relatives teoría spanish_pdf

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RELATIVE CLAUSES Las Oraciones de Relativo RELATIVE CLAUSES RULE EXAMPLE who / that refer to people They caught the man who / that spied for China. which / that refer to objects I lost the map which / that she gave me. whose refers to possession She complained to the man whose dog bit her. when refers to a moment in time Christmas Day is a day when people are happy. where refers to a particular place We visited the house where our father was born. In non-defining sentences, the word that cannot replace who or which. Mata Hari, who was a famous female spy, was born in Holland. Buckingham Palace, which is in London, is a favourite tourist site. Las oraciones de relativo van introducidas por un pronombre o un adverbio relativo: who, which, that, whose, when, where. oración principal oración subordinada de relativo Hay dos tipos de oraciones de relativo: Defining Relative Clauses y Non-defining Relative Clauses ENGLISH DEPARTMENT / IES FRANCISCO DE QUEVEDO 1 who / that spied for China. They caught the man I lost the map She complained to the man which / that she gave me. whose dog bit her.

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Page 1: Relatives teoría spanish_pdf

RELATIVE CLAUSES Las Oraciones de Relativo

RELATIVE CLAUSES

RULE EXAMPLE

who / that refer to people They caught the man who / that spied for China.

which / that refer to objects I lost the map which / that she gave me.

whose refers to possession She complained to the man whose dog bit her.

when refers to a moment in time Christmas Day is a day when people are happy.

where refers to a particular place We visited the house where our father was born.

In non-defining sentences, the word that cannot replace who or which.

Mata Hari, who was a famous female spy, was born in Holland.

Buckingham Palace, which is in London, is a favourite tourist site.

Las oraciones de relativo van introducidas por un pronombre o un adverbio relativo:who, which, that, whose, when, where.

oración principal oración subordinada de relativo

Hay dos tipos de oraciones de relativo:

Defining Relative Clauses y Non-defining Relative Clauses

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT / IES FRANCISCO DE QUEVEDO

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who / that spied for China.They caught the man

I lost the map

She complained to the man

which / that she gave me.

whose dog bit her.

Page 2: Relatives teoría spanish_pdf

DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

Las oraciones de relativo especificativas se llaman así porque aportan información esencial sobre su antecedente, de tal manera que sin ellas el sentido de la frase quedaría incompleto. Los pronombres relativos son:

THAT (“que”) se usa cuando el antecedente es tanto una persona como una cosa.WHO (“que”, quien”, “quienes”) se refiere sólo a personas.WHICH (“que”) se refiere excusivamente a cosas.

Ejemplos:

They caught the who / that spied for China.

antecedente persona

I lost the which / that she gave me.

antecedente cosa

Tanto that como who y which se pueden omitir si van seguidos de un nombre o pronombre, es decir, si no son el sujeto de la oración de relativo.

Ejemplos:

These are all the clues (that) they left behind.

John is the man (who) we saw yesterday at the restaurant.

I´ve bought the CD (which) Laura recommended to me.

WHOSE indica posesión y significa “cuyo/a/os/as”. Nunca actúa como sujeto y no se puede omitir.

She complained to the man whose dog bit her.

WHEN (“cuando”, “en que”) hace referencia a un tiempo. Se puede utilizar that en su lugar u omitirse. Do you remember the day (when / that) we met?

WHERE (“donde”, “en el que”) indica lugar.

We visited the house where our father was born.

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT / IES FRANCISCO DE QUEVEDO

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map

man

Page 3: Relatives teoría spanish_pdf

RELATIVE + PREPOSITION

Cuando el relativo lleva preposición, which se sigue usando si el antecedente es una cosa; pero si es una persona, en lugar de who se emplea whom, sobre todo en la lengua escrita. Lo más común en todos los casos es poner la preposición al final de la oración de relativo y omitir el pronombre.

The film in which he appears was a great success > The film he appears in was a great success

The person to whom I had to talk wasn´t there > The person I had to talk to wasn´t there.

NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

Estas son oraciones explicativas porque añaden información adicional sobre el antecedente. Sin ellas el sentido de la frase se mantiene igual, por lo que no son indispensables. Por eso siempre van entre comas.

James Bond , who is a famous spy , was created by the writer Ian Fleming.

Con las Oraciones de Relativo Non-defining no se puede utilizar that, sino who y which para personas y cosas respectivamente. Además nunca se puede omitir el pronombre o adverbio relativo.

That document , which was found in his car , didn´t prove his identity.

The detective , who you met yesterday , is following the suspect´s trail.

Este tipo de oraciones no es muy frecuente en el inglés hablado, donde se usan mucho más las oraciones de relativo especificativas.

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT / IES FRANCISCO DE QUEVEDO

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