Renal SystemCaroll Bai & Brianna Estrada

Period: 4Anatomy/ Physiology

Overview

❖ Consists of the two

kidneys, ureters, the

bladder, and the urethra

❖ Produces, stores, and

eliminates fluid waste

❖ Location❖ Function❖ Regions

➢ Renal sinus, pelvis, medulla, cortex, capsule

➢ Medulla and cortex❖ Nephron: functional unit

of a kidney

Structure- Kidneys

❖ Vasculature➢ Renal arteries,

abdominal aorta, interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries, afferent arterioles, glomerular capillaries, efferent arterioles, and peritubular capillaries

➢ Renal veins

Structure- Kidney pathway

❖ Ureters➢ Tubular organ,

extends from each kidney to bladder (25 cm long)

➢ Mucous, muscular, fibrous coat

➢ Peristalsis

Structure- Ureters

❖ Bladder➢ Trigone➢ Inner layer- mucous

coat➢ Second layer-

submucous coat➢ Third layer- muscular

coat➢ Outer layer- serous coat

Structure- Bladder

❖ Urethra➢ Function

■ Tube that carries urine from bladder to outside of body

➢ Gender difference➢ Urethral glands

Structure- Urethra

❖Glomerulus➢ Filters water and

dissolved substances from plasma

❖ Bowman’s Capsule➢ Receives the

glomerular filtrate

Nephron- Renal Corpuscle

❖ Proximal convoluted tubule➢ Tubular reabsorption

❖ Loop of Henle➢ Descending limb

■ Reabsorption of water by osmosis

➢ Ascending limb■ Reabsorption of metal

ions by active transport❖ Distal convoluted tubule

➢ Tubular secretion by active transport

Nephron- Renal Tubule

❖Reabsorption of water by osmosis

Nephron- Collecting Duct

Urine Creation

❖ Afferent & efferent arterioles❖ Structures involved

➢ Nephron➢ Glomerulus➢ Bowman’s Capsule➢ Loop of Henle➢ Collecting duct

❖ Glomerular filtration❖ Tubular reabsorption❖ Tubular secretion

❖ Bowman’s Capsule❖ Permeable capillaries (fenestrae)❖ Filters by size of molecule❖ Filtered

➢ H2O➢ NaCl, K+, HCO3

-

➢ Glucose➢ Amino Acids➢ Creatinine➢ Urea

Glomerular Filtration

❖ Proximal convoluted tubule (but happens all throughout)❖ Reabsorbed back into blood:

➢ K+

➢ H2O➢ NaCl➢ Amino acids➢ HCO3

-

➢ Glucose■ If present in urine, could indicate abnormality

Tubular Reabsorption

❖Distal convoluted tubule❖ Secreted:

➢ Uric acid➢ K+

➢ H+

➢ Organic acids■ Antibiotics (penicillin)

Tubular Secretion

❖ How much blood passes through the glomeruli each minute

❖ Tests efficiency of kidneys❖ Affected by:

➢ Filtration pressure➢ RAAS (Renin Angiotensin

Aldosterone System)➢ ANP (Atrial Natriuretic

Peptide)■ Increases GFR■ Increases Na+

excretion

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

Filtration Pressure❖ Hydrostatic Pressure

➢ Glomerular- blood■ “Pushing” ex.

balloon➢ Capsule- filtrate

■ “Pulling”❖ Colloid Osmotic (Oncotic)

➢ “Pulling” ex. sponge❖ Net Pressure

➢ All pressures added together

❖ ADH➢ Regulates water

reabsorption in collecting duct

➢ Low ADH: diluted urine

➢ High ADH: concentrated urine

Urine Regulation

Urine

❖ Composition➢ Mostly water➢ Urea, uric acid, and creatinine➢ Some amino acids and electrolytes

❖ Renal clearance: rate at which a chemical is removed from the plasma

❖ Insulin clearance test & creatinine clearance test❖ Para-aminohippuric acid (PAH)

Micturition (Urinary reflex)

❖ The process or reflex or urinating

❖ Structures➢ Bladder➢ Micturition reflex center➢ Detrusor muscle➢ Internal urethral

sphincter➢ External urethral

sphincter

"Aldosterone." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Apr. 2015. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldosterone>.

"Forces of Filtration." YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2015. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VMvD29-Agtg>.

"Glomerular Filtration Rate: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia." U.S National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2015. <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007305.htm>.

"Nephron Function." YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2015. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vNvZaGcLzEo>.

"Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System." YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2015. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDE2qdS2ZvY>.

Works Cited