redox: iron, sulfur, & silica. redox potential pe = -log free electrons when corrected to ph 7...

46

REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA

Upload: maia-buford

Post on 02-Apr-2015

220 views

Category:

Documents

0 download

Report

Download

Tags:

Embed Size (px):

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA

Page 2: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Redox Potential

• pE = -log free electrons• When corrected to pH 7 (H+ = OH-), called Eh

• When Eh positive – oxidizing environment

• When Eh negative – reducing environment

Page 3: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Redox vs. pH

Page 4: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Redox (mv) of common liquids

Page 5: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Example of Redox data

Page 6: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

pH and ORP in Lake Skiennungen

Page 7: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Page 8: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Page 9: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Page 10: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Fe & Mn in oligotrophic and eutrophic lakes

Page 11: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Iron and Manganese in a Productive Lake

Page 12: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Redox: Sulfur and Iron

Page 13: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Particulate Fe and Fe (II) through the year

Page 14: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Sulfur and Iron in Mud

Page 15: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Fe & Mn in Crooked lake

(mesotrophic)

Page 16: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Fe & Mn in Little Crooked

lake(eutrophic)

Page 17: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Transport of Fe in a lake

Page 18: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Iron Oxidizing Bacteria

• Gallionella (an iron-oxidizing bacterium)• 4Fe (HCO3)2 + O2 + 6H2O 4Fe (OH)3 + 4H2CO3 + 4CO2 + 58 kcal

Page 19: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Ferrobacillus iron bacteria

• 4FeCO3 + O2+ 6H2O Fe(OH)3 + 4CO2

Page 20: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Mn cycling relative to O2

Page 21: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Page 22: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

REDOX and Sulfur

Page 23: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

S in oligotrophic and eutrophic lakes

Page 24: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

SO4 in a mesotrophic

hardwater lake

Page 25: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

SO4 budget for Linsley Pond

Page 26: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

ORP, pH, and Sulfur bacteria

Page 27: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Autotrophic Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria and Iron Transformations

• Thiobacillus• Some of the reactions that it can mediate• FeS2 + 3½O2+H2O FeSO4 + H2SO4

• 2FeSO4 + ½O2+ H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + H2O

Page 28: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Bacterial Transformations of Sulfur

• Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria (heterotrophic and anaerobic)

• Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria– Chemosynthetic– Pigmented Autotrophic

Page 29: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria

• Ex: Desulfovibrio• Heterotrophic and anaerobic• H2SO4 + 2(CH2O) 2CO2 2H2O + H2S

• H2SO4 + 4H2 H2S + 4H2O

Page 30: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Chemosynthetic Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria

• Ex: Beggiatoa• Deposit elemental S inside cell• H2S + ½O2 S + H2O

• S + 1½O2 + H2O H2SO4

• Ex: Thiobacillus• Deposit elemental S outside• 2Na2S2O3 + O2 2S + 2Na2SO4

Page 31: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Green Sulfur Bacteria

• Ex: Chlorobium• Uses a pigment similar to chlorophyll• CO2 + 2H2S LIGHT Food + H2O + 2S

• 2CO2 + 2 H2O + H2S LIGHT Food + H2SO4

Page 32: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Purple Sulfur Bacteria• Ex: Chromatium• They deposit sulfur

intracellularly• Same reactions as Chlorobium

Page 33: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Purple Non-Sulfur Bacteria

• Ex: Rhodobacter• Na2S2O3+2CO2 +3H2O LIGHT Food + Na2SO4 +H2SO4

Page 34: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Microbial-mediated Sulfur cycle in a lake

Page 35: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Sulfate reduction in Lake Gek Gel and the Black Sea

Page 36: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Distribution of sulfur in

meromictic Lake Belovod

Page 37: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Abandoned Mine Drainage

Page 38: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Microbial Oxidation of Pyrite

Page 39: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

AMD Discharges

Page 40: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Acid Precipitation

Page 41: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Si in lakes

Page 42: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Some Common Diatoms

Page 43: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Si in oligotrophic Lawrence Lake

Page 44: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Si and diatom population dynamics in Lake Windermere

Page 45: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Dynamics of diatom periphyton and plankton

Page 46: REDOX: IRON, SULFUR, & SILICA. Redox Potential pE = -log free electrons When corrected to pH 7 (H + = OH - ), called E h When E h positive – oxidizing

Green Algae and Diatoms

Le reazioni redox e l elettrochimica - Ivano Coccorullo · Bilanciamento delle reazioni redox 4. Per le reazioni in acido, aggiungere H 2O per bilanciare gli atomi di O e H+ per bilanciare

Iron-oxidizing microbial ecosystems thrived in late …2009.pdf · 2016-08-30 · Iron-oxidizing microbial ecosystems thrived in late Paleoproterozoic redox-stratiﬁed oceans Noah

Chapter 14 Electrode Potentials. 14-1 Redox Chemistry & Electricity Oxidation: a loss of electrons to an oxidizing agent Reduction: a gain of electrons

Oxidation-Reduction Chemistry Redox. Definitions Oxidation: Reduction: Oxidizing Agent: Reducing Agent:

2- Oxidation reduction (Redox) titration2- Oxidation reduction (Redox) titration Redox titrations are based on a reduction-oxidation reaction between an oxidizing agent and a reducing

Characterization and quantification of ammonia-oxidizing archaea … · 2017. 8. 29. · Keywords Ammonia monooxygenase α-subunit (amoA) gene.Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA). Ammonia-oxidizing

Week 20: Redox and Electrolysis Leaving Certificate ......Week 20: Redox and Electrolysis Leaving Certificate Chemistry Worked examples MnO 4 - + Fe2+ + H+ à Mn2+ + Fe3+ + H 2O Oxidising

Oxidizing Agents Reducing Agents J reduction Fzcg is · Oxidizing Agents Reducing Agents STRONG WEAK STRONG WEAK Overpotential Effect Overpotential Effect STRENGTH OF OXIDIZING AGEN

Section 14.2 Voltaic Cells p. 622 - 638. Voltaic cells Voltaic cells convert chemical energy to electrical energy. In redox reactions, oxidizing agents

New Enzymes as modular catalysts for redox half- reactions in H … · 2018. 6. 14. · Review Article Enzymes as modular catalysts for redox half-reactions in H 2-powered chemical

Oxidizing materials

WordPress.com · 05.09.2016 · example the consequence of that relaxation in electronic spectrum. 4. (a) Of the two redox couples, and which one is more oxidizing and why ? (en

Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea (AOA) Play with …downloads.hindawi.com/journals/archaea/2018/8429145.pdfReview Article Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea (AOA) Play with Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria

ICS Redox potentials Electrochemistry. ICS Redox Reactions Oxidation loss of electrons Reduction gain of electrons oxidizing agent substance that cause

Redox Titrations - California State University, Los · PDF fileRedox Titrations -the oxidation/reduction reaction between analyte and titrant -titrants are commonly oxidizing agents,

· Chapter 20 Worksheet: Redox ANSWERS I. Determine what is oxidized and what is reduced in each reaction. Identify the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent, also

Addition of Si H and B H Bonds and Redox Reactivity ...storage.googleapis.com/.../098-DM-SiH_VN-Reactivity.pdf · Addition of Si−H and B−H Bonds and Redox Reactivity Involving

Redox and Electrode Potential NEW - WordPress.com...OCR Chemistry A H432 Redox and Electrode Potentials p. 1 Redox Reactions Reducing and oxidizing agents In any redox reaction there

· in a redox titration, a suitable oxidizing agent is A. B. c. D S042 in acid. H P04 in acid Mn04 in acid Mn04 in base. As a metal corrodes, A. it gains electrons

Redox Reactions Redox=reduction-oxidation Redox Reactions=reduction- oxidation reactions

Role of Type 2 NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase NdbC in Redox ... · PDF fileRole of Type 2 NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase NdbC in Redox Regulation of Carbon Allocation inSynechocystis1[OPEN] Tuomas Huokko,

10/23 Review test Talk energy release Redox reactions Reducing and oxidizing agents Coenzymes

Technical Information Sterilisable retractable assembly ... · PDF fileSterilisable retractable assembly for pH/Redox measurement CleanFit H CPA 475 Retractable Assembly for pH/Redox

The Iron - Oxidizing Proteobacteria

EFFECTIVENESS OF ELECTROLYZED OXIDIZING WATER

Oxidizing Materials.docx

IB Chemistry on Redox, Oxidizing, Reducing Agents and writing half redox equations

Redox Neutral and Acid-Free Minisci C-H Alkylation of

Example of Project Competition of Ammonia-Oxidizing and Nitrite-Oxidizing Bacteria

Lecture 10 - Redox Titrations · PDF fileRedox Titrations -the oxidation/reduction reaction between analyte and titrant -titrants are commonly oxidizing agents, although reducing titrants

Potential for Microscale Bacterial Fe Redox Cycling at the …eroden/Publications/Rodenetal… · · 2006-11-27Potential for Microscale Bacterial Fe Redox Cycling ... (II)-oxidizing

Oxidizing Pyrite

Oxidizing Biocides and Preservatives for Microbiological Control...Oxidizing Biocides •Common oxidizing biocides –Bleach, chlorine dioxide, peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide •Fast

Heat-shock and redox-dependent functional switching of an h-type