REDD Alert: Governance package

Joyeeta Gupta and the IVM team

Int. Forestry agreements

Int. climate & forestry ag.

National forestry gov.

Incentives & disincentive

Redesign of incentives

Human behaviour

Other driving factors

Impact on forests

Architecture: Regime designIncentives: What incentives are created?Agency: Who is pushing the regime?Access: How are basic rights affected?Allocation: How does allocation of responsibilities and risks take place?Functions: What functions are served?

Impact on timber

markets

WD 1 on Research Protocol

Int. Forestry agreements

Int. climate & forestry ag.

National forestry gov.

Incentives & disincentive

Redesign of incentives

Human behaviour

Other driving factors

Impact on forests

Architecture; Incentives; Agency; Access; Allocation; Functions

Impact on timber

markets

Public Private

Global level

Regional level

CBD

WHC CITESUNCCD

UNFCCC

WTO

Ramsar

ILO

UNPFII

UNFF

UNEPUNDP FAO

World Bank

IMF

FSC

C&I processes

[NGOs] [Business]

MCPFE

ATO

CBFP

AFPCCAD

Alpine Convention

ACTO

ASEAN

SADC

LRTAP

UN-REDD

ITTO

FLEG

Western Hemisphere Convention

COMIFAC

GEF

EU

PEFCC

[Donors]

CPF

Biodiversity, fauna, flora, habitat

Carbon sinks and sequestration

Human settlements, livelihoods

Natural habitat, spiritual and cultural values

Wood and non-wood products

Ecotourism, recreation

Watershed protection, water cycle regulation

Soil conservation and erosion control

WHC

UNCCD

UNPFII

UNEP

CPF

UN-REDD

GEF

PEFCC

CBD

GEF

GEF

WTO

WHC

Ramsar

UNCCD UNDP

FAO

UNEP

UNDPWorldBank

WorldBank

WorldBank

WorldBank

UNFF

[NGOs]

[Business]

[Business]

[Business]

[NGOs]

[NGOs]

FAO

Biodiversity, fauna, flora, habitat

Carbon sinks and sequestration

Human settlements, livelihoods

Natural habitat, spiritual and cultural values

Wood and non-wood products

Ecotourism, recreation

Watershed protection, water cycle regulation

Soil conservation and erosion control

WHC

UNCCD

UNPFII

UNEP

CPF

UN-REDD

GEF

PEFCC

CBD

GEF

GEF

WTO

WHC

Ramsar

UNCCD UNDP

FAO

UNEP

UNDPWorldBank

WorldBank

WorldBank

WorldBank

UNFF

[NGOs]

[Business]

[Business]

[Business]

[NGOs]

[NGOs]

FAO

Conclusions of Inventory• Governance diffuse; characterised by ad hoc

incrementalism• Few provisions on sustainable forest

management• Deforestation results from different drivers at

different levels of operation• International governance creates synergies and

conflicts• Coordination limited

WD 2: A Graphical Overview

Why is there no forestry regime?• Issue complexity• Insufficient knowledge of global impacts• Perception that forests are not a global problem• Geographical distribution of resources• Economic interests of countries• Sovereignty arguments• Globalization versus decentralization• Limited finance, Lijklama a Nijeholt 2010

Forest and climate related regimes

• Criteria for selection of regimes• Selection of regimes• Description and analysis of regimes

Criteria for selection of regimes

• Mandate to address deforestation• Availability of relevant policy documents• Track record of bodies• Inclusion of incentives/ disincentives• Covering different functions/ services• Active in shaping REDD discussions• Involvement of case study countries

Selection of regimes

• Climate Change Convention• Convention on Biological Diversity• ITTO• GEF

WD 3 – Linkages between key regimes

International agencies and REDD, Valentina draft 2010

Int. Forestry agreements

Int. climate & forestry ag.

National forestry gov.

Incentives & disincentive

Redesign of incentives

Human behavior

Other driving factors

Impact on forests

Architecture: Regime designIncentives: What incentives are created?Agency: Who is pushing the regime?Access: How are basic rights affected?Allocation: How does allocation of responsibilities and risks take place?Functions: What functions are served?

Focus on

Incentives in forest sector (national)

• Regulatory – decentralization; PAs; rules on inputs/ tech; fire prevention; allowable cuts; sustainable logging; spatial planning; timber rights; property rights; monitoring; law enforcement

• Market incentives: taxes; subsidies; voluntary programmes (CSR; certification); PES, tradeable permits; alternative incomes

• Management : CFM; Common property resource management; CNRM; stewardship; Joint forest management; NGO management; multiple use forest management

• Information: education, research; remote sensing• Measures to cope with climate change

Incentives in non-forest sectors

• Land use• Eco tourism• Credit access• Infrastructure• Education• Quality of life

Incentive in forest sector (int)

• Regulatory: level of mgt; PAs; IPR• Incentives: debt for nature; tax on timber

trade; funding mechanisms; carbon markets• Information – forest labeling; timber

certification

WD 4 on Forest Policy Options

Case study countries

Ucayali, Peru Southern Cameroon Indonesia Vietnam

Incentives, Architecture, Agency, Access and Allocation, Functions

International climateRelated forestry issues

Implications for national policy

Internationalforestry agreements

REDD

Implications for national policy

Internationalforestry agreements

Linkages and comparative assessment

Case study: content analysis/ interviews

Design of analysis• Architecture: Brief outline of key features• Agency: Who is pushing for what ?• Access and allocation: what does the regime say about who

has/ should have access to forestry and how allocation of forest services/ functions are organized?

• Policy: key policy goals• Incentives and disincentives: Which instruments does it

include?• Impact of international policy/ actors: What is the impact of

international policy/ actors on national policy in the case study countries in particular?

• What are the lessons learnt?

Int. Forestry agreements

Int. climate & forestry ag.

National forestry gov.

Incentives & disincentive

Redesign of incentives

Human behavior

Other driving factors

Impact on forests

Architecture: Regime designIncentives: What incentives are created?Agency: Who is pushing the regime?Access: How are basic rights affected?Allocation: How does allocation of responsibilities and risks take place?Functions: What functions are served?

Focus on

Case studiesand economic

analysis

Case study: interviews/ lit. review

Case study design• Content Analysis of (Inter) National Laws and

Policies over time• Identification of key incentives and disincentives

and the actors on whom these incentives and disincentives are focused on

• Interviews with stakeholders at different levels of governance on (a) which incentives work and which don’t and why?, (b) which incentives there should be and aren’t, and (c) how the existing system can be improved

Case study - 2

• Special attention to:– Role of REDD– Role of past international instruments (Debt for nature

and debt for development swaps), actors (aid agencies; Development banks) and ideologies (liberalization of markets);

– Role of new social forestry network companies;– Role of decentralization; how does fiscal decentralization

work?– Role of alternative uses of land – agriculture, biofuels;

For D 4.4ComparativeCase study

Expected outputs• Nature of specific contexts – the extent of

decentralization; the role of power; the existence on incentives; path dependency; the socio-economic drivers of deforestation; key actors

• Which incentives work or fail, why & how in specific contexts and in relation to different drivers, in relation to the different timescales of forest transitions; and in relation to their own political context

• Implications for REDD design

Closed interviews, Q method Macaulay)

Normal Distribution of the Q-sort

-3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3Disagree Agree

Case Study - 4IVM ICRAF Macaulay CS partners

Design Yes Yes

Content analysis Yes Yes Yes

Lit. analysis Yes

Interviews (National) Yes Yes

Interviews (Province) Yes Yes

Interviews(HH/Communities)

Yes Yes

Closed Interviews Yes

Ind. cs Yes Leads

Comp. cs Leads Yes Yes Yes

Economic analysis

• Impact of successful instruments on the timber market

• Dynamic simulations over the period 2000-2050 with and without variants of REDD policy instruments

What do we want from others?

WP7: Overall project management

WP5: Integration and modelling

WP6: Development of REDD Negotiation Support System

WP1: Understanding the drivers of

land use change

WP3: Quantifying

GHG emissions from land use

change

WP2: Quantifying

and monitoring land use change

WP4: Policy options

addressing tropical

deforestation

WP7: Overall project management

WP5: Integration and modelling

WP6: Development of REDD Negotiation Support System

WP1: Understanding the drivers of

land use change

WP3: Quantifying

GHG emissions from land use

change

WP2: Quantifying

and monitoring land use change

WP4: Policy options

addressing tropical

deforestation

WP5: Integration and modelling

WP6: Development of REDD Negotiation Support System

WP1: Understanding the drivers of

land use change

WP3: Quantifying

GHG emissions from land use

change

WP2: Quantifying

and monitoring land use change

WP4: Policy options

addressing tropical

deforestation