reproductive life planning and the use of postpartum larc

42
Welcome to the Pregnancy Medical Home “First Tuesdays” Webinar: Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid Population Webinar will begin at 7:30am Connect to audio by computer Submit any questions through chat Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

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Page 1: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

Welcome to the Pregnancy Medical

Home ldquoFirst Tuesdaysrdquo Webinar

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population

Webinar will begin at 730am

Connect to audio by computer

Submit any questions through chat

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

NC Preterm Birth Prevention TeleHealth

Network ndash 2014-2016

Partnership

UNC Center for Maternal and Infant Health

UNC School of Medicine Division of Maternal-Fetal

Medicine

Community Care of North Carolinarsquos Pregnancy Medical

Home Program

Statewide initiatives

CLEAR certification for sonographers in cervical length

measurement

Evidence based clinical guidance for OB providers

Pregnancy Medical Home Pathways and related materials

2Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Pregnancy Medical Home

The Pregnancy Medical Home (PMH) program is a

statewide model to improve quality of care improve

outcomes and reduce health care costs in the

pregnant Medicaid population

Primary focus is on preterm birth prevention

Fundingoversight from NC Division of Medical Assistance

(Medicaid) operated by Community Care of North Carolina

a private non-profit population management organization

CCNC has 14 networks and a central office in Raleigh

ldquoOB teamsrdquo in each networkcentral office include physician

champions and nurse coordinators

1700 maternity providers in 380 practices

57000 ldquonon-Emergencyrdquo Medicaid deliveriesyear in NC3

PMH Care Pathways

PMH physician leadership from across the state (network

OB Champions) collaborate to create clinical guidance

for maternity providers

Evidence-based guidance to promote best practices

improve quality and improve outcomes

4

PMH Care

Pathways

shared on

PMH webpage

on CCNCrsquos

website

PMH Care Pathways

Currently available PMH Care Pathways

Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

Induction of Labor in Nulliparous Patients

Perinatal Tobacco Use

Postpartum Care and the Transition to Well Woman Care

Preterm Birth Prevention Treatment with Progesterone and Cervical

Ultrasound Screening

Substance Use in Pregnancy

Coming Soon

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population

httpswwwcommunitycarencorgpopulation-managementpregnancy-

homepmh-pathways

5

Pregnancy Medical Home

ldquoFirst Tuesdaysrdquo Webinar Series

Previous Webinars

Management of Perinatal Tobacco Use

Postpartum Care and the Transition to Well Woman Care

Management of Substance Use in Pregnancy

Todayrsquos sessionReproductive Life Planning and Postpartum LARC in the

Medicaid Population

Upcoming Webinars October 6 Progesterone and Management of Patients with History of

Spontaneous Preterm Birth

November 3 Assessing Cervical Length and Management of Patients with

Short Cervix

December 1 Management of Obesity in the Perinatal Period

6Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the

Medicaid Population

Matt Zerden MD MPHOBGYN Hospitalist at WakeMed Hospitals

Clinical Assistant Professor Division of Family Planning

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology UNC School of Medicine

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway Team

Kate Berrien RN BSN MS

Jessica Phipps MPH

M Kathryn Menard MD MPH

Isa Cheren MD

Velma V Taormina MD FACOG

Matthew Zerden MD MPH

8

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway

Introduction

Pathway amp Goals

Specifics on each

LARC method

Breastfeeding

Reproductive life

planning

Logistics amp

financing

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 9

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 10

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 11

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 12

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 13

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

14

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

relationship

Expanded insurance coverage

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 15

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Opportunity for effective contraception

LARC

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

Expanded insurance coverage

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 16

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 17

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Short interpregnancy intervals 13 births

Poor health outcomes for mother amp baby

LARC first line contraception ACOG amp AAP

Few contra-indications

Immediate postpartum LARC a new opportunity

Challenges

Reimbursement

Training

Hospital participation

Conde-Agudelo 2006 ACOG Comm Opinion18

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway Goals

Facilitate LARC insertion in the postpartum

Partnership between patients amp providers

Evidence-based resource for providers

Immediately after delivery

As early as possible in the clinic

Reduce unintended pregnancies

Support breastfeeding

Maintain high levels of patient satisfaction

19Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Flowchart

20

1No restriction for the use of the contraceptive method

for a woman with that condition

2Advantages of using the method generally outweigh

the theoretical or proven risks

3

Theoretical or proven risks of the method usually

outweigh the advantages ndash not usually recommended

unless more appropriate methods are not available or

acceptable

4Unacceptable health risk if the contraceptive method

is used by a woman with that condition

CDCrsquos Medical Eligibility

Criteria (MEC)

httpwwwcdcgovmmwrpdfrrrr5904pdf

21Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

22

CDC MEC Free app

23Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

24Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

When

Immediate postpartum(lt 10 min after vaginal delivery )

Early postpartum (lt48 hrs after vaginal delivery)

Intracesarean

2-3 weeks postpartum (investigational)

4-6 weeks postpartum (standard)

Dr Paul Blumenthal httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ 25

IUDs in the postpartum Immediate

post-placental vaginal delivery

Within 10 min of placenta delivery

Expulsion rates vary (10-38)

High-risk patients 50 no show

Similar user rates at 6 months

High patient acceptability

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Dahlke 2011 Chen 2010 Stuart 2014 Lopez 201526

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Early postpartum vaginal delivery

Different than immediate post-placental

lt 48 hours postpartum morning after delivery

Higher expulsion rates 5-70

Copper IUD less expulsion than LNG-IUS

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Increased role internationally

Dahlke 2011 Stuart 2012 Stuart2014 Lopez 201527

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Intracesarean

Post-placental at time of cesarean delivery

Expulsion rate lower than vaginal insertion

Requires minimal training

Challenges

String visibility in office

Reimbursement

Logistics

Levi 2015 Lester 201528

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

2-3 weeks postpartum

Uterus 66 involuted day 14 postpartum

Pregnancy is physiologically impossible

Benefit of a 2 week postpartum visit

Convenience for mom

Combining pediatric amp maternal visits

Ongoing studies to investigate expulsion amp patient

satisfaction

Uncertain role of ultrasound

Belachew 2012 Speroff 200829

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

6 weeks postpartum

Standard protocol for most providers 6 weeks

Problems

Ovulation in those not exclusively breast feeding

Resumption of intercourse

Poor adherence to 6-week visit among high-risk

2 visit protocols

Potential solution 4 week visit with same day

insertion

CDC 2010 Stuart 2014 Teal 2015 Zerden 2015 30

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC

Contraceptive Implant Nexplanon

CDC MEC Non-breastfeeding = 1

Breastfeeding = 2

RCT No difference in breastfeeding when placed 1-3 days

vs 4-8 weeks postpartum

Challenges

Reimbursement

Hospital participation

Gurtcheff 2011 31

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations

Integrate into prenatal care

ACOG AAP 6 months exclusive 12 months continuation

Infant benefits reductions

Infectious risk (GI otitis media respiratory infections) chronic diseases (obesity autoimmune conditions including asthma and diabetes mellitus type I) infant mortality from SIDS

Maternal benefits reductions

Breast amp ovarian cancer risk diabetes mellitus type II hypertension hyperlipidemia amp cardiovascular diseases

Stuebe 201032

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations LARC

Copper IUD (ParaGard) No concerns

Levonorgestrel IUD

Small systemic progesterone levels

Limited evidence reduction in breastfeeding

Now with 3 available types in the US

Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon)

Higher systemic progesterone levels

Best evidence no change in breastfeeding

Chen 2011 Gurtcheff 2011 33

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 2: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

NC Preterm Birth Prevention TeleHealth

Network ndash 2014-2016

Partnership

UNC Center for Maternal and Infant Health

UNC School of Medicine Division of Maternal-Fetal

Medicine

Community Care of North Carolinarsquos Pregnancy Medical

Home Program

Statewide initiatives

CLEAR certification for sonographers in cervical length

measurement

Evidence based clinical guidance for OB providers

Pregnancy Medical Home Pathways and related materials

2Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Pregnancy Medical Home

The Pregnancy Medical Home (PMH) program is a

statewide model to improve quality of care improve

outcomes and reduce health care costs in the

pregnant Medicaid population

Primary focus is on preterm birth prevention

Fundingoversight from NC Division of Medical Assistance

(Medicaid) operated by Community Care of North Carolina

a private non-profit population management organization

CCNC has 14 networks and a central office in Raleigh

ldquoOB teamsrdquo in each networkcentral office include physician

champions and nurse coordinators

1700 maternity providers in 380 practices

57000 ldquonon-Emergencyrdquo Medicaid deliveriesyear in NC3

PMH Care Pathways

PMH physician leadership from across the state (network

OB Champions) collaborate to create clinical guidance

for maternity providers

Evidence-based guidance to promote best practices

improve quality and improve outcomes

4

PMH Care

Pathways

shared on

PMH webpage

on CCNCrsquos

website

PMH Care Pathways

Currently available PMH Care Pathways

Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

Induction of Labor in Nulliparous Patients

Perinatal Tobacco Use

Postpartum Care and the Transition to Well Woman Care

Preterm Birth Prevention Treatment with Progesterone and Cervical

Ultrasound Screening

Substance Use in Pregnancy

Coming Soon

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population

httpswwwcommunitycarencorgpopulation-managementpregnancy-

homepmh-pathways

5

Pregnancy Medical Home

ldquoFirst Tuesdaysrdquo Webinar Series

Previous Webinars

Management of Perinatal Tobacco Use

Postpartum Care and the Transition to Well Woman Care

Management of Substance Use in Pregnancy

Todayrsquos sessionReproductive Life Planning and Postpartum LARC in the

Medicaid Population

Upcoming Webinars October 6 Progesterone and Management of Patients with History of

Spontaneous Preterm Birth

November 3 Assessing Cervical Length and Management of Patients with

Short Cervix

December 1 Management of Obesity in the Perinatal Period

6Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the

Medicaid Population

Matt Zerden MD MPHOBGYN Hospitalist at WakeMed Hospitals

Clinical Assistant Professor Division of Family Planning

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology UNC School of Medicine

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway Team

Kate Berrien RN BSN MS

Jessica Phipps MPH

M Kathryn Menard MD MPH

Isa Cheren MD

Velma V Taormina MD FACOG

Matthew Zerden MD MPH

8

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway

Introduction

Pathway amp Goals

Specifics on each

LARC method

Breastfeeding

Reproductive life

planning

Logistics amp

financing

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 9

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 10

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 11

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 12

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 13

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

14

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

relationship

Expanded insurance coverage

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 15

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Opportunity for effective contraception

LARC

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

Expanded insurance coverage

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 16

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 17

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Short interpregnancy intervals 13 births

Poor health outcomes for mother amp baby

LARC first line contraception ACOG amp AAP

Few contra-indications

Immediate postpartum LARC a new opportunity

Challenges

Reimbursement

Training

Hospital participation

Conde-Agudelo 2006 ACOG Comm Opinion18

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway Goals

Facilitate LARC insertion in the postpartum

Partnership between patients amp providers

Evidence-based resource for providers

Immediately after delivery

As early as possible in the clinic

Reduce unintended pregnancies

Support breastfeeding

Maintain high levels of patient satisfaction

19Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Flowchart

20

1No restriction for the use of the contraceptive method

for a woman with that condition

2Advantages of using the method generally outweigh

the theoretical or proven risks

3

Theoretical or proven risks of the method usually

outweigh the advantages ndash not usually recommended

unless more appropriate methods are not available or

acceptable

4Unacceptable health risk if the contraceptive method

is used by a woman with that condition

CDCrsquos Medical Eligibility

Criteria (MEC)

httpwwwcdcgovmmwrpdfrrrr5904pdf

21Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

22

CDC MEC Free app

23Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

24Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

When

Immediate postpartum(lt 10 min after vaginal delivery )

Early postpartum (lt48 hrs after vaginal delivery)

Intracesarean

2-3 weeks postpartum (investigational)

4-6 weeks postpartum (standard)

Dr Paul Blumenthal httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ 25

IUDs in the postpartum Immediate

post-placental vaginal delivery

Within 10 min of placenta delivery

Expulsion rates vary (10-38)

High-risk patients 50 no show

Similar user rates at 6 months

High patient acceptability

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Dahlke 2011 Chen 2010 Stuart 2014 Lopez 201526

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Early postpartum vaginal delivery

Different than immediate post-placental

lt 48 hours postpartum morning after delivery

Higher expulsion rates 5-70

Copper IUD less expulsion than LNG-IUS

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Increased role internationally

Dahlke 2011 Stuart 2012 Stuart2014 Lopez 201527

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Intracesarean

Post-placental at time of cesarean delivery

Expulsion rate lower than vaginal insertion

Requires minimal training

Challenges

String visibility in office

Reimbursement

Logistics

Levi 2015 Lester 201528

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

2-3 weeks postpartum

Uterus 66 involuted day 14 postpartum

Pregnancy is physiologically impossible

Benefit of a 2 week postpartum visit

Convenience for mom

Combining pediatric amp maternal visits

Ongoing studies to investigate expulsion amp patient

satisfaction

Uncertain role of ultrasound

Belachew 2012 Speroff 200829

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

6 weeks postpartum

Standard protocol for most providers 6 weeks

Problems

Ovulation in those not exclusively breast feeding

Resumption of intercourse

Poor adherence to 6-week visit among high-risk

2 visit protocols

Potential solution 4 week visit with same day

insertion

CDC 2010 Stuart 2014 Teal 2015 Zerden 2015 30

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC

Contraceptive Implant Nexplanon

CDC MEC Non-breastfeeding = 1

Breastfeeding = 2

RCT No difference in breastfeeding when placed 1-3 days

vs 4-8 weeks postpartum

Challenges

Reimbursement

Hospital participation

Gurtcheff 2011 31

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations

Integrate into prenatal care

ACOG AAP 6 months exclusive 12 months continuation

Infant benefits reductions

Infectious risk (GI otitis media respiratory infections) chronic diseases (obesity autoimmune conditions including asthma and diabetes mellitus type I) infant mortality from SIDS

Maternal benefits reductions

Breast amp ovarian cancer risk diabetes mellitus type II hypertension hyperlipidemia amp cardiovascular diseases

Stuebe 201032

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations LARC

Copper IUD (ParaGard) No concerns

Levonorgestrel IUD

Small systemic progesterone levels

Limited evidence reduction in breastfeeding

Now with 3 available types in the US

Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon)

Higher systemic progesterone levels

Best evidence no change in breastfeeding

Chen 2011 Gurtcheff 2011 33

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 3: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

Pregnancy Medical Home

The Pregnancy Medical Home (PMH) program is a

statewide model to improve quality of care improve

outcomes and reduce health care costs in the

pregnant Medicaid population

Primary focus is on preterm birth prevention

Fundingoversight from NC Division of Medical Assistance

(Medicaid) operated by Community Care of North Carolina

a private non-profit population management organization

CCNC has 14 networks and a central office in Raleigh

ldquoOB teamsrdquo in each networkcentral office include physician

champions and nurse coordinators

1700 maternity providers in 380 practices

57000 ldquonon-Emergencyrdquo Medicaid deliveriesyear in NC3

PMH Care Pathways

PMH physician leadership from across the state (network

OB Champions) collaborate to create clinical guidance

for maternity providers

Evidence-based guidance to promote best practices

improve quality and improve outcomes

4

PMH Care

Pathways

shared on

PMH webpage

on CCNCrsquos

website

PMH Care Pathways

Currently available PMH Care Pathways

Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

Induction of Labor in Nulliparous Patients

Perinatal Tobacco Use

Postpartum Care and the Transition to Well Woman Care

Preterm Birth Prevention Treatment with Progesterone and Cervical

Ultrasound Screening

Substance Use in Pregnancy

Coming Soon

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population

httpswwwcommunitycarencorgpopulation-managementpregnancy-

homepmh-pathways

5

Pregnancy Medical Home

ldquoFirst Tuesdaysrdquo Webinar Series

Previous Webinars

Management of Perinatal Tobacco Use

Postpartum Care and the Transition to Well Woman Care

Management of Substance Use in Pregnancy

Todayrsquos sessionReproductive Life Planning and Postpartum LARC in the

Medicaid Population

Upcoming Webinars October 6 Progesterone and Management of Patients with History of

Spontaneous Preterm Birth

November 3 Assessing Cervical Length and Management of Patients with

Short Cervix

December 1 Management of Obesity in the Perinatal Period

6Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the

Medicaid Population

Matt Zerden MD MPHOBGYN Hospitalist at WakeMed Hospitals

Clinical Assistant Professor Division of Family Planning

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology UNC School of Medicine

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway Team

Kate Berrien RN BSN MS

Jessica Phipps MPH

M Kathryn Menard MD MPH

Isa Cheren MD

Velma V Taormina MD FACOG

Matthew Zerden MD MPH

8

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway

Introduction

Pathway amp Goals

Specifics on each

LARC method

Breastfeeding

Reproductive life

planning

Logistics amp

financing

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 9

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 10

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 11

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 12

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 13

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

14

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

relationship

Expanded insurance coverage

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 15

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Opportunity for effective contraception

LARC

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

Expanded insurance coverage

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 16

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 17

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Short interpregnancy intervals 13 births

Poor health outcomes for mother amp baby

LARC first line contraception ACOG amp AAP

Few contra-indications

Immediate postpartum LARC a new opportunity

Challenges

Reimbursement

Training

Hospital participation

Conde-Agudelo 2006 ACOG Comm Opinion18

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway Goals

Facilitate LARC insertion in the postpartum

Partnership between patients amp providers

Evidence-based resource for providers

Immediately after delivery

As early as possible in the clinic

Reduce unintended pregnancies

Support breastfeeding

Maintain high levels of patient satisfaction

19Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Flowchart

20

1No restriction for the use of the contraceptive method

for a woman with that condition

2Advantages of using the method generally outweigh

the theoretical or proven risks

3

Theoretical or proven risks of the method usually

outweigh the advantages ndash not usually recommended

unless more appropriate methods are not available or

acceptable

4Unacceptable health risk if the contraceptive method

is used by a woman with that condition

CDCrsquos Medical Eligibility

Criteria (MEC)

httpwwwcdcgovmmwrpdfrrrr5904pdf

21Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

22

CDC MEC Free app

23Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

24Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

When

Immediate postpartum(lt 10 min after vaginal delivery )

Early postpartum (lt48 hrs after vaginal delivery)

Intracesarean

2-3 weeks postpartum (investigational)

4-6 weeks postpartum (standard)

Dr Paul Blumenthal httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ 25

IUDs in the postpartum Immediate

post-placental vaginal delivery

Within 10 min of placenta delivery

Expulsion rates vary (10-38)

High-risk patients 50 no show

Similar user rates at 6 months

High patient acceptability

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Dahlke 2011 Chen 2010 Stuart 2014 Lopez 201526

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Early postpartum vaginal delivery

Different than immediate post-placental

lt 48 hours postpartum morning after delivery

Higher expulsion rates 5-70

Copper IUD less expulsion than LNG-IUS

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Increased role internationally

Dahlke 2011 Stuart 2012 Stuart2014 Lopez 201527

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Intracesarean

Post-placental at time of cesarean delivery

Expulsion rate lower than vaginal insertion

Requires minimal training

Challenges

String visibility in office

Reimbursement

Logistics

Levi 2015 Lester 201528

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

2-3 weeks postpartum

Uterus 66 involuted day 14 postpartum

Pregnancy is physiologically impossible

Benefit of a 2 week postpartum visit

Convenience for mom

Combining pediatric amp maternal visits

Ongoing studies to investigate expulsion amp patient

satisfaction

Uncertain role of ultrasound

Belachew 2012 Speroff 200829

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

6 weeks postpartum

Standard protocol for most providers 6 weeks

Problems

Ovulation in those not exclusively breast feeding

Resumption of intercourse

Poor adherence to 6-week visit among high-risk

2 visit protocols

Potential solution 4 week visit with same day

insertion

CDC 2010 Stuart 2014 Teal 2015 Zerden 2015 30

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC

Contraceptive Implant Nexplanon

CDC MEC Non-breastfeeding = 1

Breastfeeding = 2

RCT No difference in breastfeeding when placed 1-3 days

vs 4-8 weeks postpartum

Challenges

Reimbursement

Hospital participation

Gurtcheff 2011 31

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations

Integrate into prenatal care

ACOG AAP 6 months exclusive 12 months continuation

Infant benefits reductions

Infectious risk (GI otitis media respiratory infections) chronic diseases (obesity autoimmune conditions including asthma and diabetes mellitus type I) infant mortality from SIDS

Maternal benefits reductions

Breast amp ovarian cancer risk diabetes mellitus type II hypertension hyperlipidemia amp cardiovascular diseases

Stuebe 201032

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations LARC

Copper IUD (ParaGard) No concerns

Levonorgestrel IUD

Small systemic progesterone levels

Limited evidence reduction in breastfeeding

Now with 3 available types in the US

Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon)

Higher systemic progesterone levels

Best evidence no change in breastfeeding

Chen 2011 Gurtcheff 2011 33

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 4: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

PMH Care Pathways

PMH physician leadership from across the state (network

OB Champions) collaborate to create clinical guidance

for maternity providers

Evidence-based guidance to promote best practices

improve quality and improve outcomes

4

PMH Care

Pathways

shared on

PMH webpage

on CCNCrsquos

website

PMH Care Pathways

Currently available PMH Care Pathways

Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

Induction of Labor in Nulliparous Patients

Perinatal Tobacco Use

Postpartum Care and the Transition to Well Woman Care

Preterm Birth Prevention Treatment with Progesterone and Cervical

Ultrasound Screening

Substance Use in Pregnancy

Coming Soon

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population

httpswwwcommunitycarencorgpopulation-managementpregnancy-

homepmh-pathways

5

Pregnancy Medical Home

ldquoFirst Tuesdaysrdquo Webinar Series

Previous Webinars

Management of Perinatal Tobacco Use

Postpartum Care and the Transition to Well Woman Care

Management of Substance Use in Pregnancy

Todayrsquos sessionReproductive Life Planning and Postpartum LARC in the

Medicaid Population

Upcoming Webinars October 6 Progesterone and Management of Patients with History of

Spontaneous Preterm Birth

November 3 Assessing Cervical Length and Management of Patients with

Short Cervix

December 1 Management of Obesity in the Perinatal Period

6Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the

Medicaid Population

Matt Zerden MD MPHOBGYN Hospitalist at WakeMed Hospitals

Clinical Assistant Professor Division of Family Planning

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology UNC School of Medicine

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway Team

Kate Berrien RN BSN MS

Jessica Phipps MPH

M Kathryn Menard MD MPH

Isa Cheren MD

Velma V Taormina MD FACOG

Matthew Zerden MD MPH

8

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway

Introduction

Pathway amp Goals

Specifics on each

LARC method

Breastfeeding

Reproductive life

planning

Logistics amp

financing

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 9

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 10

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 11

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 12

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 13

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

14

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

relationship

Expanded insurance coverage

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 15

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Opportunity for effective contraception

LARC

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

Expanded insurance coverage

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 16

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 17

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Short interpregnancy intervals 13 births

Poor health outcomes for mother amp baby

LARC first line contraception ACOG amp AAP

Few contra-indications

Immediate postpartum LARC a new opportunity

Challenges

Reimbursement

Training

Hospital participation

Conde-Agudelo 2006 ACOG Comm Opinion18

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway Goals

Facilitate LARC insertion in the postpartum

Partnership between patients amp providers

Evidence-based resource for providers

Immediately after delivery

As early as possible in the clinic

Reduce unintended pregnancies

Support breastfeeding

Maintain high levels of patient satisfaction

19Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Flowchart

20

1No restriction for the use of the contraceptive method

for a woman with that condition

2Advantages of using the method generally outweigh

the theoretical or proven risks

3

Theoretical or proven risks of the method usually

outweigh the advantages ndash not usually recommended

unless more appropriate methods are not available or

acceptable

4Unacceptable health risk if the contraceptive method

is used by a woman with that condition

CDCrsquos Medical Eligibility

Criteria (MEC)

httpwwwcdcgovmmwrpdfrrrr5904pdf

21Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

22

CDC MEC Free app

23Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

24Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

When

Immediate postpartum(lt 10 min after vaginal delivery )

Early postpartum (lt48 hrs after vaginal delivery)

Intracesarean

2-3 weeks postpartum (investigational)

4-6 weeks postpartum (standard)

Dr Paul Blumenthal httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ 25

IUDs in the postpartum Immediate

post-placental vaginal delivery

Within 10 min of placenta delivery

Expulsion rates vary (10-38)

High-risk patients 50 no show

Similar user rates at 6 months

High patient acceptability

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Dahlke 2011 Chen 2010 Stuart 2014 Lopez 201526

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Early postpartum vaginal delivery

Different than immediate post-placental

lt 48 hours postpartum morning after delivery

Higher expulsion rates 5-70

Copper IUD less expulsion than LNG-IUS

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Increased role internationally

Dahlke 2011 Stuart 2012 Stuart2014 Lopez 201527

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Intracesarean

Post-placental at time of cesarean delivery

Expulsion rate lower than vaginal insertion

Requires minimal training

Challenges

String visibility in office

Reimbursement

Logistics

Levi 2015 Lester 201528

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

2-3 weeks postpartum

Uterus 66 involuted day 14 postpartum

Pregnancy is physiologically impossible

Benefit of a 2 week postpartum visit

Convenience for mom

Combining pediatric amp maternal visits

Ongoing studies to investigate expulsion amp patient

satisfaction

Uncertain role of ultrasound

Belachew 2012 Speroff 200829

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

6 weeks postpartum

Standard protocol for most providers 6 weeks

Problems

Ovulation in those not exclusively breast feeding

Resumption of intercourse

Poor adherence to 6-week visit among high-risk

2 visit protocols

Potential solution 4 week visit with same day

insertion

CDC 2010 Stuart 2014 Teal 2015 Zerden 2015 30

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC

Contraceptive Implant Nexplanon

CDC MEC Non-breastfeeding = 1

Breastfeeding = 2

RCT No difference in breastfeeding when placed 1-3 days

vs 4-8 weeks postpartum

Challenges

Reimbursement

Hospital participation

Gurtcheff 2011 31

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations

Integrate into prenatal care

ACOG AAP 6 months exclusive 12 months continuation

Infant benefits reductions

Infectious risk (GI otitis media respiratory infections) chronic diseases (obesity autoimmune conditions including asthma and diabetes mellitus type I) infant mortality from SIDS

Maternal benefits reductions

Breast amp ovarian cancer risk diabetes mellitus type II hypertension hyperlipidemia amp cardiovascular diseases

Stuebe 201032

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations LARC

Copper IUD (ParaGard) No concerns

Levonorgestrel IUD

Small systemic progesterone levels

Limited evidence reduction in breastfeeding

Now with 3 available types in the US

Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon)

Higher systemic progesterone levels

Best evidence no change in breastfeeding

Chen 2011 Gurtcheff 2011 33

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 5: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

PMH Care Pathways

Currently available PMH Care Pathways

Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

Induction of Labor in Nulliparous Patients

Perinatal Tobacco Use

Postpartum Care and the Transition to Well Woman Care

Preterm Birth Prevention Treatment with Progesterone and Cervical

Ultrasound Screening

Substance Use in Pregnancy

Coming Soon

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population

httpswwwcommunitycarencorgpopulation-managementpregnancy-

homepmh-pathways

5

Pregnancy Medical Home

ldquoFirst Tuesdaysrdquo Webinar Series

Previous Webinars

Management of Perinatal Tobacco Use

Postpartum Care and the Transition to Well Woman Care

Management of Substance Use in Pregnancy

Todayrsquos sessionReproductive Life Planning and Postpartum LARC in the

Medicaid Population

Upcoming Webinars October 6 Progesterone and Management of Patients with History of

Spontaneous Preterm Birth

November 3 Assessing Cervical Length and Management of Patients with

Short Cervix

December 1 Management of Obesity in the Perinatal Period

6Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the

Medicaid Population

Matt Zerden MD MPHOBGYN Hospitalist at WakeMed Hospitals

Clinical Assistant Professor Division of Family Planning

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology UNC School of Medicine

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway Team

Kate Berrien RN BSN MS

Jessica Phipps MPH

M Kathryn Menard MD MPH

Isa Cheren MD

Velma V Taormina MD FACOG

Matthew Zerden MD MPH

8

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway

Introduction

Pathway amp Goals

Specifics on each

LARC method

Breastfeeding

Reproductive life

planning

Logistics amp

financing

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 9

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 10

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 11

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 12

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 13

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

14

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

relationship

Expanded insurance coverage

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 15

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Opportunity for effective contraception

LARC

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

Expanded insurance coverage

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 16

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 17

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Short interpregnancy intervals 13 births

Poor health outcomes for mother amp baby

LARC first line contraception ACOG amp AAP

Few contra-indications

Immediate postpartum LARC a new opportunity

Challenges

Reimbursement

Training

Hospital participation

Conde-Agudelo 2006 ACOG Comm Opinion18

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway Goals

Facilitate LARC insertion in the postpartum

Partnership between patients amp providers

Evidence-based resource for providers

Immediately after delivery

As early as possible in the clinic

Reduce unintended pregnancies

Support breastfeeding

Maintain high levels of patient satisfaction

19Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Flowchart

20

1No restriction for the use of the contraceptive method

for a woman with that condition

2Advantages of using the method generally outweigh

the theoretical or proven risks

3

Theoretical or proven risks of the method usually

outweigh the advantages ndash not usually recommended

unless more appropriate methods are not available or

acceptable

4Unacceptable health risk if the contraceptive method

is used by a woman with that condition

CDCrsquos Medical Eligibility

Criteria (MEC)

httpwwwcdcgovmmwrpdfrrrr5904pdf

21Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

22

CDC MEC Free app

23Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

24Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

When

Immediate postpartum(lt 10 min after vaginal delivery )

Early postpartum (lt48 hrs after vaginal delivery)

Intracesarean

2-3 weeks postpartum (investigational)

4-6 weeks postpartum (standard)

Dr Paul Blumenthal httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ 25

IUDs in the postpartum Immediate

post-placental vaginal delivery

Within 10 min of placenta delivery

Expulsion rates vary (10-38)

High-risk patients 50 no show

Similar user rates at 6 months

High patient acceptability

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Dahlke 2011 Chen 2010 Stuart 2014 Lopez 201526

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Early postpartum vaginal delivery

Different than immediate post-placental

lt 48 hours postpartum morning after delivery

Higher expulsion rates 5-70

Copper IUD less expulsion than LNG-IUS

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Increased role internationally

Dahlke 2011 Stuart 2012 Stuart2014 Lopez 201527

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Intracesarean

Post-placental at time of cesarean delivery

Expulsion rate lower than vaginal insertion

Requires minimal training

Challenges

String visibility in office

Reimbursement

Logistics

Levi 2015 Lester 201528

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

2-3 weeks postpartum

Uterus 66 involuted day 14 postpartum

Pregnancy is physiologically impossible

Benefit of a 2 week postpartum visit

Convenience for mom

Combining pediatric amp maternal visits

Ongoing studies to investigate expulsion amp patient

satisfaction

Uncertain role of ultrasound

Belachew 2012 Speroff 200829

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

6 weeks postpartum

Standard protocol for most providers 6 weeks

Problems

Ovulation in those not exclusively breast feeding

Resumption of intercourse

Poor adherence to 6-week visit among high-risk

2 visit protocols

Potential solution 4 week visit with same day

insertion

CDC 2010 Stuart 2014 Teal 2015 Zerden 2015 30

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC

Contraceptive Implant Nexplanon

CDC MEC Non-breastfeeding = 1

Breastfeeding = 2

RCT No difference in breastfeeding when placed 1-3 days

vs 4-8 weeks postpartum

Challenges

Reimbursement

Hospital participation

Gurtcheff 2011 31

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations

Integrate into prenatal care

ACOG AAP 6 months exclusive 12 months continuation

Infant benefits reductions

Infectious risk (GI otitis media respiratory infections) chronic diseases (obesity autoimmune conditions including asthma and diabetes mellitus type I) infant mortality from SIDS

Maternal benefits reductions

Breast amp ovarian cancer risk diabetes mellitus type II hypertension hyperlipidemia amp cardiovascular diseases

Stuebe 201032

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations LARC

Copper IUD (ParaGard) No concerns

Levonorgestrel IUD

Small systemic progesterone levels

Limited evidence reduction in breastfeeding

Now with 3 available types in the US

Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon)

Higher systemic progesterone levels

Best evidence no change in breastfeeding

Chen 2011 Gurtcheff 2011 33

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 6: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

Pregnancy Medical Home

ldquoFirst Tuesdaysrdquo Webinar Series

Previous Webinars

Management of Perinatal Tobacco Use

Postpartum Care and the Transition to Well Woman Care

Management of Substance Use in Pregnancy

Todayrsquos sessionReproductive Life Planning and Postpartum LARC in the

Medicaid Population

Upcoming Webinars October 6 Progesterone and Management of Patients with History of

Spontaneous Preterm Birth

November 3 Assessing Cervical Length and Management of Patients with

Short Cervix

December 1 Management of Obesity in the Perinatal Period

6Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the

Medicaid Population

Matt Zerden MD MPHOBGYN Hospitalist at WakeMed Hospitals

Clinical Assistant Professor Division of Family Planning

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology UNC School of Medicine

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway Team

Kate Berrien RN BSN MS

Jessica Phipps MPH

M Kathryn Menard MD MPH

Isa Cheren MD

Velma V Taormina MD FACOG

Matthew Zerden MD MPH

8

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway

Introduction

Pathway amp Goals

Specifics on each

LARC method

Breastfeeding

Reproductive life

planning

Logistics amp

financing

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 9

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 10

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 11

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 12

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 13

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

14

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

relationship

Expanded insurance coverage

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 15

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Opportunity for effective contraception

LARC

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

Expanded insurance coverage

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 16

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 17

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Short interpregnancy intervals 13 births

Poor health outcomes for mother amp baby

LARC first line contraception ACOG amp AAP

Few contra-indications

Immediate postpartum LARC a new opportunity

Challenges

Reimbursement

Training

Hospital participation

Conde-Agudelo 2006 ACOG Comm Opinion18

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway Goals

Facilitate LARC insertion in the postpartum

Partnership between patients amp providers

Evidence-based resource for providers

Immediately after delivery

As early as possible in the clinic

Reduce unintended pregnancies

Support breastfeeding

Maintain high levels of patient satisfaction

19Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Flowchart

20

1No restriction for the use of the contraceptive method

for a woman with that condition

2Advantages of using the method generally outweigh

the theoretical or proven risks

3

Theoretical or proven risks of the method usually

outweigh the advantages ndash not usually recommended

unless more appropriate methods are not available or

acceptable

4Unacceptable health risk if the contraceptive method

is used by a woman with that condition

CDCrsquos Medical Eligibility

Criteria (MEC)

httpwwwcdcgovmmwrpdfrrrr5904pdf

21Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

22

CDC MEC Free app

23Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

24Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

When

Immediate postpartum(lt 10 min after vaginal delivery )

Early postpartum (lt48 hrs after vaginal delivery)

Intracesarean

2-3 weeks postpartum (investigational)

4-6 weeks postpartum (standard)

Dr Paul Blumenthal httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ 25

IUDs in the postpartum Immediate

post-placental vaginal delivery

Within 10 min of placenta delivery

Expulsion rates vary (10-38)

High-risk patients 50 no show

Similar user rates at 6 months

High patient acceptability

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Dahlke 2011 Chen 2010 Stuart 2014 Lopez 201526

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Early postpartum vaginal delivery

Different than immediate post-placental

lt 48 hours postpartum morning after delivery

Higher expulsion rates 5-70

Copper IUD less expulsion than LNG-IUS

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Increased role internationally

Dahlke 2011 Stuart 2012 Stuart2014 Lopez 201527

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Intracesarean

Post-placental at time of cesarean delivery

Expulsion rate lower than vaginal insertion

Requires minimal training

Challenges

String visibility in office

Reimbursement

Logistics

Levi 2015 Lester 201528

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

2-3 weeks postpartum

Uterus 66 involuted day 14 postpartum

Pregnancy is physiologically impossible

Benefit of a 2 week postpartum visit

Convenience for mom

Combining pediatric amp maternal visits

Ongoing studies to investigate expulsion amp patient

satisfaction

Uncertain role of ultrasound

Belachew 2012 Speroff 200829

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

6 weeks postpartum

Standard protocol for most providers 6 weeks

Problems

Ovulation in those not exclusively breast feeding

Resumption of intercourse

Poor adherence to 6-week visit among high-risk

2 visit protocols

Potential solution 4 week visit with same day

insertion

CDC 2010 Stuart 2014 Teal 2015 Zerden 2015 30

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC

Contraceptive Implant Nexplanon

CDC MEC Non-breastfeeding = 1

Breastfeeding = 2

RCT No difference in breastfeeding when placed 1-3 days

vs 4-8 weeks postpartum

Challenges

Reimbursement

Hospital participation

Gurtcheff 2011 31

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations

Integrate into prenatal care

ACOG AAP 6 months exclusive 12 months continuation

Infant benefits reductions

Infectious risk (GI otitis media respiratory infections) chronic diseases (obesity autoimmune conditions including asthma and diabetes mellitus type I) infant mortality from SIDS

Maternal benefits reductions

Breast amp ovarian cancer risk diabetes mellitus type II hypertension hyperlipidemia amp cardiovascular diseases

Stuebe 201032

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations LARC

Copper IUD (ParaGard) No concerns

Levonorgestrel IUD

Small systemic progesterone levels

Limited evidence reduction in breastfeeding

Now with 3 available types in the US

Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon)

Higher systemic progesterone levels

Best evidence no change in breastfeeding

Chen 2011 Gurtcheff 2011 33

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 7: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the

Medicaid Population

Matt Zerden MD MPHOBGYN Hospitalist at WakeMed Hospitals

Clinical Assistant Professor Division of Family Planning

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology UNC School of Medicine

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway Team

Kate Berrien RN BSN MS

Jessica Phipps MPH

M Kathryn Menard MD MPH

Isa Cheren MD

Velma V Taormina MD FACOG

Matthew Zerden MD MPH

8

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway

Introduction

Pathway amp Goals

Specifics on each

LARC method

Breastfeeding

Reproductive life

planning

Logistics amp

financing

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 9

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 10

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 11

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 12

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 13

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

14

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

relationship

Expanded insurance coverage

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 15

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Opportunity for effective contraception

LARC

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

Expanded insurance coverage

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 16

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 17

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Short interpregnancy intervals 13 births

Poor health outcomes for mother amp baby

LARC first line contraception ACOG amp AAP

Few contra-indications

Immediate postpartum LARC a new opportunity

Challenges

Reimbursement

Training

Hospital participation

Conde-Agudelo 2006 ACOG Comm Opinion18

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway Goals

Facilitate LARC insertion in the postpartum

Partnership between patients amp providers

Evidence-based resource for providers

Immediately after delivery

As early as possible in the clinic

Reduce unintended pregnancies

Support breastfeeding

Maintain high levels of patient satisfaction

19Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Flowchart

20

1No restriction for the use of the contraceptive method

for a woman with that condition

2Advantages of using the method generally outweigh

the theoretical or proven risks

3

Theoretical or proven risks of the method usually

outweigh the advantages ndash not usually recommended

unless more appropriate methods are not available or

acceptable

4Unacceptable health risk if the contraceptive method

is used by a woman with that condition

CDCrsquos Medical Eligibility

Criteria (MEC)

httpwwwcdcgovmmwrpdfrrrr5904pdf

21Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

22

CDC MEC Free app

23Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

24Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

When

Immediate postpartum(lt 10 min after vaginal delivery )

Early postpartum (lt48 hrs after vaginal delivery)

Intracesarean

2-3 weeks postpartum (investigational)

4-6 weeks postpartum (standard)

Dr Paul Blumenthal httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ 25

IUDs in the postpartum Immediate

post-placental vaginal delivery

Within 10 min of placenta delivery

Expulsion rates vary (10-38)

High-risk patients 50 no show

Similar user rates at 6 months

High patient acceptability

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Dahlke 2011 Chen 2010 Stuart 2014 Lopez 201526

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Early postpartum vaginal delivery

Different than immediate post-placental

lt 48 hours postpartum morning after delivery

Higher expulsion rates 5-70

Copper IUD less expulsion than LNG-IUS

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Increased role internationally

Dahlke 2011 Stuart 2012 Stuart2014 Lopez 201527

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Intracesarean

Post-placental at time of cesarean delivery

Expulsion rate lower than vaginal insertion

Requires minimal training

Challenges

String visibility in office

Reimbursement

Logistics

Levi 2015 Lester 201528

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

2-3 weeks postpartum

Uterus 66 involuted day 14 postpartum

Pregnancy is physiologically impossible

Benefit of a 2 week postpartum visit

Convenience for mom

Combining pediatric amp maternal visits

Ongoing studies to investigate expulsion amp patient

satisfaction

Uncertain role of ultrasound

Belachew 2012 Speroff 200829

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

6 weeks postpartum

Standard protocol for most providers 6 weeks

Problems

Ovulation in those not exclusively breast feeding

Resumption of intercourse

Poor adherence to 6-week visit among high-risk

2 visit protocols

Potential solution 4 week visit with same day

insertion

CDC 2010 Stuart 2014 Teal 2015 Zerden 2015 30

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC

Contraceptive Implant Nexplanon

CDC MEC Non-breastfeeding = 1

Breastfeeding = 2

RCT No difference in breastfeeding when placed 1-3 days

vs 4-8 weeks postpartum

Challenges

Reimbursement

Hospital participation

Gurtcheff 2011 31

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations

Integrate into prenatal care

ACOG AAP 6 months exclusive 12 months continuation

Infant benefits reductions

Infectious risk (GI otitis media respiratory infections) chronic diseases (obesity autoimmune conditions including asthma and diabetes mellitus type I) infant mortality from SIDS

Maternal benefits reductions

Breast amp ovarian cancer risk diabetes mellitus type II hypertension hyperlipidemia amp cardiovascular diseases

Stuebe 201032

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations LARC

Copper IUD (ParaGard) No concerns

Levonorgestrel IUD

Small systemic progesterone levels

Limited evidence reduction in breastfeeding

Now with 3 available types in the US

Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon)

Higher systemic progesterone levels

Best evidence no change in breastfeeding

Chen 2011 Gurtcheff 2011 33

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 8: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway Team

Kate Berrien RN BSN MS

Jessica Phipps MPH

M Kathryn Menard MD MPH

Isa Cheren MD

Velma V Taormina MD FACOG

Matthew Zerden MD MPH

8

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway

Introduction

Pathway amp Goals

Specifics on each

LARC method

Breastfeeding

Reproductive life

planning

Logistics amp

financing

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 9

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 10

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 11

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 12

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 13

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

14

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

relationship

Expanded insurance coverage

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 15

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Opportunity for effective contraception

LARC

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

Expanded insurance coverage

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 16

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 17

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Short interpregnancy intervals 13 births

Poor health outcomes for mother amp baby

LARC first line contraception ACOG amp AAP

Few contra-indications

Immediate postpartum LARC a new opportunity

Challenges

Reimbursement

Training

Hospital participation

Conde-Agudelo 2006 ACOG Comm Opinion18

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway Goals

Facilitate LARC insertion in the postpartum

Partnership between patients amp providers

Evidence-based resource for providers

Immediately after delivery

As early as possible in the clinic

Reduce unintended pregnancies

Support breastfeeding

Maintain high levels of patient satisfaction

19Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Flowchart

20

1No restriction for the use of the contraceptive method

for a woman with that condition

2Advantages of using the method generally outweigh

the theoretical or proven risks

3

Theoretical or proven risks of the method usually

outweigh the advantages ndash not usually recommended

unless more appropriate methods are not available or

acceptable

4Unacceptable health risk if the contraceptive method

is used by a woman with that condition

CDCrsquos Medical Eligibility

Criteria (MEC)

httpwwwcdcgovmmwrpdfrrrr5904pdf

21Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

22

CDC MEC Free app

23Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

24Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

When

Immediate postpartum(lt 10 min after vaginal delivery )

Early postpartum (lt48 hrs after vaginal delivery)

Intracesarean

2-3 weeks postpartum (investigational)

4-6 weeks postpartum (standard)

Dr Paul Blumenthal httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ 25

IUDs in the postpartum Immediate

post-placental vaginal delivery

Within 10 min of placenta delivery

Expulsion rates vary (10-38)

High-risk patients 50 no show

Similar user rates at 6 months

High patient acceptability

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Dahlke 2011 Chen 2010 Stuart 2014 Lopez 201526

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Early postpartum vaginal delivery

Different than immediate post-placental

lt 48 hours postpartum morning after delivery

Higher expulsion rates 5-70

Copper IUD less expulsion than LNG-IUS

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Increased role internationally

Dahlke 2011 Stuart 2012 Stuart2014 Lopez 201527

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Intracesarean

Post-placental at time of cesarean delivery

Expulsion rate lower than vaginal insertion

Requires minimal training

Challenges

String visibility in office

Reimbursement

Logistics

Levi 2015 Lester 201528

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

2-3 weeks postpartum

Uterus 66 involuted day 14 postpartum

Pregnancy is physiologically impossible

Benefit of a 2 week postpartum visit

Convenience for mom

Combining pediatric amp maternal visits

Ongoing studies to investigate expulsion amp patient

satisfaction

Uncertain role of ultrasound

Belachew 2012 Speroff 200829

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

6 weeks postpartum

Standard protocol for most providers 6 weeks

Problems

Ovulation in those not exclusively breast feeding

Resumption of intercourse

Poor adherence to 6-week visit among high-risk

2 visit protocols

Potential solution 4 week visit with same day

insertion

CDC 2010 Stuart 2014 Teal 2015 Zerden 2015 30

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC

Contraceptive Implant Nexplanon

CDC MEC Non-breastfeeding = 1

Breastfeeding = 2

RCT No difference in breastfeeding when placed 1-3 days

vs 4-8 weeks postpartum

Challenges

Reimbursement

Hospital participation

Gurtcheff 2011 31

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations

Integrate into prenatal care

ACOG AAP 6 months exclusive 12 months continuation

Infant benefits reductions

Infectious risk (GI otitis media respiratory infections) chronic diseases (obesity autoimmune conditions including asthma and diabetes mellitus type I) infant mortality from SIDS

Maternal benefits reductions

Breast amp ovarian cancer risk diabetes mellitus type II hypertension hyperlipidemia amp cardiovascular diseases

Stuebe 201032

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations LARC

Copper IUD (ParaGard) No concerns

Levonorgestrel IUD

Small systemic progesterone levels

Limited evidence reduction in breastfeeding

Now with 3 available types in the US

Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon)

Higher systemic progesterone levels

Best evidence no change in breastfeeding

Chen 2011 Gurtcheff 2011 33

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 9: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway

Introduction

Pathway amp Goals

Specifics on each

LARC method

Breastfeeding

Reproductive life

planning

Logistics amp

financing

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 9

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 10

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 11

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 12

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 13

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

14

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

relationship

Expanded insurance coverage

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 15

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Opportunity for effective contraception

LARC

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

Expanded insurance coverage

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 16

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 17

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Short interpregnancy intervals 13 births

Poor health outcomes for mother amp baby

LARC first line contraception ACOG amp AAP

Few contra-indications

Immediate postpartum LARC a new opportunity

Challenges

Reimbursement

Training

Hospital participation

Conde-Agudelo 2006 ACOG Comm Opinion18

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway Goals

Facilitate LARC insertion in the postpartum

Partnership between patients amp providers

Evidence-based resource for providers

Immediately after delivery

As early as possible in the clinic

Reduce unintended pregnancies

Support breastfeeding

Maintain high levels of patient satisfaction

19Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Flowchart

20

1No restriction for the use of the contraceptive method

for a woman with that condition

2Advantages of using the method generally outweigh

the theoretical or proven risks

3

Theoretical or proven risks of the method usually

outweigh the advantages ndash not usually recommended

unless more appropriate methods are not available or

acceptable

4Unacceptable health risk if the contraceptive method

is used by a woman with that condition

CDCrsquos Medical Eligibility

Criteria (MEC)

httpwwwcdcgovmmwrpdfrrrr5904pdf

21Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

22

CDC MEC Free app

23Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

24Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

When

Immediate postpartum(lt 10 min after vaginal delivery )

Early postpartum (lt48 hrs after vaginal delivery)

Intracesarean

2-3 weeks postpartum (investigational)

4-6 weeks postpartum (standard)

Dr Paul Blumenthal httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ 25

IUDs in the postpartum Immediate

post-placental vaginal delivery

Within 10 min of placenta delivery

Expulsion rates vary (10-38)

High-risk patients 50 no show

Similar user rates at 6 months

High patient acceptability

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Dahlke 2011 Chen 2010 Stuart 2014 Lopez 201526

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Early postpartum vaginal delivery

Different than immediate post-placental

lt 48 hours postpartum morning after delivery

Higher expulsion rates 5-70

Copper IUD less expulsion than LNG-IUS

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Increased role internationally

Dahlke 2011 Stuart 2012 Stuart2014 Lopez 201527

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Intracesarean

Post-placental at time of cesarean delivery

Expulsion rate lower than vaginal insertion

Requires minimal training

Challenges

String visibility in office

Reimbursement

Logistics

Levi 2015 Lester 201528

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

2-3 weeks postpartum

Uterus 66 involuted day 14 postpartum

Pregnancy is physiologically impossible

Benefit of a 2 week postpartum visit

Convenience for mom

Combining pediatric amp maternal visits

Ongoing studies to investigate expulsion amp patient

satisfaction

Uncertain role of ultrasound

Belachew 2012 Speroff 200829

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

6 weeks postpartum

Standard protocol for most providers 6 weeks

Problems

Ovulation in those not exclusively breast feeding

Resumption of intercourse

Poor adherence to 6-week visit among high-risk

2 visit protocols

Potential solution 4 week visit with same day

insertion

CDC 2010 Stuart 2014 Teal 2015 Zerden 2015 30

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC

Contraceptive Implant Nexplanon

CDC MEC Non-breastfeeding = 1

Breastfeeding = 2

RCT No difference in breastfeeding when placed 1-3 days

vs 4-8 weeks postpartum

Challenges

Reimbursement

Hospital participation

Gurtcheff 2011 31

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations

Integrate into prenatal care

ACOG AAP 6 months exclusive 12 months continuation

Infant benefits reductions

Infectious risk (GI otitis media respiratory infections) chronic diseases (obesity autoimmune conditions including asthma and diabetes mellitus type I) infant mortality from SIDS

Maternal benefits reductions

Breast amp ovarian cancer risk diabetes mellitus type II hypertension hyperlipidemia amp cardiovascular diseases

Stuebe 201032

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations LARC

Copper IUD (ParaGard) No concerns

Levonorgestrel IUD

Small systemic progesterone levels

Limited evidence reduction in breastfeeding

Now with 3 available types in the US

Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon)

Higher systemic progesterone levels

Best evidence no change in breastfeeding

Chen 2011 Gurtcheff 2011 33

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 10: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 10

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 11

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 12

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 13

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

14

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

relationship

Expanded insurance coverage

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 15

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Opportunity for effective contraception

LARC

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

Expanded insurance coverage

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 16

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 17

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Short interpregnancy intervals 13 births

Poor health outcomes for mother amp baby

LARC first line contraception ACOG amp AAP

Few contra-indications

Immediate postpartum LARC a new opportunity

Challenges

Reimbursement

Training

Hospital participation

Conde-Agudelo 2006 ACOG Comm Opinion18

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway Goals

Facilitate LARC insertion in the postpartum

Partnership between patients amp providers

Evidence-based resource for providers

Immediately after delivery

As early as possible in the clinic

Reduce unintended pregnancies

Support breastfeeding

Maintain high levels of patient satisfaction

19Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Flowchart

20

1No restriction for the use of the contraceptive method

for a woman with that condition

2Advantages of using the method generally outweigh

the theoretical or proven risks

3

Theoretical or proven risks of the method usually

outweigh the advantages ndash not usually recommended

unless more appropriate methods are not available or

acceptable

4Unacceptable health risk if the contraceptive method

is used by a woman with that condition

CDCrsquos Medical Eligibility

Criteria (MEC)

httpwwwcdcgovmmwrpdfrrrr5904pdf

21Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

22

CDC MEC Free app

23Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

24Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

When

Immediate postpartum(lt 10 min after vaginal delivery )

Early postpartum (lt48 hrs after vaginal delivery)

Intracesarean

2-3 weeks postpartum (investigational)

4-6 weeks postpartum (standard)

Dr Paul Blumenthal httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ 25

IUDs in the postpartum Immediate

post-placental vaginal delivery

Within 10 min of placenta delivery

Expulsion rates vary (10-38)

High-risk patients 50 no show

Similar user rates at 6 months

High patient acceptability

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Dahlke 2011 Chen 2010 Stuart 2014 Lopez 201526

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Early postpartum vaginal delivery

Different than immediate post-placental

lt 48 hours postpartum morning after delivery

Higher expulsion rates 5-70

Copper IUD less expulsion than LNG-IUS

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Increased role internationally

Dahlke 2011 Stuart 2012 Stuart2014 Lopez 201527

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Intracesarean

Post-placental at time of cesarean delivery

Expulsion rate lower than vaginal insertion

Requires minimal training

Challenges

String visibility in office

Reimbursement

Logistics

Levi 2015 Lester 201528

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

2-3 weeks postpartum

Uterus 66 involuted day 14 postpartum

Pregnancy is physiologically impossible

Benefit of a 2 week postpartum visit

Convenience for mom

Combining pediatric amp maternal visits

Ongoing studies to investigate expulsion amp patient

satisfaction

Uncertain role of ultrasound

Belachew 2012 Speroff 200829

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

6 weeks postpartum

Standard protocol for most providers 6 weeks

Problems

Ovulation in those not exclusively breast feeding

Resumption of intercourse

Poor adherence to 6-week visit among high-risk

2 visit protocols

Potential solution 4 week visit with same day

insertion

CDC 2010 Stuart 2014 Teal 2015 Zerden 2015 30

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC

Contraceptive Implant Nexplanon

CDC MEC Non-breastfeeding = 1

Breastfeeding = 2

RCT No difference in breastfeeding when placed 1-3 days

vs 4-8 weeks postpartum

Challenges

Reimbursement

Hospital participation

Gurtcheff 2011 31

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations

Integrate into prenatal care

ACOG AAP 6 months exclusive 12 months continuation

Infant benefits reductions

Infectious risk (GI otitis media respiratory infections) chronic diseases (obesity autoimmune conditions including asthma and diabetes mellitus type I) infant mortality from SIDS

Maternal benefits reductions

Breast amp ovarian cancer risk diabetes mellitus type II hypertension hyperlipidemia amp cardiovascular diseases

Stuebe 201032

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations LARC

Copper IUD (ParaGard) No concerns

Levonorgestrel IUD

Small systemic progesterone levels

Limited evidence reduction in breastfeeding

Now with 3 available types in the US

Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon)

Higher systemic progesterone levels

Best evidence no change in breastfeeding

Chen 2011 Gurtcheff 2011 33

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 11: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 11

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 12

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 13

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

14

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

relationship

Expanded insurance coverage

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 15

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Opportunity for effective contraception

LARC

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

Expanded insurance coverage

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 16

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 17

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Short interpregnancy intervals 13 births

Poor health outcomes for mother amp baby

LARC first line contraception ACOG amp AAP

Few contra-indications

Immediate postpartum LARC a new opportunity

Challenges

Reimbursement

Training

Hospital participation

Conde-Agudelo 2006 ACOG Comm Opinion18

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway Goals

Facilitate LARC insertion in the postpartum

Partnership between patients amp providers

Evidence-based resource for providers

Immediately after delivery

As early as possible in the clinic

Reduce unintended pregnancies

Support breastfeeding

Maintain high levels of patient satisfaction

19Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Flowchart

20

1No restriction for the use of the contraceptive method

for a woman with that condition

2Advantages of using the method generally outweigh

the theoretical or proven risks

3

Theoretical or proven risks of the method usually

outweigh the advantages ndash not usually recommended

unless more appropriate methods are not available or

acceptable

4Unacceptable health risk if the contraceptive method

is used by a woman with that condition

CDCrsquos Medical Eligibility

Criteria (MEC)

httpwwwcdcgovmmwrpdfrrrr5904pdf

21Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

22

CDC MEC Free app

23Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

24Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

When

Immediate postpartum(lt 10 min after vaginal delivery )

Early postpartum (lt48 hrs after vaginal delivery)

Intracesarean

2-3 weeks postpartum (investigational)

4-6 weeks postpartum (standard)

Dr Paul Blumenthal httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ 25

IUDs in the postpartum Immediate

post-placental vaginal delivery

Within 10 min of placenta delivery

Expulsion rates vary (10-38)

High-risk patients 50 no show

Similar user rates at 6 months

High patient acceptability

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Dahlke 2011 Chen 2010 Stuart 2014 Lopez 201526

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Early postpartum vaginal delivery

Different than immediate post-placental

lt 48 hours postpartum morning after delivery

Higher expulsion rates 5-70

Copper IUD less expulsion than LNG-IUS

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Increased role internationally

Dahlke 2011 Stuart 2012 Stuart2014 Lopez 201527

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Intracesarean

Post-placental at time of cesarean delivery

Expulsion rate lower than vaginal insertion

Requires minimal training

Challenges

String visibility in office

Reimbursement

Logistics

Levi 2015 Lester 201528

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

2-3 weeks postpartum

Uterus 66 involuted day 14 postpartum

Pregnancy is physiologically impossible

Benefit of a 2 week postpartum visit

Convenience for mom

Combining pediatric amp maternal visits

Ongoing studies to investigate expulsion amp patient

satisfaction

Uncertain role of ultrasound

Belachew 2012 Speroff 200829

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

6 weeks postpartum

Standard protocol for most providers 6 weeks

Problems

Ovulation in those not exclusively breast feeding

Resumption of intercourse

Poor adherence to 6-week visit among high-risk

2 visit protocols

Potential solution 4 week visit with same day

insertion

CDC 2010 Stuart 2014 Teal 2015 Zerden 2015 30

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC

Contraceptive Implant Nexplanon

CDC MEC Non-breastfeeding = 1

Breastfeeding = 2

RCT No difference in breastfeeding when placed 1-3 days

vs 4-8 weeks postpartum

Challenges

Reimbursement

Hospital participation

Gurtcheff 2011 31

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations

Integrate into prenatal care

ACOG AAP 6 months exclusive 12 months continuation

Infant benefits reductions

Infectious risk (GI otitis media respiratory infections) chronic diseases (obesity autoimmune conditions including asthma and diabetes mellitus type I) infant mortality from SIDS

Maternal benefits reductions

Breast amp ovarian cancer risk diabetes mellitus type II hypertension hyperlipidemia amp cardiovascular diseases

Stuebe 201032

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations LARC

Copper IUD (ParaGard) No concerns

Levonorgestrel IUD

Small systemic progesterone levels

Limited evidence reduction in breastfeeding

Now with 3 available types in the US

Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon)

Higher systemic progesterone levels

Best evidence no change in breastfeeding

Chen 2011 Gurtcheff 2011 33

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 12: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 12

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 13

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

14

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

relationship

Expanded insurance coverage

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 15

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Opportunity for effective contraception

LARC

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

Expanded insurance coverage

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 16

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 17

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Short interpregnancy intervals 13 births

Poor health outcomes for mother amp baby

LARC first line contraception ACOG amp AAP

Few contra-indications

Immediate postpartum LARC a new opportunity

Challenges

Reimbursement

Training

Hospital participation

Conde-Agudelo 2006 ACOG Comm Opinion18

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway Goals

Facilitate LARC insertion in the postpartum

Partnership between patients amp providers

Evidence-based resource for providers

Immediately after delivery

As early as possible in the clinic

Reduce unintended pregnancies

Support breastfeeding

Maintain high levels of patient satisfaction

19Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Flowchart

20

1No restriction for the use of the contraceptive method

for a woman with that condition

2Advantages of using the method generally outweigh

the theoretical or proven risks

3

Theoretical or proven risks of the method usually

outweigh the advantages ndash not usually recommended

unless more appropriate methods are not available or

acceptable

4Unacceptable health risk if the contraceptive method

is used by a woman with that condition

CDCrsquos Medical Eligibility

Criteria (MEC)

httpwwwcdcgovmmwrpdfrrrr5904pdf

21Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

22

CDC MEC Free app

23Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

24Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

When

Immediate postpartum(lt 10 min after vaginal delivery )

Early postpartum (lt48 hrs after vaginal delivery)

Intracesarean

2-3 weeks postpartum (investigational)

4-6 weeks postpartum (standard)

Dr Paul Blumenthal httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ 25

IUDs in the postpartum Immediate

post-placental vaginal delivery

Within 10 min of placenta delivery

Expulsion rates vary (10-38)

High-risk patients 50 no show

Similar user rates at 6 months

High patient acceptability

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Dahlke 2011 Chen 2010 Stuart 2014 Lopez 201526

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Early postpartum vaginal delivery

Different than immediate post-placental

lt 48 hours postpartum morning after delivery

Higher expulsion rates 5-70

Copper IUD less expulsion than LNG-IUS

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Increased role internationally

Dahlke 2011 Stuart 2012 Stuart2014 Lopez 201527

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Intracesarean

Post-placental at time of cesarean delivery

Expulsion rate lower than vaginal insertion

Requires minimal training

Challenges

String visibility in office

Reimbursement

Logistics

Levi 2015 Lester 201528

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

2-3 weeks postpartum

Uterus 66 involuted day 14 postpartum

Pregnancy is physiologically impossible

Benefit of a 2 week postpartum visit

Convenience for mom

Combining pediatric amp maternal visits

Ongoing studies to investigate expulsion amp patient

satisfaction

Uncertain role of ultrasound

Belachew 2012 Speroff 200829

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

6 weeks postpartum

Standard protocol for most providers 6 weeks

Problems

Ovulation in those not exclusively breast feeding

Resumption of intercourse

Poor adherence to 6-week visit among high-risk

2 visit protocols

Potential solution 4 week visit with same day

insertion

CDC 2010 Stuart 2014 Teal 2015 Zerden 2015 30

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC

Contraceptive Implant Nexplanon

CDC MEC Non-breastfeeding = 1

Breastfeeding = 2

RCT No difference in breastfeeding when placed 1-3 days

vs 4-8 weeks postpartum

Challenges

Reimbursement

Hospital participation

Gurtcheff 2011 31

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations

Integrate into prenatal care

ACOG AAP 6 months exclusive 12 months continuation

Infant benefits reductions

Infectious risk (GI otitis media respiratory infections) chronic diseases (obesity autoimmune conditions including asthma and diabetes mellitus type I) infant mortality from SIDS

Maternal benefits reductions

Breast amp ovarian cancer risk diabetes mellitus type II hypertension hyperlipidemia amp cardiovascular diseases

Stuebe 201032

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations LARC

Copper IUD (ParaGard) No concerns

Levonorgestrel IUD

Small systemic progesterone levels

Limited evidence reduction in breastfeeding

Now with 3 available types in the US

Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon)

Higher systemic progesterone levels

Best evidence no change in breastfeeding

Chen 2011 Gurtcheff 2011 33

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 13: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 13

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

14

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

relationship

Expanded insurance coverage

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 15

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Opportunity for effective contraception

LARC

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

Expanded insurance coverage

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 16

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 17

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Short interpregnancy intervals 13 births

Poor health outcomes for mother amp baby

LARC first line contraception ACOG amp AAP

Few contra-indications

Immediate postpartum LARC a new opportunity

Challenges

Reimbursement

Training

Hospital participation

Conde-Agudelo 2006 ACOG Comm Opinion18

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway Goals

Facilitate LARC insertion in the postpartum

Partnership between patients amp providers

Evidence-based resource for providers

Immediately after delivery

As early as possible in the clinic

Reduce unintended pregnancies

Support breastfeeding

Maintain high levels of patient satisfaction

19Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Flowchart

20

1No restriction for the use of the contraceptive method

for a woman with that condition

2Advantages of using the method generally outweigh

the theoretical or proven risks

3

Theoretical or proven risks of the method usually

outweigh the advantages ndash not usually recommended

unless more appropriate methods are not available or

acceptable

4Unacceptable health risk if the contraceptive method

is used by a woman with that condition

CDCrsquos Medical Eligibility

Criteria (MEC)

httpwwwcdcgovmmwrpdfrrrr5904pdf

21Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

22

CDC MEC Free app

23Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

24Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

When

Immediate postpartum(lt 10 min after vaginal delivery )

Early postpartum (lt48 hrs after vaginal delivery)

Intracesarean

2-3 weeks postpartum (investigational)

4-6 weeks postpartum (standard)

Dr Paul Blumenthal httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ 25

IUDs in the postpartum Immediate

post-placental vaginal delivery

Within 10 min of placenta delivery

Expulsion rates vary (10-38)

High-risk patients 50 no show

Similar user rates at 6 months

High patient acceptability

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Dahlke 2011 Chen 2010 Stuart 2014 Lopez 201526

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Early postpartum vaginal delivery

Different than immediate post-placental

lt 48 hours postpartum morning after delivery

Higher expulsion rates 5-70

Copper IUD less expulsion than LNG-IUS

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Increased role internationally

Dahlke 2011 Stuart 2012 Stuart2014 Lopez 201527

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Intracesarean

Post-placental at time of cesarean delivery

Expulsion rate lower than vaginal insertion

Requires minimal training

Challenges

String visibility in office

Reimbursement

Logistics

Levi 2015 Lester 201528

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

2-3 weeks postpartum

Uterus 66 involuted day 14 postpartum

Pregnancy is physiologically impossible

Benefit of a 2 week postpartum visit

Convenience for mom

Combining pediatric amp maternal visits

Ongoing studies to investigate expulsion amp patient

satisfaction

Uncertain role of ultrasound

Belachew 2012 Speroff 200829

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

6 weeks postpartum

Standard protocol for most providers 6 weeks

Problems

Ovulation in those not exclusively breast feeding

Resumption of intercourse

Poor adherence to 6-week visit among high-risk

2 visit protocols

Potential solution 4 week visit with same day

insertion

CDC 2010 Stuart 2014 Teal 2015 Zerden 2015 30

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC

Contraceptive Implant Nexplanon

CDC MEC Non-breastfeeding = 1

Breastfeeding = 2

RCT No difference in breastfeeding when placed 1-3 days

vs 4-8 weeks postpartum

Challenges

Reimbursement

Hospital participation

Gurtcheff 2011 31

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations

Integrate into prenatal care

ACOG AAP 6 months exclusive 12 months continuation

Infant benefits reductions

Infectious risk (GI otitis media respiratory infections) chronic diseases (obesity autoimmune conditions including asthma and diabetes mellitus type I) infant mortality from SIDS

Maternal benefits reductions

Breast amp ovarian cancer risk diabetes mellitus type II hypertension hyperlipidemia amp cardiovascular diseases

Stuebe 201032

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations LARC

Copper IUD (ParaGard) No concerns

Levonorgestrel IUD

Small systemic progesterone levels

Limited evidence reduction in breastfeeding

Now with 3 available types in the US

Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon)

Higher systemic progesterone levels

Best evidence no change in breastfeeding

Chen 2011 Gurtcheff 2011 33

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 14: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

14

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

relationship

Expanded insurance coverage

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 15

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Opportunity for effective contraception

LARC

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

Expanded insurance coverage

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 16

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 17

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Short interpregnancy intervals 13 births

Poor health outcomes for mother amp baby

LARC first line contraception ACOG amp AAP

Few contra-indications

Immediate postpartum LARC a new opportunity

Challenges

Reimbursement

Training

Hospital participation

Conde-Agudelo 2006 ACOG Comm Opinion18

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway Goals

Facilitate LARC insertion in the postpartum

Partnership between patients amp providers

Evidence-based resource for providers

Immediately after delivery

As early as possible in the clinic

Reduce unintended pregnancies

Support breastfeeding

Maintain high levels of patient satisfaction

19Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Flowchart

20

1No restriction for the use of the contraceptive method

for a woman with that condition

2Advantages of using the method generally outweigh

the theoretical or proven risks

3

Theoretical or proven risks of the method usually

outweigh the advantages ndash not usually recommended

unless more appropriate methods are not available or

acceptable

4Unacceptable health risk if the contraceptive method

is used by a woman with that condition

CDCrsquos Medical Eligibility

Criteria (MEC)

httpwwwcdcgovmmwrpdfrrrr5904pdf

21Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

22

CDC MEC Free app

23Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

24Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

When

Immediate postpartum(lt 10 min after vaginal delivery )

Early postpartum (lt48 hrs after vaginal delivery)

Intracesarean

2-3 weeks postpartum (investigational)

4-6 weeks postpartum (standard)

Dr Paul Blumenthal httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ 25

IUDs in the postpartum Immediate

post-placental vaginal delivery

Within 10 min of placenta delivery

Expulsion rates vary (10-38)

High-risk patients 50 no show

Similar user rates at 6 months

High patient acceptability

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Dahlke 2011 Chen 2010 Stuart 2014 Lopez 201526

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Early postpartum vaginal delivery

Different than immediate post-placental

lt 48 hours postpartum morning after delivery

Higher expulsion rates 5-70

Copper IUD less expulsion than LNG-IUS

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Increased role internationally

Dahlke 2011 Stuart 2012 Stuart2014 Lopez 201527

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Intracesarean

Post-placental at time of cesarean delivery

Expulsion rate lower than vaginal insertion

Requires minimal training

Challenges

String visibility in office

Reimbursement

Logistics

Levi 2015 Lester 201528

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

2-3 weeks postpartum

Uterus 66 involuted day 14 postpartum

Pregnancy is physiologically impossible

Benefit of a 2 week postpartum visit

Convenience for mom

Combining pediatric amp maternal visits

Ongoing studies to investigate expulsion amp patient

satisfaction

Uncertain role of ultrasound

Belachew 2012 Speroff 200829

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

6 weeks postpartum

Standard protocol for most providers 6 weeks

Problems

Ovulation in those not exclusively breast feeding

Resumption of intercourse

Poor adherence to 6-week visit among high-risk

2 visit protocols

Potential solution 4 week visit with same day

insertion

CDC 2010 Stuart 2014 Teal 2015 Zerden 2015 30

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC

Contraceptive Implant Nexplanon

CDC MEC Non-breastfeeding = 1

Breastfeeding = 2

RCT No difference in breastfeeding when placed 1-3 days

vs 4-8 weeks postpartum

Challenges

Reimbursement

Hospital participation

Gurtcheff 2011 31

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations

Integrate into prenatal care

ACOG AAP 6 months exclusive 12 months continuation

Infant benefits reductions

Infectious risk (GI otitis media respiratory infections) chronic diseases (obesity autoimmune conditions including asthma and diabetes mellitus type I) infant mortality from SIDS

Maternal benefits reductions

Breast amp ovarian cancer risk diabetes mellitus type II hypertension hyperlipidemia amp cardiovascular diseases

Stuebe 201032

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations LARC

Copper IUD (ParaGard) No concerns

Levonorgestrel IUD

Small systemic progesterone levels

Limited evidence reduction in breastfeeding

Now with 3 available types in the US

Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon)

Higher systemic progesterone levels

Best evidence no change in breastfeeding

Chen 2011 Gurtcheff 2011 33

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 15: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

relationship

Expanded insurance coverage

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 15

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Opportunity for effective contraception

LARC

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

Expanded insurance coverage

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 16

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 17

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Short interpregnancy intervals 13 births

Poor health outcomes for mother amp baby

LARC first line contraception ACOG amp AAP

Few contra-indications

Immediate postpartum LARC a new opportunity

Challenges

Reimbursement

Training

Hospital participation

Conde-Agudelo 2006 ACOG Comm Opinion18

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway Goals

Facilitate LARC insertion in the postpartum

Partnership between patients amp providers

Evidence-based resource for providers

Immediately after delivery

As early as possible in the clinic

Reduce unintended pregnancies

Support breastfeeding

Maintain high levels of patient satisfaction

19Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Flowchart

20

1No restriction for the use of the contraceptive method

for a woman with that condition

2Advantages of using the method generally outweigh

the theoretical or proven risks

3

Theoretical or proven risks of the method usually

outweigh the advantages ndash not usually recommended

unless more appropriate methods are not available or

acceptable

4Unacceptable health risk if the contraceptive method

is used by a woman with that condition

CDCrsquos Medical Eligibility

Criteria (MEC)

httpwwwcdcgovmmwrpdfrrrr5904pdf

21Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

22

CDC MEC Free app

23Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

24Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

When

Immediate postpartum(lt 10 min after vaginal delivery )

Early postpartum (lt48 hrs after vaginal delivery)

Intracesarean

2-3 weeks postpartum (investigational)

4-6 weeks postpartum (standard)

Dr Paul Blumenthal httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ 25

IUDs in the postpartum Immediate

post-placental vaginal delivery

Within 10 min of placenta delivery

Expulsion rates vary (10-38)

High-risk patients 50 no show

Similar user rates at 6 months

High patient acceptability

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Dahlke 2011 Chen 2010 Stuart 2014 Lopez 201526

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Early postpartum vaginal delivery

Different than immediate post-placental

lt 48 hours postpartum morning after delivery

Higher expulsion rates 5-70

Copper IUD less expulsion than LNG-IUS

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Increased role internationally

Dahlke 2011 Stuart 2012 Stuart2014 Lopez 201527

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Intracesarean

Post-placental at time of cesarean delivery

Expulsion rate lower than vaginal insertion

Requires minimal training

Challenges

String visibility in office

Reimbursement

Logistics

Levi 2015 Lester 201528

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

2-3 weeks postpartum

Uterus 66 involuted day 14 postpartum

Pregnancy is physiologically impossible

Benefit of a 2 week postpartum visit

Convenience for mom

Combining pediatric amp maternal visits

Ongoing studies to investigate expulsion amp patient

satisfaction

Uncertain role of ultrasound

Belachew 2012 Speroff 200829

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

6 weeks postpartum

Standard protocol for most providers 6 weeks

Problems

Ovulation in those not exclusively breast feeding

Resumption of intercourse

Poor adherence to 6-week visit among high-risk

2 visit protocols

Potential solution 4 week visit with same day

insertion

CDC 2010 Stuart 2014 Teal 2015 Zerden 2015 30

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC

Contraceptive Implant Nexplanon

CDC MEC Non-breastfeeding = 1

Breastfeeding = 2

RCT No difference in breastfeeding when placed 1-3 days

vs 4-8 weeks postpartum

Challenges

Reimbursement

Hospital participation

Gurtcheff 2011 31

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations

Integrate into prenatal care

ACOG AAP 6 months exclusive 12 months continuation

Infant benefits reductions

Infectious risk (GI otitis media respiratory infections) chronic diseases (obesity autoimmune conditions including asthma and diabetes mellitus type I) infant mortality from SIDS

Maternal benefits reductions

Breast amp ovarian cancer risk diabetes mellitus type II hypertension hyperlipidemia amp cardiovascular diseases

Stuebe 201032

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations LARC

Copper IUD (ParaGard) No concerns

Levonorgestrel IUD

Small systemic progesterone levels

Limited evidence reduction in breastfeeding

Now with 3 available types in the US

Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon)

Higher systemic progesterone levels

Best evidence no change in breastfeeding

Chen 2011 Gurtcheff 2011 33

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 16: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

Opportunity of the

postpartum period

Opportunity for effective contraception

LARC

Motivated

patient

Patient-provider

Relationship

Expanded insurance coverage

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 16

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 17

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Short interpregnancy intervals 13 births

Poor health outcomes for mother amp baby

LARC first line contraception ACOG amp AAP

Few contra-indications

Immediate postpartum LARC a new opportunity

Challenges

Reimbursement

Training

Hospital participation

Conde-Agudelo 2006 ACOG Comm Opinion18

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway Goals

Facilitate LARC insertion in the postpartum

Partnership between patients amp providers

Evidence-based resource for providers

Immediately after delivery

As early as possible in the clinic

Reduce unintended pregnancies

Support breastfeeding

Maintain high levels of patient satisfaction

19Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Flowchart

20

1No restriction for the use of the contraceptive method

for a woman with that condition

2Advantages of using the method generally outweigh

the theoretical or proven risks

3

Theoretical or proven risks of the method usually

outweigh the advantages ndash not usually recommended

unless more appropriate methods are not available or

acceptable

4Unacceptable health risk if the contraceptive method

is used by a woman with that condition

CDCrsquos Medical Eligibility

Criteria (MEC)

httpwwwcdcgovmmwrpdfrrrr5904pdf

21Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

22

CDC MEC Free app

23Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

24Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

When

Immediate postpartum(lt 10 min after vaginal delivery )

Early postpartum (lt48 hrs after vaginal delivery)

Intracesarean

2-3 weeks postpartum (investigational)

4-6 weeks postpartum (standard)

Dr Paul Blumenthal httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ 25

IUDs in the postpartum Immediate

post-placental vaginal delivery

Within 10 min of placenta delivery

Expulsion rates vary (10-38)

High-risk patients 50 no show

Similar user rates at 6 months

High patient acceptability

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Dahlke 2011 Chen 2010 Stuart 2014 Lopez 201526

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Early postpartum vaginal delivery

Different than immediate post-placental

lt 48 hours postpartum morning after delivery

Higher expulsion rates 5-70

Copper IUD less expulsion than LNG-IUS

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Increased role internationally

Dahlke 2011 Stuart 2012 Stuart2014 Lopez 201527

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Intracesarean

Post-placental at time of cesarean delivery

Expulsion rate lower than vaginal insertion

Requires minimal training

Challenges

String visibility in office

Reimbursement

Logistics

Levi 2015 Lester 201528

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

2-3 weeks postpartum

Uterus 66 involuted day 14 postpartum

Pregnancy is physiologically impossible

Benefit of a 2 week postpartum visit

Convenience for mom

Combining pediatric amp maternal visits

Ongoing studies to investigate expulsion amp patient

satisfaction

Uncertain role of ultrasound

Belachew 2012 Speroff 200829

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

6 weeks postpartum

Standard protocol for most providers 6 weeks

Problems

Ovulation in those not exclusively breast feeding

Resumption of intercourse

Poor adherence to 6-week visit among high-risk

2 visit protocols

Potential solution 4 week visit with same day

insertion

CDC 2010 Stuart 2014 Teal 2015 Zerden 2015 30

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC

Contraceptive Implant Nexplanon

CDC MEC Non-breastfeeding = 1

Breastfeeding = 2

RCT No difference in breastfeeding when placed 1-3 days

vs 4-8 weeks postpartum

Challenges

Reimbursement

Hospital participation

Gurtcheff 2011 31

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations

Integrate into prenatal care

ACOG AAP 6 months exclusive 12 months continuation

Infant benefits reductions

Infectious risk (GI otitis media respiratory infections) chronic diseases (obesity autoimmune conditions including asthma and diabetes mellitus type I) infant mortality from SIDS

Maternal benefits reductions

Breast amp ovarian cancer risk diabetes mellitus type II hypertension hyperlipidemia amp cardiovascular diseases

Stuebe 201032

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations LARC

Copper IUD (ParaGard) No concerns

Levonorgestrel IUD

Small systemic progesterone levels

Limited evidence reduction in breastfeeding

Now with 3 available types in the US

Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon)

Higher systemic progesterone levels

Best evidence no change in breastfeeding

Chen 2011 Gurtcheff 2011 33

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 17: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment 17

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Short interpregnancy intervals 13 births

Poor health outcomes for mother amp baby

LARC first line contraception ACOG amp AAP

Few contra-indications

Immediate postpartum LARC a new opportunity

Challenges

Reimbursement

Training

Hospital participation

Conde-Agudelo 2006 ACOG Comm Opinion18

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway Goals

Facilitate LARC insertion in the postpartum

Partnership between patients amp providers

Evidence-based resource for providers

Immediately after delivery

As early as possible in the clinic

Reduce unintended pregnancies

Support breastfeeding

Maintain high levels of patient satisfaction

19Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Flowchart

20

1No restriction for the use of the contraceptive method

for a woman with that condition

2Advantages of using the method generally outweigh

the theoretical or proven risks

3

Theoretical or proven risks of the method usually

outweigh the advantages ndash not usually recommended

unless more appropriate methods are not available or

acceptable

4Unacceptable health risk if the contraceptive method

is used by a woman with that condition

CDCrsquos Medical Eligibility

Criteria (MEC)

httpwwwcdcgovmmwrpdfrrrr5904pdf

21Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

22

CDC MEC Free app

23Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

24Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

When

Immediate postpartum(lt 10 min after vaginal delivery )

Early postpartum (lt48 hrs after vaginal delivery)

Intracesarean

2-3 weeks postpartum (investigational)

4-6 weeks postpartum (standard)

Dr Paul Blumenthal httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ 25

IUDs in the postpartum Immediate

post-placental vaginal delivery

Within 10 min of placenta delivery

Expulsion rates vary (10-38)

High-risk patients 50 no show

Similar user rates at 6 months

High patient acceptability

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Dahlke 2011 Chen 2010 Stuart 2014 Lopez 201526

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Early postpartum vaginal delivery

Different than immediate post-placental

lt 48 hours postpartum morning after delivery

Higher expulsion rates 5-70

Copper IUD less expulsion than LNG-IUS

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Increased role internationally

Dahlke 2011 Stuart 2012 Stuart2014 Lopez 201527

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Intracesarean

Post-placental at time of cesarean delivery

Expulsion rate lower than vaginal insertion

Requires minimal training

Challenges

String visibility in office

Reimbursement

Logistics

Levi 2015 Lester 201528

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

2-3 weeks postpartum

Uterus 66 involuted day 14 postpartum

Pregnancy is physiologically impossible

Benefit of a 2 week postpartum visit

Convenience for mom

Combining pediatric amp maternal visits

Ongoing studies to investigate expulsion amp patient

satisfaction

Uncertain role of ultrasound

Belachew 2012 Speroff 200829

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

6 weeks postpartum

Standard protocol for most providers 6 weeks

Problems

Ovulation in those not exclusively breast feeding

Resumption of intercourse

Poor adherence to 6-week visit among high-risk

2 visit protocols

Potential solution 4 week visit with same day

insertion

CDC 2010 Stuart 2014 Teal 2015 Zerden 2015 30

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC

Contraceptive Implant Nexplanon

CDC MEC Non-breastfeeding = 1

Breastfeeding = 2

RCT No difference in breastfeeding when placed 1-3 days

vs 4-8 weeks postpartum

Challenges

Reimbursement

Hospital participation

Gurtcheff 2011 31

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations

Integrate into prenatal care

ACOG AAP 6 months exclusive 12 months continuation

Infant benefits reductions

Infectious risk (GI otitis media respiratory infections) chronic diseases (obesity autoimmune conditions including asthma and diabetes mellitus type I) infant mortality from SIDS

Maternal benefits reductions

Breast amp ovarian cancer risk diabetes mellitus type II hypertension hyperlipidemia amp cardiovascular diseases

Stuebe 201032

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations LARC

Copper IUD (ParaGard) No concerns

Levonorgestrel IUD

Small systemic progesterone levels

Limited evidence reduction in breastfeeding

Now with 3 available types in the US

Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon)

Higher systemic progesterone levels

Best evidence no change in breastfeeding

Chen 2011 Gurtcheff 2011 33

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 18: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Introduction

Short interpregnancy intervals 13 births

Poor health outcomes for mother amp baby

LARC first line contraception ACOG amp AAP

Few contra-indications

Immediate postpartum LARC a new opportunity

Challenges

Reimbursement

Training

Hospital participation

Conde-Agudelo 2006 ACOG Comm Opinion18

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway Goals

Facilitate LARC insertion in the postpartum

Partnership between patients amp providers

Evidence-based resource for providers

Immediately after delivery

As early as possible in the clinic

Reduce unintended pregnancies

Support breastfeeding

Maintain high levels of patient satisfaction

19Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Flowchart

20

1No restriction for the use of the contraceptive method

for a woman with that condition

2Advantages of using the method generally outweigh

the theoretical or proven risks

3

Theoretical or proven risks of the method usually

outweigh the advantages ndash not usually recommended

unless more appropriate methods are not available or

acceptable

4Unacceptable health risk if the contraceptive method

is used by a woman with that condition

CDCrsquos Medical Eligibility

Criteria (MEC)

httpwwwcdcgovmmwrpdfrrrr5904pdf

21Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

22

CDC MEC Free app

23Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

24Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

When

Immediate postpartum(lt 10 min after vaginal delivery )

Early postpartum (lt48 hrs after vaginal delivery)

Intracesarean

2-3 weeks postpartum (investigational)

4-6 weeks postpartum (standard)

Dr Paul Blumenthal httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ 25

IUDs in the postpartum Immediate

post-placental vaginal delivery

Within 10 min of placenta delivery

Expulsion rates vary (10-38)

High-risk patients 50 no show

Similar user rates at 6 months

High patient acceptability

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Dahlke 2011 Chen 2010 Stuart 2014 Lopez 201526

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Early postpartum vaginal delivery

Different than immediate post-placental

lt 48 hours postpartum morning after delivery

Higher expulsion rates 5-70

Copper IUD less expulsion than LNG-IUS

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Increased role internationally

Dahlke 2011 Stuart 2012 Stuart2014 Lopez 201527

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Intracesarean

Post-placental at time of cesarean delivery

Expulsion rate lower than vaginal insertion

Requires minimal training

Challenges

String visibility in office

Reimbursement

Logistics

Levi 2015 Lester 201528

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

2-3 weeks postpartum

Uterus 66 involuted day 14 postpartum

Pregnancy is physiologically impossible

Benefit of a 2 week postpartum visit

Convenience for mom

Combining pediatric amp maternal visits

Ongoing studies to investigate expulsion amp patient

satisfaction

Uncertain role of ultrasound

Belachew 2012 Speroff 200829

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

6 weeks postpartum

Standard protocol for most providers 6 weeks

Problems

Ovulation in those not exclusively breast feeding

Resumption of intercourse

Poor adherence to 6-week visit among high-risk

2 visit protocols

Potential solution 4 week visit with same day

insertion

CDC 2010 Stuart 2014 Teal 2015 Zerden 2015 30

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC

Contraceptive Implant Nexplanon

CDC MEC Non-breastfeeding = 1

Breastfeeding = 2

RCT No difference in breastfeeding when placed 1-3 days

vs 4-8 weeks postpartum

Challenges

Reimbursement

Hospital participation

Gurtcheff 2011 31

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations

Integrate into prenatal care

ACOG AAP 6 months exclusive 12 months continuation

Infant benefits reductions

Infectious risk (GI otitis media respiratory infections) chronic diseases (obesity autoimmune conditions including asthma and diabetes mellitus type I) infant mortality from SIDS

Maternal benefits reductions

Breast amp ovarian cancer risk diabetes mellitus type II hypertension hyperlipidemia amp cardiovascular diseases

Stuebe 201032

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations LARC

Copper IUD (ParaGard) No concerns

Levonorgestrel IUD

Small systemic progesterone levels

Limited evidence reduction in breastfeeding

Now with 3 available types in the US

Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon)

Higher systemic progesterone levels

Best evidence no change in breastfeeding

Chen 2011 Gurtcheff 2011 33

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 19: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

Reproductive Life Planning and

Postpartum LARC in the Medicaid

Population PMH Care Pathway Goals

Facilitate LARC insertion in the postpartum

Partnership between patients amp providers

Evidence-based resource for providers

Immediately after delivery

As early as possible in the clinic

Reduce unintended pregnancies

Support breastfeeding

Maintain high levels of patient satisfaction

19Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Flowchart

20

1No restriction for the use of the contraceptive method

for a woman with that condition

2Advantages of using the method generally outweigh

the theoretical or proven risks

3

Theoretical or proven risks of the method usually

outweigh the advantages ndash not usually recommended

unless more appropriate methods are not available or

acceptable

4Unacceptable health risk if the contraceptive method

is used by a woman with that condition

CDCrsquos Medical Eligibility

Criteria (MEC)

httpwwwcdcgovmmwrpdfrrrr5904pdf

21Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

22

CDC MEC Free app

23Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

24Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

When

Immediate postpartum(lt 10 min after vaginal delivery )

Early postpartum (lt48 hrs after vaginal delivery)

Intracesarean

2-3 weeks postpartum (investigational)

4-6 weeks postpartum (standard)

Dr Paul Blumenthal httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ 25

IUDs in the postpartum Immediate

post-placental vaginal delivery

Within 10 min of placenta delivery

Expulsion rates vary (10-38)

High-risk patients 50 no show

Similar user rates at 6 months

High patient acceptability

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Dahlke 2011 Chen 2010 Stuart 2014 Lopez 201526

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Early postpartum vaginal delivery

Different than immediate post-placental

lt 48 hours postpartum morning after delivery

Higher expulsion rates 5-70

Copper IUD less expulsion than LNG-IUS

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Increased role internationally

Dahlke 2011 Stuart 2012 Stuart2014 Lopez 201527

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Intracesarean

Post-placental at time of cesarean delivery

Expulsion rate lower than vaginal insertion

Requires minimal training

Challenges

String visibility in office

Reimbursement

Logistics

Levi 2015 Lester 201528

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

2-3 weeks postpartum

Uterus 66 involuted day 14 postpartum

Pregnancy is physiologically impossible

Benefit of a 2 week postpartum visit

Convenience for mom

Combining pediatric amp maternal visits

Ongoing studies to investigate expulsion amp patient

satisfaction

Uncertain role of ultrasound

Belachew 2012 Speroff 200829

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

6 weeks postpartum

Standard protocol for most providers 6 weeks

Problems

Ovulation in those not exclusively breast feeding

Resumption of intercourse

Poor adherence to 6-week visit among high-risk

2 visit protocols

Potential solution 4 week visit with same day

insertion

CDC 2010 Stuart 2014 Teal 2015 Zerden 2015 30

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC

Contraceptive Implant Nexplanon

CDC MEC Non-breastfeeding = 1

Breastfeeding = 2

RCT No difference in breastfeeding when placed 1-3 days

vs 4-8 weeks postpartum

Challenges

Reimbursement

Hospital participation

Gurtcheff 2011 31

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations

Integrate into prenatal care

ACOG AAP 6 months exclusive 12 months continuation

Infant benefits reductions

Infectious risk (GI otitis media respiratory infections) chronic diseases (obesity autoimmune conditions including asthma and diabetes mellitus type I) infant mortality from SIDS

Maternal benefits reductions

Breast amp ovarian cancer risk diabetes mellitus type II hypertension hyperlipidemia amp cardiovascular diseases

Stuebe 201032

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations LARC

Copper IUD (ParaGard) No concerns

Levonorgestrel IUD

Small systemic progesterone levels

Limited evidence reduction in breastfeeding

Now with 3 available types in the US

Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon)

Higher systemic progesterone levels

Best evidence no change in breastfeeding

Chen 2011 Gurtcheff 2011 33

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 20: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

Reproductive Life Planning and Postpartum

LARC in the Medicaid Population PMH Care

Pathway Flowchart

20

1No restriction for the use of the contraceptive method

for a woman with that condition

2Advantages of using the method generally outweigh

the theoretical or proven risks

3

Theoretical or proven risks of the method usually

outweigh the advantages ndash not usually recommended

unless more appropriate methods are not available or

acceptable

4Unacceptable health risk if the contraceptive method

is used by a woman with that condition

CDCrsquos Medical Eligibility

Criteria (MEC)

httpwwwcdcgovmmwrpdfrrrr5904pdf

21Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

22

CDC MEC Free app

23Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

24Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

When

Immediate postpartum(lt 10 min after vaginal delivery )

Early postpartum (lt48 hrs after vaginal delivery)

Intracesarean

2-3 weeks postpartum (investigational)

4-6 weeks postpartum (standard)

Dr Paul Blumenthal httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ 25

IUDs in the postpartum Immediate

post-placental vaginal delivery

Within 10 min of placenta delivery

Expulsion rates vary (10-38)

High-risk patients 50 no show

Similar user rates at 6 months

High patient acceptability

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Dahlke 2011 Chen 2010 Stuart 2014 Lopez 201526

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Early postpartum vaginal delivery

Different than immediate post-placental

lt 48 hours postpartum morning after delivery

Higher expulsion rates 5-70

Copper IUD less expulsion than LNG-IUS

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Increased role internationally

Dahlke 2011 Stuart 2012 Stuart2014 Lopez 201527

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Intracesarean

Post-placental at time of cesarean delivery

Expulsion rate lower than vaginal insertion

Requires minimal training

Challenges

String visibility in office

Reimbursement

Logistics

Levi 2015 Lester 201528

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

2-3 weeks postpartum

Uterus 66 involuted day 14 postpartum

Pregnancy is physiologically impossible

Benefit of a 2 week postpartum visit

Convenience for mom

Combining pediatric amp maternal visits

Ongoing studies to investigate expulsion amp patient

satisfaction

Uncertain role of ultrasound

Belachew 2012 Speroff 200829

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

6 weeks postpartum

Standard protocol for most providers 6 weeks

Problems

Ovulation in those not exclusively breast feeding

Resumption of intercourse

Poor adherence to 6-week visit among high-risk

2 visit protocols

Potential solution 4 week visit with same day

insertion

CDC 2010 Stuart 2014 Teal 2015 Zerden 2015 30

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC

Contraceptive Implant Nexplanon

CDC MEC Non-breastfeeding = 1

Breastfeeding = 2

RCT No difference in breastfeeding when placed 1-3 days

vs 4-8 weeks postpartum

Challenges

Reimbursement

Hospital participation

Gurtcheff 2011 31

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations

Integrate into prenatal care

ACOG AAP 6 months exclusive 12 months continuation

Infant benefits reductions

Infectious risk (GI otitis media respiratory infections) chronic diseases (obesity autoimmune conditions including asthma and diabetes mellitus type I) infant mortality from SIDS

Maternal benefits reductions

Breast amp ovarian cancer risk diabetes mellitus type II hypertension hyperlipidemia amp cardiovascular diseases

Stuebe 201032

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations LARC

Copper IUD (ParaGard) No concerns

Levonorgestrel IUD

Small systemic progesterone levels

Limited evidence reduction in breastfeeding

Now with 3 available types in the US

Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon)

Higher systemic progesterone levels

Best evidence no change in breastfeeding

Chen 2011 Gurtcheff 2011 33

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 21: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

1No restriction for the use of the contraceptive method

for a woman with that condition

2Advantages of using the method generally outweigh

the theoretical or proven risks

3

Theoretical or proven risks of the method usually

outweigh the advantages ndash not usually recommended

unless more appropriate methods are not available or

acceptable

4Unacceptable health risk if the contraceptive method

is used by a woman with that condition

CDCrsquos Medical Eligibility

Criteria (MEC)

httpwwwcdcgovmmwrpdfrrrr5904pdf

21Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

22

CDC MEC Free app

23Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

24Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

When

Immediate postpartum(lt 10 min after vaginal delivery )

Early postpartum (lt48 hrs after vaginal delivery)

Intracesarean

2-3 weeks postpartum (investigational)

4-6 weeks postpartum (standard)

Dr Paul Blumenthal httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ 25

IUDs in the postpartum Immediate

post-placental vaginal delivery

Within 10 min of placenta delivery

Expulsion rates vary (10-38)

High-risk patients 50 no show

Similar user rates at 6 months

High patient acceptability

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Dahlke 2011 Chen 2010 Stuart 2014 Lopez 201526

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Early postpartum vaginal delivery

Different than immediate post-placental

lt 48 hours postpartum morning after delivery

Higher expulsion rates 5-70

Copper IUD less expulsion than LNG-IUS

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Increased role internationally

Dahlke 2011 Stuart 2012 Stuart2014 Lopez 201527

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Intracesarean

Post-placental at time of cesarean delivery

Expulsion rate lower than vaginal insertion

Requires minimal training

Challenges

String visibility in office

Reimbursement

Logistics

Levi 2015 Lester 201528

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

2-3 weeks postpartum

Uterus 66 involuted day 14 postpartum

Pregnancy is physiologically impossible

Benefit of a 2 week postpartum visit

Convenience for mom

Combining pediatric amp maternal visits

Ongoing studies to investigate expulsion amp patient

satisfaction

Uncertain role of ultrasound

Belachew 2012 Speroff 200829

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

6 weeks postpartum

Standard protocol for most providers 6 weeks

Problems

Ovulation in those not exclusively breast feeding

Resumption of intercourse

Poor adherence to 6-week visit among high-risk

2 visit protocols

Potential solution 4 week visit with same day

insertion

CDC 2010 Stuart 2014 Teal 2015 Zerden 2015 30

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC

Contraceptive Implant Nexplanon

CDC MEC Non-breastfeeding = 1

Breastfeeding = 2

RCT No difference in breastfeeding when placed 1-3 days

vs 4-8 weeks postpartum

Challenges

Reimbursement

Hospital participation

Gurtcheff 2011 31

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations

Integrate into prenatal care

ACOG AAP 6 months exclusive 12 months continuation

Infant benefits reductions

Infectious risk (GI otitis media respiratory infections) chronic diseases (obesity autoimmune conditions including asthma and diabetes mellitus type I) infant mortality from SIDS

Maternal benefits reductions

Breast amp ovarian cancer risk diabetes mellitus type II hypertension hyperlipidemia amp cardiovascular diseases

Stuebe 201032

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations LARC

Copper IUD (ParaGard) No concerns

Levonorgestrel IUD

Small systemic progesterone levels

Limited evidence reduction in breastfeeding

Now with 3 available types in the US

Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon)

Higher systemic progesterone levels

Best evidence no change in breastfeeding

Chen 2011 Gurtcheff 2011 33

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 22: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

22

CDC MEC Free app

23Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

24Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

When

Immediate postpartum(lt 10 min after vaginal delivery )

Early postpartum (lt48 hrs after vaginal delivery)

Intracesarean

2-3 weeks postpartum (investigational)

4-6 weeks postpartum (standard)

Dr Paul Blumenthal httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ 25

IUDs in the postpartum Immediate

post-placental vaginal delivery

Within 10 min of placenta delivery

Expulsion rates vary (10-38)

High-risk patients 50 no show

Similar user rates at 6 months

High patient acceptability

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Dahlke 2011 Chen 2010 Stuart 2014 Lopez 201526

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Early postpartum vaginal delivery

Different than immediate post-placental

lt 48 hours postpartum morning after delivery

Higher expulsion rates 5-70

Copper IUD less expulsion than LNG-IUS

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Increased role internationally

Dahlke 2011 Stuart 2012 Stuart2014 Lopez 201527

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Intracesarean

Post-placental at time of cesarean delivery

Expulsion rate lower than vaginal insertion

Requires minimal training

Challenges

String visibility in office

Reimbursement

Logistics

Levi 2015 Lester 201528

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

2-3 weeks postpartum

Uterus 66 involuted day 14 postpartum

Pregnancy is physiologically impossible

Benefit of a 2 week postpartum visit

Convenience for mom

Combining pediatric amp maternal visits

Ongoing studies to investigate expulsion amp patient

satisfaction

Uncertain role of ultrasound

Belachew 2012 Speroff 200829

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

6 weeks postpartum

Standard protocol for most providers 6 weeks

Problems

Ovulation in those not exclusively breast feeding

Resumption of intercourse

Poor adherence to 6-week visit among high-risk

2 visit protocols

Potential solution 4 week visit with same day

insertion

CDC 2010 Stuart 2014 Teal 2015 Zerden 2015 30

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC

Contraceptive Implant Nexplanon

CDC MEC Non-breastfeeding = 1

Breastfeeding = 2

RCT No difference in breastfeeding when placed 1-3 days

vs 4-8 weeks postpartum

Challenges

Reimbursement

Hospital participation

Gurtcheff 2011 31

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations

Integrate into prenatal care

ACOG AAP 6 months exclusive 12 months continuation

Infant benefits reductions

Infectious risk (GI otitis media respiratory infections) chronic diseases (obesity autoimmune conditions including asthma and diabetes mellitus type I) infant mortality from SIDS

Maternal benefits reductions

Breast amp ovarian cancer risk diabetes mellitus type II hypertension hyperlipidemia amp cardiovascular diseases

Stuebe 201032

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations LARC

Copper IUD (ParaGard) No concerns

Levonorgestrel IUD

Small systemic progesterone levels

Limited evidence reduction in breastfeeding

Now with 3 available types in the US

Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon)

Higher systemic progesterone levels

Best evidence no change in breastfeeding

Chen 2011 Gurtcheff 2011 33

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 23: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

CDC MEC Free app

23Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

24Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

When

Immediate postpartum(lt 10 min after vaginal delivery )

Early postpartum (lt48 hrs after vaginal delivery)

Intracesarean

2-3 weeks postpartum (investigational)

4-6 weeks postpartum (standard)

Dr Paul Blumenthal httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ 25

IUDs in the postpartum Immediate

post-placental vaginal delivery

Within 10 min of placenta delivery

Expulsion rates vary (10-38)

High-risk patients 50 no show

Similar user rates at 6 months

High patient acceptability

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Dahlke 2011 Chen 2010 Stuart 2014 Lopez 201526

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Early postpartum vaginal delivery

Different than immediate post-placental

lt 48 hours postpartum morning after delivery

Higher expulsion rates 5-70

Copper IUD less expulsion than LNG-IUS

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Increased role internationally

Dahlke 2011 Stuart 2012 Stuart2014 Lopez 201527

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Intracesarean

Post-placental at time of cesarean delivery

Expulsion rate lower than vaginal insertion

Requires minimal training

Challenges

String visibility in office

Reimbursement

Logistics

Levi 2015 Lester 201528

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

2-3 weeks postpartum

Uterus 66 involuted day 14 postpartum

Pregnancy is physiologically impossible

Benefit of a 2 week postpartum visit

Convenience for mom

Combining pediatric amp maternal visits

Ongoing studies to investigate expulsion amp patient

satisfaction

Uncertain role of ultrasound

Belachew 2012 Speroff 200829

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

6 weeks postpartum

Standard protocol for most providers 6 weeks

Problems

Ovulation in those not exclusively breast feeding

Resumption of intercourse

Poor adherence to 6-week visit among high-risk

2 visit protocols

Potential solution 4 week visit with same day

insertion

CDC 2010 Stuart 2014 Teal 2015 Zerden 2015 30

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC

Contraceptive Implant Nexplanon

CDC MEC Non-breastfeeding = 1

Breastfeeding = 2

RCT No difference in breastfeeding when placed 1-3 days

vs 4-8 weeks postpartum

Challenges

Reimbursement

Hospital participation

Gurtcheff 2011 31

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations

Integrate into prenatal care

ACOG AAP 6 months exclusive 12 months continuation

Infant benefits reductions

Infectious risk (GI otitis media respiratory infections) chronic diseases (obesity autoimmune conditions including asthma and diabetes mellitus type I) infant mortality from SIDS

Maternal benefits reductions

Breast amp ovarian cancer risk diabetes mellitus type II hypertension hyperlipidemia amp cardiovascular diseases

Stuebe 201032

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations LARC

Copper IUD (ParaGard) No concerns

Levonorgestrel IUD

Small systemic progesterone levels

Limited evidence reduction in breastfeeding

Now with 3 available types in the US

Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon)

Higher systemic progesterone levels

Best evidence no change in breastfeeding

Chen 2011 Gurtcheff 2011 33

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 24: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

Available LARC in the

postpartum

24Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

When

Immediate postpartum(lt 10 min after vaginal delivery )

Early postpartum (lt48 hrs after vaginal delivery)

Intracesarean

2-3 weeks postpartum (investigational)

4-6 weeks postpartum (standard)

Dr Paul Blumenthal httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ 25

IUDs in the postpartum Immediate

post-placental vaginal delivery

Within 10 min of placenta delivery

Expulsion rates vary (10-38)

High-risk patients 50 no show

Similar user rates at 6 months

High patient acceptability

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Dahlke 2011 Chen 2010 Stuart 2014 Lopez 201526

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Early postpartum vaginal delivery

Different than immediate post-placental

lt 48 hours postpartum morning after delivery

Higher expulsion rates 5-70

Copper IUD less expulsion than LNG-IUS

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Increased role internationally

Dahlke 2011 Stuart 2012 Stuart2014 Lopez 201527

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Intracesarean

Post-placental at time of cesarean delivery

Expulsion rate lower than vaginal insertion

Requires minimal training

Challenges

String visibility in office

Reimbursement

Logistics

Levi 2015 Lester 201528

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

2-3 weeks postpartum

Uterus 66 involuted day 14 postpartum

Pregnancy is physiologically impossible

Benefit of a 2 week postpartum visit

Convenience for mom

Combining pediatric amp maternal visits

Ongoing studies to investigate expulsion amp patient

satisfaction

Uncertain role of ultrasound

Belachew 2012 Speroff 200829

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

6 weeks postpartum

Standard protocol for most providers 6 weeks

Problems

Ovulation in those not exclusively breast feeding

Resumption of intercourse

Poor adherence to 6-week visit among high-risk

2 visit protocols

Potential solution 4 week visit with same day

insertion

CDC 2010 Stuart 2014 Teal 2015 Zerden 2015 30

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC

Contraceptive Implant Nexplanon

CDC MEC Non-breastfeeding = 1

Breastfeeding = 2

RCT No difference in breastfeeding when placed 1-3 days

vs 4-8 weeks postpartum

Challenges

Reimbursement

Hospital participation

Gurtcheff 2011 31

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations

Integrate into prenatal care

ACOG AAP 6 months exclusive 12 months continuation

Infant benefits reductions

Infectious risk (GI otitis media respiratory infections) chronic diseases (obesity autoimmune conditions including asthma and diabetes mellitus type I) infant mortality from SIDS

Maternal benefits reductions

Breast amp ovarian cancer risk diabetes mellitus type II hypertension hyperlipidemia amp cardiovascular diseases

Stuebe 201032

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations LARC

Copper IUD (ParaGard) No concerns

Levonorgestrel IUD

Small systemic progesterone levels

Limited evidence reduction in breastfeeding

Now with 3 available types in the US

Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon)

Higher systemic progesterone levels

Best evidence no change in breastfeeding

Chen 2011 Gurtcheff 2011 33

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 25: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

IUDs in the postpartum

When

Immediate postpartum(lt 10 min after vaginal delivery )

Early postpartum (lt48 hrs after vaginal delivery)

Intracesarean

2-3 weeks postpartum (investigational)

4-6 weeks postpartum (standard)

Dr Paul Blumenthal httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ 25

IUDs in the postpartum Immediate

post-placental vaginal delivery

Within 10 min of placenta delivery

Expulsion rates vary (10-38)

High-risk patients 50 no show

Similar user rates at 6 months

High patient acceptability

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Dahlke 2011 Chen 2010 Stuart 2014 Lopez 201526

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Early postpartum vaginal delivery

Different than immediate post-placental

lt 48 hours postpartum morning after delivery

Higher expulsion rates 5-70

Copper IUD less expulsion than LNG-IUS

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Increased role internationally

Dahlke 2011 Stuart 2012 Stuart2014 Lopez 201527

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Intracesarean

Post-placental at time of cesarean delivery

Expulsion rate lower than vaginal insertion

Requires minimal training

Challenges

String visibility in office

Reimbursement

Logistics

Levi 2015 Lester 201528

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

2-3 weeks postpartum

Uterus 66 involuted day 14 postpartum

Pregnancy is physiologically impossible

Benefit of a 2 week postpartum visit

Convenience for mom

Combining pediatric amp maternal visits

Ongoing studies to investigate expulsion amp patient

satisfaction

Uncertain role of ultrasound

Belachew 2012 Speroff 200829

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

6 weeks postpartum

Standard protocol for most providers 6 weeks

Problems

Ovulation in those not exclusively breast feeding

Resumption of intercourse

Poor adherence to 6-week visit among high-risk

2 visit protocols

Potential solution 4 week visit with same day

insertion

CDC 2010 Stuart 2014 Teal 2015 Zerden 2015 30

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC

Contraceptive Implant Nexplanon

CDC MEC Non-breastfeeding = 1

Breastfeeding = 2

RCT No difference in breastfeeding when placed 1-3 days

vs 4-8 weeks postpartum

Challenges

Reimbursement

Hospital participation

Gurtcheff 2011 31

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations

Integrate into prenatal care

ACOG AAP 6 months exclusive 12 months continuation

Infant benefits reductions

Infectious risk (GI otitis media respiratory infections) chronic diseases (obesity autoimmune conditions including asthma and diabetes mellitus type I) infant mortality from SIDS

Maternal benefits reductions

Breast amp ovarian cancer risk diabetes mellitus type II hypertension hyperlipidemia amp cardiovascular diseases

Stuebe 201032

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations LARC

Copper IUD (ParaGard) No concerns

Levonorgestrel IUD

Small systemic progesterone levels

Limited evidence reduction in breastfeeding

Now with 3 available types in the US

Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon)

Higher systemic progesterone levels

Best evidence no change in breastfeeding

Chen 2011 Gurtcheff 2011 33

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 26: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

IUDs in the postpartum Immediate

post-placental vaginal delivery

Within 10 min of placenta delivery

Expulsion rates vary (10-38)

High-risk patients 50 no show

Similar user rates at 6 months

High patient acceptability

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Dahlke 2011 Chen 2010 Stuart 2014 Lopez 201526

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Early postpartum vaginal delivery

Different than immediate post-placental

lt 48 hours postpartum morning after delivery

Higher expulsion rates 5-70

Copper IUD less expulsion than LNG-IUS

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Increased role internationally

Dahlke 2011 Stuart 2012 Stuart2014 Lopez 201527

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Intracesarean

Post-placental at time of cesarean delivery

Expulsion rate lower than vaginal insertion

Requires minimal training

Challenges

String visibility in office

Reimbursement

Logistics

Levi 2015 Lester 201528

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

2-3 weeks postpartum

Uterus 66 involuted day 14 postpartum

Pregnancy is physiologically impossible

Benefit of a 2 week postpartum visit

Convenience for mom

Combining pediatric amp maternal visits

Ongoing studies to investigate expulsion amp patient

satisfaction

Uncertain role of ultrasound

Belachew 2012 Speroff 200829

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

6 weeks postpartum

Standard protocol for most providers 6 weeks

Problems

Ovulation in those not exclusively breast feeding

Resumption of intercourse

Poor adherence to 6-week visit among high-risk

2 visit protocols

Potential solution 4 week visit with same day

insertion

CDC 2010 Stuart 2014 Teal 2015 Zerden 2015 30

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC

Contraceptive Implant Nexplanon

CDC MEC Non-breastfeeding = 1

Breastfeeding = 2

RCT No difference in breastfeeding when placed 1-3 days

vs 4-8 weeks postpartum

Challenges

Reimbursement

Hospital participation

Gurtcheff 2011 31

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations

Integrate into prenatal care

ACOG AAP 6 months exclusive 12 months continuation

Infant benefits reductions

Infectious risk (GI otitis media respiratory infections) chronic diseases (obesity autoimmune conditions including asthma and diabetes mellitus type I) infant mortality from SIDS

Maternal benefits reductions

Breast amp ovarian cancer risk diabetes mellitus type II hypertension hyperlipidemia amp cardiovascular diseases

Stuebe 201032

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations LARC

Copper IUD (ParaGard) No concerns

Levonorgestrel IUD

Small systemic progesterone levels

Limited evidence reduction in breastfeeding

Now with 3 available types in the US

Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon)

Higher systemic progesterone levels

Best evidence no change in breastfeeding

Chen 2011 Gurtcheff 2011 33

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 27: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

IUDs in the postpartum

Early postpartum vaginal delivery

Different than immediate post-placental

lt 48 hours postpartum morning after delivery

Higher expulsion rates 5-70

Copper IUD less expulsion than LNG-IUS

Learning curve of providers

Experience of clinician matters

Increased role internationally

Dahlke 2011 Stuart 2012 Stuart2014 Lopez 201527

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

Intracesarean

Post-placental at time of cesarean delivery

Expulsion rate lower than vaginal insertion

Requires minimal training

Challenges

String visibility in office

Reimbursement

Logistics

Levi 2015 Lester 201528

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

2-3 weeks postpartum

Uterus 66 involuted day 14 postpartum

Pregnancy is physiologically impossible

Benefit of a 2 week postpartum visit

Convenience for mom

Combining pediatric amp maternal visits

Ongoing studies to investigate expulsion amp patient

satisfaction

Uncertain role of ultrasound

Belachew 2012 Speroff 200829

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

6 weeks postpartum

Standard protocol for most providers 6 weeks

Problems

Ovulation in those not exclusively breast feeding

Resumption of intercourse

Poor adherence to 6-week visit among high-risk

2 visit protocols

Potential solution 4 week visit with same day

insertion

CDC 2010 Stuart 2014 Teal 2015 Zerden 2015 30

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC

Contraceptive Implant Nexplanon

CDC MEC Non-breastfeeding = 1

Breastfeeding = 2

RCT No difference in breastfeeding when placed 1-3 days

vs 4-8 weeks postpartum

Challenges

Reimbursement

Hospital participation

Gurtcheff 2011 31

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations

Integrate into prenatal care

ACOG AAP 6 months exclusive 12 months continuation

Infant benefits reductions

Infectious risk (GI otitis media respiratory infections) chronic diseases (obesity autoimmune conditions including asthma and diabetes mellitus type I) infant mortality from SIDS

Maternal benefits reductions

Breast amp ovarian cancer risk diabetes mellitus type II hypertension hyperlipidemia amp cardiovascular diseases

Stuebe 201032

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations LARC

Copper IUD (ParaGard) No concerns

Levonorgestrel IUD

Small systemic progesterone levels

Limited evidence reduction in breastfeeding

Now with 3 available types in the US

Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon)

Higher systemic progesterone levels

Best evidence no change in breastfeeding

Chen 2011 Gurtcheff 2011 33

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 28: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

IUDs in the postpartum

Intracesarean

Post-placental at time of cesarean delivery

Expulsion rate lower than vaginal insertion

Requires minimal training

Challenges

String visibility in office

Reimbursement

Logistics

Levi 2015 Lester 201528

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

2-3 weeks postpartum

Uterus 66 involuted day 14 postpartum

Pregnancy is physiologically impossible

Benefit of a 2 week postpartum visit

Convenience for mom

Combining pediatric amp maternal visits

Ongoing studies to investigate expulsion amp patient

satisfaction

Uncertain role of ultrasound

Belachew 2012 Speroff 200829

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

6 weeks postpartum

Standard protocol for most providers 6 weeks

Problems

Ovulation in those not exclusively breast feeding

Resumption of intercourse

Poor adherence to 6-week visit among high-risk

2 visit protocols

Potential solution 4 week visit with same day

insertion

CDC 2010 Stuart 2014 Teal 2015 Zerden 2015 30

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC

Contraceptive Implant Nexplanon

CDC MEC Non-breastfeeding = 1

Breastfeeding = 2

RCT No difference in breastfeeding when placed 1-3 days

vs 4-8 weeks postpartum

Challenges

Reimbursement

Hospital participation

Gurtcheff 2011 31

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations

Integrate into prenatal care

ACOG AAP 6 months exclusive 12 months continuation

Infant benefits reductions

Infectious risk (GI otitis media respiratory infections) chronic diseases (obesity autoimmune conditions including asthma and diabetes mellitus type I) infant mortality from SIDS

Maternal benefits reductions

Breast amp ovarian cancer risk diabetes mellitus type II hypertension hyperlipidemia amp cardiovascular diseases

Stuebe 201032

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations LARC

Copper IUD (ParaGard) No concerns

Levonorgestrel IUD

Small systemic progesterone levels

Limited evidence reduction in breastfeeding

Now with 3 available types in the US

Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon)

Higher systemic progesterone levels

Best evidence no change in breastfeeding

Chen 2011 Gurtcheff 2011 33

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 29: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

IUDs in the postpartum

2-3 weeks postpartum

Uterus 66 involuted day 14 postpartum

Pregnancy is physiologically impossible

Benefit of a 2 week postpartum visit

Convenience for mom

Combining pediatric amp maternal visits

Ongoing studies to investigate expulsion amp patient

satisfaction

Uncertain role of ultrasound

Belachew 2012 Speroff 200829

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

IUDs in the postpartum

6 weeks postpartum

Standard protocol for most providers 6 weeks

Problems

Ovulation in those not exclusively breast feeding

Resumption of intercourse

Poor adherence to 6-week visit among high-risk

2 visit protocols

Potential solution 4 week visit with same day

insertion

CDC 2010 Stuart 2014 Teal 2015 Zerden 2015 30

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC

Contraceptive Implant Nexplanon

CDC MEC Non-breastfeeding = 1

Breastfeeding = 2

RCT No difference in breastfeeding when placed 1-3 days

vs 4-8 weeks postpartum

Challenges

Reimbursement

Hospital participation

Gurtcheff 2011 31

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations

Integrate into prenatal care

ACOG AAP 6 months exclusive 12 months continuation

Infant benefits reductions

Infectious risk (GI otitis media respiratory infections) chronic diseases (obesity autoimmune conditions including asthma and diabetes mellitus type I) infant mortality from SIDS

Maternal benefits reductions

Breast amp ovarian cancer risk diabetes mellitus type II hypertension hyperlipidemia amp cardiovascular diseases

Stuebe 201032

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations LARC

Copper IUD (ParaGard) No concerns

Levonorgestrel IUD

Small systemic progesterone levels

Limited evidence reduction in breastfeeding

Now with 3 available types in the US

Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon)

Higher systemic progesterone levels

Best evidence no change in breastfeeding

Chen 2011 Gurtcheff 2011 33

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 30: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

IUDs in the postpartum

6 weeks postpartum

Standard protocol for most providers 6 weeks

Problems

Ovulation in those not exclusively breast feeding

Resumption of intercourse

Poor adherence to 6-week visit among high-risk

2 visit protocols

Potential solution 4 week visit with same day

insertion

CDC 2010 Stuart 2014 Teal 2015 Zerden 2015 30

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC

Contraceptive Implant Nexplanon

CDC MEC Non-breastfeeding = 1

Breastfeeding = 2

RCT No difference in breastfeeding when placed 1-3 days

vs 4-8 weeks postpartum

Challenges

Reimbursement

Hospital participation

Gurtcheff 2011 31

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations

Integrate into prenatal care

ACOG AAP 6 months exclusive 12 months continuation

Infant benefits reductions

Infectious risk (GI otitis media respiratory infections) chronic diseases (obesity autoimmune conditions including asthma and diabetes mellitus type I) infant mortality from SIDS

Maternal benefits reductions

Breast amp ovarian cancer risk diabetes mellitus type II hypertension hyperlipidemia amp cardiovascular diseases

Stuebe 201032

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations LARC

Copper IUD (ParaGard) No concerns

Levonorgestrel IUD

Small systemic progesterone levels

Limited evidence reduction in breastfeeding

Now with 3 available types in the US

Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon)

Higher systemic progesterone levels

Best evidence no change in breastfeeding

Chen 2011 Gurtcheff 2011 33

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 31: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

Postpartum LARC

Contraceptive Implant Nexplanon

CDC MEC Non-breastfeeding = 1

Breastfeeding = 2

RCT No difference in breastfeeding when placed 1-3 days

vs 4-8 weeks postpartum

Challenges

Reimbursement

Hospital participation

Gurtcheff 2011 31

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations

Integrate into prenatal care

ACOG AAP 6 months exclusive 12 months continuation

Infant benefits reductions

Infectious risk (GI otitis media respiratory infections) chronic diseases (obesity autoimmune conditions including asthma and diabetes mellitus type I) infant mortality from SIDS

Maternal benefits reductions

Breast amp ovarian cancer risk diabetes mellitus type II hypertension hyperlipidemia amp cardiovascular diseases

Stuebe 201032

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations LARC

Copper IUD (ParaGard) No concerns

Levonorgestrel IUD

Small systemic progesterone levels

Limited evidence reduction in breastfeeding

Now with 3 available types in the US

Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon)

Higher systemic progesterone levels

Best evidence no change in breastfeeding

Chen 2011 Gurtcheff 2011 33

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 32: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

Breastfeeding

considerations

Integrate into prenatal care

ACOG AAP 6 months exclusive 12 months continuation

Infant benefits reductions

Infectious risk (GI otitis media respiratory infections) chronic diseases (obesity autoimmune conditions including asthma and diabetes mellitus type I) infant mortality from SIDS

Maternal benefits reductions

Breast amp ovarian cancer risk diabetes mellitus type II hypertension hyperlipidemia amp cardiovascular diseases

Stuebe 201032

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Breastfeeding

considerations LARC

Copper IUD (ParaGard) No concerns

Levonorgestrel IUD

Small systemic progesterone levels

Limited evidence reduction in breastfeeding

Now with 3 available types in the US

Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon)

Higher systemic progesterone levels

Best evidence no change in breastfeeding

Chen 2011 Gurtcheff 2011 33

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 33: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

Breastfeeding

considerations LARC

Copper IUD (ParaGard) No concerns

Levonorgestrel IUD

Small systemic progesterone levels

Limited evidence reduction in breastfeeding

Now with 3 available types in the US

Contraceptive Implant (Nexplanon)

Higher systemic progesterone levels

Best evidence no change in breastfeeding

Chen 2011 Gurtcheff 2011 33

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 34: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

Reproductive Life Planning

Begin in the prenatal period

Align future pregnancy intentions with contraception

method

Use PMH risk screening form to determine

intendedness of current pregnancy

Goal facilitating reproductive life plan guide patient

to the most effective contraception

34Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 35: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

Immediate Postpartum

LARC Insurance Medicaid

Challenges limit availability of hospital reimbursement

for devices

Success in other states South Carolina

NC exploring expanding access

Key stakeholders working together

Medicaid has capacity to reimburse providers for PP

LARC amp for insertion

35Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 36: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

Medicaid Coverage

All contraceptive methods including LARC

Local CCNC OB team is willing to

provide leadership

Work with your hospital to discuss processes

for reimbursement for immediate PP insertion

PMH practices need to optimize LARC

provision

LARC stocking reimbursement

Reach out to CCNC OB team for

assistance 36

Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 37: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

Available LARC in the

postpartum

37Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 38: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

Available LARC in the

postpartum

LARC product CPT HCPCS Code

Mirena IUD J7302-FP

Nexplanon J7307-FP

ParaGard IUD J7300-FP

Skyla IUD J7301-FP

Liletta IUD J7302-FP

Liletta and Mirena currently share a billing code (J7302)

38Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 39: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Discussion Questions

39Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 40: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

Postpartum LARC Pathway

Resources

CDC MEC Contraception

httpwwwcdcgovreproductivehealthunintendedpregnancyusmechtm

Larcfirstcom

Counseling videos and scripts for providers

Bedsiderorg

ACOG Publications

Committee Opinion No 450

Committee Opinion No 539

Dr Paul Blumenthalrsquos video PP vaginal IUD insertion httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=uMcTsuf8XxQ

40Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 41: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2010 adapted from the World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 4th edition MMWR Recomm Rep 2010 Jun 1859(RR-4)1-86

Kapp N Curtis K Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period a systematic review Contraception 2009 80 327-36

Belachew J Axelsson O Mulic-Lutvica A Eurenius K Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012 Oct91(10)1184-90

Bratten KP Benson CB Maurer R Goldberg AB Malpositioned Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices Risk Factors Outcomes and Future Pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 2011 Vol 118(5) 1014-20

Speroff L Mishell DR The postpartum visit itrsquos time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception Contraception 2008 7890-8

Shimoni N Davis A Westhoff C Can ultrasound predict IUD expulsion after medical abortion Contraception Published online 21 January 2014

Baldwin MK Edelman AB The effect of long acting reversible contraception on rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescents a review J Adolesc Health 2013 Apr52(4 Suppl)S47-53

Conde-Agudelo A Rosas-Bermuacutedez A Kafury-Goeta AC Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes a metaanalysis JAMA 2006 2951809ndash23

Chen BA Reeves MF Creinin MD and Schwarz EB Postplacental or delayed levonorgestrel intrauterine device insertion and breast-feeding duration Contraception 84 (5) 2011 499-504

httpwwwacogorgAbout_ACOGACOG_DepartmentsLong_Acting_Reversible_ContraceptionCoding_and_Reimbursement_for_LARC~mediaDepartmentsLARCHMAPostpartumReimbursmentResourcepdf accessed March 19 2014

Tocce K Sheeder J Python J Teal SB Long acting reversible contraception in postpartum adolescents early initiation of etonogestrel implant is superior to IUDs in the outpatient setting J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012 Feb25(1)59-63

Merki-Feld GS Schwarz D Imthurn B amp Keller PJ Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion 2008 European Journal of Obstetrics amp Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 137(1) 92-96

Zerden ML Tang JH Stuart GS Norton D Verbiest SB Brody S Barriers to receiving long-acting reversible contraception in the postpartum period Womenrsquos Health Issues In Press

Gurtcheff SE Turok DK Stoddard G Murphy PA Gibson M Jones KP Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 2011 117(5) 1114-21

Stuebe AM and Schwarz EB The risk and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children Journal of Perinatology 2010 30 155-62

Dahlke JD Terpstra ER Ramseyer AM Busch JM Rieg T Magann EF Postpartum insertion of levonorgestrel-intrauterine system at three time periods a prospective randomized pilot study Contraception Sep 201184(3)244-248

17

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment

Page 42: Reproductive Life Planning and the Use of Postpartum LARC

Questions

Matthew L Zerden MD MPH

Matthew_Zerdenmeduncedu

42Funding for this project is provided in part by The Duke Endowment