refrigerants

R

E

F

R

I

G

E

R

A

N

T

S

Friends

NGR

20001850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2010

SO2

NH3

CH3Cl

CFCs

HCFCs

HFCs

HCs

Air

Water

CO2

NGR

Journey of time

Myth: Refrigerant is always a gas

Fact: Refrigerant can exist in liquid and solid als0

Refrigerants change their phase depending on the pressure and temperature in which theyoperate.

Dry ice is frozen carbon dioxide.

Dry ice also has the very nice feature of sublimation -- as it breaks down, it turns directly into carbondioxide gas rather than a liquid.The super-cold temperature and the sublimation feature make dry ice great for refrigeration.

Myth: Refrigerants are always synthetic compounds

Fact: Refrigerants can be organic, inorganic natural

CFCH

F

C

F C

Efforts

Myth: Only CFCs, HCFCs have refrigerant numbers as R-xxxx

Fact: All refrigerants are has refrigerant number

Inorganic compounds

Inorganic compounds shall be assigned a number in the 700 series, identification numbers are formed byadding the relative molecular mass of components to 700.

Examples: R717 = ammonia (molecular mass 17), R718 = water (molecular mass 18)

R744 = CO2 (molecular mass 44)

Numbering system begins from right

= 0Number of C atoms – 1

= 2Number of H atoms + 1

= 2Number of F atoms

Example .HCFC 22

First digit on the right = Number of fluorine atoms

Second digit from the right = Number of hydrogen atoms plus one

Third digit from the right = Number of carbon atoms minus one(not used when equal to zero)

Zeotrope Mixture series starts with 4, example R410A, etc

Azeotrope Mixture series starts with 5, example R502, etc

Myth: All Refrigerants damage ozone layer

Fact: Only CFCs, HCFCs do harm ozone layer.

Refrigerantcompoundscontainingchlorineelement willharm Ozonelayer

OzonedepletingPotential(ODP) is afactorindicating asubstance’srelativeozonedamagingpower

Myth: All Refrigerants damage ozone layer

Fact: Only CFCs, HCFCs do harm ozone layer.

Cl

F

ClF

H

C

OO O

O O

OCl

Cl

ChlorineRadical

ChlorineRadical

Ozone (O3) Oxygenmolecule

(O2)CHF2

Chlorinemonoxide

F

H

C

Refrigerantcompoundscontainingchlorineelement willharm Ozonelayer

HFCs

Hydrocarbons

CO2,

Ammonia,

Air, water,etc havezero ODP

ODP value ofCFC-11 is 1.Itis thereference.For ex. asubstancewith 2 ODP istwiceharmful ofCFC11

OzonedepletingPotential(ODP) is afactorindicating asubstance’srelativeozonedamagingpower

Efforts

Myth: Refrigerants are used only for cooling

Fact: Heating with refrigeration cycle is one of the energy efficient ways of heating

Heat Pumps

are used forheating water andair in cold climates

for comfort airconditioning. Heatpumps are also

becoming popularfor water heatingapplications forsanitary and

kitchen purposes

Myth: Refrigerants information is required only for some technical people

Fact: Awareness of refrigerants is very important as we live with them

Myth: Refrigerants information is required only for some technical people

Fact: Awareness of refrigerants is very important as we live with them

Refrigerants are no more just a Engineer’s subject, it is in everybody’s interest these days

Myth: Air is not used as refrigerant

Fact: Air is used as working refrigerant in aircraft systems

Air is used as working fluid inaircraft air-conditioningsystems.

Air is taken from outside andmade to follow the refrigerationcycle

Myth: Air is not used as refrigerant

Fact: Air is used as working refrigerant in aircraft systems

Air as refrigerant is becomingpopular among natural refrigerantsfor refrigeration applications due toits zero ODP and zero GWP

Myth: All Refrigerants contribute to higher global warming effect

Fact: Refrigerants with zero, close to zero GWP are also available

Global WarmingPotential (GWP) isrelative power of agiven pollutant tocause global warmingover a given timescale, factoring itsability to trap thesun’s heat and itsatmospheric life time.

GWP is measuredrelative to carbon dioxide which is givenGWP of 1

Myth: Refrigerant mixtures can not be used

Fact: Refrigerant mixtures are being used currently

Below refrigerant mixtures arepopular in AC & R applications.

R410A =R125+R32

R407C=R32+R125+R134a

R404A=R125+R143a+R134a

R507=R125+R143a

It is important to check thetemperature glide

Temperature glide isdifference in phase changetemperatures of individualmembers

Myth: All Refrigerants are covered under some legislation

Global WarmingGlobal Warming Potential (GWP)Potential (GWP)100a100a

2.0002.000

4.0004.000

20.00020.000

R404AR404A

R22R134a

R410A

R407C

Fact: Applicability of legislation depends on your location and country programme



2.0002.000

4.0004.000

20.00020.000

R404AR404A

Montrealprotocol

R22R134a

R410A

R407C




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R22R134a

R410A

R407C





2.0002.000

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F-G

asR22R134a

R410A

R407C

Mohan R

eddy

Marketing

Manager

– Asia Pa

cific

Danfoss

Industrie

s Pvt Ltd

email: m

ohan.redd

ie@gmail

.com

Ph: +91 9

94557071

2

Disclaimer

The information provided in this file is based on my experience in the air conditioning and refrigeration Industry. Source of information isinternet

refrigerants

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