By: Brianna BurgessBy: Brianna Burgess

77thth period period

Where did the Apache live?Where did the Apache live?

Southern New Mexico, Arizona, Southern New Mexico, Arizona, western Texas, Colorado, and also western Texas, Colorado, and also ranging over parts of northern Mexicoranging over parts of northern Mexico

Occupied mountains and plains in Occupied mountains and plains in these areasthese areas

Area inhabitedArea inhabited

ChiricahuasChiricahuas

Originated from Northwestern corner of North America

- Broke away from Athabascan tribe of Canada

- Migrated south as early as 850 C.E.

Spanish invaded in late 1500s

- brought the horse

Comanche pushed them south in 1700s

- losing buffalo, began raiding to survive

Indian wars of 1848

Put on reservations in 1868-1886

Chief Geronimo died as a prisoner of war in 1909

Migrating Indians

Wikiup~ the most common shelter

-Made of brush, twigs, mud, & reed mats

-fire pit and place for chimney

Nomadic, so didn’t need permanent housing

Plains Apache lived in buckskin tepees

Hogans were used in the desert to keep the heat out

- Burnt down when switching camps

Survived on hunting buffalo 35-40% diet was meat 60-65% diet was of wild plants

Didn’t fish, eat fish, or eat pork -thought they resembled evil animals

limited farming~ corn, beans, squash

Men ~ Deerskin shirt, loin-cloth, leggings, moccasins,

Attractive headdresses with symbolic ornamentation

Women ~ Short deerskin skirt, shirt, and high-top boot moccasins

Both were fond of wearing beaded necklaces & earrings

http://www.posttexas.com/tribaldressgif.gif

Beaded moccasins

T R A D ET R A D E

Spanish invaded in 1500s disrupting trade

- Brought the horse

- hostilities increased when New Mexico became Spanish

colony in 1598

Traded buffalo hides, tallow & meat, salt, bones for

scraping hides …

Received pottery, cotton, blankets, turquoise, corn …

Traded with neighboring tribes

Began to rely on raiding for food and other goods

**LanguageLanguage**

Spoke Athabascan

- Subgroups spoke different dialects

What did the Apache speak?

Western Apache

English

Licha`nee

Ya`ai

Tu`

Izdz`an

Ndee`n

dog

sun

water

Woman

Man

Da go Te` means Hello

Apache comes from Zuni word

meaning “enemy” and “fighting men”

Economy

Nomadic hunters-gatherers

-Hunted large & small game

- gathered berries & roots

- survived on wild plants

cacti fruits, yucca plants, mesquite tree

How did the Apache get around?

Spanish brought horses in 1500

- Apache raided their settlements and stole horses

had dogs but traveled mostly by horseback

Tools- tweezers of tin, fine baskets, pottery, farming tools

Weapons- bayonets, bow & arrows, shields, war clubs, sling-shots

- arrow tips made of obsidian and other rocks

Men-warriors, hunters, leaders, religious leaders, they buried the dead …etc.

- they were too worthy to farm Women-Farmed, gathered berries & roots, took care of family, housework, cooking … etc.

- women were extremely important

Apache bride

Had Shaman & Medicine Men

- Chief Geronimo was a famous Medicine Man and Shaman

Very Religious but it was nothing too formal

Worshiped Ussen- Creator of Life, Ga’ns- mountain spirits, and other spirits

Had many ceremonial dances:

- harvest dance, crop dance, girl’s puberty right dance, rain dance, Ga’ns dance & many more

Had many ceremonial dances

- music was sung only by tones not words

- told stories at ceremonies

Art

Painted faces brilliant colors

fine basketry

impressive beadwork

Festivals

Was a chiefdom with 6 smaller bands

- had a temporary chief, headman, headwomen

- a few leaders: Cochise, Victorio, Geronimo

Social units based on extended family

-western apache were matrilineal

- other groups traced descent through both

parents

- Polygamy was practiced by the men

Geronimo

About 5,000 Apaches in 1680

War/Peace/

War/Peace/

CultureCulture Indians wars of 1848

~constant war with U.S. government & the “white man” – also Mexicans

~ leaders chose by leadership abilities & exploits in war

Engaged in fierce wars with government until all Apache tribes were put onto reservations

- most were on reservations by 1868 except Chiricahua- 1886

Apache warriors

Only peaceful with own tribe & family

Credits/Bibliography

http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/gal/indiansmigrating.sm.jpghttp://www.nmmagazine.com/IMAGES/mckinn.jpghttp://z.about.com/d/beadwork/1/0/-/e/1/fall_leaves_blog.jpghttp://www.bigtimbercreek.org/fish_wh_perch.jpghttp://www.rarebreeds.co.nz/spanish1.jpghttp://www.myphototricks.com/uploaded_images/cactus2-783129.jpghttp://www.crystalinks.com/apache.html http://www.score.rims.k12.ca.ushttp://www.spiritconnectionstore.comhttp://www.impurplehawk.com/apache.html http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/apache/apachehist.htm http://www.indians.org/welker/origanim.htm http://www.texasindians.com/apach.htm http://www.sonofthesouth.net/american-indians/apache.htm