 23] 273 I] 3lri 3( 4 Ii 1 ) Ie 00lt 7Co e 16 11 23 57 deg 103 1 1 162 196 --- 271 313 -- 404 454 iOI itiO tj]7 li76

-71= 14 9 ) IDlj 131 lC 2CC 49 J -41 3I 4)1 51 371 (t 711 J

-cr20 1 36 co =9 13 163 20C J 31113 3ei 426 4) 562 63i 713 J5 [u 9U I 1If 0 0 - 1 43 10 I jO 19 )V1 CJ9 ) j 41 ) 1 j 1 C 1 771 Ii Jil 1CI 1177 11[1

I c24 -1 1- B6 129 1jB 235 )9 3C 445 j2F 617 12 813 19 lrI3 11iO 174 11VI 1531 76 21 11 1[1 151 210 - 1 131 53 61 (J C3 136 111131 1214 1353 I48 lC50 1809

--0 34 1 liP 1(f 44 321 40D 304 rn 21 Dr 973 1111 1)r 141U 1-il 171 191 III

30 39 1 13C D (1 371] 1)9 579 701] 830 969 1119 1277 1445 1622 lR08 2002 2205 2417 32 45 93 155 231 320 421 i3) 660 797 945 1105 1275 1456 1647 11348 2060 2282 2514 2755 34 5] 105 I 261 311 47C I I] 747 901 1069 1249 1441 1646 11362 2090 2329 2580 2842 3115

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TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

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shy

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rr

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=7

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co

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In

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j j

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CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

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CQ f

~ (T- c

cr co

CQ CQ

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flt1 co

D D fshy f f= ~ ~s~

- - CJ-CQm r CO

U is)i-

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CCshy fr shy crco

shyr

r U~ co f

u

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coco

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co 0 CO co

In rJ cow

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1 = CD co

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CTi -J ~ shy f- r- D

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D ~ J U~ CT CO co

= co

f C co f- CD r-

D CD

co r-

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I ill

f-W W LL

G) IS)

D G-f u f

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D fshy

ill

U-i lCi I

J u

~ i D u

W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

-

--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

ill u fshy

-

CI jr

-D -)

J (j

c

---- shy --shy -- -shy

-ill

J C 1 --- J- CO DC ID - C1CC]CJ

co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

- T ~ ~-g

0 -0 03

W

B lJ~IV f-

Q LiJ D ~I -shy=rI CO UJ A

LLA DZ

I (FQf-WI

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w c lLi -J OJ Ifshy

- f-W lLi LL

rshy~ ~

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I ill A

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fshyr 11

f1 tn cc

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pJ CD

LJ ~

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co q c CO CO CO r- fshy

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fshyill LJ

IS) i~

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en D C- CO m

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0 = - GI rshy

fi fJ

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l1J r 3)

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In fshy

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~

fshyn shy

r~1c CO [I

Cj -

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5 cIn

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fshy

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CT

D In 0 In fshy 1)

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co - is) ~

ill D iD -1 CO Jshyf- D

r~

C) fj

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C J) n i= C 7 1) - -j C Cj

g

-CO

f~1 OJ

CO

f-CD

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CO Ii)

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c C (j ID co 13)f~ ~ f ~ ~~G~A~ U~DCj f~i r~1 f~ i~

- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

c

csshyOJ C

D Cj S~[~~2

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~-

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m j) j) co D CCIF - - ( Cj ~H~~f ~ ~

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c jC cn ~ 1

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C n i~ j n c r C J j Uc J Cj Cj ~ ~

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C -1UCIS) ~ r~ 1 If) r c= Z9fDJ ~~~~~ 4f~~~

i lic

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c - c f-shyw

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JC c 1 T = Cj- CCj

c)

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shy

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= =

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1)- 1)- JCj~

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Cj f - 8 Z C

T D ~ C T

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C

-- - D

cr ~ Cj --Cj C C] CO Lc r ~ t

CJ c Uc wc D~= ~~ 3 j ~ ~

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LL

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TI~EIE Ceo FEDtjCiOn

GFI~I~= E[rIPD FCiOT OLUIIETIIFI [ [ilIHE [=[111 1 FllOr =TIIIIF TO ~) IIICH TiiF I I II~I file 1(111lt)

lJDH TOHiL H[ IGlnlFEETJ ~C1I11ICIIF3) 30 40 [1 60 70 80 gO 100 llC1 10 131] 14C) 150 16U 170 10 130 110

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r14 (oo 17 J )3 111 9 IDD 14 1401 177 07 23] 273 I] 3lri 3( 4 Ii 1 ) Ie 00lt 7Co e 16 11 23 57 deg 103 1 1 162 196 --- 271 313 -- 404 454 iOI itiO tj]7 li76

-71= 14 9 ) IDlj 131 lC 2CC 49 J -41 3I 4)1 51 371 (t 711 J

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--0 34 1 liP 1(f 44 321 40D 304 rn 21 Dr 973 1111 1)r 141U 1-il 171 191 III

30 39 1 13C D (1 371] 1)9 579 701] 830 969 1119 1277 1445 1622 lR08 2002 2205 2417 32 45 93 155 231 320 421 i3) 660 797 945 1105 1275 1456 1647 11348 2060 2282 2514 2755 34 5] 105 I 261 311 47C I I] 747 901 1069 1249 1441 1646 11362 2090 2329 2580 2842 3115

3f - 117 ISJ6 293 lor53) 67 =38 1012 1200 14CJ2 161 It)W U91 2346 ~Gl~) 23=J 3191 11 C) - 70)

) 63 131 219 43 597 -0 S35 I1d9 1339 1565 1131]6 2U62 2333 2618 2918 3232 3560 3902

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7~iI) 111 -c =0 111 1[Ill] 1 1 1131 1~JC~I 05 72 119 ~5~j~ 4111i ~IC~ 111 11 CII -

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shy-shy

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ni CJ - ~ c~ ~ fshy n shy -

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v U - - -

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D n -- - =

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c~ tU

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C fJ i j) - -+

D shy

fJ CO J) D U~ shy

shyshy

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-

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u J n T

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~ i-CJ i- r 1

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--- shy - -

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--+ ~f- Cfshy

co ~ - 1 C CJ - ~ i 1

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~ fr ---

-j - 7 J~ D - ~ fr En fshy~

- - CJC - - - f

CJ ~1 ~ t- C 0 -~~~-

~ shy

~ Cj C I~ f~ -+ - U~ D fshy 0 - - c i -+ i - --

-4

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LL ~

- ~

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L [~ r I~ -

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T(ELE Cl DOIJC[(I F IF

[iPCI~CLIFIC I-[lOT lOLUIn rnHIE~LUME rROM 1 FOOT STIJMP TO 5 INCH TOP ( 11131Dr uriiIlt)

DElli ITITn I IlL I GHT (fTr FI (I tICIIE) 2[1 --I] 1[1 50 bO 70 80 9n lGG l1l1 120

----shy

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114 4 11 15 19 ~4 29 34 39 ~t_ 51 -~16 5 3 1 lC n 2~ 35 42 49 ~i6 to

c 0010 6 10 16 LL 55 43 50 ~j9 b 6

~0 7 12 1 2b j5 41 50 60 69 7 ~1 SiO ~~ n 11 ~ 31] 39 em 58 69 1 I ]1]5

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34 16 29 43 f~D 7 96 11 130 161 IB~i ltU9 c 1036 17 - 1 47 65 1 lOb LJ J - 1f 20

C 1 ~12 1 1~5 165 1SJ2 2U3 19 34 131

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1

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~ = 3 ~~r~ In r-] ~

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~ -

cn j

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D 0 -cr = r~

i ~ a f q ~2 f ~-~ f~L~ ~) co c- Cj

iT J - = U

~ ~~d~ C] Cj ] c f~

i U~ ~J ~

= i~ f~ ~ f i fshy- ~

~ pound pound r~ c shy rshy co co e] l2- 10 shy cr U

i v

U~ ~]

D D CJ

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D CO CJ

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~ rl Cl

shy 7 co rshy ~] cc f- ID lo shy-cr U~I0 f-C

C] - - f- c 0 C1c] f eeshyJ = CJ ~I r

~

= f- = - j) = U D - cr =

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= 0

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Cl C] r~ ~~~~~ -~ c~ c~ g~ ~ ec c J - C j - 7 cr r- u~ f-

In - Cl U~ ~ j U~ f- CO -~ -

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D

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1 ~g 0

pound I G u- -f~ cr poundIe] co or r j U~ poundI

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J ~ 3 ) ~ - ~ e

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if]~~~

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J ~ ~- shy

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f fJ C1 f

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C CJ Cj f j) T Cl ) -j

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C1 C co iD shy jj

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r[j~ J - r

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j j fj -ij ~~ ~ ~ C

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CD IS

-ID S

f [1

j - ~ ~ shy- 0 OJ -i ] C 0 Ci j CJ

0 Cj [j - - en C h) -

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C j fj~ - ) r c s

TABLE 17 GROSS ViJLUt1E I TELlOODS TYPE=D-Hn~BLES FOR LlH++h+0 SAt1PLE f]2E 68

1[1FOOT STUMP TO 8[1 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUAT10H V = BO(DB1) (HB2)IJHERE

D=D1AMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELDW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUMI1AFy

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STAHDt~RD I ] LH I AIE I AGG 1 I I ]I DEI ATl [lH I DE IIIA Tl or1 I FU2 I BIA~3 I DE 1 I D]FF I B0 I 81 I 82 II (LH UfJIT~=)I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I I (PEFCEtIT) I (PERCEHT) ] I I ]I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 188 I 2065 I 971 I 1[118 I 14592 I -637 11[161[-[1311754E+0112113E+[11]

H=~lERCH HE IGHT I 123 I 1314 I 988 1 1[1[18I 9743 I 1746 I219[1E-(11I 1476E+01] 1B3E+O I]

H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 17B6I3E+OD 1112=33E+01

1 1 I ] 1 1 1 1 1 1

I ~ I I 1 I 1 1 1 1 111-476E+D I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUili1AF( 1 I 1 1 ] I 1 1 1 1

I DEilfHIOt1 I DEIIAT IOH I R2 I BIAS I DE I DIFF I 80 ] 81 I 82 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 174 I 19[13 I 969 I 1015 I 13098 I -514 I 1273E-03 I 1702E+fJ 1 11 36E+D 1 I

I -I 1 ] 1 I ] 1 1 ]

I TAHDARD I fTAt1DAFD I I LN I AiE I RGG I I I I

(PERCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEHT) I (FEPCEHn I I ] II I 1 1~ ]-------- I 1 1 1 1I (LtJ Ut1 ITS) I

H =1lERCH HE IGHT I W7 I 112l3 I 988 I 1006 1 B6 I 1 13B I 10 01 E - 01 I 1 44[1 E +01 I 103 1 E +0 1 I

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 120[16E+00I1440E+0111081E+011

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

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c Inshy

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e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

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C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

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shy

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rr

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=7

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co

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-

In

-j- Cj

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j j

CO

LLi J co

c

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CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

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4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

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= co

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ill

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W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

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--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

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ill

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---- shy --shy -- -shy

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co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

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- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

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GFI~I~= E[rIPD FCiOT OLUIIETIIFI [ [ilIHE [=[111 1 FllOr =TIIIIF TO ~) IIICH TiiF I I II~I file 1(111lt)

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[iPCI~CLIFIC I-[lOT lOLUIn rnHIE~LUME rROM 1 FOOT STIJMP TO 5 INCH TOP ( 11131Dr uriiIlt)

DElli ITITn I IlL I GHT (fTr FI (I tICIIE) 2[1 --I] 1[1 50 bO 70 80 9n lGG l1l1 120

----shy

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114 4 11 15 19 ~4 29 34 39 ~t_ 51 -~16 5 3 1 lC n 2~ 35 42 49 ~i6 to

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34 16 29 43 f~D 7 96 11 130 161 IB~i ltU9 c 1036 17 - 1 47 65 1 lOb LJ J - 1f 20

C 1 ~12 1 1~5 165 1SJ2 2U3 19 34 131

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-

( ~ 2- -~ =~

C]

cl

- f~ in -cr

--

j- C ~

~ ~ t fshy] c j gt~

~ ~ ~~~ ~~ Cj C] C ~ J

- (

- ~ J

J c

c j

--shy -J ~

~ pound

shyshy1 u

-oJ -- - ~ -~- - w

J = ) - C CJ7 D D

C c

shy shy cr e]J In - rshy- ~D shy ~~~~~~

n

v y

-shy

1

J Cl -- G

iJ J shy T Cj ~ c~

in Cj C 0 0 shy ~ cr shy c 0 - ~ u~~- -shy

n T ~ ~ cc D h- C r D - CT- 1 - - ~ C] ~]C

- ~ - shy

- C J j ~ Y

--

-1

shy )

~J

~

~~Li Ci8 ~~ ~ r- CrG e]Y

~ = 3 ~~r~ In r-] ~

- ]C = ~ ~ C C] - -

~ -

cn j

- u~ T [~Co gt - Uj U~ L- C p ~

D 0 -cr = r~

i ~ a f q ~2 f ~-~ f~L~ ~) co c- Cj

iT J - = U

~ ~~d~ C] Cj ] c f~

i U~ ~J ~

= i~ f~ ~ f i fshy- ~

~ pound pound r~ c shy rshy co co e] l2- 10 shy cr U

i v

U~ ~]

D D CJ

~i ~s2 - J~ u- = = shy -~ ~ ~~ IJ

D CO CJ

)C] -cshy 1 = ~

~ rl Cl

shy 7 co rshy ~] cc f- ID lo shy-cr U~I0 f-C

C] - - f- c 0 C1c] f eeshyJ = CJ ~I r

~

= f- = - j) = U D - cr =

fshy~ ]

= 0

~ CO D shy ~ 1 l1) ~1 shy

Cl C] r~ ~~~~~ -~ c~ c~ g~ ~ ec c J - C j - 7 cr r- u~ f-

In - Cl U~ ~ j U~ f- CO -~ -

~ T

co (0

LJ gtshy~ en

D

f--shyw u ~ = - )

c-J ~ oj

-

- Jshy co = Co ~co C]c - ~ ~ C]C

~~~ ~ ~ f3 p

1 ~g 0

pound I G u- -f~ cr poundIe] co or r j U~ poundI

- 13) C]r- U~ shy eJ f C]CC Cr~ f~ 7 7

- C]0 eJ ~ U~ J i~ co Cej C] r~ r~

~~=~amp~~

-T J r - r- U~C]U~D Ij) r- co

c-1CCO ~ CD ~ C cshy- 7 en In D

n-u~c- - - ej~ - J - U~

3) cr ~ C- D ~ f~

J 7 = ~ Cj

= U~ ~ shy i C rshy- c c J

~J

L

T CJ ~ - i

~]

7

Q - F

-(J ~

- ~ ~ t=

c

T - 0 D L~ 1 D co -

~~~S~

~j CJ fr 0 -pound J ~]u~ J - - ~]C e]

J ~ 3 ) ~ - ~ e

g~pound ~~ ~ [ltJ

c c - COshyi ~ j) cr C pound C Cq C] r~ r~

shy rshy c ~ C f~ c 7 U~ ~- J IJ shy

if]~~~

LJ -1D of--

In W ~ f ~ ~ ~ ~]~

en u- U~D cr

3S~~J~ C] 0 -~ shy shy ~ J j J

J ~ ~- shy

r~ r~ ~

-

f--yen=

=~

~ ~~ 0 L~ ~JC] ~

J shy ~ c]~Ll D - 0 -

c ~ ~ shy - - ~7 li~

- = -

C c] en

-

~

-

= ~( ~ of-shygt0

- f--LL 0 0 LLshy

13)

)

0 -1

cr C-JD co Cl ej

u- f- C -~]0~~GJ

~ L~ rshy c r - - - CC]

co en C]= co II j) r- co co

D C C] U~ 0 C] C] ~ r~ f

C [~ ~ C]

cr Go - C]n

CJ ~ ~ t~

~~ Ci

J

f-shy

i

~~

CLO LL C LL ~

~ =~ C _1LL - Cgt

co

c ~

c

= c 1 D CO ~j J s ~

= ~] -1 L ~ ~ ~ fr ~ ~ + ~~ s

r

shy ~ ~

shy~

shy~

j Cj CJ C

- ~ f~~ =~ ~=

-~~-~

~ shy

~ -

u shy

-

-

c - ~1 U Cj jj Cj fj f) - - -~ ~

shy

~

-

--

~

~

- c D -j

J -)

C fJ J ~

J

n - -- J

--~~~ _nC - C

jshy ~ --C OJ -] ~r

~ J _I U -J

D OJ - cr _1

i) - S OJ-j cr

[))jshy

jj f) fJ

( L jj f

Cj ~

~n

0 c

- =

-

C~

~

- ~J ij Cj c0 ~~Cshy

i cc j ~ ~ f~ ~ -

CIo j ---

ID OJ - en jj ) i

-J

- shy ~ r = (F

j fj C Co -

f fJ C1 f

f)-c) CO cr CJ G i~ j jf] r

-j s i ISgt -

- D IJ

T ~J 1 j 3=G

cr C Ul e~ en e Cl ~

j j v U u j -shy 110 11

C CJ Cj f j) T Cl ) -j

oS G 3nJ

C1 e1 CJ cr ~ - J

fJ ~) p foJ pound -j p

f) f]d rj J) T lgtJ0 -J

-j C i) j CJ ) cn Cj

S c ~n

~ ~ Ci -J -

- 0 -J

shy

-

FF

- rri

~

OJ S

c

- D- ~ ~ ~

n-

10shy3)

z C~

IT

OJ ]) U

i~ iC

[

0

0 -J - C c ~1 D ltgt

C 0 CO CO -~ J - 0 lt -j

~n ~ ~9

) ~n Ul 0 r) j J j U

~ 2 ~

-j -j T ]) -1 0 cj IJi )

~j jj Cj fj f) OJ - 3) C hj

( C CJ C f)Cj 0 (S en

amp G )3 ~ [

~ C cj ) -J

iJ - Co

J fJ- U C c

U~i

CT

c-shyJ]

iTj

fj tJ

jJ tJ

~ jJ j -

]J shy 0 cr ~s ~ pound 9]

en L

J j ijJ J foJ -j fj (shy

rrjshy~n iJ

pS

-5~ii 0 OJ cc

J 0 f -J cn -j

enen(cJ C) i_j -j - Cl ~ r~ iS 0 ~

)

~

~1 Cl c C~lC-~ -~

0 -j

J I OJ J ~

-j u ~ ~ ~ ~ j - ru _i- -

-J fj -j j v G

(C

c

j

~~-~shy

J ] u - ]

- - - ~- j ] jj ~ D -j

8 E~ ~J ~ amp

- OJ -j -j 0 CD C

-j ~ 0 0 CO -J ]) ~ ]) -j

-shyj j ~ D -0

-i C1 CO0 0

--

~n fG N

C1 C co iD shy jj

R~~~13

r[j~ J - r

-J c ~J J 0 T Ij Ul

j j fj -ij ~~ ~ ~ C

--

CD IS

-ID S

f [1

j - ~ ~ shy- 0 OJ -i ] C 0 Ci j CJ

0 Cj [j - - en C h) -

D -j en - [) Ul jj

~ ~

C j fj~ - ) r c s

TABLE 18 GRO~S VOLUt1E H1BLES FOR ITELJOml~ TYPE=D-H---GFJH++jjjj++)j+j+otjCj++)j~ftt(tltgtt+jtlt+ SArlPLE ~ IZE= 6=

10 FOOT STUMP TO 80 INCHES TOP DIB

EQUATION V = B0(DfBl) (H+B2) (GFB3)-JHERE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOAPD FOOT OLUIlE--STAT IT sur-1i1AP(1UiL

1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANDARD I STANDARD I I LN I AvE I I I 1 I II c c

I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R2 I BIAS I DEV I DIFF I 80 I B1 I 82 I 83 II (Ui UN Ir)I (PERCan) I I I (PEPCENT)I (PEPCEHT I 1 I I I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 116 I 1235 I 989 I 1007 I 9553 I -905 I 9473E-08 I 2[)52E+I] I I 1523E+01 I 2563E+EJ II

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=t1ERCHHEIGHT I 085 1 882 I 994 I I004 I 6530 I 1284 1 1465 E - [14 I 1 76 [1 E +0 1 I 1 [1 I 7 E +0 1 I I 3 is E +0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1H=LOG HEIGHT I I I I I I 1 250IE-poundI31 1760E+OI I 1017E+Ol I I 736E+Ell I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 1 1---- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1I STANNiRD I STAHDfiPD I I U I f21E I AGe I I I I II DEVlfnWN I DEv I fiT lOt I P+t2 I BIAS 1 DEv I DIFF I BO 1 Bl I E32 1 [3 II (LNUtJlr3)1 ( Pl=PCEtlT) I I I (PEPCEHT) I (PEPCEHT) I I I I II I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 115 I 1221 I 987 11007 I 8709 I -721 I31E-07Il7EHIII1212E+01Inl9E+Ol1

I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I I I 11964E-03116B4E+01IB521E+poundIOI1495E+Ol11 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H =~1ERCH HE IGHT I 1]74 I 764 I 995 11003 I 5693 I 802 11849E-04116B4E+OIItSIE+00I1495E+OII1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

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TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

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70 j 71 61

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78

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71

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75

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79

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60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

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c-shyJ]

iTj

fj tJ

jJ tJ

~ jJ j -

]J shy 0 cr ~s ~ pound 9]

en L

J j ijJ J foJ -j fj (shy

rrjshy~n iJ

pS

-5~ii 0 OJ cc

J 0 f -J cn -j

enen(cJ C) i_j -j - Cl ~ r~ iS 0 ~

)

~

~1 Cl c C~lC-~ -~

0 -j

J I OJ J ~

-j u ~ ~ ~ ~ j - ru _i- -

-J fj -j j v G

(C

c

j

~~-~shy

J ] u - ]

- - - ~- j ] jj ~ D -j

8 E~ ~J ~ amp

- OJ -j -j 0 CD C

-j ~ 0 0 CO -J ]) ~ ]) -j

-shyj j ~ D -0

-i C1 CO0 0

--

~n fG N

C1 C co iD shy jj

R~~~13

r[j~ J - r

-J c ~J J 0 T Ij Ul

j j fj -ij ~~ ~ ~ C

--

CD IS

-ID S

f [1

j - ~ ~ shy- 0 OJ -i ] C 0 Ci j CJ

0 Cj [j - - en C h) -

D -j en - [) Ul jj

~ ~

C j fj~ - ) r c s

TABLE 19 GRO~=S VOLUME TIIBLES FOR IJJHITELJOfJDS TtFE=D--H ++lIlt+gtIltgtIlttgtf(+gtftgtIjlt++++gtI ~3rHlPLE I ZE 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 ]NCHES TOP DlB

EQUATION V = 80(D81) (HB) LJH E F~E

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE 8ARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR HUMBER OF LOGS--SEE 8ELOW--

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATlSTICAL SUt-1r1F1FY 1 1 1 1 1 1--------- 1 1 1 1 I STANDARD I STIINDFtPD I I Ul I AvE 1 AGG I I I 1 1 DEvIATIDH I DEvIATImJ I RM2 I BIAS I DE 1 DIFF I 80 1 81 I 82 I I (UJ UNlEi) I (FERCEHT) I 1 I (PERCEtH) I (PEF~CEHT) 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HE IGHT I H6 I 041 I 978 1 1017 I 14341 1 -211 I 1479E -03 I 1759E +011 041 [-+01 1

1 1------- 1 1 1-------- I 1 1 1 1 H=11EPCHHE I GHT I 140 I 1~iO[1 I 98pound I 10IfJ I 11095 I 1991 I 1269E-01 I 1~i22E+0 11 1354[-HJ 1I

1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I I I ~i56C1E-H]C1I 15nE+0 11 13)4E+0 11

I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FDDT OLlJtlES--STAT I~=TICAL ~3U ~1t-IA P

1 1 1---- I I 1 1 1 1 TAtWAPD I STAHDAF~D I I LH I AE I AGG I I I DEvIATIm-1 I DEiIFHIOH I R gtWM2 I 8Ui I DE I DIFF I 80 I B1 B2 I (LH UHIE) I (FEPCEHD I I I (PERCEtH) I (F[PC[tH)I 1 1 1 I 1 1-------- I I ~---I

H=TDTAL HEIGHT I 154 I 1661 1 9=011012 I 11B13 I [1(0 12873[--031 16E3E+01 1 15EJ4f+01I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=tlEPCH HE 1GHT I 114 I 12 1 I 989 I 1007 I 9146 1 1496 1 90431_O~I 1489E +01 11059[+[11 I

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H=LDG HEIGHT I I I I I 1 I1705E-HJOI149E+0 W59[+D11 1 I

I I I I I ] 1 1 1 1

n shy

TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

- r~ Cj D CD In [c Cj Cj [r ~ Cj Cj -

c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

oJ ltj

C]D D ~~-

co fc Cj C In C]

J I

f

)f~ -

c Cj-

c Cj fr

~j

[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

~J CO (I flt - Cj-

L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

C]s CO Lt j ~

- C -

C] -

- ~

)-~ COD

C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

LL lt

LLi

shy

uJ

J

fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

- In fshy

- i--

cr fr

~ 7 s

=7

(j C c] e~

J - D In

ishy D j

1(1- u~ [r

- ~

I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

-

C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

fC deg]

-

I CO Q

~~gt-i~

C Cj Lt ~-- -

CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

is iJ Cj

- iJ co

CQ f

~ (T- c

cr co

CQ CQ

-co-

flt1 co

D D fshy f f= ~ ~s~

- - CJ-CQm r CO

U is)i-

- f COCO

CCshy fr shy crco

shyr

r U~ co f

u

eCi ltI

l5 =J D

D iD

S) in-

In1- ~ f)

CD co CD co OJ

J - co in co f

S) D cr -Jco co CO r shy

-0 CCm J fshy r- m fshy

coco

U ~ u

In lC U

J u

shyc iJ w ~

~

S)f~1

Q C]

co 0 CO co

In rJ cow

In co

- Cj cr S) co CO CD fshy co

~~ ~~ ~6 ~j gg

- -crCCshy co OJ co f r f

1 = CD co

-D mm

- D r~ CQ CO r

CTi -J ~ shy f- r- D

~ -

~

D ~ J U~ CT CO co

= co

f C co f- CD r-

D CD

co r-

Cj r-

I ill

f-W W LL

G) IS)

D G-f u f

- 0 cr- 0 r lL

D fshy

ill

U-i lCi I

J u

~ i D u

W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

-

--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

ill u fshy

-

CI jr

-D -)

J (j

c

---- shy --shy -- -shy

-ill

J C 1 --- J- CO DC ID - C1CC]CJ

co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

- T ~ ~-g

0 -0 03

W

B lJ~IV f-

Q LiJ D ~I -shy=rI CO UJ A

LLA DZ

I (FQf-WI

~2 ~lLi Ir

w c lLi -J OJ Ifshy

- f-W lLi LL

rshy~ ~

~ lLi

~ ~ fshyu f-

I ill A

~ QC]

Q I]

I CD

IS fshy

I~ D

f-J

Q In

CJ

Q 1

~ C~ pJ CJ p~

Q ~

3 Cltj

ISI C]

I~j

IS f~1

IS ISI

C]

- m

0

-J [-

CCj

e ID

C]

IS) In

i~

~

~

r~

Q CJ

e

co C]j ID r- s ~JFJ ~J f ~ rJ ~5 f~~ Cf g ~

~ ~

~ -

GJ ~ ~-s CO ISI In D

GI 1 J

- cr)

D CO

S)-

CP 1 CO r

~ U) - C)

D 3 LJf-

JD -lt

3 G In

[shy0

Ci C) J 9

~

r~ co co

f~1 CO

CO

U~ I -1 ~

r~

In 0)

-lt QCO CD

fshyr 11

f1 tn cc

r~ 7shy0) CO cb

pJ CD

LJ ~

- iel

co q c CO CO CO r- fshy

--OJ -

fshyill LJ

IS) i~

1[1 ~ In cc co rshy

en D C- CO m

J

OJ

0 = - GI rshy

fi fJ

-1 CJ

l1J r 3)

-~ In

In fshy

-1 Ci u

~

fshyn shy

r~1c CO [I

Cj -

LJ u ~ -shy

5 cIn

S) m

fshy

rshy

CT

D In 0 In fshy 1)

-

co - is) ~

ill D iD -1 CO Jshyf- D

r~

C) fj

~

--~-shyr OJ

C J) n i= C 7 1) - -j C Cj

g

-CO

f~1 OJ

CO

f-CD

- CO f CO shy

lr) r~1 fshy -

In f

CO Ii)

pJ CO

en rshy

[-- mCD -

C

c C (j ID co 13)f~ ~ f ~ ~~G~A~ U~DCj f~i r~1 f~ i~

- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

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TABLE 20 GROSS VOLUME TABLES FOR ~~ITEWOODS TYPE=D-H-GF +++ilt+f++++++jlt++fAI++I+I++V++gtlt SAMPLE SIZE= 71

10 FOOT STUMP TO 70 INCHES TOP DIB

EDLIfITICIII = DO([n~tE1) (IklD2) UFgtlctR-D tJHEfE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BARK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE EELOtJ---GF=GIPARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL UI1flnpy

I I 1 1 1---- 1 [ 1 1 1 [STI~~mnFm I =iTf~NDARD ] I UJ I f21E [ AIG I I 1 I [ I DEl(tTIOIj I DEvInTIOI1 I F+~2 I B If~~ I DEv 1 DIFF I BO I B 1 I EQ J B-3 J 1 (LN UNIr3) I (PERCEIIT) ] I I ( PERCEln) I (PERCEHT) [ [ 1 1 1 1- ------ [ 1 1------- 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTnL HE1GHT [ 126 [ 1339 [ 190 1 1 003 95 1 1 -4 1 1 2391 E-07 I 2067E +01 1 1457E +01 13 1E+01 1 [ I ] 1-------- [ 1 1 1 [ 1

H =r-IERCH HE 1l~iHT [ 093 [ 9 1 J 9~J5 I 1 OU4 7 1Ei3 1 1345 1 462E-fFS I an lE+O 11 Inmr+u 11190 lE+O 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 ] ] ] ]

H=LOG HEIGHT [ [ J I 1 I 3fLE-04] It=nE+Ol 1 1D3E+Ol] 1901E+Dl 1 1 [ J 1 I 1 ( 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STAT]STICAL ~3 U In1 n F~J

1 ] 1---- 1 1 1-------- 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 TAtmr~FUI 1 ~Tf2ltIDnFD 1 1 l_H 1 AiE 1 r~GI 1 ] ] I 1 1 DE-]HT 101-11 DEvI~ITIOH 1 R2 1 EH6 I DEi 1 D]FF ] BO ] 81 J 82 [ 83 ] ] (LH UtJ ITS) 1 ( PEPCEI1T) 1 1 1 ( FEFCEI1TJ 1 (FEFCEtH) 1 1 1 J 1 ] J 1 1-- J I_h 1 1 1 1 ]

H=TDTAL HEIGHT ] 114 1 121]5 1 939 1 1006 1 213 ] 0413 J 444[[-06] 1917E+Ol 11141E+Oll197E+Ol] ] T ] 1 ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1

H=t1EFCH HE ICHT [ Of35 1 tJ 1 994 1 1004 1 to i79 1 11313 1 2092[-041 114E-H~1l 1 CUE+[IOI 1~9[+OI1 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1 ] ) ]

H=LOG HEIGHT 1 ] 1 1 1 1 122E-03]114E~Jl1280E+OO[ 139E+Ol1 [ I ] 1 1 ] 1 1 1 ] 1

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

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c Inshy

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rr

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shy t

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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

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70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

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69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

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7 77 7i

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133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

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74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

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71

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7B 0

2

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74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

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El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

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12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

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2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

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4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

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co

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d ~~~ 2

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- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

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[iPCI~CLIFIC I-[lOT lOLUIn rnHIE~LUME rROM 1 FOOT STIJMP TO 5 INCH TOP ( 11131Dr uriiIlt)

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~

~~Li Ci8 ~~ ~ r- CrG e]Y

~ = 3 ~~r~ In r-] ~

- ]C = ~ ~ C C] - -

~ -

cn j

- u~ T [~Co gt - Uj U~ L- C p ~

D 0 -cr = r~

i ~ a f q ~2 f ~-~ f~L~ ~) co c- Cj

iT J - = U

~ ~~d~ C] Cj ] c f~

i U~ ~J ~

= i~ f~ ~ f i fshy- ~

~ pound pound r~ c shy rshy co co e] l2- 10 shy cr U

i v

U~ ~]

D D CJ

~i ~s2 - J~ u- = = shy -~ ~ ~~ IJ

D CO CJ

)C] -cshy 1 = ~

~ rl Cl

shy 7 co rshy ~] cc f- ID lo shy-cr U~I0 f-C

C] - - f- c 0 C1c] f eeshyJ = CJ ~I r

~

= f- = - j) = U D - cr =

fshy~ ]

= 0

~ CO D shy ~ 1 l1) ~1 shy

Cl C] r~ ~~~~~ -~ c~ c~ g~ ~ ec c J - C j - 7 cr r- u~ f-

In - Cl U~ ~ j U~ f- CO -~ -

~ T

co (0

LJ gtshy~ en

D

f--shyw u ~ = - )

c-J ~ oj

-

- Jshy co = Co ~co C]c - ~ ~ C]C

~~~ ~ ~ f3 p

1 ~g 0

pound I G u- -f~ cr poundIe] co or r j U~ poundI

- 13) C]r- U~ shy eJ f C]CC Cr~ f~ 7 7

- C]0 eJ ~ U~ J i~ co Cej C] r~ r~

~~=~amp~~

-T J r - r- U~C]U~D Ij) r- co

c-1CCO ~ CD ~ C cshy- 7 en In D

n-u~c- - - ej~ - J - U~

3) cr ~ C- D ~ f~

J 7 = ~ Cj

= U~ ~ shy i C rshy- c c J

~J

L

T CJ ~ - i

~]

7

Q - F

-(J ~

- ~ ~ t=

c

T - 0 D L~ 1 D co -

~~~S~

~j CJ fr 0 -pound J ~]u~ J - - ~]C e]

J ~ 3 ) ~ - ~ e

g~pound ~~ ~ [ltJ

c c - COshyi ~ j) cr C pound C Cq C] r~ r~

shy rshy c ~ C f~ c 7 U~ ~- J IJ shy

if]~~~

LJ -1D of--

In W ~ f ~ ~ ~ ~]~

en u- U~D cr

3S~~J~ C] 0 -~ shy shy ~ J j J

J ~ ~- shy

r~ r~ ~

-

f--yen=

=~

~ ~~ 0 L~ ~JC] ~

J shy ~ c]~Ll D - 0 -

c ~ ~ shy - - ~7 li~

- = -

C c] en

-

~

-

= ~( ~ of-shygt0

- f--LL 0 0 LLshy

13)

)

0 -1

cr C-JD co Cl ej

u- f- C -~]0~~GJ

~ L~ rshy c r - - - CC]

co en C]= co II j) r- co co

D C C] U~ 0 C] C] ~ r~ f

C [~ ~ C]

cr Go - C]n

CJ ~ ~ t~

~~ Ci

J

f-shy

i

~~

CLO LL C LL ~

~ =~ C _1LL - Cgt

co

c ~

c

= c 1 D CO ~j J s ~

= ~] -1 L ~ ~ ~ fr ~ ~ + ~~ s

r

shy ~ ~

shy~

shy~

j Cj CJ C

- ~ f~~ =~ ~=

-~~-~

~ shy

~ -

u shy

-

-

c - ~1 U Cj jj Cj fj f) - - -~ ~

shy

~

-

--

~

~

- c D -j

J -)

C fJ J ~

J

n - -- J

--~~~ _nC - C

jshy ~ --C OJ -] ~r

~ J _I U -J

D OJ - cr _1

i) - S OJ-j cr

[))jshy

jj f) fJ

( L jj f

Cj ~

~n

0 c

- =

-

C~

~

- ~J ij Cj c0 ~~Cshy

i cc j ~ ~ f~ ~ -

CIo j ---

ID OJ - en jj ) i

-J

- shy ~ r = (F

j fj C Co -

f fJ C1 f

f)-c) CO cr CJ G i~ j jf] r

-j s i ISgt -

- D IJ

T ~J 1 j 3=G

cr C Ul e~ en e Cl ~

j j v U u j -shy 110 11

C CJ Cj f j) T Cl ) -j

oS G 3nJ

C1 e1 CJ cr ~ - J

fJ ~) p foJ pound -j p

f) f]d rj J) T lgtJ0 -J

-j C i) j CJ ) cn Cj

S c ~n

~ ~ Ci -J -

- 0 -J

shy

-

FF

- rri

~

OJ S

c

- D- ~ ~ ~

n-

10shy3)

z C~

IT

OJ ]) U

i~ iC

[

0

0 -J - C c ~1 D ltgt

C 0 CO CO -~ J - 0 lt -j

~n ~ ~9

) ~n Ul 0 r) j J j U

~ 2 ~

-j -j T ]) -1 0 cj IJi )

~j jj Cj fj f) OJ - 3) C hj

( C CJ C f)Cj 0 (S en

amp G )3 ~ [

~ C cj ) -J

iJ - Co

J fJ- U C c

U~i

CT

c-shyJ]

iTj

fj tJ

jJ tJ

~ jJ j -

]J shy 0 cr ~s ~ pound 9]

en L

J j ijJ J foJ -j fj (shy

rrjshy~n iJ

pS

-5~ii 0 OJ cc

J 0 f -J cn -j

enen(cJ C) i_j -j - Cl ~ r~ iS 0 ~

)

~

~1 Cl c C~lC-~ -~

0 -j

J I OJ J ~

-j u ~ ~ ~ ~ j - ru _i- -

-J fj -j j v G

(C

c

j

~~-~shy

J ] u - ]

- - - ~- j ] jj ~ D -j

8 E~ ~J ~ amp

- OJ -j -j 0 CD C

-j ~ 0 0 CO -J ]) ~ ]) -j

-shyj j ~ D -0

-i C1 CO0 0

--

~n fG N

C1 C co iD shy jj

R~~~13

r[j~ J - r

-J c ~J J 0 T Ij Ul

j j fj -ij ~~ ~ ~ C

--

CD IS

-ID S

f [1

j - ~ ~ shy- 0 OJ -i ] C 0 Ci j CJ

0 Cj [j - - en C h) -

D -j en - [) Ul jj

~ ~

C j fj~ - ) r c s

TABLE 21 GROSS VOLW1E TABLES FOR WHITE~JDDS TPE =D-H ~~

gt1ltgtfgtIjgtI++IyenyenyengtIlt+jyengtltjeKyen+gtIltyen+gtIltyengtf+gtIlt+gtIltyenyengtIlt+gt+++gtIgt1 3HIlPLE 1 T = (

10 FOOT TO 6D ItICHE TOP D IEI ~oTUrlF-)

EDLJATICItI1 = EHJ(D+gtIltEi1) (Hflc) IJHEPE

D=DIAMETER OUTSIDE BHPK AT 45 FEETH=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMEiER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

BOHRD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMAPY I I 1---------1---------1-----------1------ 1 1 1 1 I TI~NDAfnl I 3T(INDHPD I I Ltl I AIE 1 AGe I I I [ I DEllflTlorl I DEIIFiT10N I PIj I B I A 1 DE I DIFF- I BO 1 B 1 I B~ [ 1 (LN UN Ir~) 1 (PEfCEtTT) 1 I I (F[FCEtID I (PEfCENT) I I I I 1 --1 ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 1(5 1 2030 I 92I 1017 I 14634 I -- 1 16 I 9457E--041 17t7E+01 1 212U[+01 I 1 I ---------1---------1---------1-----------1-------- 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE IGHT I 10 1 1623 I 913 I 1011 I 11 mJ6 I 2016 I 6646E-[12 11 lIE+O 1 I 14[(E+-01 I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 1

H=Loe HEIGHT I 1 1 I I 1 I 131E+001 1511 E+01 1 143E+[11I I I 1---------1---------1-----------1 1 1 1 [

CUBIC FOOTVOLUMES--STHTISTICAL ~u rUli=1 P (

I u- I ]----- I I I 1 1 1 ]I 3TI4tIDHtD I TFitIDfiPD I I UI I flE I nGe I 1 1 I 1 D[vlf4T1011 I DEIlfiT10tl I Rijltyen2 I 81W I D[I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I I (LIT LIN1r) I ( P[t~C[ITT) I ] I (PEtCEIIT) I (P[PCEIH) I I I I 1 I I ( I I 1 1 1 1

H=TOTr1L HE IcHT ] 152 I 1643 ] 9133 I 1012 I 11551 I - 12 I 39121-03 I 109E +011 1502E +01 I I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1

H =r1EPCH HE 1GHT I 116 I 123 ] 990 ] 1007 ] 9 16 I 1746 1763E-021 1500E~J11 1074E+Ol1 I I I I I 1--- 1 1 1 [

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I I 1546E+[IO I 1[nJE+O1 I 1074E+0 1 I I I ] I I I ] ] 1 1

TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

- r~ Cj D CD In [c Cj Cj [r ~ Cj Cj -

c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

oJ ltj

C]D D ~~-

co fc Cj C In C]

J I

f

)f~ -

c Cj-

c Cj fr

~j

[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

~J CO (I flt - Cj-

L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

C]s CO Lt j ~

- C -

C] -

- ~

)-~ COD

C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

LL lt

LLi

shy

uJ

J

fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

- In fshy

- i--

cr fr

~ 7 s

=7

(j C c] e~

J - D In

ishy D j

1(1- u~ [r

- ~

I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

-

C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

fC deg]

-

I CO Q

~~gt-i~

C Cj Lt ~-- -

CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

is iJ Cj

- iJ co

CQ f

~ (T- c

cr co

CQ CQ

-co-

flt1 co

D D fshy f f= ~ ~s~

- - CJ-CQm r CO

U is)i-

- f COCO

CCshy fr shy crco

shyr

r U~ co f

u

eCi ltI

l5 =J D

D iD

S) in-

In1- ~ f)

CD co CD co OJ

J - co in co f

S) D cr -Jco co CO r shy

-0 CCm J fshy r- m fshy

coco

U ~ u

In lC U

J u

shyc iJ w ~

~

S)f~1

Q C]

co 0 CO co

In rJ cow

In co

- Cj cr S) co CO CD fshy co

~~ ~~ ~6 ~j gg

- -crCCshy co OJ co f r f

1 = CD co

-D mm

- D r~ CQ CO r

CTi -J ~ shy f- r- D

~ -

~

D ~ J U~ CT CO co

= co

f C co f- CD r-

D CD

co r-

Cj r-

I ill

f-W W LL

G) IS)

D G-f u f

- 0 cr- 0 r lL

D fshy

ill

U-i lCi I

J u

~ i D u

W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

-

--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

ill u fshy

-

CI jr

-D -)

J (j

c

---- shy --shy -- -shy

-ill

J C 1 --- J- CO DC ID - C1CC]CJ

co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

- T ~ ~-g

0 -0 03

W

B lJ~IV f-

Q LiJ D ~I -shy=rI CO UJ A

LLA DZ

I (FQf-WI

~2 ~lLi Ir

w c lLi -J OJ Ifshy

- f-W lLi LL

rshy~ ~

~ lLi

~ ~ fshyu f-

I ill A

~ QC]

Q I]

I CD

IS fshy

I~ D

f-J

Q In

CJ

Q 1

~ C~ pJ CJ p~

Q ~

3 Cltj

ISI C]

I~j

IS f~1

IS ISI

C]

- m

0

-J [-

CCj

e ID

C]

IS) In

i~

~

~

r~

Q CJ

e

co C]j ID r- s ~JFJ ~J f ~ rJ ~5 f~~ Cf g ~

~ ~

~ -

GJ ~ ~-s CO ISI In D

GI 1 J

- cr)

D CO

S)-

CP 1 CO r

~ U) - C)

D 3 LJf-

JD -lt

3 G In

[shy0

Ci C) J 9

~

r~ co co

f~1 CO

CO

U~ I -1 ~

r~

In 0)

-lt QCO CD

fshyr 11

f1 tn cc

r~ 7shy0) CO cb

pJ CD

LJ ~

- iel

co q c CO CO CO r- fshy

--OJ -

fshyill LJ

IS) i~

1[1 ~ In cc co rshy

en D C- CO m

J

OJ

0 = - GI rshy

fi fJ

-1 CJ

l1J r 3)

-~ In

In fshy

-1 Ci u

~

fshyn shy

r~1c CO [I

Cj -

LJ u ~ -shy

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Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

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TABLE 22 GROS~= VOLUilE TABLES FOR 1JHITElJOODS riPE D-H-GF

)IIII+IIjlt11(1lt S~itIPLE SIZE= 73 10 FOOT STUMP TO 60 INCHES TOP D IB

EOLIfHIOH ElO(DgtIE1) (H++E2) UF+E3) LJHERE

D =D IAItETER OUTS IDE BARK AT 45 FEET

H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBEROF LOGS--SEE BELCILJ--

GF=GIRARDS FORM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

BOARD FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL SU~1ARY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I STAtmARD 1 STAtlDARD I 1 Ltl I AvE I f4GG I I I I I I DEVIATION I DEVIATION I R)jjlt2 I BIA I DEv I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I 83 I I (LtI UtiITS) I (PERCHH) I I 1 (PEF~CEtH) 1 (PERCEtH) I I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT 1 122 I L~94 1 99~ 11007 I 89~5 1-1645 I 153BE-0712071E+Ol1 1571E+Ol 123B[IE+Ol 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 ( 1 1

H=flERCH HEIGHT 1 096 11007 I 995 110051 733t 1 974 11472E-0511835E+Oll1148E+Oll2043E+Ol1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

H =LOC HE IGHT 1 I I 1 1 I 13622E-U4IUB~1E+Ol1114BE+01I2[143E+Ol1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CUBIC FOOTVDLUMES--STATISTICAL SUMMARY I I ( 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( I STAI~DAFD I s rf~ (I D A f~D I 1 UI I AE I f~CG I I 1 1 I ( DElATIDtI ( DEv I AT I Ot1 I R2 I 8 I AS I DEl 1 DIFF I 80 ( 81 1 82 I B3 1 ( (U1 Uti Ir) ( ( PEFCEt1T) I I I (PEFCEtH) I (PEFTEIH) I ( I I 1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 113 I 1197 ( 991 I 1006 I 8086 1 -367 16777E-0611931E+Ol11094E+Oll1746E+Ol1 I I-- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

H=t1ERCH HE IGHT 1 [184 I t t 1 I 995 I 10[14 I 6543 I 11m I226E-04 I1725E+0 1Br5E+0[11L~iJE+01 I ( I 1 l ~I I l ( 1 ( (

H =LOG HE I GIn ( 1 1 ( I I 123L~E-(13I1725E+OIIfB75E+CJ[1I1420E+OI1 ( I 1 1 1 1 1 ( ( 1 1

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

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c Inshy

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Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

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C

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Q LLlC JLL

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rr

Cj

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co

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In

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CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

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El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

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CQ f

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cr co

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shyr

r U~ co f

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coco

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= co

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ill

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W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

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d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

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ill

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- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

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GFI~I~= E[rIPD FCiOT OLUIIETIIFI [ [ilIHE [=[111 1 FllOr =TIIIIF TO ~) IIICH TiiF I I II~I file 1(111lt)

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C~

~

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i cc j ~ ~ f~ ~ -

CIo j ---

ID OJ - en jj ) i

-J

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j fj C Co -

f fJ C1 f

f)-c) CO cr CJ G i~ j jf] r

-j s i ISgt -

- D IJ

T ~J 1 j 3=G

cr C Ul e~ en e Cl ~

j j v U u j -shy 110 11

C CJ Cj f j) T Cl ) -j

oS G 3nJ

C1 e1 CJ cr ~ - J

fJ ~) p foJ pound -j p

f) f]d rj J) T lgtJ0 -J

-j C i) j CJ ) cn Cj

S c ~n

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shy

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FF

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c

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n-

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0

0 -J - C c ~1 D ltgt

C 0 CO CO -~ J - 0 lt -j

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~j jj Cj fj f) OJ - 3) C hj

( C CJ C f)Cj 0 (S en

amp G )3 ~ [

~ C cj ) -J

iJ - Co

J fJ- U C c

U~i

CT

c-shyJ]

iTj

fj tJ

jJ tJ

~ jJ j -

]J shy 0 cr ~s ~ pound 9]

en L

J j ijJ J foJ -j fj (shy

rrjshy~n iJ

pS

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J 0 f -J cn -j

enen(cJ C) i_j -j - Cl ~ r~ iS 0 ~

)

~

~1 Cl c C~lC-~ -~

0 -j

J I OJ J ~

-j u ~ ~ ~ ~ j - ru _i- -

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(C

c

j

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J ] u - ]

- - - ~- j ] jj ~ D -j

8 E~ ~J ~ amp

- OJ -j -j 0 CD C

-j ~ 0 0 CO -J ]) ~ ]) -j

-shyj j ~ D -0

-i C1 CO0 0

--

~n fG N

C1 C co iD shy jj

R~~~13

r[j~ J - r

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j j fj -ij ~~ ~ ~ C

--

CD IS

-ID S

f [1

j - ~ ~ shy- 0 OJ -i ] C 0 Ci j CJ

0 Cj [j - - en C h) -

D -j en - [) Ul jj

~ ~

C j fj~ - ) r c s

TABLE 23 GPO~S OLUr1E HjBLES FOP LJHITElJiJOD~ TiPE=D-H

IIIIr1gt1lt+1 - r -1Pl E -] ~ EH - - ) ~shy 76 10 FOOTSTUMPTiJ 50 ]NCHES TOPD ]B

EOUAT ION ~DO (D+B 1) (Hgtf+B2)

lJHEPE D=D1RMETEP OUTSIDE BAPK AT 45 FEET H=HEIGHT IN FEET OR NUMBER OF LOGS--SEE BELOW--

-------------------------------------------------------------------

BOARD FOOT ViJLUMES--STAT1ST1CAL SU~~RRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I STANDAPD 1 STAtWARD I I U1 I AvE I l~jGG I I I ] I DElj(HION I DEiU~TIOH I F~Ilt+2 I B]n I DE I D]FF I 80 I Bl I B2 I I (LN UH ITS) 1 (PEPCEHT) 1 I ] (PEf~CEtH) ] (PEPCEHT) I ] I I I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ]

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I 217 I 2423 1 9fJO] 1024] 17212 ] -2071 ]9157E-0411i64E+Ol]2070E+0II 1 ] ] 1 1 ] 1 ] 1 1

H =~1EpCH Hf IGHT ] 173 ] 194 I 9t 11015 113476 I 1102 I306E--(2]1594E+OI115f10E+Dl1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 ] ] 1

H=LOG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 12540E+0011594E+Oll1580E+Ol1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]

CUBIC FOOT ViJLUMES--STATIST1CAL sunr1npy ] I ] ------ ] I 1 1 1 1 1 I STAHDARD ] ] f~E1 UI I 1 Hejr 1 ] 1 1STnHMRD I DEiIATIDH I ] R2 DEI B If~= ] I DIFF I BO I Bl 1 82 ]DEIATIOH I (UI UI11r3) ] ] (PEPCEtH)I I ] (1ERCEtH) I 1 I I(FEfCEtH) 1 1 ] 1 I 1 ] 1 ] 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT ] 136 1 ] 988 I 1009 I 106i5 I 436 15621E-0311EAiE+l111143E+Ol11459 ] 1 I 1 1-------shy 1 1 1 1 1

H=r1EpCH HE 1GHT 1 128 I ] 9i9 I 1008 1 1005i I 21i6 I7215E-02115pound12E+Ol110B2E+Ol]1369 ] I 1 ] - I 1 I I I ]

H=LOG HEIGHT I 1 1 I ] I I1450E+00]1502E+OIII0t2E+01I ] I ] I I ] 1 ] 1 1

TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

j - Cj ~

s CO

Cj C]- - Cj [C

r Cj - fc f~ - Cj r~ 7 -

s ljJ

- r~ Cj D CD In [c Cj Cj [r ~ Cj Cj -

c Inshy

~ C]fc (] D cr cr- e~ ej - ~j ~

oJ ltj

C]D D ~~-

co fc Cj C In C]

J I

f

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c Cj-

c Cj fr

~j

[C

Cj cr ~ T rn Cj- Cj

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L CO ishy fc CO - ~ Cj [c ]

e~Z=~shy

f- ] f- eft e~ Cj ~--

C]s CO Lt j ~

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C] -

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C

1D5 WLLl QQf-

Q LLlC JLL

sectrL iL (J ~

LL lt

LLi

shy

uJ

J

fshyc-

D -

CT

rr

Cj

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cr fr

~ 7 s

=7

(j C c] e~

J - D In

ishy D j

1(1- u~ [r

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I

co

Qf-LLl~ WL =~= LLl

-

In

-j- Cj

-

C (I

j j

CO

LLi J co

c

~ D f~

fC deg]

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I CO Q

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C Cj Lt ~-- -

CO C Cj1 -- - ~jCj C)Cj ~~ ~~ i~~ J ~~

-- - - c r + -T

shy t

~~~~shy

~ ~ ~~ ~~ --W --

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

is iJ Cj

- iJ co

CQ f

~ (T- c

cr co

CQ CQ

-co-

flt1 co

D D fshy f f= ~ ~s~

- - CJ-CQm r CO

U is)i-

- f COCO

CCshy fr shy crco

shyr

r U~ co f

u

eCi ltI

l5 =J D

D iD

S) in-

In1- ~ f)

CD co CD co OJ

J - co in co f

S) D cr -Jco co CO r shy

-0 CCm J fshy r- m fshy

coco

U ~ u

In lC U

J u

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S)f~1

Q C]

co 0 CO co

In rJ cow

In co

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~~ ~~ ~6 ~j gg

- -crCCshy co OJ co f r f

1 = CD co

-D mm

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CTi -J ~ shy f- r- D

~ -

~

D ~ J U~ CT CO co

= co

f C co f- CD r-

D CD

co r-

Cj r-

I ill

f-W W LL

G) IS)

D G-f u f

- 0 cr- 0 r lL

D fshy

ill

U-i lCi I

J u

~ i D u

W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

-

--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

LJ J

ill u fshy

-

CI jr

-D -)

J (j

c

---- shy --shy -- -shy

-ill

J C 1 --- J- CO DC ID - C1CC]CJ

co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

0 U~ U~ U~ U~ COS) U~i 0

h

- T ~ ~-g

0 -0 03

W

B lJ~IV f-

Q LiJ D ~I -shy=rI CO UJ A

LLA DZ

I (FQf-WI

~2 ~lLi Ir

w c lLi -J OJ Ifshy

- f-W lLi LL

rshy~ ~

~ lLi

~ ~ fshyu f-

I ill A

~ QC]

Q I]

I CD

IS fshy

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f-J

Q In

CJ

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ISI C]

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IS f~1

IS ISI

C]

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0

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e ID

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e

co C]j ID r- s ~JFJ ~J f ~ rJ ~5 f~~ Cf g ~

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GI 1 J

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D CO

S)-

CP 1 CO r

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D 3 LJf-

JD -lt

3 G In

[shy0

Ci C) J 9

~

r~ co co

f~1 CO

CO

U~ I -1 ~

r~

In 0)

-lt QCO CD

fshyr 11

f1 tn cc

r~ 7shy0) CO cb

pJ CD

LJ ~

- iel

co q c CO CO CO r- fshy

--OJ -

fshyill LJ

IS) i~

1[1 ~ In cc co rshy

en D C- CO m

J

OJ

0 = - GI rshy

fi fJ

-1 CJ

l1J r 3)

-~ In

In fshy

-1 Ci u

~

fshyn shy

r~1c CO [I

Cj -

LJ u ~ -shy

5 cIn

S) m

fshy

rshy

CT

D In 0 In fshy 1)

-

co - is) ~

ill D iD -1 CO Jshyf- D

r~

C) fj

~

--~-shyr OJ

C J) n i= C 7 1) - -j C Cj

g

-CO

f~1 OJ

CO

f-CD

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lr) r~1 fshy -

In f

CO Ii)

pJ CO

en rshy

[-- mCD -

C

c C (j ID co 13)f~ ~ f ~ ~~G~A~ U~DCj f~i r~1 f~ i~

- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

c

csshyOJ C

D Cj S~[~~2

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~-

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- - -

m j) j) co D CCIF - - ( Cj ~H~~f ~ ~

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G ~~L~f~ g~ ~ f) ~-f ~~~ ~--- J [j

D - co rS)J -C] r~ r~ ~ 1

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D

c jC cn ~ 1

C CJ Dc s j~~~~j

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- =

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cr

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c

~ ui ~ T

C 1) ] Jr CC

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C n i~ j n c r C J j Uc J Cj Cj ~ ~

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D iwi

~ W

C -1UCIS) ~ r~ 1 If) r c= Z9fDJ ~~~~~ 4f~~~

i lic

~ g~ f~ ~ 1 ~~~ 1 ~ [) ~ ~ ) - ~ ~n i gnJ~-pJ CJ CJ ) [5 [2 ~ ~ ~

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co

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1- - rr Jc CJ r) 1 Uc j)

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=~~ ~ i~~ i

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CCj r lic D] [1 co c Ct

CJ C CJ

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t D co J CJ CJ CJ

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wc

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co

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c - c f-shyw

i LI J C

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ifshyi

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co u J C-j-J f~ 1 ui

1 C 1) In - CJ C r~

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C1 D c ~ J r OJ 1] -11uc cr UC -j) [ cco Cr

r ue UC lic in - In r co

T 1 shy co D ~~ J) r C

J J) ) IDshypj J lii r

D co shy 1 C ) J i --

in lic D co - wi cr J Cj CJ

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JC c 1 T = Cj- CCj

c)

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shy

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= =

~ -

1)- 1)- JCj~

-j gt i~ ec IJ)

Cj f - 8 Z C

T D ~ C T

~

C

-- - D

cr ~ Cj --Cj C C] CO Lc r ~ t

CJ c Uc wc D~= ~~ 3 j ~ ~

- ~shy~---shywc JC D

LL

U I j ltS ~ ----

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() c = LJ ~

ccshyJ

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c

j~

s C

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1 in rcn-

CJ 1 1 U

C ~ ~ D - Cj CJ r~

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D CJC ~ c D r

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TI~EIE Ceo FEDtjCiOn

GFI~I~= E[rIPD FCiOT OLUIIETIIFI [ [ilIHE [=[111 1 FllOr =TIIIIF TO ~) IIICH TiiF I I II~I file 1(111lt)

lJDH TOHiL H[ IGlnlFEETJ ~C1I11ICIIF3) 30 40 [1 60 70 80 gO 100 llC1 10 131] 14C) 150 16U 170 10 130 110

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r14 (oo 17 J )3 111 9 IDD 14 1401 177 07 23] 273 I] 3lri 3( 4 Ii 1 ) Ie 00lt 7Co e 16 11 23 57 deg 103 1 1 162 196 --- 271 313 -- 404 454 iOI itiO tj]7 li76

-71= 14 9 ) IDlj 131 lC 2CC 49 J -41 3I 4)1 51 371 (t 711 J

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I c24 -1 1- B6 129 1jB 235 )9 3C 445 j2F 617 12 813 19 lrI3 11iO 174 11VI 1531 76 21 11 1[1 151 210 - 1 131 53 61 (J C3 136 111131 1214 1353 I48 lC50 1809

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3f - 117 ISJ6 293 lor53) 67 =38 1012 1200 14CJ2 161 It)W U91 2346 ~Gl~) 23=J 3191 11 C) - 70)

) 63 131 219 43 597 -0 S35 I1d9 1339 1565 1131]6 2U62 2333 2618 2918 3232 3560 3902

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7~iI) 111 -c =0 111 1[Ill] 1 1 1131 1~JC~I 05 72 119 ~5~j~ 4111i ~IC~ 111 11 CII -

- - C - n -

--

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-

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[shyshy

shyn--

shy-C

shy-shy

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ni CJ - ~ c~ ~ fshy n shy -

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D n -- - =

shy shyshy ~ cJ gt ~ n Ln J~ -D fshy ishy

c~ tU

w J - -~

C fJ i j) - -+

D shy

fJ CO J) D U~ shy

shyshy

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J =

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nshy

J-- -1 - - c c J fj ~j CJ ~ 7 T U u) C -

u J n T

shyc- f shy - CJ u~ -- ~ - CC CJ

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shy ~shy Cr c - ~ ~ ~~j ~i

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co ~ - 1 C CJ - ~ i 1

i

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CJ ~1 ~ t- C 0 -~~~-

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-4

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[iPCI~CLIFIC I-[lOT lOLUIn rnHIE~LUME rROM 1 FOOT STIJMP TO 5 INCH TOP ( 11131Dr uriiIlt)

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TABLE 24 GROSS VOLUME l~BLES FOR WHITEWOODS TYPE=D--H-GF I+lt++ltgtIltjlt+gt[ltyenyjltjltjlt++gth+lt+Y+gt[ltgtIltgtIltjlt 3AIIPI_E~I ZE = 76

10 FDOT STUMP TO 50 IHCHES TDP DlB

EQUAT10H V = B0(D+~Bl) (HB2) (GFB31 I-JHERE

D=DIFjllETER OUT]DEBARIlt AT 45FEET H=HE1GHT IH FEET OR HUMBER OF LDGS--SEE BELOtj--

GF=G1RARDS FDRM CLASS (SEE TEXT)

EOAPDFOOT VOLUMES--Sl~TISTICAL SUtlr1f1R

I I I-n_-- I 1 1 1 1 1I --- - -- -- -- -- - -- I

I STAHDAFD ] 3T(11IDf1FD I I LH I HE I HGG I 1 ] I I ] DEIiHI Ot-j I DE1ATIClH I RKK I DIAS I I DIFF I 80 I 81 I 82 I D3 IDE

I (LHUIJ1E11 ( PERCEIIT) I I I (PEFCEIIT) I (PEPCEln) I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTilL HE nHT I IS I U95 I 990 I 1012 I 11795 1-2553 11536E-0712232E+Oll1407E+Oll2450E+Ol1 ] I I 1 1 I 1 [ 1 1 1

H=tlERCH HEIIHT ] 118 I 12 I 994 I 1007 I 3793 I 022 I 6724E-06 1197 lE+O 1 I 115E+01 I 21D[lE+O1 I I I I I------ n- - I I 1 1 1 1 ]

H=LDG HEIGHT I I 1 I I I 11 7021-m[l41 IS17lE+I2J1 I 1153E+[I1I lElfJE+ll11 I I I I I 1----- 1 1 1 ] 1

CUBIC FOOT VOLUMES--STATISTICAL rUIII1AP( 1 1 1----- I I I ] 1 1 1 1 I 3TAlmARD I TAI1D(1RD I I U1 I AE I rIGC I [ I I ] I DEv]AT1CiI1 1 DEv I iITl DH I PjK I BIA I DF I II IFF I BD [ E1 I E I En I 1 (Ui UI11T3) I ( PEFCFIIT) I I I (PErCIIIT) ] (PEPCEI1T) I I I I I 1 ] ] I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=TOTAL HEIGHT I [If] ] 104 I 994 I 1005 I ( 54 I 21 I 269CIE-05 I 1374E+0 I] IIJC6E +[11 I 1[11)[+0I] 1 1------- I ] I I 1 1 1 1 1

Hc~tIEF~CH HE 1GHT ] 0 I 1[1 11 I 994 I 1005 I 7536 I 1608 1251 L3E --[14 I 1755E+1211 I 79EIEtOCi I 141 m-t-O1 I 1 1----- I I I I 1 1 1 1 1

H=LOG HEICHT I I I I I I 12303E-03 [ 1755E+Ol] 79=)6E+00 11110[+01 I 1 1----- I I I 1--- 1 1 1 1 1

- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

oJ C Cj

Cj ~ clt

c cr ~

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Cj C]- - Cj [C

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rr

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shy t

~~~~shy

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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

100 110 121J 131J 140 150 160 lD 1130 190 200

I E1 I 12 I I I I 11 I

61 53 j 1

70 j 71 61

71 6E 63 -- b

76 7-I e

D 69

7i 7lt= _

( ) Ie

70 -I e CJIJ

92 71

77 DO 4 19 DO

1t I ~E1 I 2 I 24 I 6 I

61

I e

69

60

6E ID

7D 65 7lt

7j

ID

711

74 71

7 (

71

()

70

7

- 14

4 - 7-Ie

75 7lt= 7-

74 2

76

n -ncI -I

74

74

BO 75

78

76

ti1 eI

31

Fi1

SI

1

DO

es

)2

3 I SII I 3 I ~4 I 31 I

B2

C7

1

( j 70 - 63

70

6

69

2

7-rc 7e

TO -7( 1

7lt=11 0 73

71

76

7 7j

2

72

(

77 76

75

il]

74 3 7

76

7j

J1

7 77 7i

I

133 ro

79

(I 19

33 90 [34

71

79

~f I 40 I 12 I j4 I 46 I

74 6

69

71 (

(4

74 76 ltl9 71

14

66

b(

(

74 ID 4 14

7ltl Ell - e0 14

[3~i

7-1

( (

E3

7~1

(b

71

(

7B 0

2

(10

74 t4 ((

70--

4 I ~JiJ I i2 I 54 I ~6 I

59

60

-re

66

76 7i

6t

-OC

El6

70

(4

~s I

60 I 6B

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

---------------------------------------------------------

WI to- 4 j c

12 I 1 ) 2shy 14 I j 2 7 4 2-

16 I 3 4 9 4 2

13 I 3 9 8 13 5 20 I 0= 1) 16 11 8 - shyc2 I 1 6 B 3 1- 4 c 24 I 4 6 7 6 l 4 1 2lt 26 I 1 Co 4 5 3 2 ltc

2] I =~ -2 2 4 C)shy j

~CI I 2 6 ~ j

32 I 2 ~ J c ~3 4

~4 I - 2 10 I 2 -c

=I m I 4 42 I 2 1 kl T 2 46 [

4E [ 0 I ~2 I 54 [ 56 I

5 I 61] I

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CQ f

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cr co

CQ CQ

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flt1 co

D D fshy f f= ~ ~s~

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CCshy fr shy crco

shyr

r U~ co f

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CD co CD co OJ

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coco

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1 = CD co

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= co

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ill

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W iJ I L Jgt lt1

fshy-shyiJ

W I

ltI f-D fshy

= cr

co

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--

fC U~ COCO

d ~~~ 2

C] CO

e-CI

g~

co f r

c In

J1 - _Li I

ill

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---- shy --shy -- -shy

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co D -j D C] r~ rc ~ ~I (~~~4q CO DC] 7 D

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co q c CO CO CO r- fshy

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en D C- CO m

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fi fJ

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l1J r 3)

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fshyn shy

r~1c CO [I

Cj -

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fshy

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CT

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co - is) ~

ill D iD -1 CO Jshyf- D

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C J) n i= C 7 1) - -j C Cj

g

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- 28 -

Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

c

csshyOJ C

D Cj S~[~~2

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C n i~ j n c r C J j Uc J Cj Cj ~ ~

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C -1UCIS) ~ r~ 1 If) r c= Z9fDJ ~~~~~ 4f~~~

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Cj f - 8 Z C

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- 27 -

Appendix ~Distributions of Sample Trees

I Numbers by height and diameter class by species

II Average form class by height and diameter class byspecies

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TrIELE EQ AVERAGE FORM CLASS BY DBH AND HEIGHT CLASS FOR RED~JOD

I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

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Appendix f

Tree Volume Tables

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I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

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Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

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I DEHI

I I 10 20 30 40 50 60

---------------------------

TOTAL HEIGHT

9]70 BO

(FEET)

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Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

I I 10 20 30 D ~)O 60 70 un 90 100 11FJ 12E1 13E1 140 150 160 170 1BE1 190 2EiE1

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Tf~BLE B~ NUMBERS OF SAMPLE TREES BY TOTAL HEIGHT AND DBH FOR DOUGLAS FIR

I DBH I TOTAL HEIGHT (FEET)

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Appendix f

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