Studies of Occidental Constellations and Star Names to the Classical Period: An Annotated BibliographyCompiled by Gary D. ThompsonCopyright 2001-2014 by Gary D. Thompsonhttp://members.westnet.com.au/gary-david-thompson/page4.html

EgyptianBooks/Pamphlets:Antoniadi. Eugne. (1934; Reprinted 2003). L'Astronomie Egyptienne. [Note: Based on (late) Greek texts and somewhat unreliable, especially regarding the identification of Egyptian constellations. An English-language translation by (Sir) Patrick Moore (his full name is Alfred Patrick Caldwell-Moore) remains unpublished. See the Correspondence in The Observatory "Egyptian Astronomy" comprising a letter by Eugne Antoniadi (Volume 63, 1940, Pages 13-14), and a reply by Herbert Chatley (Volume 63, 1940, Pages 14-15). See the (English-language) biographical entry by Giorgio Abetti in Dictionary of Scientific Biography, edited by Charles Gillispie, Volume 1, Page 17; and the "Historical Note" by Reginald Marriott in Journal of the British Astronomical Association, Volume 101, Number 3, June, 1991, Page 195. Life dates: 1870-1944.]Belmonte Avils, Juan. (2003). "The Ramesside star clocks and the ancient Egyptian constellations." In: Blomberg, Mary., Blomberg, Peter., and Henriksson, Gran. (Editors). Calendars, Symbols, and Orientations: Legacies of Astronomy in Culture. (Pages 57-65). [Note: Proceedings of the 9th annual meeting of the European Society for Astronomy in Culture (SEAC), Stockholm, 27-30 August 2001. The author is a Spanish astronomer at the Instituto de Astrofsica de Canarias. He is currently (2004) engaged in a long-term archaeoastronomy project in Egypt in collaboration with Egyptian scholars. The author chooses to write his name as either Juan Antonio Belmonte or Juan Antonio Belmonte Avils. In Spain naming conventions are quite different to those in non-Spanish-speaking countries. A Spanish name typically consists of four parts: a first given name, a second given name, the father's surname, and the mother's surname. (It is due to Arabic influence that a Spanish person typically has two surnames (i.e., two family names).) The first surname, which is the father's surname (i.e., family name), gained from his father, is primary; and the second surname, which is the mother's surname (i.e., family name), gained from her father, is subordinate. (Thus the two surnames are formed by the first part of the father's surname and the first part of the mother's surname.) Spanish names are therefore indexed by the father's surname. The author chooses to variously use Belmonte (one surname) and Belmonte Avils (two surnames).]Belmonte Avils, Juan. (2003). "A Celestial Map of the Ancient Egyptian Firmament." In: BAR International Series. (1154, Pages 31-36). [Note: Paper presented at the European Association of Archaeologists eighth annual meeting, in Thessaloniki, 2002. BAR = British Archaeological Reports. Attempts a reconstruction of the Egyptian constellations and their locations in the sky.]Belmonte, Juan. and Shaltout, Mosalam. (2007). "The Astronomical Ceiling of Senenmut: a Dream of Mystery and Imagination." In: Zedda, Mauro. and Belmonte, Juan. (Editors). Lights and Shadows in Cultural Astronomy. (Pages 145-154). [Notes: Proceedings of the SEAC 2005, Isili, Sardinia, 28 June to 3 July. SEAC = European Society for Astronomy in Culture. The authors critique and reject the ideas of Ove von Spaneth and also Christian Leitz that the ceiling depicts an astronomical scenario that can be precisely dated.]Belmonte, Juan. and Shaltout, Mosalam. (2009, Reprinted 2010). (Editors). In Search of Cosmic Order: Selected Essays on Egyptian Archaeoastronomy. [Note: A collection of studies by specialists in Egyptology and astronomy. Among the subjects examined are the constellations of ancient Egypt, the Egyptian calendar, and landscape and symbolism, especially how they relate to the orientation of temples and royal tombs. Juan Antonio Belmonte is project coordinator of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain. Mosalam Shaltout is professor of solar physics at the National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Helwan, Egypt.]Bradshaw, Joseph. (1990). The Imperishable Stars of the Northern Sky in the Pyramid Texts. [Note: The 38-page pamphlet was privately printed and published by the author. See the (English-language) book review by J[?]. Griffiths in The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Volume 80, 1994, Pages 231-232.]Bradshaw, Joseph. (1997). The Night Sky in Egyptian Mythology. [Note: The 182-page book was privately printed and published by the author. The author holds that the Egyptians believed the circumpolar region of the sky (holding stars that never disappeared from the sky) was the holiest region of the heavens. See the (English-language) book review by Vincent Tobin in Bibliotheca Orientalis, Volume 55, 1998, Pages 400-404.]Brugsch, Heinrich. (1883; republished 1968). Thesaurus Inscriptionum Aegyptiacarum. (Volume 1). [Note: The volume basically deals with astronomical inscriptions and iconography. The author was a pioneer of the discipline of Egyptology and the leading 19th-century German Egyptologist. Life dates: 1827-1894. Volume 2 of "Thesaurus Inscriptionum Aegyptiacarum" was published in 1891 (and republished in 1968) and deals with calendars.]Brugsch, Heinrich. (1978). Astronomical and Astrological Inscriptions on Ancient Egyptian Monuments. [Note: The book is a translation by George Chamberlain of "Thesaurus Inscriptionum Aegyptiacarum," (Volume 1, 1883), by Heinrich Brugsch. The translation was originally published as a series of 18 articles (from April 1978 through January 1980) in the monthly journal the Griffith Observer (published by the Griffith Observatory). As the title indicates the book does not deal with issues of astronomical alignments in monumental architecture. Volume 2 of "Thesaurus Inscriptionum Aegyptiacarum" deals with calendars (and has never been translated into English).]Buchwald, Jed. and Josefowicz, Diane. (2010). The Zodiac of Paris. [Note: Principally deals with the Dendera zodiac, and the early controversy it provoked regarding dating. Jed Buchwald (2010) is the Doris and Henry Dreyfuss Professor of History at the California Institute of Technology. Diane Josefowicz (2010) teaches in the writing program at Boston University.]Budge, Ernest. (1904, Reprinted 1969). The Gods of the Egyptians. (2 Volumes). [Note: Unreliable regarding the identification of Egyptian decans. Ernest Budge was a leading Egyptologist and Keeper of the Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities in the British Museum. Life dates: 1857-1934.]Campion, Nicholas. (2008). The Dawn of Astrology: A Cultural history of Western Astrology. Volume 1: The Ancient and Classical Worlds. [Note: See: 7. The Stars and the Soul. Pages 99-108.]Cauville, Sylvie. (1997). Le zodiaque d'Osiris. [Note: The author is a noted French Egyptologist. In this 81-page booklet (published in Belgium) the author is mainly concerned with the constellations as shown in the Denderah zodiac and gives a popular explanatory overview of the Denderah zodiac. She also briefly discusses how these constellations were represented over various periods.]Clagett, Marshall. (1995). Ancient Egyptian Science. Volume II. Calendars, Clocks, and Astronomy. [Note: See the (English-language) book reviews by James Allen in Isis, Volume 87, Number 2, June, 1996, Pages 343-344; by Anthony Spalinger in Bibliotheca Orientalis, Volume 54, 1997, Pages 677-684; and by Leo Depuydt in Journal of the American Oriental Society, Volume 118, Number 1, January-March, 1998, Pages 75-76. See the obituary by John Murdoch in Aestimatio, Volume 3, 2006, 18 December, Pages 14-18. Life dates: 1916-2005.]Daressy, Georges. (1915). "L'Egypte Cleste." (Bulletin de L'Institut franais d'archologie orientale du Caire, numro 12, Pages 1-34). [Note: A discussion of late Egyptian celestial geography. For a short English-language discussion of the article see "Egyptian Astronomy and the Zodiac," by Joseph Clifford (Nature, Volume XCVIII, September 1916 to February 1917, Number 2445, September 7, Pages 7-8).]Depuydt, Leo. (2010). "Ancient Egyptian star tables: A reinterpretation of their fundamental structure." In: Imhausen, Annette. and Pommerening, Tanja. (Editors). Writings of Early Scholars in the Ancient Near East, Egypt, Rome, and Greece. (Pages 241-276). Gadre, Karine. (2008). Conception d'un modle de visibilit d'toile l'oeil nu. Application l'identification des dcans gyptiens. [Note: Lengthy unpublished doctorial thesis. Deals with the modern identification of the Egyptian decans.]Gensler, Friedrich. (1872). Die Thebanischen Tafeln Stndlicher Sternaufgnge. [Note: Approximately 100 pages.]Giedion, Sigfried. (1964; Reprinted 1981). The Eternal Present: The Beginnings of Architecture. [Note: Includes a brief discussion of Egyptian constellations and astral concepts. See the (English-language) book review by Andr Leroi-Gourhan in American Anthropologist, Volume 65, 1963, Pages 1180-1181.]Gillispie, Charles. and Dewachter, Michel. (1987). (Editors). The Monuments of Egypt: The Napoleonic Edition. [Note: Contains many illustrations (made during the period of Napoleon's Egyptian expedition) of astronomical ceilings involving constellations, stars, and late zodiacs.]Gundel, Wilhelm. (1936; Reprinted 1969). Dekane und Dekansternbilder ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Sternbilder der Kulturvlker. [Note: Largely concerned with late astrological texts. See the (German-language) book review by Willy Hartner in Isis, Volume XXVII, Number 2, August, 1937, Pages 344-348; and the (English-language) book reviews by D. W. T. in Nature, Volume 140, October 23, 1937, Pages 701-702; and by John Griffiths in The Classical Review, New Series, Volume 21, Number 2, June, 1971, Pages 306-307.]Hawass, Zari. (2006). The Royal Tombs of Egypt. [Note: Contains an excellent chapter, with superb colour photographs, on the astronomical ceilings and walls of Seti I, etc. The author is a prominent Egyptian archaeologist.]Kelley, David. and Milone, Gene. (2005). Exploring Ancient Skies: An Encyclopedic Survey of Archaeoastronomy. [Note: See the sections "The Calendars," Pages 263-267; and "Egyptian Asterisms," Pages 269-271. A problem with the book in general is its reliance on secondary sources. At times the sources used are unreliable and as a result numerous topics covered lack reliability.]Krauss, Rolf. (1997). Astronomische Konzepte und Jenseitsvorstellungen in den Pyramidentexten. [Note: See the (English-language) book review by Kurt Locher in Journal for the History of Astronomy, Volume 30, 1999, Pages 75-76.]Krupp, Ed. (1977; 1984). "Astronomers, Pyramids, and Priests." In: Krupp, Ed. (Editor). In Search of Ancient Astronomies. (Pages 203-239 (1977 edition); Pages 186-218 (1984 edition)). [Note: The paper is Chapter 5.]Leitz, Christian. (1991). Studien zur gyptischen Astronomie. [Note: An attempt to rebut Otto Neugebauer's remarks concerning the absence of a scientific astronomy in Egypt. See the critical (English-language) book review by Anthony Spalinger in Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, Siebenundachtzigster Jahrgang, Number 1, Columns 23-26.]Leitz, Christian. (1995). Altgyptische Sternuhren. [Note: The author is a PhD. A rather controversial (eccentric) study of Egyptian decans/constellations. Contains 4 folded star charts. See the (German-language) book review by Jrgen von Beckerath in Orientalia, Volume 66, 1997, Pages 99-102; and the (English-language) book review by Leo Depuydt in Bibliotheca Orientalis, Volume 55, 1998, Pages 5-44.]von Lieven, Alexandra. (2000). Der Himmel ber Esna. Eine Fallstudie zur Religisen Astronomie in gypten am Beispiel der kosmologischen Decken- und Architravinschriften im Tempel von Esna. [Note: The book is a study of later Egyptian cosmology and religious astronomy based on an examination of the hieroglyphs and artworks of the Roman-Egyptian temple of Esna. The author is an Egyptologist.]von Lieven, Alexandra. (2007). Grundis des Laufes der Sterne. [Note: The book contains a complete re-edition and translation and study of the "Book of Nut" (the more accurate Egyptian title is "Fundamentals of the Course of the Stars"). The focus is on the hitherto neglected religious aspects of the text. The standard edition appeared in Egyptian Astronomical Texts, Volume 1. by Otto Neugebauer and Richard Parker (1960).]von Lieven, Alexandra. (2010). "Translating the Fundamentals of the Course of the Stars." In: Imhausen, Annette. and Pommerening, Tanja. (Editors). Writings of Early Scholars in the Ancient Near East, Egypt, and Greece. (Pages 139-151). [Note: Excellent discussion/examination. Focuses on a Demotic translation and commentary of the first 2 chapters of the Egyptian astronomical text, the Book of Nut. The book is a proceedings volume for a symposium of the same name. The author (PhD) is Privatdozentin for Egyptology, Free University Berlin. She studied Egyptology and Comparative Religious Studies as well as Ancient Near Eastern Studies and Archaeology, Classical Archaeology and Indology in Tbingen. Life dates: 1974- .]von Lieven, Alexandra (2012). "Astronomical ceilings, Egypt." In: Bagnall, Roger. et. al. (Editors). The Encyclopedia of Ancient History. [Note: A multi-volume work. The article is likely in Volume 1.]Locher, Kurt. (1992-1993). "New arguments for the celestial location of the decanal belt and for the origin of the s3h-hieroglyph." In: Congresso internazionale di egittologia. (Editor). Atti di sesto congresso internazionale di egittologia. (2 Volumes). [Note: See Volume 2, pages 279-284.]Locher, Kurt. (2003). "The Archetypal Symbolism of the Most Ancient Constellations: A Comparison Egypt/China." In: BAR International Series. (1154, Pages 3-6). [Note: Paper presented at the European Association of Archaeologists eighth annual meeting, in Thessaloniki, 2002. BAR = British Archaeological Reports. The author has published numerous quality papers on the identification of Egyptian constellations.]Locher, Kurt. (2003). "The Decans of Ancient Egypt: Timekeepers for Worship, or Worshiped Beyond Time." In: Fountain, John. and Sinclair, Rolf. (Editors). Current Studies in Archaeoastronomy: Conversations Across Time and Space. (Pages 429-434). [Note: Selected papers from the 5th Oxford international conference on archaeoastronomy held at Santa Fe in 1996.]Lockyer, Joseph. (1894; Reprinted 1964). The Dawn of Astronomy. [Note: Unreliable. See the (English-language) book reviews by M. W. H. in Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Volume VI, Number 35, March 31, 1894, Pages 126-132 (Reproduced from the New York Sun, March 11, 1894); by Robert Brown Junior, in The Academy, March 31, 1894, Number 1143, Pages 271-272; and by Allen Marquand in American Journal of Archaeology and of the History of the Fine Arts, Volume 9, Number 1, January-March, 1894, Pages 68-70. See also the "Preface to this Edition" by Giorgio de Santillana in the 1964 reprint, pages vii-ix. Life dates: 1836-1920.]Lull, Jos. (2004). La Astronoma del Antiguo Egipto. [Note: Excellent Spanish-language book on Egyptian astronomy. See the (English-language) book review by Juan Belmonte in Journal for the History of Astronomy, Volume 37, Part 3, August, 2006, Number 128, Pages 356-359.]Lull, Jos. and Belmonte, Antonio. (2009). "The constellations of ancient Egypt." In: Belmonte, Juan. and Shaltout, Mosalam. (Editors). In Search of Cosmic Order: Selected Essays on Egyptian Archaeoastronomy. (Pages 155-194). [Note: Includes a table setting out the likely identification of of the Egyptian constellations. An extensive set of references is listed at the end of the article.]Maravelia, Amanda-Alice. (2003). "Illumination of the Sacrarium in the Great Temple at Abu Simbel, its Astronomical Explanation, and some Hints on the Possible Stellar Orientation of the Small Temple." In: BAR International Series. (1154, Pages 7-29). [Note: Paper presented at the European Association of Archaeologists eighth annual meeting, in Thessaloniki, 2002. BAR = British Archaeological Reports. The author is an Egyptologist and Independent Scholar, and has published some six papers on aspects of Egyptian astronomy. Graduated from the University of Thessaloniki, Hellas, in 1988 with a BSc in Physics.]Maravelia, Amanda-Alice. (2004). Les Astres dans les Textes Religieux en gypte Antique et dans les Hymnes Orphiques. [The Celestial Bodies in the Religious Texts of ancient Egypt and in the Hellenic Orphic Hymns.] [Note: PhD thesis, present at the University of Limoges, Centre des Recherches en Sciences de l'Antiquit. Examines the development of astronomical thought in Egypt and Greece. Published in 2006 by BAR = British Archaeological Reports. Volume 1527 of the BAR International Series. (Based on author's (2nd) PhD.) Maravelia obtained her first PhD in Astronomy from the University of Athens, Department of Physics, Section of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Hellas, in 1997, specializing in Extragalactic Astrophysics, given unanimously the highest possible grade ( arista ). She was unanimously given the highest possible grade ( trs honorable et avec flicitations) for her 2nd PhD. Abstract: "This work examines the evolution of astronomical thought, as well as the various astronomical and cosmovisional ideas in pharaonic Egypt (c. 2800 -1200 BCE), after the most important religious texts (primarily Pyramid Texts and Cofn Texts, and secondarily Book of the Dead). More specically, the author examines the astronomical conceptions of the ancient Egyptians concerning the stars, the Sun, the Moon and the Planets, as they are revealed in these funerary texts; a statistical analysis and a global comparative study of the corpora of PT and CT are presented here for the rst time. The textual study of the Orphic Hymns and the funerary texts of the Egyptians is conducted within the interdisciplinary framework of both Egyptology and Archoastronomy. The contents of this volume include: Chapter I, develops the theme and the scope of study, and the methodology, and the tools used to analyze the textual material in our comparative study. Chapter II is intended to be viewed as a concise introduction to the modern concepts of Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology. Chapter III is the nucleus of the study, where conceptions of ancient Egyptians in relation to the celestial bodies as they are revealed in their funerary texts are examined. Chapter IV is dedicated to the Hellenic Orphic Hymns, the textual archoastronomical dating of their astronomical and cosmovisional notions from c. 1300 BCE (an era coinciding with the NK, viz the early Ramesside period), and the study of the astronomical conceptions that the Orphics had about the celestial bodies (stars, Sun, Moon and Planets). Chapter V is a concise comparative study between the ancient Egyptian and the modern astronomical ideas on the celestial bodies. Chapter VI is the focal point of convergence of the main conclusions and ideas of the work, with a review of the conclusions. The work ends with a series of Tables and the Indexes, presenting readers with a review of various modern and ancient astronomical conceptions, as well as with egyptological notions dealt with in the study (classied and categorized in appropriate sections). Written in French with extensive summaries in French, English, Greek and German." In French, with summaries in English, Greek and German. See the (English-language) book review by Juan Antonio Belmonte in Archaeoastronomy: The Journal of Astronomy in Culture, Volume 21, 2007-2008, Page ?-?). See also the (English-language?) book review by the Egyptologist Tracey Musacchio in Antiguo Oriente (circa 2007).]Murdock, D. and S, Acharya. (2009). Christ in Egypt: The Horus-Jesus Connection. [Note: Acharya S is a pen name for D. M. Murdock and she recycles old (19th-century and early 20th-century freethought) myth-theory material of Christian origins. In this book she has a small section discussing the Dendera zodiac and uses long outdated references/sources to claim it likely dates to circa 10,000 BCE (and that Egyptian astronomy was likely this old). Acharya S aka D. M. Murdock is completely unreliable and seems incapable (or unwilling) to engage in a scholarly approach. In all her books (most self published) she uses mostly only outdated and unreliable references/sources and seems to be having a joke at the expense of her readers. Her attempts to defend her claims/sources is equally outrageous and seems intent on extending the joke. The author can not distinguish the American freemason Robert Hewitt Brown, author of "Stellar Theology and Masonic Astronomy" (1882), from the English solicitor Robert Brown Junior, author of "Researches into the Origin of the Primitive Constellations of Greeks, Phoenicians and Romans," (2 Volumes, 1899-1900). In one of her books she incorrectly identifies Robert Brown Junior as the author of "Stellar Theology and Masonic Astronomy."]Neugebauer, Otto. (1943). "Demotic Horoscopes." (Journal of the American Oriental Society, Volume 63, Pages 115-126 + 2 Plates). [Note: Contains some discussion of certain Greek and Roman constellations.]Neugebauer, Otto. (1951; 2nd edition 1957, 1969). The Exact Sciences in Antiquity. [Note: Contains an excellent explanation of the Egyptian system of decan stars.]Neugebauer, Otto. and Parker, Richard. (1960-1969). Egyptian Astronomical Texts. (3 Volumes [plus a volume of plates accompany the text of volume 3]). [Note: A monumental study and likely to remain the standard work. The definitive reference for diagonal star clocks. Does not deal with issues of astronomical alignments in monumental architecture, or astral themes in mythology. For Volume 1: See the (English-language) book reviews by Olaf Schmidt in Centaurus, Volume 9, 1963-1964, Pages 57-60; C[?]. Spaull in The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Volume 48, 1962, Pages 166-168; by Evert Bruins in Isis, Volume 53, 1962, Pages 523-525; by Asger Aaboe in Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Volume XVII, 1962, Pages 204-205; and the (German-language) book reviews by Siegfried Schott in Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, Siebenundfnfzigster Jahrgang, 1962, Nummer 11/12, Columns 592-598; and by Kurt Vogel in Archiv fr Orientforschung, Einundzwanzigster Band, 1966, Pages 109-111. For Volume 2: See the (English-language) book reviews by C[?]. Spaull in The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Volume 51, 1965, Pages 217-218; by David Pingree in Isis, Volume 57, 1966, Pages 136-137; and the (German-language) book reviews by Erich Lddeckens in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlndischen Gesellschaft, Band 116, 1966, Pages 181-182; by Kurt Vogel in Archiv fr Orientforschung, Einundzwanzigster Band, 1966, Pages 109-111; and Siegfried Schott in Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, Volume 62, 1967, Nummer 5/6, Columns 244-247. For Volume 3: See the (English-language) book reviews by C[?]. Spaull in The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Volume 57, 1971, Pages 215-217; by Asger Aaboe in Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Volume XVII, 1962, Pages 106-107; by Owen Gingerich in Journal for the History of Astronomy, Volume 3, 1972, Page 217; and the (German-language) book review by Philippe Derchain in Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, Volume 66, 1971, Nummer 1/2, Columns 22-24. Otto Neugebauer (1899-1990) was a pioneer of studies of ancient mathematical astronomy. For 30 years he was Professor of the History of Mathematics at Brown University. See the Eloge by David Pingree in Isis, Volume 82, Number 1, 1991, Pages 87-88; and the biographical entry by Lewis Pyenson in American National Biography, General editors, John Garraty and Mark Carnes, Volume 16, 1999, Pages 302-303. Richard Parker headed the Department of Egyptology at Brown University from 1949-1972.]Parker, Richard. (1974). "Ancient Egyptian Astronomy." In: Hodson, Frank. (Editor). The Place of Astronomy in the Ancient World. (Pages 51-65). [Note: Abstract: "The early astronomy of ancient Egypt is known to us from its practical application to time measurement, in the large sense of a calendar year and in the smaller of the 24 h day. The earliest calendar year was lunar, kept in place in the natural year by the star Sirius. From this lunistellar year evolved the well-known calendar year of 365 days (three seasons of four 30-day months and 5 days added at the end). The division of the 30 day month into three 10-day 'weeks', combined with the observation of stars called decans rising at nightfall, eventually resulted in our 24 h day of fixed length. Constellations, except for decanal stars, and planets figured only in mythology. The zodiac was introduced into Egypt apparently in the Ptolemaic period and the decans finally became merely names for thirds of a zodiacal sign. In this latest period true astronomical texts also appear but they cannot be counted Egyptian in origin." The papers comprising the volume originated from a joint symposium on ancient astronomy held by The Royal Society and The British Academy. They were also published in the "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London," Volume 276 A, Number 1257. See the (English-language) books reviews by Colin Renfrew in Archaeology, Volume 26, Number 1, January, 1973, Pages 222-223; and by A[lexis?]. Brookes in The Classical Review, New Series Volume XXVII, (Volume XCI of the Continuous Series), 1977, Pages 95-96.]Petrie, William. (1908). Athribis. [Note: Report of results of archaeological work at the site of Athribis. Contains a description and photographs/drawings of 'The Zodiac Tomb.' William Petrie was a pioneering archaeologist and pioneering Egyptologist. Life dates: 1853-1942.] Petrie, William. (1940). Wisdom of the Egyptians. [Note: The discussion of Egyptian constellations is not reliable. The charts of Egyptian constellations are interesting.]Quack, Joachim. (2003). Contributions on the Egyptian Decans and their Reception in the Graeco-Latin World. [Note: Unpublished Habilitation. Completed when he was a research associate in the Department of Egyptology at the Free University of Berlin, from 1997 to 2002. Joachim Quack is recognised as an outstanding Egyptologist.]Schott, Siegfried. (1936). "Die Altgyptischen Dekane." In: Gundel, Wilhelm. (1936; Reprinted 1969). Dekane und Dekansternbilder ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Sternbilder der Kulturvlker. (Pages 1-26). [Note: The essay, which is included as "Erster Teil," has been criticized for its lapses.]Symons, Sarah. (1999). Ancient Egyptian Astronomy: Timekeeping and Cosmography in the New Kingdom. [Note: Unpublished doctoral thesis. Abstract: "The first part of this study analyses and discusses astronomical timekeeping methods used in the New Kingdom. Diagonal star clocks are examined first, looking at classification of sources, decan lists, and the updating of the tables over time. The date list in the Osireion at Abydos is discussed, and issues concerning its place in the history of astronomical timekeeping are raised. The final stellar timekeeping method, the Ramesside star clock, is then examined. The conventional interpretation of the observational method behind the tables is challenged by a new theory, and a system of analysing the tables is introduced. The conclusions of the previous sections are then gathered together in a discussion of the development of stellar timekeeping methods. The small instruments known as shadow clocks, and their later relatives the sloping sundials, are also examined. The established hypothesis that the shadow clock was completed by the addition of a crossbar is challenged and refuted. The second part of this study is based on New Kingdom representations of the sky. Two major texts and several celestial diagrams are discussed in detail, beginning with the Book of Nut, which describes the motions of the sun and stars. New translations of the vignette and dramatic text are presented and discussed. Portions of the Book of the Day describing the behaviour of the sun and circumpolar group of stars are analysed. Finally, celestial diagrams dating from the New Kingdom are described. Their composition and significance is discussed and the conceptual framework behind the diagrams is recreated. By introducing new theories and analysis methods, and using a modem but sympathetic approach to the original sources, this study attempts to update and extend our knowledge of these areas of ancient astronomy."]Symons, Sarah. (2007). "A Star's Year: The Annual Cycle in the Ancient Egyptian Sky." In: Steele, John. (Editor). Calendar and Years: Astronomy and Time in the Ancient Near East. (Pages 1-33). [Note: Discusses the decans in the diagonal star calendars. The author is an Egyptologist.]Symons, Sarah. (In Press 2013). "Contexts and Elements of Decanal Star Lists in Ancient Egypt." In: Imhausen, A[?]. and Bawanypeck, D[?]. (Editors). Traditions of Written Knowledge in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. (Pages ?-?). van der Waerden, Bartel. (1974). Science Awakening II: The Birth of Astronomy. [Note: Contains a brief discussion of Egyptian decans/constellations based largely on Egyptian Astronomical Texts (3 Volumes, 1960-1969) by Otto Neugebauer and Richard Parker.]von Bomhard, Anne-Sophie. (1999). The Egyptian Calendar: A Work for Eternity. [Note: An excellent book which includes frequent discussions of the decans. See the book review by Kurt Locher in Journal for the History of Astronomy, Volume 31, Part 4, 2000, Page 349.]Waitkus, Wolfgang. (2003). "Zur mglichen Identifizierung einer weiteren Konstellation des nrdlichen altgyptischen Sternhimmels." In: Kloth, Nicole. et al. (Editors). Es werde niedergelegt als Schriftstck: Festschrift fr Hartwig Altenmller. (Studien zur Altgyptischen Kultur, Beiheft 9, Pages 453-470). [Note: Brought to my attention by Donald Etz.]Articles/Entries:Allen, David. (1977). "An Astronomer's Impression of Ancient Egyptian Constellations." (Sky and Telescope, Volume 54, Pages 15-19). [Note: The author was a permanent staff astronomer at the Anglo-Australian observatory. Life dates: ?-1994.]Anonymous. (1937). "The Circular Zodiac of Denderah." (Griffith Observer, October, Pages ?-?).Aubourg, ric. (1995). "La date de conception du zodiaque du temple d'Hathor Dendrah." (Bulletin de l'Institut Franais d'Archologie Orientale du Caire, numro 95, Pages 1-10). [Note: The author is a French astrophysicist with a passion for Egyptian archaeoastronomy.] Barta, Winfried. (1980). "Funktion und Lokalisierung der Zirkumpolarsterne in den Pyramidentexten." (Zeitschrift fr gyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde, Band 107, Heft 1, Pages 1-4).Barthel, Thomas. (1968). "Gtter, Sterne, Pyramiden." (Paideuma, Volume 14, Pages 45-92). [Note: The journal is not to be confused with the journal of the same name issued by the University of Maine and devoted to Ezra Pond scholarship.]Bull, Ludlow. (1923). "An Ancient Egyptian Astronomical Ceiling-Decoration." (Bulletin of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Volume 18, Number 12, November, Number 12, Part 1, Pages 283-286). [Note: The source title also appears as The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin. Some sources give December instead of November. Ludlow Bull was an Egyptologist and curator of the Egyptian collections at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City and at Yale University. Life dates: 1886-1954.]Belmonte, Juan. (2002). "The Decans and the Ancient Egyptian Skylore: An Astronomical Approach." (Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana, Volume 73 (Special Volume 1), Pages ?-?). [Note: Brought to my attention my Donald Etz. The pages given for the article were 43-57. However, Laurence Crossen informs me that pages 43-57 is incorrect for the article. However, I have the article and Belmonte's own references to it. Originally presented as a keynote presentation (January 2nd, 2001) at "The Inspiration of Astronomical Phenomena III" Conference, 31st December 2000 - 6th January 2001, Palermo, Sicily.]Bker, Robert. (1984). "ber Namen und Identifizierung der gyptischen Dekane."(Centaurus, Volume 27, Pages 189-217).Buchwald, Jed. (2003). "Egyptian Stars Under Paris Skies." (Engineering & Science, Volume LXVI, Number 4, Pages 20-31). [Note: Excellent detailed account of the French discovery of the Denderah zodia, its removal to France, and the controversy of its astronomical dating. The author is a noted historian of science.]Chatley, Herbert. (1939). "Notes on Ancient Egyptian Astronomy." (The Observatory, Volume 62, Number 779, Pages 100-104). [Note: Herbert Chatley, DSc, was a British historian (of science). Life dates: 1895-1947.]Chatley, Herbert. (1940). "Sirius and the Constellation of the Bow." (Nature, Volume 145, 27 April, Page 670). [Note: A short study of Sirius and the constellation of the bow in Babylonia, China, and Egypt.]Chatley, Herbert. (1940). "The lunar mansions in Egypt." (Isis, Volume XXXI, Number 2, April, Pages 394-397). [Note: The author finds no evidence for a system of 28 "lunar mansions" in ancient Egypt.]Chatley, Herbert. (1940). "The Egyptian Celestial Diagram." (The Observatory, Volume 63, Number 790, Pages 68-72).Chatley, Herbert. (1940). "Egyptian Astronomy." (The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Volume 26, Pages 120-126). [Note: A discussion of Egyptian constellations.]Chatley, Herbert. (1943). "Ancient Egyptian Star Tables and the Decans." (The Observatory, Volume 65, Number 817, Pages 121-125). [Note: See also the Correspondence in The Observatory "Ancient Egyptian Star Tables and the Decans." comprising a letter by Herbert Chatley (Volume 65, 1944, Pages 144-145), and a letter reply by Duncan MacNaughton (Volume 65, 1944, Pages 145-146), and a reply by Herbert Chatley (Volume 65, 1944, Page 146).]Christiansen, H[?]. (1992). "Decanal Star Tables for Lunar Houses in Egypt?" (Centaurus, Volume 35, Pages 1-27).Conman, Joanne. (2003). "It's About Time: Ancient Egyptian Cosmology." (Studien zur Altgyptischen Kultur, Band 31, Pages 33-71). [Note: An extensive study of the Egyptian decan system by an amateur Egyptologist who rejects Otto Neugebauer's ideas on such. See also: Symons, Sarah. (1999). Ancient Egyptian Astronomy: Timekeeping and Cosmography in the New Kingdom, an unpublished doctoral thesis. On the topic of the Egyptian decans, Conman seems to have an obsessive dislike for Otto Neugebauer. However, in her posts to forums on Egyptology - for example her series of posts to Glyphdoctors in 2005 it is evident Conman has a Neugebauer approach to Egyptian astronomy. Unfortunately Conman is not always reliable on the topic of ancient astronomy. Conman's biographical information posted at the Kepler College website (where she is an instructor for a computer-based course on Egyptian astrology, as part of Kepler's astrological education program) includes: She holds an anthropology degree (gained 1973) from Hofstra University (a private college on Long Island, New York), and completed a year (1984) of graduate work in psychology at CUNY, Queens College. Interestingly, Conman has an early connection with astrology. At the Kepler College website she posts: "... she studied astrology [= paid for astrology lessons] for a couple of years with Zoltan Mason [1906-2002] in New York City. Eventually, a later interest in botany and herbs led her to medieval medical astrology, which rekindled her interest in studying astrology again, but with a focus on ancient astrology for the source of the ideas. For the last 15 years, as an independent scholar, her concentration has been on the Egyptian decans and the Egyptian roots of Hellenistic astrology." In her Signs of the Times website article "Splitting Realities" Laura Knight-Jadczyk writes: "... a man I later learned was a total psychopath (Zoltan Mason)." Conman has not clarified whether or not she is an astrologer. In her 2010 article "Origins of Astrology." posted online at Kepler College website she ambiguously writes: "Its not so much that academics do not understand, though some dont; the fact is that many will not understand. They simply refuse. They tend to cringe at the mention of astrology. Beliefs incorporated in it are generally not considered worthy of study and are not recognized as having arisen in ancient religion. The few scholars who have written anything on ancient astrology seem to feel compelled to defend their interest in the subject, while proclaiming as loudly as possible that astrology is silly or superstitious because it is not science. They go to great pains to reassure readers that they are far too intelligent to believe astrology themselves. When they do explore ancient astrology, their bias tends to lead them to focus on what is easy to dismiss as irrational, e.g., omen reading." Similar to Lester Ness, Conman seemingly fails to recognise that a person can be critical of astrology yet take it seriously as a subject for historical study. Conman is convinced she has discovered the correct working of the Egyptian decan system. Conman claims: "My model proves that "enclosed by the Duat" is linked to the late night rising of decan stars and the Egyptian beliefs about the rejuvenation of the sun, very likely linked to the setting of Venus." However, in a short exchange with the Egyptologist Sarah Symons in 2005 her ideas were criticised on a number of points. Conman is openly bitter that her ideas have not been accepted by professional Egyptologists and astronomers.]Conman, Joanne. (2007). "Speculation on Special Sunlight and the Origin of the wSAw Hour." (Apuntes de Egiptologia, Volume 3, Pages ?-?). [Note: Originally a paper presented by the author at the American Research Centre in Egypt annual meeting in Boston, April, 2005. Conman, in typical fashion in a private communication (January 2011), stated the information is slightly incorrect but did not explain why, and she did not inform me of the page numbers. Slightly incorrect perhaps because I had wSAw, not wSAw, in the title, perhaps because I had Number 3, not Volume 3, or perhaps because I had 'conference' instead of 'annual meeting.' Also, her article likely comprises the entire issue. Abstract: "The ancient Egyptian decan star system that is explained in the Carlsberg papyri has been misunderstood for over a half century. In Otto Neugebauer's theory, the 70-day period that stars are said to be Sn dwAt is understood to mean that those stars are invisible following their heliacal setting. That hypothesis has been demonstrated to be false because it posits a pattern that no stars fit. In any given decade of days, the Sn dwAt star rises late at night, marking the wSAw hour, and thus indicating the time that the sun is Sn dwAt. This paper deals with the implications of this new understanding of the meaning of Sn dwAt, conjectures a parallel between winter solstice and the wSAw hour in Egyptian thought, and explores the implied belief that sunlight during Prt season was imbued with special regenerative powers. Capturing the sunlight at the appropriate magical time is hypothesized as the purpose for both the shafts in Great Pyramid at Giza and the illumination of the statue of Ramses II at Abu Simbel."]Conman, Joanne. (2007). "Understanding the Decans: How the Ancient Egyptians Saw the Sky."(Paper presented at the annual meeting of the The 58th Annual Meeting of the American Research Center in Egypt, Wyndham Toledo Hotel, Toledo, Ohio, Apr 20, 2007). [Note: Abstract: "The author of the Carlsberg papyrus I and Ia left a great gift to future generations that has been misunderstood for decades. It is easy to establish that stars actually do behave exactly as the Egyptian texts say that they behave, but this can be done only after the decanal belt theory of Otto Neugebauer is rejected. The solution I have discovered confirms a pattern that is in agreement with the Book of Nut texts and the interpretation of those texts given in the Carlsberg Papyri. The pattern I found incorporates the decan lists of the Asyut coffins, which can now be demonstrated to be part of the same system as the later texts. This paper delves into the precise information written by the Egyptians concerning the decans and contrasts that with what Neugebauer and certain other modern scholars have conjectured. A new understanding of the decan system offers to open the way to a better understanding of Egyptian cosmology, religion, and language."]Daressy, Georges. (1900). "Une ancienne liste des dcans gyptiens." (Annales du service des antiquits de l'gypte, Volume 1, Pages 79-90). [Note: The first attempt to interpret the diagonal star clock/astronomical decoration on the inner surface of the lid of the coffin of Msahiti (IXth or Xth dynasty). Georges Daressy was a French Egyptologist. Life dates: 1864-1938.]Davis, Virginia. (1983?). "Identification of the Ancient Egyptian Constellations." (Archaeoastronomy, Volume 6, Numbers 1-4, Page 8).Davis, Virginia. (1985). "Identifying Ancient Egyptian Constellations." (Archaeoastronomy, Number 9, Pages S102-S104; Supplement to the Journal of the History of Astronomy, Volume 16). [Note: The author is an Egyptologist.]Degreef, John. (2001). "Three Archaic Egyptian Constellations used as Seasonal Markers." (?). [Note: I have only sighted this article on the internet and have no publication details. It would appear that the author is an archaeologist (and amateur Egyptologist?). The ideas in the article would appear to be based on the acceptance of the (erroneous) ideas presented in Willy Hartner's 1965 article "The Earliest Constellations ...." It would appear that the same author translated from German the 1865 publication by Richard Lepsius "The Ancient Egyptian Cubit and Its Subdivision." It is published by The Museum Bookshop (specialising in ancient near eastern archaeology) which has no connection with the The British Museum. John Degreef, PhD, lives in Lige, Belgium.]Desroches-Nobelcourt, Christiane. (1993). "Le Zodiaque de Pharaon." (Archologia, Number 292, July, Pages 20-45). [Note: The publication is a French Revue. The author of the article is a French Egyptologist and considered to be an outstanding authority on ancient Egypt. She was Chief Curator of Egyptian Antiquities in the Louvre Museum for 50 years. Life dates: 1913-2011.]Dodd, William. (2011). "Decans, Djed Pillars, and Seasonal Hours in Egypt." (Journal of The Royal Society of Canada, Volume 105, Number 5, October, Pages 187-?). [Note: Has been referenced as Number 4, August. The author is a member of the Toronto Centre of the RASC. Hastro-L discussion indicates it needs to be used with caution.]Eisler, Robert. (1935). "Das Astrologische Bilderbuch." (Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, Volume XXXVIII, 1935, Number 11, Columns 665-667.) [Note: The author argues for the Babylonian origin of the Egyptian constellation the "Bull's Leg."]Eisler, Robert. and Chatley, Herbert (1941). "Egyptian Astronomy: Letters from Dr. Eisler and Dr. Chatley." (The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Volume 27, Pages 149-152). [Note: A discussion of Babylonian and Greek influences on Egyptian zodiacs.]Etz, Donald. (1997). "A New Look at the Constellation Figures in the Celestial Diagram." (Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, Volume XXXIV, Pages 143-161). [Note: The speculations of a science writer. The constellation identifications are unreliable.]Gadr, Karine. and Roques, Sylvie. (2007). "Pralable l'identification des dcans gyptiens: constitution d'une base de donnes archologiques." (Gttingen Miszellen, Heft ?, Pages ?-?). Abstract: "In ancient Egypt, the successive risings or transits of stars in the night or twilight sky were used to tell the hours of the night. These stars whose yearly period of invisibility was then close to seventy days are today termed as decanal since their heliacal rising occurred at ten days interval each. Their hieroglyphic names appear on the interior lid of wooden sarcophagi, on the external surface of water clocks, on the ceiling of temples and tombs dating from the First Intermediate Period to the Roman era. Every one of these vestiges makes up an archaeological database whose completion is needed to identify the ninety old Egyptian decanal stars to stars visible with the naked eye."Gingerich, Owen. (1983). "Ancient Egyptian Sky Magic." (Sky and Telescope, Volume 65, Number 5, May, Pages 418-420).Greenbaum, Dorian. (2011). Decans. In: Bagnall, Roger. (General Editor). The Encyclopedia of Ancient History.Hardy, Patty. (2002-2003). "The Cairo Calendar as a Stellar Almanac." (Archaeoastronomy: The Journal of Astronomy in Culture, Volume XVII, Pages 48-63). [Note: A discussion of many of the stars, asterisms, and constellations in Book II of the Cairo Calendar by an amateur astronomer.]Hornung, Erik. (1975). "Zur Bedeutung der gyptischen Dekangestirne." (Goettinger Miszellen, Heft 17, Pages 35-37). [Note: Brief discussion of the beliefs behind the decoration of the ceilings of the royal tombs of the New Kingdom period with star clocks and other astral motifs.]Kkosy, Lszl. (1982). "Decans in Late-Egyptian Religion." (Oikumene, Volume 3, Pages 163191). [Note: The author, along with Joachim Quack, made ground-breaking contributions to a certain prelude to astrology in the decans.]Kapar, Olaf. (1995). "The astronomical ceiling of Deir el-Haggar in the Dakhlen Oasis." (Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Volume 81, Pages 175-195). [Note: I appreciate Donald Etz pointing out my slip of writing Volume 31.]Krupp, Ed. (2000). "From Here to Eternity." (Sky and Telescope, Volume 99, Number 2, February, Pages 87-89).Krupp, Ed. (2001). "The Sphinx Blinks." (Sky and Telescope, Volume 101, Number 3, March, Pages 86-88).Krupp, Ed. (2001). "Unlimited Ceiling." (Sky and Telescope, Volume 102, Number 4, October, Pages 86-88).Leitz, Christian. (2002). "Remarks about the Appearance of Mars in the Tomb of Senemut in Western Thebes." (Centaurus, Volume 44, Pages 140-142). [Note: A short and decisive demolition of the article "Dating the Oldest Egyptian Star Map." by Ove von Spaeth in Centaurus, Volume 42, 2000, Pages 159-179.]von Lieven, Alexandra. (2000). "Die dritte Reihe der Dekane oder Tradition und Innovation in der sptgypttischen Religion." (Archiv fr Religionsgeschichte, Band 2, Pages 21-36).von Lieven, Alexandra. (2001). "Der Himmel ber Esna - Nachtrag zu Esna 451." (Goettinger Miszellen, Heft 184, Pages 111-112).Locher, Kurt, (1981). "A conjecture concerning the early Egyptian constellation of the Sheep." (Archaeoastronomy, Number 3, Pages S73-S75; Supplement to the Journal of the History of Astronomy, Volume 12). [Note: The author is a Swiss physics lecturer and astronomer. His work (and also Virginia Lee's) on the identification of Egyptian constellations is important.]Locher, Kurt. (1983). "A further coffin lid with a diagonal star clock from the Egyptian Middle Kingdom." (Journal for the History of Astronomy, Volume XIV, Pages 141-144). Locher, Kurt. (1985). "Probable Identification of the Ancient Egyptian Circumpolar Constellations." (Archaeoastronomy, Number 9, Pages S152-S153; Supplement to the Journal of the History of Astronomy, Volume 16).Locher, Kurt. (1990). "The Ancient Egyptian Constellation Group 'The Lion Between Two Crocodiles' and the Bird." (Archaeoastronomy, Number 15, Pages S49-S51; Supplement to the Journal of the History of Astronomy, Volume 21).Locher, Kurt. (1983). "Two further coffin lids with diagonal star clocks from the Egyptian Middle Kingdom." (Journal for the History of Astronomy, Volume XXIII, Pages 201-207).Lockyer, Joseph. (1891). "On some points in ancient Egyptian astronomy. I." (Nature, Volume 45, Number 1161, January 28, Pages 296-299).Lockyer, Joseph. (1892). "On some points in ancient Egyptian astronomy. II." (Nature, Volume 45, Number 1164, February 18, Pages 373-375).Lockyer, Joseph. (1892). "The Astronomy and Mythology of the Ancient Egyptians." (The Nineteenth Century, Volume XXXII, July-December, Pages 29-51).Lockyer, Joseph. (1893). "The astronomical history of On and Thebes. I." (Nature, Volume 48, Number 1240, August 3, Pages 318-320).Lockyer, Joseph. (1893). "The astronomical history of On and Thebes. II." (Nature, Volume 48, Number 1242, August 17, Pages 371-372).Lull, Jos. and Belmonte, Juan Antonio. (2006). "A Firmament Above Thebes: Uncovering the Constellations of Ancient Egyptians." (Journal for the History of Astronomy, Volume 37, Part 4, Number 129, Pages 373-392). [Note: An attempt to identify the decan stars. Kindly brought to my attention by Gordon Uber.] Maravelia, Amanda-Alice. (2003). "Cosmic Space and Archetypal Time: Depictions of the Sky-Goddess Nut in Three Royal Tombs of the New Kingdom and her Relation to the Milky Way." (Gttinger Miszellen, Heft [Volume/Issue] 197, Pages 55-72). [Note: A small part of the author's PhD thesis.]Mller, Max. (1903). "Zur Geschichte der Tierkreisbilder in gypten." (Orientalistische Litteratur-zeitung, Volume 7, Number 1, Columns 8-9).Nagy, I[?]. (1977). "Remarques sur Quelques Formules Stellaires des Textes Religieux d'Epoque Sate." (Studia Aegyptiaca, Volume III, Pages 99-117).Neugebauer, Otto. (1955). "The Egyptian "Decans." (Vistas in Astronomy, Volume 1, Pages 47-51).Novakovi, Bojan. (2008). Senenmut: An Ancient Egyptian Astronomer. (Publications of the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade, Number 85, Pages 19-23). [Note: Abstract: "The celestial phenomena have always been a source of wonder and interest to people, even as long ago as the ancient Egyptians. While the ancient Egyptians did not know all the things about astronomy that we do now, they had a good understanding of some celestial phenomena. The achievements in astronomy of ancient Egyptians are relatively well known, but we know very little about the people who made these achievements. The goal of this paper is to bring some light on the life of Senenmut, the chief architect and astronomer during the reign of Queen Hatshepsut."]Offord, Joseph. (1916). "Egyptian Astronomy and the Zodiac." (Nature, Volume 98, Number 2445, September 7, Pages 7-8).Park, Rosiland. (2008). "The First Decan." In: Griffin, Kenneth. (Editor). Current Research in Egyptology VIII. (Pages 103-112). [Note: This volume was published by Oxbow books.]Parker, Richard. (1978). "Egyptian Astronomy, Astrology, and Calendrical Reckoning." In: Gillespie, Charles. (Editor in Chief). Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Volume XV. Supplement I. (Pages 706-727).Pierce, Donna. (2005). "Egypt by the Stars." (The Great Western Observer, Volume IV, Number 1, Winter, Pages 20-22). [Note: Unreliable.]Pogo, Alexander. (1930). "The Astronomical Ceiling-decoration in the Tomb of Semut." (Isis, Volume XIV, Pages 301-325). [Note: Alexander Pogo was a Russian emigre to the USA. He was a professional astronomer and historian of astronomy. In 1928 he was awarded a Degree in Astronomy from the University of Chicago and joined the Yerkes Observatory. In 1929 he was appointed Fellow in the History of Science by the Carnegie Institution and this led to him working at Harvard University (beginning 1930?). At least by the mid-1950s he was working as an astronomer at the Mount Wilson and Palomar Observatories. For several decades he was the (associate) editor for the astronomy section of the journal Isis. Life dates: 1893-19??.]Pogo, Alexander. (1931). "Zur Problem der Identifikation der nrdlichen Sternbilder der alten Aegter."(Isis, Volume XVI, Pages 102-114).Pogo, Alexander. (1932). "The Astronomical Inscriptions on the Coffins of Heny." (Isis, Volume XVIII, Pages 7-13).Pogo, Alexander. (1936). "Three unpublished calendars from Asyut." (Osiris, Volume I, Pages 500-509).Quack, Joachim. (1995) "Decane und Gliedervergottung." (Jahrbuch fur Antike und Christentum, Volume 38, Pages 97122). [Note: The author, along with Lszl Kkosy, made ground-breaking contributions to a certain prelude to astrology in the decans.]Quack, Joachim. (2005). "Constellations (Egypt)." In: Eggler, Jurg. and Uehlinger, Christoph. (Editors). Iconography of Deities and Demons in the Ancient Near East. [Note: A short but highly informative article. The author is an expert on Egyptology.]Relke, Joan. and Ernest, Allan. (2002-2003). "Ancient Egyptian Astronomy: Ursa Major - Symbol of Rejuvenation." (Archaeoastronomy: The Journal of Astronomy in Culture, Volume XVII, Pages 64-80). [The authors acknowledge the speculative nature of their interesting essay.]Le Page Renouf, Peter. (1874). "Calendar of Astronomical Observations Found in Royal Tombs of the XXth Dynasty." (Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, Volume 3, Pages 400-421). [Note: An early paper on the Ramesside star clocks (i.e., transit decan system). Renouf did not identify or discuss them as star clocks. The author was an Egyptologist and philologist. Life dates: 1822-1897.]Le Page Renouf, Peter. (1884). "The Bow in the Egyptian Sky." (Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, Volume 6, Pages 131-132).Le Page Renouf, Peter. (1895). "The Bow in the Egyptian Sky (2)." (Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, Volume 17, Pages 37-38).Roeder, Gnther. (1928). "Eine neue Darstellung des gestirnten Himmels in gypten." (Das Weltall, Volume 28, Pages 1-?).von Spaeth, Ove. (2000). "Dating the Oldest Egyptian Star Map." (Centaurus, Volume 42, Pages 159-179). [Note: A controversial interpretation of the Senmut star map. The Danish author, who describes himself as an "independent scholar," seeks to accomplish considerable chronological revision (as part of his re-interpretation of the biblical figure of Moses). A number of critics on the Hastro-L (History of Astronomy) discussion list (January, 2002) have shown his astronomical interpretation of Senmut's star map to be seriously flawed. Christian Leitz in his 2002 article in Centaurus decisively critiqued this paper. See also: Belmonte, Juan. and Shaltout, Mosalam. (2007). "The Astronomical Ceiling of Senenmut: a Dream of Mystery and Imagination." In: Zedda, Mauro. and Belmonte, Juan. (Editors). Lights and Shadows in Cultural Astronomy. (Pages 145-154). The authors critique and reject the ideas of Ove von Spaneth and also Christian Leitz that the ceiling depicts an astronomical scenario that can be precisely dated. Ove von Spaneth (www.moses-egypt.net, 2007) falsely supposes that I have an agenda in mentioning only critics of his Senmut star map ideas. However, even von Spaneth fails to clearly present the views of persons he claims are 'supporter' of his claims. Von Spaneth is one of a number of people promoting speculative ideas who like to promote the idea that I must be 'even-handed'/'fair-minded' and provide material/comments in a neutral manner, giving both pro and con information. Such an idea is mythical - my stated intention on Page 1 is to point out unsubstantiated speculative ideas.]Spiegelberg, Wilhelm. (1902). "Ein gyptisches Verzeichnis der Planeten und Tierkreisbilder." (Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, Band 5, Columns 6-9).Symons, Sarah. (2000). "Accuracy issues in ancient Egyptian stellar timekeeping." In: McDonald, Angela. and Riggs, Christina. (Editors). Current Research in Egyptology I. (Pages 111-114). [Note: This volume was published as BAR International Series 909.]Symons, Sarah. (2002). "Two Fragments of Diagonal Star Clocks in the British Museum." (Journal for the History of Astronomy, Volume 33, Pages 255-260).Symons, Sarah. and Cockcroft, Robert. (2013). "An ancient Egyptian Diagonal Star Calendar Table in Mallawi, Egypt." (Journal for the History of Astronomy, Volume 44, Part 4, Number 157, Pages 457-463). [Note: Abstract: "A coffin belonging to an Egyptian Middle Kingdom official Hor-em-hetepu, on public display in the Mallawi Monuments Museum, Egypt, contains a previously-unpublished diagonal star table (or "diagonal star clock"). This table adds to the other twenty-four examples of this type of astronomical record or calendar from around 2100 B.C. The table displays a regular diagonal pattern of decan (star or asterism) names, with some interesting points of content, epigraphy, and typology." Both authors (2013) are at Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.]Symons, Sarah. and Cockcroft, Robert. (2013). "Diagonal Star Tables on Coffins A1C and S2Hil: A New Triangle Decan and a Reversed Table." (Palarch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, Volume 10, Number 3, Pages 1-10). [Note: A web based publication.]Symons, Sarah. and Cockcroft, Robert. (In Press 2013). "Ancient Egyptian Diagonal Star Tables: A New Fragment, and Updates for S16C and S1C." (Journal for the History of Astronomy, Volume 45, Pages ?-?).Wainwright, Gerald. (1936). "Orion and the Great Star." (The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Volume XXII, Pages 45-46).Waldron, Richard. (1973). "The Kingdom of Amon-Re: The Egyptian Sky, 3,000-300 B.C." (Griffith Observer, June).Wernick, Nicolas. (2008). "Timekeeping in Ancient Egypt." (Ancient Egypt, Volume 9, Number 3, Issue 51, December 2008/January 2009, Pages 29-32). [Note: Excellent article that includes a brief discussion of the star clocks.] Zinner, Ernst. (1931). "Die Sternbilder der alten Aegypter." (Isis, Volume XVI, Pages 92-101).

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JewishBooks/Pamphlets:Bischoff, Erich. (1907; Reprinted 1998). Babylonisch-astrales im Weltbilde des Thalmud und Midrasch. [Note: Unreliable. Based on the Panbabylonist ideas of Alfred Jeremias. Life dates: 1865-1936.]Brodetsky, Selig. (1979). Astronomy in the Babylonian Talmud. [Note: The pamphlet is comprised of two journal articles.]Greenfield, Jonas. (2001). "An Astrological Text from Qumran." In: Greenfield, Jonas. et al. (Editors). Al kanfei Yonah: Collected Studies of Jonas C. Greenfield on Semitic Philology. (2 Volumes, See Volume 1, Pages ?-?). [Note: A discussion of the influence of the Babylonian Mul.Apin series on the Qumran sect.]Grimme, Hubert. (1907). Das israelitische Pfingstfest und der Plejadenkult. [Note: The author was strongly influenced by the ideas of Panbabylonism.]Gwynn, David., Bangert, Susanne., and Lavan, Luke. (2010). Religious Diversity in Late Antiquity. [Note: Some discussion of zodiac mosaics in Jewish synagogues.]Hachlili, Rachel. (2009). Ancient Mosaic Pavements. [Note: Some discussion of zodiac mosaics in Jewish synagogues.] Houtman, Cornelius. (1993). Der Himmel im Alten Testament: Israels Weltbild und Weltanschauung. [Note: A substantial scholarly study of 400 pages. Undoubtedly based on his (Dutch-language but with a summary in English) doctoral thesis De hemel inhet Oude Testament published in 1974. The author lectures at the Protestantse Theologische Universiteit, The Netherlands. Life dates: 1945- .]Lemaire, Andr. (1999). "Coupe astrale inscrite et astronomie aramenne." In: Avishuir, Y[?]. and Deutsch, R[?]. (Editors). Michael: Historical, Epigraphical and Biblical Studies in Honor of Michael Heltzer. (Pages 195-221).Magness, J[?]. (2003). "Helios and the zodiac cycle in ancient Palestinian synagogues." In: Dever, W[?]. and Gitin, S[?]. (Editors). Symbiosis, Symbolism and the Power of the Past. (Pages 363-389).Maunder, Edward. (1908). The Astronomy of the Bible. [Note: Needs to be used with some caution. Contains a supportive discussion (Book II, Chapter I, Pages 149-161) of the flawed "void zone" theory of constellation origins. Edward Maunder (1851-1928) was a sun-spot specialist and spectroscophist at the Royal Greenwich Observatory. (This title for the observatory first came into use in 1948.) Edward Maunder had no formal qualification as an astronomer. (Prior to gaining his appointment as Assistant at the Royal Observatory he had worked in a bank in London.) His position of Assistant at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich was a position within the British Civil Service and gained through passing the entry examination. The increase in the number of staff was due to the expansion of the observatory's role in physical astronomy and also it being affected by the greater influence of wider civil service procedures. Maunder held the post of Photographic and Spectroscopic Assistant for 40 years. He was highly competent and recognised as the most knowledgeable solar worker in Great Britain. The vacancy for a photographic and spectroscopic assistant which Edward Maunder filled involved photographing sunspots and measuring their areas and positions. Maunder's routine daily duty comprised photographing the sun and noting the sunspots. He also used data for observatories around the world. (He was also an evangelical Methodist and lay preacher.) At the time of his retirement he was Superintendent of the Solar Department. He was also a respected official observer of solar eclipses. See the (English-language) biographical entry by Deborah Warner in Dictionary of Scientific Biography, edited by Charles Gillispie, Volume IX, Pages 183-185; and the (English-language) obituary by H.P.H. in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume LXXXIX, 1929, Pages 313-318.]MacLean, Charles. (1929). Babylonian Astrology and the Old Testament. [Note: Based on the author's doctoral thesis.]McKay, John. (1973). Religion in Judah under the Assyrians. [Note: In Chapter VI "Astral Beliefs in Judah and the Ancient World," the author capably discusses the issue of Assyrian astral beliefs in Judah circa 732-609 BCE. The book formed part of his doctorate thesis.]Mowinckel, Sigmund. (1928). Die Sternnamen im Alten Testament. [Note: Probably the best study to date. The booklet is (described as an off-print, but more accurately is Supplement 5) from the theological journal Norsk Teologisk Tidsskrift, Volume 29, 1928. In the same year (? Reprinted 1929?, 1930?) he also published the paper/booklet Eine Studie zur Astrologie des Alten Testaments (Acta Orientalia, Leiden, Volume 8?/Supplement 8?, Pages 1-44). Sigmund Mowinckel is considered one of the most prominent Old Testament researchers of his time.]Ness, Lester. (1999). Written in the Stars: Ancient Zodiac Mosaics. [Note: The book is based on the authors 1990 doctorate thesis "Astrology and Judaism in Late Antiquity." It is constructed out of secondary sources. Ness began his career in the US Navy as a technician. Ness asserts as recently as 2011 that he is "an ancient historian and archaeologist." His academic employment, at least since 1997, is unrelated to either subject. The publisher of the book claims Ness is "the leading expert in the history of Astrology." Ness claims he is "the main historian of Jewish astrology." The website of the bookseller Eisenbrauns states: "Dr. Lester Ness has devoted his academic career to the study of ancient astrology. He is a leading scholar in his field. The goal of this particular work is to solve why zodiac mosaics appear in Israeli synagogues. More broadly, it explains how and why Hellenic Jews used astrology. This volume explores origins of synagogue mosaics and provides useful information concerning astrology around the world." Since 1997 Lester Ness has been teaching English in China but maintains an interest in ancient astronomy/astrology. Ness confuses the issue of the historical study of astrology by his statements inferring that a person who criticises astrology cannot be (or is not) a serious historian of the topic. Apart from his PhD (which he turned into his book), and periodically updating the web version of the bibliography, it appears he has not published any other/further material. During the early 1990s he began working on an English translation of Auguste Bouch-Leclercq's, L'Astrologie grecque (1899). He has stated he completed this task in 2006. However, Pennsylvania State University Press (Penn State Press) has not yet (March, 2011) published the book. More recent studies of Jewish zodiacs include: "On the program and reception of the synagogue mosaics." by Seth Swartz. In: From Dura to Sepphoris: Studies in Jewish Art and Society in Late Antiquity edited by L[?]. Levine and Z[?]. Wiezz (2000; Pages 165-181); Signs of the Times by Gad Erlanger (2001); Imperialism and Jewish Society. 200 B.C.E. to 640 C.E. by Seth Schwartz (2001; Pages 258-259); "Helios and the zodiac cycle in ancient Palestinian synagogues." by J[?]. Magness. In: Symbiosis, Symbolism and the Power of the Past edited by W[?]. Dever and S[?]. Gitin (2003; Pages 363-389); Art and Judaism in the Greco-Roman World by Steven Fine (2005); The Encyclopedia of Jewish Myth, Magic and Mysticism by Geoffrey Dennis (2007); Ancient Mosaic Pavements by Rachel Hachlili (2009); Religious Diversity in Late Antiquity by David Gwynn, Susanne Bangert, and Luke Lavan (2010).]Roussin, L[?]. (1997). "The zodiac in synagogue decoration." In: Edwards, D[?}. and McCollough, C[?]. (Editors). Archaeology and the Galilee. (Pages 83-96).Schiaparelli, Giovanni. (1905). Astronomy in the Old Testament. [Note: A revised and corrected version of the author's lengthy Italian-language essay "L'Astronomia Nell' Antico Testamento" which was first published in 1903 (by Ulrico Hoepli: Milan). The book contains an extensive discussion of constellations and star names in the Old Testament. The author's discussion was not influenced by the ideas of Panbabylonism. See the (English-language) review by Anon of "Astronomy in the Old Testament," in Nature, Volume LXXIV, August 23, 1906, Pages 410-411. The author's original Italian-language essay also appears in Volume 1 (Pages 153-300) of "Scritti Sulla Storia della Astronomia Antica" (3 Volumes, 1925-1927; Reprinted 1997-1998). These volumes contain the collected Italian-language publications of the author on ancient astronomy, basically Babylonian, Greek, and Medieval. The essay "L'Astronomia Nell' Antico Testamento" was quickly translated into both German ("Die Astronomie im Alten Testament", translated and edited by the librarian Willy Ldte (1904), who added additional notes); and English ("Astronomy in the Old Testament", by Anon (1905)), the latter of which included many corrections and additions by the author. (Spanish-language editions appeared in 1945 and 1969.) All of the author's publications on ancient astronomy remain valuable. Giovanni Schiaparelli (1835-1910) was an Italian astronomer. See the (French-language) book review in Revue Biblique, Nouvelle Srie, Deuxime Anne, Number 4, Octobre, 1905, Pages 634-635. See the (English-language) book review by Edward Maunder in The Observatory, Volume 29, 1906, March, Pages 120-126. See the (English-language) biographical entry by Giorgio Abetti in Dictionary of Scientific Biography, edited by Charles Gillispie, Volume XII, Pages 159-162; the (English-language) obituary by E.B.K. in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume LXXI, 1911, Pages 282-287; and the (English-language) obituary by Robert Aitken in Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Volume XXII, 1910, Pages 164-165.]Schwartz, Seth. (2000). "On the program and reception of the synagogue mosaics." In: Levine, L[?]. and Weizz, Z[?]. (Editors). From Dura to Sepphoris: Studies in Jewish Art and Society in Late Antiquity. (Pages 165-181). [Note: Some discussion of zodiac mosaics in Jewish synagogues.] Schwartz, Seth. (2001). Imperialism and Jewish Society. 200 B.C.E. to 640 C.E. [Note: Some discussion of zodiac mosaics in Jewish synagogues.]Sukenik, Elezear. (1934). Ancient Synagogues in Palestine and Greece. [Note: Includes a discussion of the zodiac in the synagogue of Beth Alpha.]Articles/Entries:Ben-Dov, jonathan. (2014). "A Jewish Parapegma? Reading 1 Enoch 82 in Roman Egypt." In: Stern, Sacha. and Burnett, Charles. (Editors). Time, Astronomy, and Calendars in the Jewish Tradition. (Pages 1-26).Blau, Ludwig. (1901-1906). "Orion." In: Singer, Isidore. (Managing Editor). The Jewish Encyclopedia. (12 Volumes).Cheyne, Thomas. (1898). "Influence of Assyrian in Unexpected Places." (Journal of Biblical Literature, Volume 17, Number 1, Pages 103-107). [Note: Life dates: 1841-1915.]Clarke, John. (1883). "Jacob's Zodiac." (The Hebrew Student, Volume 2, Number 5/6, January-February, Pages 155-158).Clements, Ronald. (1974). "ktb." In: Botterweck, Gerhart., Ringgren, Helmer., and Fabry, Heinz-Josef. (Editors). Theological dictionary of the Old Testament: Volume VII. (Pages 75-85). [Note: A detailed and comprehensive article on astronomy in the Old Testament. Ronal Clements is a highly respected Old Testament scholar. currently (2004) he is Professor of Old Testament Emeritius at King's College in the University of London. He is an ordained Baptist minister. Life dates for Ronald Clements: 1929- .]Clerke, Agnes. (1907). "Astronomy in the Bible." In: Herbermann, Charles. et al. (Editors). The Catholic Encyclopedia. (Volume 2).Cooley, Jeffrey. (2011). "Astral Religion in Ugarit and Ancient Israel." (Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Volume 70, Number 2, October, Pages 281-287). [Note: Jeffrey Cooley (2012) is Assistant Professor in the Theology Department at Boston College, MA. He joined the theology faculty at Boston College in 2009. Before coming to BC, he was a member of the Classics department at Xavier University, first as an adjunct instructor (2003-2006) and then as a visiting assistant professor (2003-2009). Education: Ph.D., HUC-JIR, M.Phil., Hebrew Union College - Jewish Institute of Religion BA, Wheaton College. Research interests: Hebrew Bible in its ancient Near Eastern context; calendars; Sabbath; the tabernacle; the intersection of ancient scholarship and literature; divination in the ancient Near East; myth and method; intercultural contact in the ancient Mediterranean.]Cooley, Jeffrey. (2012). "Celestial Divination in Ugarit and Ancient Israel: A Reassessment." (Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Volume 71, Number 1, April, Pages 21-30).Driver, Godfrey. (1953). "Two Astronomical Passages in the Old Testament." (Journal of Theological Studies, New Series, Volume 4, Pages 208-222).Foerster, G[?]. (1987). "Representations of the zodiac in ancient synagogues and their iconographic sources." (Eretz-Israel, Volume 18, Pages 165-181). [Note: Eretz-Israel is the journal of the Israel Exploration Society.] Foerster, G[?]. (1987). "The Zodiac in Ancient Synagogues and its Place in Jewish Thought and Literature." (Eretz-Israel, Volume 19, Pages 225-234).Foster, R[?]. (1885). Some Astronomy in the Book of Job. (The Old Testament Student, Volume 4, Number 8 April, Pages 358-363).Greenfield, J[?]. and Sokoloff, Michael. (1994) "An Astrological Text from Qumran (4Q318) and Reflections on some Zodiacal Names." (Revue de Qumran, Tome 16, Number 64, December, Pages 507-525). Grund, Alexandra. (2002). "'Auf die ganze Erde geht ihre Messschnur aus' - Die Ordnung des Himmels in Ps 19,5a und der babylonische Sternenkatalog BM 78161." (Biblische Notizen, Volume 110, Pages 66-75).Hachlili, Rachel. (1977). "The Zodiac in Ancient Jewish Art: Representation and Significance." (Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, Number 228, December, Pages 61-77).Herberger, Charles. (1987). "Samson Strides the Skies." (Griffith Observer, March, Pages ?-?).Hertz, N[?]. (1913). "The Astral Terms in Job IX 9, and XXXVIII 31-32." (The Journal of Theological Studies, [Old Series] Volume 14, Pages 575-577).Hess, Jean. (1932). "Die Sternbilder in Hiob 9,9 and 38,31 f." In: [Menzel, Theodor. (Editor)?]. Festschrift, George Jacob zum siebzigsten Geburtstag, 26. Mai 1932. (Pages 94-99). Hirsch, Emil. (1901-1906). "Constellations." In: Singer, Isidore. (Managing Editor). The Jewish Encyclopedia. (12 Volumes).Jastow Junior, Morris., Jensen, Peter., Jastrow, Marcus., Blau, Ludwig., Gottheil, Richard., and Jacobs, Joseph. (1901-1906). "Astronomy." In: The Jewish Encyclopedia. (12 Volumes).Lansing, John. (1885). "Pleiades, Orion and Mazzaroth, Job XXXVIII., 31,32." (Hebraica [= The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures], Volume 1, Number 4, April, Pages 236-242).Lelli, F[?]. (2nd revised edition, 1995). Stars. In: van der Toorn, K[?]. et al. (Editors). Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible. (Pages 809-815).Margoliouth, Moses[?]. 1866). "What Did the Ancient Hebrews Know of Astronomy." (The Scattered Nation; Past Present and Future, Volume 1, March 1, Pages 49-53). [Note: The respected scholar Moses Margoliouth was a Jewish Christian and minister in the Church of England. Life dates: 1819-1871. The title of the journal, edited by C. Schwartz is also given as: The Scattered Nation and Jewish Christian Magazine.] Maunder, Edward. (1915; Revised edition 1929, & 1979-1988). "Astronomy." In: Orr, James. (General editor). The International Standard Bible Encyclopaedia. Volume 1. (Pages 300-316).Mesnard, R./H.? (1952). "Les constellations du Livre de Job." (Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, Volume 30, Numbers 1-2, Pages ?-?).Milikowsky, Chaim. (1983). ""Kima" and the Flood in "Seder Olam" and B. T. Rosh Ha-Shana Stellar Time-Reckoning and Uranography in Rabbinic Literature." (Proceedings of the American academy for Jewish Research, Volume 50, 1983, Pages 105-132). [Note: The term Kima is generally identified as referring to the Pleiades.]Pinches, Theophilus. (1906). "The Morning Star in the Gospels." (Journal of the Transactions of the Victoria Institute, Volume 38, Pages ?-?).Quainton, Cecil. (1926). "The Astronomy of the Bible." (The Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, Volume XX, Number 6, July-August, Whole Number 157, Pages 193-197).Sidersky, David. (1931). "La Dsignation Biblique de Certaines Constellations." (Journal Asiatique, Volume MDCCCCXXXI, Pages 354-356). [Note: David Sidersky was a [French?] Chemical Scientist whose hobby was ancient Oriental astronomy, mathematics, and chronology.]Smick, Elmer. (1978). "Another Look at the Mythological Elements in the Book of Job." (Westminster Theological Journal, Volume 40, Number 2, Spring, Pages 213-228).Talbot, Henry. (1872). "On the Mazzaroth of Job xxxviii. 32." (Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, Volume 1, Pages 339-342).Weddel, J[?]. "The Heavens of the Hebrew." (The Hebrew Student, Volume 1, Number 4, July, Pages 65-67). [Note: J. W. Weddell was a minister residing in Chicago, Illinois.]Wolters, Al. (1993). "An Allusion to Libra in Daniel 5." In: Galter, Hannes. and Scholz, Bernhard. (Editors). Die Rolle der Astronomie in den Kulturen Mesopotamiens. (Pages 291-306).Zatelli, Ida. (1991). "Astrology and the Worship of the Stars in in the Bible." (Zeitschrift fr die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft, Band 103, Pages 86-99).

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PersianBooks/Pamphlets:Abegg, Emil. (1928). Der Messiasglaube in Indien und Iran. [Note: Includes discussion of the astronomical context of these beliefs.]Bischoff, Erich. (1906?, 1920). Im Reiche der Gnosis. Die mystischen Lehren des jdischen und christlichen Gnostizismus, des Mandismus und Manichismus und ihr babylonisch - astraler Ursprung.Boyce, Mary. (1975). The History of Zoroastrianism. [Note: This is Volume 1: The Early Period.]MacKenzie, D[?]. (1992). "Constellations." In: Yarshater, Ehsan. (Editor). Encyclopaedia Iranica (Volume VI, Fascicle 2, Pages 147-150). [Note: The author holds a position at the Georg-August-Universitt in Gttingen.]Eilers, Wilhelm. (1967). "Stern-Planet-Regenbogen. Zur Nomenklatur der orientalischen Himmelskunde." In: Hoenerbach, Wilhelm. (Editor). Der Orient in der Forschung. Festschrift fr Otto Spies. (Pages 92-146).Gropp, Harald. (2008). "Mathematics and Astronomy of the Mandaeans." In: Macuch, Rudolf. and Voight, Ranier. (Editors). "Und das Leben ist siegreich!" (Pages 63-70). [Note: A balanced summary of our present state of knowledge.]Henning, Walter (and other contributors). (1962). A Locust's Leg: Studies in Honour of S. H. Taqizadeh.Hertel, Johannes. (1936). Der Planet Venus im Awesta.Jakubiak, Krzysztof. and Soltysiak, Arkadiusz. (2006). "Mesopotamian Influence on Persian Sky-watching and Calendar: Part I. Mithra, Shamash, and Solar Festivals." In: Soltysiak, Arkadiusz. (Editor). Proceedings of the Conference Time and Astronomy in Past Cultures. (Pages 51-62). [Note: Conference on Time and Astronomy in Past Cultures, Toru, March 30 - April 1, 2005. A very interesting paper. Part II was published in the journal Archaeologia Baltica. Both authors belong to the Institute of Archaeology, Warsaw University, Poland.]Khareghat, M[?]. (1914). "The identity of some heavenly bodies mentioned in the Old Iranian writings." In: Modi, Jivanji. (Editor). Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy Madressa Jubilee Volume. (Pages 116-158).Mol, Marijan. (1963). Culte, mythe et cosmologie dans lIran ancient. [Note: Excellent and exhaustive study. The author (a French scholar) had a PhD from the Sorbonne. See the brief (English-language) book review by D. MacKenzie in Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland (New Series), Volume 97, Issue 2, April, 1965, Page 139. Interestingly, Marijan Mole proposed that, at least in ancient times, the crossing of Cinvat Bridge was an initiatory test. (See "Dan, le pont invat et linitiation dans le Mazdisme." Revue de I'Histoire des Religions, Volume 157, 1960, Pages 155-185.) Prior to his death he held a position in Teheran (Departement d'iranologie de lTnstitut franco-iranien).]Panaino, Antonio. (1990). "Tistrya, Part 1: The Avestan hymn to Sirius." (Instituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, Roma [= Serie orientale Roma, Volume 68, Number 1]). [Note: A new translation of the Avestan hymn referencing his differences with previous translations. Approximately 150 pages. The authors two books on Tistrya earned him, in 1998, the "R. et T, Ghirsham" prize from the Acadmie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres of Paris. Antonio Panaino is Full Professor of Iranian Studies at the "Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ravenna."]Panaino, Antonio. (1995). "Tistrya, Part 2: The Iranian myth of the star Sirius." (Instituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, Roma [= Serie orientale Roma, Volume 68, Number 2]). [Note: Supporting references for his translation of the Avestan hymn. Approximately 150 pages. Numerous astronomical references. See the (English-language) book review by Prods Skjrv [Prods Oktor Skjaervo, an Iranian scholar] in Journal of the American Oriental Society, Volume 117, Number 1, January-March, 1995, Pages 215-216.]Scherer, Anton. (1953). Gestirnnamen bei den Indogermanischen Vlkern.Articles/Entries:Beck, Roger. (1999). "The astronomical design of Karakush, a royal burial site in ancient Commagene: an hypothesis." (Culture and Cosmos, Volume 3, Number 1, Pages 10-34). [Note: Proposes three astronomical alignments of columns with three constellations during June. The lion columns with Leo setting after sunset; the eagle columns with Aquila culminating around midnight; and the bull columns with Taurus rising before dawn.]Davis, Jr., George. (1945). "The So-Called Royal Stars of Persia." (Popular Astronomy, Volume LIII, Number 4, April, Whole Number 524, Pages 149-159). [Note: Excellent, informed article.]Duchesne-Guillemin, Jacques. (1986). "Origines iraniennes et babyloniennes de la nomenclature astrale." (Comptes-rendus des sances de l'Acadmie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, Volume 130, Issue 2, Pages 234-250). [Note: Excellent article.]Filliozat, Jean. (1962). "Notes d'Astronomie Ancienne de l'Iran et de l'Inde (I, II et II)." (Journal Asiatique, Tome CCL, Pages 325-350). [Note: See pages 325-332: I. Sur les Constellations Mentionns dans l'AVESTA.]Filliozat, Jean. (1969). "Notes on Ancient Iranian and Indian Astronomy." (Journal of the K.R. Cama Oriental Research Institute, Volume 42, Pages 100-135).Fleet, J[?]. (1911). "Brihaspati and Tishya." (Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, October, Pages 1119-1122). [Note: A discussion of the identification of Tishya.]Hartner, Willy. (1913-1936). "Wega (Vega)." In: Houtsma, Martijn. (Editor). E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936 (Volume 9, Page 1137). [Note: Excellent and informed article.]Henning, Walter. (1942/43). "An Astronomical Chapter of the Bundahishn." (Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Pages 229-248). [Note: The author was an expert on ancient Iran.]Jakubiak, Krzysztof. and Soltysiak, Arkadiusz. (2007?). "Mesopotamian Influence on Persian Sky-watching and Calendar: Part II. Ishtar and Anahita." (Archaeologia Baltica, Volume 10, Pages ?-?). [Note: Abstract: There are a small number of similarities between Ishtar and Anahit, the Persian and Babylonian Venus-goddesses. These similarities may result from cultural diffusion between Persia and Mesopotamia, which was mainly eastwards. We present a comparison of the attributes belonging to both Ishtar and Anahita. This is mainly based on the Mesopotamian sources, since the Persian ones are very meagre. The relationships and influences between the two goddesses are visible in the symbolism of the planet Venus and the constellation Leo, and are associated with autumnal equinox festivals.]Maunder, Annie. (1912/1913). "The Zoroastrian Star-Champions." (The Observatory, Volume 35, November, Pages 393-396, & 438-443; Volume 36, April, Pages 136-141). [Note: Annie Russell (i.e., Annie Maunder) was the second wife of Edward Maunder. She graduated from Cambridge University (Girton College) in 1889 with a BA (Class II). (In 1889 she sat for the Mathematical Tripos and was placed forty-second, which was in the upper half of the Senior Optimes. She meet Edward Maunder whilst working as a "lady computer" at Greenwich Observatory. During the period of her employment there she was attached to the solar department which was under the direction of Edward Maunder. She also undertook night-time observing duties with the astrographic refractor. See the (English-language) obituary by P.J.M. in The Observatory, Volume 67, 1947, Pages 231-232.]Maunder, Annie. (1916). "Iranian migrations before history." (Scientia, Volume 19, Pages 115-124). [Note: Needs to be used with caution.]Maunder, Annie. (1931). "When the snow-white bull with the gilded horns ushers in the year." (Journal of the British Astronomical Association, Volume 41, Pages 127-133). [Note: Needs to be used with caution.]Maunder, Annie. (1931). "The four star champions of Iran." (Journal of the British Astronomical Association, Volume 41, Pages 425-429). [Note: Needs to be used with caution.]Panaino, Antonio. (1986). "Tistrya e la stagione delle plogge." (Acme, Volume XXXIX, Fascicolo I, Gennaio-Aprile, Pages 125-133).Pingree, David. and Brunner, C[?]. (1987). "Astrology and Astronomy in Iran." In: Yarshater, Ehsan. (Editor). Encyclopaedia Iranica (Volume II, Pages 858-871).Panaino, Antonio. (1987). "The Decans in Iranian Astrology." (East and West, Volume 37, Numbers 1-4, December, Pages 131-137).Panaino, Antonio. (1988). "Tistrya e Mithra." (Acme, Volume XLI, Fascicolo III, Settembre-Dicembre, Pages 229-242).Panaino, Antonio. (1995/1996). "Uranographica Iranica II: Avestan hapta.sru- and merezu-: Ursa Minor and the North Pole?." (Archiv fr Orientforschung, Volume XLII/XLIII, Pages 190-207).Panaino, Antonio. (2005). "Titrya." In: Yarshater, Ehsan. (Editor). Encyclopaedia Iranica (Volume ?, Pages ?-?). Pavri, Kursedji (1924-1925). "Astronomy of the Avesta." (Iranian Association Journal, Volume ?, Pages ?-?).Tuman, Vladimir. (1983). "The Cerberus Slab of Hatra may represent Important Astronomical Events." (Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 24, Pages 14-23).Weber, Albrecht. (1888). "ber altirnische Sternnamen." (In: Sitzungsberichte der Berlin Akademie der Wissenschaften). [Note: Also referenced as: Sitzungsberichte - Berlin Akademie der Wissenschaften. Still useful.]

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ArabicBooks/Pamphlets:Beer, Arthur. (1932). "The Astronomical Significance of the Zodiac of Qusayr Amra'." In: Creswell, Keppel. (Editor). Early Muslim Architecture. Volume 1. (Pages 296-303). [Note: See the (English-language) book review by A[?]. P[?]. in Isis, Volume 19, Number 3, September, 1933, Pages 504-506.]Brown, Laurel. (2009). The astronomies of al-Sufi's "Book of the Constellations of the Fixed Stars" [Note: Ph.D. thesis, Columbia University, 387 pages. Life dates: 1976- .]Carey, Moya. (2001). Painting the Stars in a Century of Change. [Note: Excellent. Unpublished PhD thesis on a 13th-century copy of al-Sfi's Treatise on the Fixed Stars in the British Museum (British Library Or.5323).]Casanova, Paul. (1902). "De quelques lgendes astronomiques arabes consires dans leurs rapports avec la mythologie gyptienne." (Bulletin de L'Institut franais d'archologie orientale - La Caire, numro 2, Pages 1-19). [Note: Paul Casanova was Professeur de langue et littrature arabes au College de France.]Davis, Junior., George. (1963). Pronunciations, Derivations, and Meanings of a Selected List of Star Names. [Note: A 1944 journal article reprinted as a pamphlet by Sky Publishing Corporation. Some 180 star names are covered in this essay. Though George Davis was an expert on Arabic star names the essay contains some errors. The pamphlet originally appeared as a journal article in Popular Astronomy, Volume 52, Number 1, January, Pages 8-30. George Davis died on June 4th, 1961.]Ferrand, Gabriel. (1928). Introduction a l'astronomie nautique arabe.Gatto, Katherine. and Bahler, Ingrid. (1997). The Lapidary of King Alfonso X the Learned: A Critical Edition. [Note: This is the first English-language edition of the Lapidario. The manuscript frequently referred to the constellations/stars set out by Ptolemy in his Almagest. See the appendix by Jeffrey La Favre which discusses the astronomy of the Lapidario and identifies the stars mentioned in the Lapidario with modern star names.]Gingerich, Owen. (1987). "Zoomorphic Astrolabes and the Introduction of Arabic Star Names into Europe." In: King, David. and Saliba, George. (Editors). From Deferent to Equant. (Pages 89-104). [Note: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Volume 500, Number 1. Festschrift for Edward Kennedy. An excellent article on the subject of the introduction of Arabic star names into Europe.]Gingrich, Andre. (1994). Sdwestararabische Sternenkalender. (Wiener Beitrge zur Ethnologie und Anthropologie, Band 7). [Note: The publication is a book and gives a comprehensive account of the ethnoastronomy of a specific northern Yemeni tribe. The author is an Austrian anthropologist ]Gousset, Thrse. (1984). "Le Liber de locis stellarum fixarum d'Al-Sufi, ms. 1036 de la Bibliothque de l'Arsenal de Paris: une rattribution." (Arte medievale, Volume 2, Pages 93-108?).Hafez, Ihsan. (2010). Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi and his book of the fixed stars: a journey of re-discovery. [Note: PhD thesis, the first English translation of al-Sufi's star atlas.]Hafez, Ihsan., Stephenson, F[?]., and Orchiston, Wayne. (2011). "bdul-Rahmn al-f and his Book of the Fixed Stars: A Journey of Re-discovery." In: Orchiston, Wayne., Nakamura, Tsuko., and Strom, Richard. (Editors). Highlighting the History of Astronomy in the Asia-Pacific Region. (Pages 121-138). [Note: Proceedings of the ICOA-6 Conference.]Harris, William. and Allen, Frederic. (Editors). (2nd edition, unabridged; 1934). Webster's new international dictionary of the English language. [Note: Recorded Arabic star-names that were believed to be the origin of English star-names.]Higgins, William. (1882). The names of the stars and constellations compiled from the Latin, Greek, and Arabic: with their derivations and meanings. [Note: This is a very small book of 57 pages.]Hobden, Heather. (1999). Ulughbek and his Observatory in Samarkand. [Note: Booklet.]Kennedy, Edward. (1956). A Survey of Islamic Astronomical Tables. [Note: 55 pages.]King, David. (2000)."The Star-Names on Three 14th-Century Astrolabes from Spain, France and Italy." In: Folkerets, Menso. and Lorch, Richard. (2000). SIC ITUR AD ASTRA: Studien zur Geschichte der Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften. (Pages 307-333). [Note: Festschrift fr den Arabisten Paul Kunitzsch zum 70. Geburtstag. The paper by David King discusses, among other things, the pot purri of star-names found on medieval European astrolabes.]Kunitzsch, Paul. (1959). Arabische Sternnamen in Europa. [Note: The best and most reliable study of Western use (i.e., adaptations) of Arabic star names. It critically traces the histories of approximately 210 constellations/star names. For Arabic star names in Western use it should be used in preference to "Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning," by Richard Allen. See the (English-language) book review by H[?]. Hermelink Journal of the American Oriental Society, Volume 81, Number 3, 1961, Pages 309-312; the (German-language) book reviews by Ernst Bannerth in Anthropos, Band 55, 1960, Page 603; by W[?]. Petri in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlndischen Gesellschaft, Band 112, 1962, Pages 407-410; by M[?]. Fleischhammer in Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, Band 57, Heft 9-10, 1962, Columns 511-513; and the (Spanish-language) book review by Juan Vernet in Oriens, Volume 13-14, 1961, Pages 387-388.]Kunitzsch, Paul. (1961). Untersuchungen zur Sternnomenklatur der Araber. [Note: A study of indigenous Arabic constellations and star names. One of the few easily accessible studies. See the (German-language) book reviews by Ernst Bannerth in Anthropos, Band 57, 1962, Page 235; by W[?]. Petri in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlndischen Gesellschaft, Band 112, 1962, Pages 407-410; by M[?]. Fleischhammer in Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, Band 58, 1963, Columns 586-588; (also by ? in Anthropos, Band 73, 1978, Page 272). Also, see the (Spanish-language) book review by Juan Vernet in Oriens, Volume 16, 1963, Page 339.] Kunitzsch, Paul. (1977). "Arabische Sternnamen - Sternnamen der Araber. Zur Begriffsbestimmung." (Sudhoffs Archiv, Band 61, Pages 105-117). [Note: The article title also appears as "Ar