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Global Renewable Energy Policy Perspectives

Lily RiahiREN 21

lily.riahi@ren21.net

www.ren21.net

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About REN21

Multi-stakeholder Policy Network grouping: national to local governments, industry, academia, INGOs, NGOs, civil society

Rationale: enable a rapid global transition to renewable energy.

REN21’s Mission: promote policies for worldwide renewable energy expansion through

objective policy guidancehigh quality informationexchange among relevant actors

Urban Energy Future: the World is Moving into CitiesR

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Half of the world’s population lives in cities today.

Nearly 60% of the world population will reside in urban areas by 2030, 70% 2050

Cities consume 2/3rd of the world’s energy today , 80% by 2040.

Challenges faced by CitiesR

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Challenges of Cities in the future

Meet the growing energy needs of rising population-80% consumption by 2040

Reduce their greenhouse emissions- Currently 80% GHG

Cities are working to be part of the SOLUTION and not the PROBLEM

HOW?

Energy Efficiency Renewable Energy

What will the future look like?

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REN21 Global Futures Report (GFR) Tool to facilitate dialogue on the future of renewable energy

Aims at providing a simple overview on how the future of RE is currently seen by prominent experts, governments, and institutions

Based on more than 150 interviews conducted around the world

Emphasis on role of local governments and visions for cities of the future in terms of energy production and use

Aimed to capture what cities are doing to transform themselves so as to integrate the most renewable energy possible.

First review draft available upon request

The REN21 Global Status Report 2012 “Cities and Local Government Policies”

The Push for RE: Policies, plans, or targets for RE and climate mitigation R

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Green city Dynamics …

By 2011 62% of the world’s largest cities had adopted climate change actions

57% had plans for GHG reductions with an emphasis on renewable energy

Examples of renewable energy targets by cities:

Vaxjo, Sweden aims to be 100% renewable energy driven by 2030

City of Austin, USA 100% of own-use electricity is from renewables, 30% target met

Hamburg, Germany plans to reduce 80% of their CO2 emissions by 2050 (base 1990)

Cape Town, South Africa to produce 10% of its primary energy supply from renewable energy sources by 2020

Seoul, South Korea has a renewable energy supply target of 20% by 2030

759 Sustainable Energy Action Plans submitted to EU Covenant of Mayors by end 2011

Trends: Integration of RE across Urban Policies and SectorsR

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Smart Buildings

district energy based on renewable energy, waste

to energy and thermal waste

Green Buildings

District Heating systems

Community transportation systems

Electric Vehicles

Smart grids with

integration of renewables

Smart Cities: the glue that holds it all togetherR

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The concept of smart cities is to make extensive use of ICT to enhance energy efficiency, maximise the integration and use of renewables in buildings and in local electricity grid and ensure the smooth roll out of EV`s. It enables intelligent energy management and creates a system of:

Smart Grids Smart Buildings Smart Transport

Currently there are 102 smart city project in the world including Amsterdam, Seoul, Boulder, Colorado, Johannesburg, Lagos , Delhi and China

Buildings: Consumers to ProsumersR

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Buildings currently account for 40% of the world energy consumption

Buildings around the world are considerably being transformed with the emergence of ‘passive buildings ’, ‘zero-energy buildings’, ‘net-zero buildings’, ‘carbon-neutral buildings’ and ‘living buildings’

All new buildings in Austin are to be carbon neutral by 2020

Oregon Sustainable Center in Portland

All new developments in Amsterdam to be energy neutral

from 2015 onwards.

Heating and Cooling- the Sleeping GiantR

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As buildings are being transformed, cities and local governments will be looking to use more renewables for their heating and cooling purposes

District heating system will be key to an effective and green heating system using biomass, geothermal or solar thermal collectors.

Vaxjo, Sweden fulfills 90% of its heating demand from biomass

98% of the homes in Copenhagen are connected to the district system fired by biomass

Amsterdam district heating system uses biomass of biogas

Munich and Seoul are investing in geothermal; Munich already meeting 80% of its heating needs via geothermal sources

Vaxjo: a Model for transformationR

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Key strategies involve:• Extension of the district heating

system • Conversion from electric heating

to distrct heating• Promote District cooling

Key actions:• Co-generation power plants fired

by bioduel• Expansion of district heating to

older regions• Use of boilers fired by wood pellets• Installaton of solar panels at the

swimming pool

The city provides subsidies for installation of small scale biomass boilers or solar panels in households

Transportation- Electric MobilityR

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Currently 85 % of energy used in urban transport comes from fossil fuels

Rebuilding the urban transportion system that are driven by renewables is the goal of many cities around the world.

Conversion of Rail bound transport to 100% RE e.g Hamburg (by 2050) and Calgary

Hong Kong, Mexico City and Sydney are investing extensively in the electrification of their railway systems

Sao Paulo introduced 60 ethanol buses in 2011. 1200 buses are now using a B20 blend in the city of Sao Paulo. Johannesburg also introduced 25 ethanol buses in 2011

Mexico city is currently building solar powered charging stations in order to to put 100 EV’s on the road by the end of 2012

Austin, Texas is currently supplying 50 charging stations in the city with renewable electricity

Cities of the FutureR

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Songdo, South Korea (6500 people): This eco-city is located 65km outside of Seoul and is being developed as the greenest business hub of the world. Aiming to be ready by 2015.

Tianjin Eco City, China (350,000 people) : This city of the future was born out of a partnership between China and Singapore and aims to be ready by 2020.

PlanIT Valley, Portugal (150,000 people): This ambitious city development in northern Portugal is anticipated to be ready by 2015. The city will focus on advanced ICT infrastructure.

Turn the Switch to Green: Reinventing how electricity is being producedR

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i) Using Municipal Utilities Transforming production infrastructure to integrate greater share of

renewable energy in the electric supply in Munich, Copenhagen, Vaxjo, etc where the city owns the energy utility.

ii) Transforming Power Purchasing Structure: Re-Municipalisation of Utilities Hamburg and Boulder are re-municipalising their utility. Hamburg for

instance has set up Hamburg Energie that will invest in RE.

San Francisco, California, established a public utility in order to provide the city with 100% renewable electricity by 2020 (beyond 33% state goal) via Community Choice Aggregation program

iii) Renegotiating Contracts with Energy Utilities Ithaca, New York has switched to 100 % RE electricity

Austin, Texas are powering their municipal facilities with 100% renewable.

Policy

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Policy Landscape

Doubling of countries with RE targets or policies in five years:55 in 2005 to 118 in early 2011

Targets in at least 96 countries; more than half are developing countries.

Many targets and policies also exist at state, provincial and local levels.

Targets represent commitments to: Shares of electricity (typically 10–30%)

Total primary energy

Heat supply

Installed capacities of specific technologies,

Shares of biofuel in road transport fuels over 1-2 decades.

Many countries met 2010 targets (some data not available), some exceeded.

Way Forward: UNEP/GSR/GFR?R

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Re)gain utility ownership or control over energy procurement Capitalise on geographically and climatically specific existing resources, explore unutilised capacities Create effective financial incentive mechanisms to make RE cost-competitive with non-renewable energyEnhance local capacity for effective project conceptualisation, planning, execution and evaluation Improve interagency communication to avoid conflicting agendasEnable municipal departments to apply their expertise within the local structureImprove infrastructure for public transit, electric vehicles and non-motorised transport Collaborate with other cities in the global network of urban RE initiativesPromote technology and knowledge transfer to reduce cost barriersImplement comprehensive public outreach and community involvement programs to ensure public acceptance Institute a smart grid and net metering to connect cities with hinterland (and supergrid where applicable) and allow independent producers to sell surplus energy to the grid

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Coming soon...

Launch together with Global Trends in RE investment on 11 June 2012

REN21 Renewables 2012 Global Status Report and Global Futures Report

Launch at the Abu Dhabi International Renewable Energy Conference ADIREC in January 2013

www.ren21.net

Lily.Riahi@ren21.net