REPASO14 MAR 2011 – DÍA 24Neurolingüística del español

SPAN 4270

Harry Howard

Tulane University

ORGANIZACIÓN DEL CURSO

http://www.tulane.edu/~howard/SPAN4130-Neurospan/

El curso es apto para un electivo en neurociencia.

Neurolinguistics and linguistic aphasiology está en reserva en la biblioteca.

Human Research Protection Program http://tulane.edu/asvpr/irb/index.cfm Before beginning research at Tulane University,

all research personnel must complete the CITI Training Program; this can be completed at www.citiprogram.org.

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REPASO

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SUMMARY OF LATERALIZATION OF WORD SEMANTICS

LH RH

Quickly selects most familiar or dominant meaning (convergent processing) while suppressing other less closely related meanings

Slowly selects multiple meanings (divergent processing) that are weakly associated

Primes words that share many semantic features > closely associated words

Primes words that share few semantic features > loosely associated words

Primes the most frequent meaning of an ambiguous word

Primes the less frequent meaning of an ambiguous word

Automatic (unconscious) processing

Consciously controlled and attentive processing

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SUMMARY OF LATERALIZATION OF PHONOLOGY

LH RH

lexical, phrasal, clausal stress;

lexical tone in Thai/Chinese

sentence type

emotional intonation

categorical distinctions graded/continuous distinctions

rapid cues > small window of temporal integration

slow cues > large window of temporal integration

high frequency: formants low frequency: fundamental

time-dependent and sequential, i.e. temporal order, sequence, and duration of sounds and of intervals between sounds

time-independent, i.e. pitch and harmonic structure (spectral) > inability to perceive frequency-related information

[temporal cues] [spectral cues]

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¿DEBE HABER UNA EXPLICACIÓN COMÚN PARA TODAS LAS DIFERENCIAS ENTRE LOS DOS HEMISFERIOS?

HI HD

fonología Factor A Factor B

semántica

léxicaFactor C Factor D

HI HD

fonología Factor A Factor B

semántica

léxicaFactor A Factor B

Teoría 1 Teoría 2

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O sea, ¿cuál es la mejor, la teoría 1 o la 2?

RELACIONES CATEGÓRICAS O COORDINADAS EN LA VISIÓN ESPACIAL

Categórica(el punto verde está

sobre/debajo de la barra)

Coordinada(el punto verde está

cerca/lejos de la barra)

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CODIFICACIÓN FINA O GRUESA

HI: codificación fina – campos receptivos pequeños sin solapamiento

HD: codificación gruesa – campos receptivos grandes con solapamiento

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11 22 33

44 55 66

77 88 99

11 22

33 44

9 neuronas indizan 9 regiones del campo visual

11 22

4 neuronas indizan 8+ regiones del campo visual

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UNA EXPLICACIÓN COMÚN PARA LA DIFERENCIAS ENTRE LOS DOS HEMISFERIOS

Teoría 2

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HI HD

fonologíacodificación

finacodificación

gruesa

semántica

léxicacodificación

finacodificación

gruesa

LA ORGANIZACIÓN SEMÁNTICA DEL LÉXICOHoy es divertido pero desorganizado

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GRANULARITY OF SEMANTIC PROCESSING (BEEMAN) On receipt of a word, the LH mediates focused

activation of the limited subset of semantic content that is tied to the most frequent meaning or to the context at hand defined by precedent words or sentences. The activation concentrated on context-relevant

content works to keep that meaning available for subsequent language comprehension.

In contrast, on the receipt of a word, the RH characteristically generates diffuse activation related to the word's semantic content, including even weakly associated connotative components. In and of itself, the activation of a particular

connotative association of a stimulus may not be strong enough to render that association available for conscious interpretation.

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FINE VS. COARSE SEMANTIC CODING … when people read or hear a word, the LH uses

relatively fine semantic coding to quickly select a single relevant meaning or a few relevant features, discarding the others This makes the LH extremely adept for most language

tasks. In contrast, the RH employs relatively coarse semantic

coding to weakly activate several meanings and many features of the word, including features that are only distantly related to the input word, given the context. This makes the RH less adept at many language tasks

because diffusely activated semantic fields provide only a coarse interpretation of an individual word's meaning.

Diffusely activated semantic fields also provide a poor basis for selecting individual semantic representations, because activation is distributed over many representations, rather than one or a few representations being much more active than the others.

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tiene morro chato

tiene morro chato

CODIFICACIÓN FINA O GRUESA

HI: codificación fina – campos receptivos pequeños sin solapamiento

HD: codificación gruesa – campos receptivos grandes con solapamiento

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se come en el des-

ayuno

se come en el des-

ayuno

es comes-

tible

es comes-

tible

vive en el

campo

vive en el

campo

Kevin BaconKevin Bacon

tiene morro chato

tiene morro chato

tiene el rabo corto

tiene el rabo corto

dice "oink"dice

"oink"

tiene las

patas cortas

tiene las

patas cortas

es gordo

es gordo

se come en el

desayuno

se come en el

desayuno

es comestible

es comestible

dice "oink"dice "oink"

Kevin

B

aco

nK

evin

B

aco

n

tiene morro chato

tiene morro chato

tiene el rabo corto

tiene el rabo corto

tiene las

patas cortas

tiene las

patas cortas

es gordo

es gordo

SUMMARY OF LATERALIZATION

LH: fine coding RH: coarse coding

No overlap & small receptive field → quickly selects most familiar or dominant meaning (convergent processing) while suppressing other less closely related meanings

Much overlap & large receptive field → slowly selects multiple meanings (divergent processing) that are weakly associated

No overlap → primes closely associated words

Much overlap → primes loosely associated words

No overlap → primes most frequent meaning (assumed to be most active)

Much overlap → primes less frequent meanings (assumed to be less active)

No overlap → categorical distinctionsMuch overlap → graded/continuous distinctions

Small receptive field = small window of temporal integration → rapid cues

Large receptive field = large window of temporal integration → slow cues

Small receptive field = high frequency Large receptive field = low frequency

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EL PRÓXIMO DÍAConceptos básicos de la morfología

HOET §3.1

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