Kishan Patel

Presentation On

Real World Testbeds Emulation for Mobile Ad-hoc Real World Testbeds Emulation for Mobile Ad-hoc NetworksNetworks

Prepared by:

Kishan N. PatelIT Department,

SVMIT Bharuch

International Conference on Advanced Computing Technologies and Applications (ICACTA-2015)

Outline Overview of MANET MANET challenges Evaluation techniques Emulation Simulation vs Emulation Why Emulate Testbeds Categories and Architecture Literature review Conclusion References

Overview of MANET A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a continuously self-configuring,

infrastructure-less network of mobile devices connected without wires. Host movement is frequent. Topology changes frequently.

No cellular infrastructure. Multi-hop wireless links. Data must be routed via intermediate nodes.

AA BB AABB

MANETs Challenges Packet loss due to transmission errors Variable capacity links Frequent disconnections/partitions Limited communication bandwidth Broadcast nature of the communications Dynamically changing topologies/routes Lack of mobility awareness by system/applications Short battery lifetime Limited capacities

EvaluationEvaluation TechniquesTechniques

1. Simulation

A simulation system consists of many assumptions and artificial modeling, in order to reach a certain realistic degree.

2. Emulation

With a higher degree of realism than simulators, It can still control the repeatability of tests and use real hardware combined with simulation software, to conduct experiments in controlled conditions. They use artificial assumptions which are sometimes unrealistic.

3. Real-World Testbeds

Real-world testbeds have the higher level of realism because they are not based on assumptions about the experimental conditions

EMULATIONEMULATION Emulation focuses on creating an original computer environment, which can

be time-consuming and difficult to achieve, and also it is very costly because of its ability to maintain a closer connection to the authenticity object.

Emulation provide fully controlled and reproducible environment and it shows realism.

The most important thing in the emulation is protocols which are implemented will be tested without any modification. It is cost effective and scalable.

Simulation vs Emulation

a) Simulation represents a real

system by off-line software.

b) A simulation can run at any speed

relative to the real world, and it

puts out information while it is

running and afterwards to indicate

how the real system would have

behaved.

a) In emulation a system which acts

like another system in some ways.

b) An emulation is supposed to seem

to the user like the real thing. This

is useful for testing software or

hardware without having to buy

the real thing to test it on.

Why Emulate …??

Emulation is required to introduce the simulator into a live network. In

emulation object within the simulator are capable of introducing live

traffic into the simulator and injecting traffic from the simulator into the

live network.

Emulation provides environment without modifications to the software

and validates software solutions for ad hoc network.

A field test will show rather the simulation work is going on right track

or not and going from the simulator to the real thing directly to analyze

the performance and compare the results of routing protocols.

CONTINUE…

Testbeds Categories and Architecture

A Testbed is a framework for testing, comparing and evaluating algorithms and protocols in the real world.

I. Mobility modeling Real Mobility

The physical position of nodes can be changed by real mobility either by manually carrying the mobile devices, by using robots. Testbeds are based on real mobility.

Channel EmulationChannel emulation is based on nodes which are stationary and radio signals are changed to emulate the properties of a time varying radio channel.

Logical ConnectivityThe mobility modeling approaches deals with physical radio signals. It is very costly to solve problems in the radio-frequency domain due to components such as antennas, multiplexers, attenuators.

CONTINUE…

II.Wireless Medium Modeling

Emulation deals with the physical interaction between nodes by modeling the characteristics of the wireless shared medium.

III.Node variabilityHybrid Emulation

Emulation setup consisting of several physical machines, each host contain one or multiple virtual node instances.

One-to-One mappingA physical machine that holds only a single virtual node.

Monolithic EmulationEmulation setup consisting of a single physical machine which holds all virtual nodes. In contrast to network simulation, at least on communication layer is real implemented running on the operation system.

CONTINUE…

IV. Control mechanism

Classification of testbeds according to control mechanism:Centralized controlIn centralized control an emulation of the node movement is done by the central server. The nodes send their outgoing traffic to a main server, frames/packets that forwards, drops, or alters which is according to the network topology and wireless medium conditions.Distributed controldistributed control approaches build on clients that are mutually connected via wireless shared medium. Nodes in the network receive the entire communication automatically and also determine whether incoming packets are accepted or rejected based on logical connectivity.

CONTINUE…

V. Scalability and Cost efficiency Scalability/size

Addresses the number of nodes. Cost efficiency

In terms of cost for the required hardware and software, as well as the required space for deployment.

CONTINUE…

LITERATURE REVIEWTestbedsName

Architecture Tested Size Mobility/ Medium modeling

Cost efficiency Scalability protocol

JEMU[18] Centralized 12 physical Logical connectivity/wired

low medium DSR

WHYNET[28]

Distributed - Real /wireless medium medium -

MobiEmu[15]

Distributed 50 physical Logical connectivity/wired

high medium PROACTIVE ROUTING

PROTOCOL

ORBIT[12] Centralized 400 physical Antenna switching/Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11

high low AODV/OLSR

NAMEN[14]

Centralized 1 physical Logical connectivity/pointer passing

high high OLSR

Castadiva[9][10]

Centralized - Logical connectivity / IEEE 802.11

medium high OLSR

TestbedsName

Architecture Tested Size Mobility/ Medium modeling

Cost efficiency Scalability protocol

MASSIVE[25]

Distributed 13 physical Logical connectivity/wired

medium low AODV

NET[5] Distributed 64 physical 1920virtual

Logical connectivity/wired

high high AODV

MNE[16] Distributed 10 physical Real person/ IEEE 802.11

medium low OLSR

Truemobile[32]

Real world testbed

16 physical Real robots/IEEE 802.11

low low -

Mint[21] Real world testbed

8 physical Robots/IEEE 802.11

low low AODV

Ne[4] Distributed - Logical connectivity/wired

low low DSR

TestbedsName

Architecture Tested Size Mobility/ Medium modeling

Cost efficiency Scalability protocol

DAWN[29] Real world testbed

10 physical real person/2.4 GHZ RF

low low ZRP

Gray[30] Distributed 33 physical Real person/IEEE 802.11

medium low AODV

Mobi Net[17]

Centralized 200 virtual Logical connectivity/wired

high DSR

RAMON[25]

Radio Frequency emulation

1 physical channel emulation/IEEE 802.11

- low -

PoEm[11] Centralized - channel emulation/real traffic

medium hign MULTI RADIO ROUTING

PROTOCOL

ART-NET[13] Distributed - real environment

low medium OSPF

TestbedsName

Architecture Tested Size Mobility/ Medium modeling

Cost efficiency Scalability protocol

APE[20] Distributed 17 physical Real person/IEEE 802.11

medium low AODV/DSR/OLSR

Ritter[22] Real world testbed

5 real nodes Real person/bluetooth

low low MAC LAYER PROTOCOL

Kaba[31] Radio Frequency emulation

4 physical channel emulation

low low DSR

Engel[36] Distributed 5 virtual per physical node

Logical connectivity

medium medium -

CONCLUSION Most of the research work has been performed on the simulator.

Sometimes there may be instability in the network performance and unexpected

behavior of the nodes due to external effects, but it is difficult to anticipate the behavior

of the nodes in real surroundings.

Consequently testing the actual environment is required and it is very pricey and time

consuming. We present a survey of testbeds for choosing an appropriate tool for testing

mobile ad hoc networks.

Every emulator have its own limitations, some shows good results in specific setting

while some may not perform in a similar context. We conclude that the selection of an

emulator largely depends upon given environment.

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Thank You