Regents Chemistry

Chemical NomenclatureIonic Compounds

Binary Type I

Binary Type II

Polyatomic Nomenclature

Covalent Compounds

Naming Compounds

Common names were originally developed to name compoundsEx: Epsom salts, milk of magnesia,

gypsum and laughing gas

Too many common names..a system had to be developed!

Naming Compounds

Binary compounds – compounds that are composed of two elements

We will examine two classes of binary compounds1. Compounds that contain a metal and a

nonmetal 2. Compounds that contain two nonmetals

Naming Binary Ionic Compounds

Binary ionic compounds result when a metal combines with a nonmetalThe metal loses electrons as the nonmetal gains electronsThe result is a positive cation (the metal) and a negative anion (the nonmetal)In naming ionic compounds, we simply name the ions

We will learn how to name two types of ionic compounds (polyatomic ion naming will come later)Type I compounds – The metal is present in

only one type of cation - look at periodic table!Ex: Na+, K+, Ca2+, Al3+

Type II compounds – The metal present can form two (or more) cations that have different charges - look at periodic table!

Ex: Cr2+, Cr3+, Cu+, Cu2+

Naming Binary Ionic Compounds

Some Common ExamplesCation Name Anion Name

H+ Hydrogen F- Fluoride

Li+ Lithium Cl- Chloride

K+ Potassium Br- Bromide

Ca2+ Calcium I- Iodide

Ag+ Silver S2- Sulfide

Naming Rules for Type I Ionic

1. The cation is always named first and the anion second

2. A simple cation (obtained from a single atom) takes its name from the name of the element. Ex: Na+ Sodium ion

3. A simple anion (obtained from a single atom) is named by taking the first part of the elemental name and adding – ide Ex: F- Fluoride ion

ExamplesName the following compounds

sodium chloride

potassium iodide

calcium sulfide

NaCl

KI

CaS

Examples Write the chemical formula for the following:

Barium Fluoride

Potassium Sulfide

Aluminum Oxide

Lithium Phosphide

STOP

BaF2

K2S

Al2O3

Li3P

Strontium Nitride Sr3N2

Regents Chemistry

Naming Type II Compounds

Naming Type II compounds

Type II compounds – The metal present can form two (or more) cations that have different charges - look at periodic table!

Ex: Cr2+, Cr3+, Cu+, Cu2+

We cannot only look at the periodic table to determine the charge…we must determine the charge according to the chemical formula

Determing the correct charge

All compounds must be electrically neutral..so

we use the charge of the anion to determine the charge of the cation…and multiply the charges by the number of atoms to determine the overall net charge

Example

CuCl

Cl comes in as Cl- : -1 x 1 Cl ion = -1

Cu must come in as a +1 :+1 x 1 Cu ion = +1

-1 + +1 = 0 , the charges balance

Copper (I) Chloride

Naming Type II Rules

Use the same system of naming as Type I binary compounds..except

add the following after the cation depending on the cation’s charge

(I) +1 (V) +5(II) +2 (VI) +6(III) +3 (VII) +7(IV) +4

Practice

Mercury (II) Oxide

Iron (III) Oxide

Worksheet

HgO

Fe2O3

Lithium Phosphide

Calcium Nitride

Li3P

Ca3N2

Regents Chemistry

Polyatomic Ion Compound Nomenclature

What’s a polyatomic ion?

A polyatomic ion consists of two or more elements bonded together that posess an overall net charge that can be used to form an ionic bond with a metal cation

We looked at some of these!

SO42-

Polyatomic Ion Intro…

Polyatomic ions have specific names…You must be able to recognize polyatomic ions in chemical formulas and chemical namesYou reference tables can help! See the table on the front page

Naming Polyatomic Ions…

Some polyatomic ions have general names that are made from modification of the names of the elements involvedEx: NH4

+ Ammonium Ion

CN- Cyanide Ion

Naming Oxyanions

Oxyanions are polyatomic ions (anions) that contain atoms of an element and different numbers of oxygen atoms

When there are two members in such a series, the anion with the lesser number of oxygen is given the ending –ite and the larger number ends in –ate

SO32- SO4

2-Sulfite Ion

Sulfate Ion

If there are more that two in the series, we use the prefix hypo for the member with the fewest oxygen and per for the one with the most oxygen

Naming Oxyanions cont…

ClO- hypochlorite ion

ClO2- chlorite ion

ClO3- chlorate ion

ClO4- perchlorate ion

Naming Compounds that Contain Polyatomic Ions…

We use the cation name and roman numerals (if needed) and the polyatomic ion’s name

Ex: Na2SO4

Na+

SO42-

2 x

1 xsodium sulfate

Examples

Fe(NO3)3 iron (III) nitrate

Mn(OH)2manganese (II) hydroxide

CuSO4copper (II) sulfate

Regents Chemistry

Naming Type III Binary Compounds

Non-metal to non-metal

Type III Binary Compounds

Type III Binary Compounds - are compounds that contain only nonmetals participating in covalent bonds (sharing of electrons)

Rules for Naming Type III1. The first element in the formula is named first, and the full element name is used

2. The second element is named as though it were an anion (-ide ending)

3. Prefixes are used to denote the numbers of atoms present.

4. The prefix mono is never used for naming the first element

Prefixes for Naming Type III

PREFIX NUMBER INDICATED

mono- 1di- 2tri- 3tetra- 4penta- 5hexa- 6hepta- 7octa- 8

Practice

BF3

NO

N2O5

carbon tetrachloride

boron trifluoride

nitrogen monoxide

dinitrogen pentoxide

CCl4

worksheet

Regents Chemistry

Revisiting the Periodic Table Trends and Families of the Table

Properties of Elements

Trends to be familiar with: Ionization Energy Atomic Radii Ionic Radii Electronegativity Reactivity of Elements

Summary of Trends Ionization Energy – increases from left to right and up the

columns Atomic Radii – increases from right to left and down columns Ionic Radii – depends on if the atom looses or gains electrons Electronegativity – increases from left to right and up the

columns Reactivity – Groups 1,2 and 17 along with oxygen are most

reactive

Families on the Table

3 – day website project: see handout