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Sustainable Urban

Habitat

GTZ-ASEM 20/10/2010

Report of the Workshop on Technical Recommendations for the City

Sanitation Plans – 10th December, 2010

[WORKSHOP ON TECHNICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FORTHE PREPARATION OF THE CITY SANITATION PLANS –

10TH DECEMBER, 2010]

1. Background

GTZ-ASEM is supporting the Municipal Corporations of Shimla, Varanasi, Nashik, Raipur,

Kochi and Tirupati in the preparation of City Sanitation Plans (CSPs) under the National

Urban Sanitation Policy (NUSP) formulated by the Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD),

Government of India (GoI) in the year 2008. The City Sanitation Plan is a comprehensive

document which details out the short, medium and long term measures for the issues

related to governance, technical, financial, capacity enhancement, awareness and pro-poor

interventions to achieve the goal of NUSP to create community driven, totally sanitized,

healthy and liveable cities and towns. GTZ-ASEM selected Consortium of DEWATS

Dissemination (CDD) and ICRA Management Consulting Service as potential consultants

for carrying out the exercise. GTZ-ASEM conducted a workshop with the CSP consultants

on identifying the technical recommendations for the preparation of the CSPs.

a) Objectives

To discuss the key issues and the current situation of the status reports

To discuss the concept/strategy for ward proposals and awareness campaigns

To discuss the utilization of the tools for data interpretation and subsequent

recommendations

To discuss the available technical options for improving sanitation situation in the

cities

b) Target Group

CSP consultants of GTZ-ASEM from CDD, Alchemy, CEPT and IMaCS

c) Expected Outcomes:

It is expected that the workshop will identify the key issues concerning sanitation in terms of

access, conveyance/transportation and treatment of waste water. It is also expected that the

workshop will identify the possible technical solutions for improving the sanitation situation

in the selected cities.

d) Agenda of the meeting: Attached please find as Annexure – I



2. Status Reports – Current Status:

The current status of the preparation of the Status Report for the cities of Shimla, Varanasi and Raipur are as follows:

There is a need to clarify & sensitize

the city on sharing the entire status

report with all CTF members in cities

which oppose the idea of sharing the

entire status report to the CTF

members apart from the executive

summary. This process is agreed to

be followed up by Environmental

cells of GTZ-ASEM will take up this

issue and should discuss with the

city.

GTZ will support the process of finalization of ward boundaries in Shimla. CDD will continue

the analysis/data interpretations for subsequent recommendations under the CSP. GTZ will

also support CDD in formalizing the CTF formation in Shimla.

CEPT prepared the minutes of the meeting on the comments of Varanasi Municipal

Corporation on the current status report. This minutes will be sent to GTZ and GTZ will

forward the same to Varanasi Municipal Corporation (VMC) to ensure that all comments of

VMC are documented and addressed in the revised version of the status report.

Completed In Process To be initiated Fig1: Status of CSP preparation for Raipur, Shimla and Varanasi cities



The current status of the preparation of the Status Report for the cities of Nahsik, Kochi and Tirupati are as follows:

2. Presentation on the concept/strategy for ward proposals and awareness campaigns:

Ward Proposals go beyond awareness generation and infrastructural requirements. A clear

idea of the current sanitation situation in the wards should be documented. Each ward

proposals were suggested to be a stand alone project proposals (like to two proposals of

Varanasi) with a clear definition of objectives, problem identification and subsequent

recommendations. The proposals should also make a rough cost estimations for

implementation.

While awareness generation strategy for the whole city; awareness generation campaigns

can be a part of the ward proposals (depending on the local demand). The purpose of ward

proposals is to feed in the experiences at ward level interventions into the CSP inorder to

ensure that the CSP addresses the core sanitation problems of the city. Ward proposals

might not be confined to mere awareness strategy. The ward proposals should consider the

current sanitation situation in the identified wards and give suggestions for technical and

awareness recommendations. While awareness generation strategy for the whole city;

Fig 2: Status of CSP preparation for Nashik, Kochi and Tirupati cities



awareness generation campaigns can be a part of the ward proposals (depending on the

local demand).

Status of Ward Proposals in the preparation of the City Sanitation Plans

Ward Proposals Objective Status

Varanasi

Proposal 1:

Improvement of sanitation in

the selected stretch of ghats

Linkage of Sanitation with

the livelihood of the people

living along the ghats

Draft proposal prepared by

Mr. Shubham Mishra and

revised by CEPT

Proposal 2:

Improvement of sanitation

situation in the weavers

colony

Poor sanitation situation in

the colony and effluents from

local the dyeing industries

Draft proposal prepared by

CEPT

Shimla

Wards selection done One tourist spot where solid

waste is dumped in the

nullahs and one residential

area Possible collaboration

with CSE for implementing

DEWATS?

Suggestions to discuss with

MCS regarding identification

of another ward (apart from

the selected residential area)

Kochi

Ward no: 26 in fort Kochi

Area

Tourist area with some

informal slum pockets -

Septage Management as

critical issue

Proposal to be prepared

Ward no: 62: Kallur

Palarivattam area

Poor sanitation situation in

the slum areas




Raipur

Alchemy survey identified 2

wards (Ward 53 and 11) –

Suggestion from RMC to

take up another ward

High density residential slum

area and congested

business district –

Suggestion to consider lake

protection and grey water

management as focus

subjects in one ward

Awareness raising

plan/strategy is prepared for

the initially selected 2 wards

Nashik

Wards selection done one slum area and one area

along the river Godavari –

Sanitation plan for ghat area


Tirupati

Election ward no: 16 Commercial and tourist area Focus on eradicating open

urination and improved solid

waste management

(clogging of drains)

Election ward no: 17 Urban fringe and slum area Proposal to be prepared

3. Discussion on CSP Tools:

3.1. City Wide Water mass-flow-diagram:

The city wide water mass flow diagram should be looked into as a long term goal in

achieving the goal of the National Urban Sanitation Policy to create healthy and liveable

cities. The mass flow diagram shows an overview of the water situation from source to

source and identifies the problems in the current system of water and waste water in the city.



It is suggested that each component in the water table to be clearly defined (for e.g. the term

“Informal Supply”). It is also mentioned that it might not be possible to prepare a detailed

water mass flow diagram for the entire city. It is suggested to consider standard assumptions

where exact data is not available and the assumptions wherever done should be similar to

the reliability index of the Service Level Benchmarking (SLB) exercise rating from A to D

where “A” stands for highly reliable data and “D” stands for least reliable data.

3.2. Introduction of asset- and O&M-matrix

A mapping of the all existing infrastructure (assets) under each department of the municipal

corporation (Solid waste management, water supply, sanitation, storm water drainage, etc)

can be a good entry point in documenting and interpretation of the O&M costs under each

department. In areas where no reliable data is available the assumptions made should also

consider the SLB data reliability index ranking from “A” to “D”.

Fig 3: Status of CSP preparation for Raipur, Shimla and Varanasi cities



3.3 First draft of the guidelines on city wide mapping

The first draft is shared with all the participants of the workshop for their comments and

suggestions. Mr. Stephan from GTZ will get in touch with Mr. Saswat, CEPT to check the

available guidelines for the preparation of base and thematic maps.

4. Open discussion on technical recommendations:

4.1. Access to sanitation facilities

a. How to improve access to better sanitation facilities in unserved areas?

The process of data interpretation, analysis and technical recommendations for unserved

shouldn’t be confined to the slum areas. The identification of the possible technical options

for improving access to better sanitation facilities can be categorized into the following areas:

- Economically not viable

- Legally not possible

- Open Defecation hot spots

Fig4: Example of the O&M matrix for sanitation



There was a suggestion to look into the Joint monitoring program for clear definitions on

improved access to sanitation facilities. Community based approach towards ensuring open

defecation free and improving access to sanitation were found to be a good tool. National

Urban Health mission developed indicators for accessing sanitation facilities in urban areas.

Recommendations on eradicating manual scavenging are to be addressed in the CSP as an

occupational health issues.

b How to improve sanitation facilities in public toilets?

Water supply and operation

and maintenance issues are

found to be key issues for

lack of proper utilization of

the public toilets. Restricted

timings to use the toilets is

another biggest issue in

public/community toilets.

Kochi has an issue of

financial sustainability due to

location and climatic issues

(regular clogging of drains).

Contractual arrangements of

the Municipal Corporations

with the private operator

should be looked into and

the critical issues have to be

highlighted in the CSP. The

contact person for

addressing the problems in

the toilet complexes is often

not clear and has to be addressed adequately in the CSP. The following issues were

identified as key focal areas while addressing the issues of toilet complexes:

- Design of the toilets has to be relooked while addressing the issue of PTC’s/CTC’s

- Linking with the income generation programs

Fig 5: Results of the group discussion on “Improving Access” to sanitation facilities



- Decentralised composting units

- Design aspects considering the space constraints

- Child/physically challenged

- Security issues

Decision taken: Neelima (Alchemy) will define the public and community toilet and circulate to the group

c What is the solution for open defecation/urination?

Please refer to chapter 1.a

d Sanitation access for urban fringes/new development areas:

The recommendations under the CSP will include possible bye-laws in the municipal

corporation for treatment of waste water. A set of recommendations at the state level which

approve the DPR’s and sanction the money for infrastructural improvement projects might

also be included in the CSP. The role of real estate builder associations in this process of

decentralised waste water treatment should be further explored.

3.2 Transportation &Treatment of waste water

a. Improving the existing sewer network and the O&M issues:

The key issues identified include reluctance to connect to sewer system unless forced by the

ULB and connecting overflow of septic tank to the storm sewer. The number of households

connected to the sewer network is often unclear. Shimla Municipal Corporation is planning to

conduct a survey on the number of houses connected and to be connected to the Sewer

network.



The issues of waterless

transportation as a

technological option has

to be further explored in

all the cities. Designing

of the STP’s should

consider the amount of

black and greywater.

Identifying the core

problems and possible

technical solutions for

the identified problems

on a step wise basis is

suggested. A SWOT

analysis on the possible

technological options is

found to be helpful for

the decision makers.

b How to eradicate misuse of storm sewers?

Since the process of misuse of storm sewers majorly occurs because of uncontrolled

dumping/littering od solid waste; there is a need to address this issue adequately under the

CSP.

Decision Taken: GTZ will plan for conducting a joint event with the solid waste management consultants and CSP consultants. This meeting will focus on identifying the critical issues

concerning solid waste management and sanitation and identify suggestions for

improvement. The meeting will also explore possibilities of technological options like waste

to energy. The date and venue of this event will be proposed in due time.

c. Evaluation of decentralised treatment of grey and black water as a solution

Fig 6: Results of the group discussion on “Transportation/Conveyance and Treatment” of waste water



Decentralised/on-site treatment systems are often proposed to complement the existing

centralised/off-site treatment systems. Recommendations for decentralised options should

also consider the financial sustainability of the system and identify possible operator models.

Need for qualified people for O&M of the system. This point has to be mentioned in the

recommendations of capacity building.

d. Septage management

There is a need for better monitoring of the septic tank in accordance to the available norms.

There is a need to address the issue of septic tank adequately in all cities. Since manual

scavenging act doesn’t address the cleaning of the septic tank, this issue has to be

addressed in the CSP. Suggestions for the State Sanitation Strategy on the technical

solution for septic tanks can be included in the CSP.

Decisions Taken: A core group is formed to identify the critical issues and the available norms for septic tanks. The core group will also address the status of the private operators

involved in the process. The core group comprises of:

- Rajesh (CDD)

- Ramana (GTZ)

- Sunder (IMaCS)

e. How to monitor treatment systems (on- and off-site)?

The technical recommendations for monitoring both on and off site treatment systems should

also mention the institutional responsibilities. Possible linkage with the property tax system

of the city is found to be a good starting point in order to ensure 100% compliance to the

available norms.

3.3 Cost Implications for the proposed recommendations

As mentioned in the CSP ToR’s each recommendation should also mention the cost

implications. The cost implications mentioned along with the recommendations will also help

the city in prioritizing the interventions post CSP.

4. How to include cities for preparing the “5-action-plans”?



Though there was only partial involvement of the city in the preparation of the status report; it

is suggested in the workshop that the process of preparation of the action plans (Access,

O&M, Financial, Technical and Governance/Institutional issues) should be done in close

cooperation with the cities.

5. Closing Remarks/Next steps

Several issues concerning capacity building were raised in the workshop and there

suggestion for connecting of the capacity building activities into the course curricula at

school level (linkage to the National School Sanitation Initiative) till university level.



Annexure – I

Agenda of the Workshop

Time Topics of Discussion Who

10:00 – 10.10

Welcome Introduction All

10:10 – 10:30

Presentation on the current status GTZ/All

10:30 – 11:30

Presentation on the concept/strategy for ward proposals and awareness campaigns: -Expectations from GTZ side -Status and strategy of the CSP consultants

GTZ/All

11:30 – 13:00

Discussion on CSP tools: 1. City Wide Water mass-flow-diagramm 2. Introduction of asset- and O&M-matrix 3. First draft of the guidelines on city wide mapping

GTZ

13:00 – 14:00

Lunch

14:00 – 16:30

Open discussion on technical recommendations for improvement of: 1. Access to sanitation facilities

a. How to improve access to better sanitation facilities in unserved areas?

b. How to improve sanitation facilities in public toilets? c. What is the solution for open defecation/urination?

2. Transportation&Treatment a. Improving the existing sewer network and the O&M issues b. How to eradicate misuse of storm sewers? c. Technical solutions for threshold areas (where sewer

networks are overloaded) d. Evaluation of decentralised treatment of grey and black

water) as a solution e. Septage management - What is the future of septic tanks? f. Improving O&M of the existing Sewerage treatment facilities g. How to monitor treatment systems (on- and off-site)? 3. City specific technical issues

All

16:30 - 17:00

Cost Implications for the proposed recommendations GTZ

17:00 – 17.25

How to include cities for preparing the “5-action-plan” All

17:30 Closing Remarks/Next steps



Annexure – II

List of Participants

Name Organization Contact Address

Dr. Regina Dube GTZ-ASEM [email protected]

Dr. Arne Panesar GTZ [email protected]

Mr. Dirk Walther GTZ-ASEM [email protected]

Mrs. Aparna Das GTZ-ASEM [email protected]

Mr. Ramana Gudipudi GTZ-ASEM [email protected]

Mr. Rajesh Pai CDD [email protected]

Mrs. Neelima Thota Alchemy [email protected]

Mr. Rahul CEPT/CDD [email protected]

Mr. Saswat Alchemy/CDD [email protected]

Mr. Kartik Ambalam CEPT [email protected]

Mr. Anand Madhavan IMaCS [email protected]

Mr. Sunder Subramanyam IMaCS [email protected]

Mr. Mahesh Harhare IMaCS [email protected]

Mr. Vibhor Sood GTZ-ASEM [email protected]

Mr. Esakki Raj GTZ-ASEM [email protected]

Mr. Ramesh Nair GTZ-ASEM [email protected]

Mr. Venugopal GTZ-ASEM [email protected]

Dr. Pratibha Singh GTZ-ASEM [email protected]

Mr. Patrick Pulendran GTZ-ASEM [email protected]

Mr. Stefan Eibisch GTZ-ASEM [email protected]

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