rayat shikshan sanstha’s karmaveer bhaurao patil college, vashi… · 2018-11-04 · ac -2.33...

Rayat Shikshan Sanstha’s

Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil College, Vashi, Navi MumbaiAutonomous College

[University of Mumbai]

Syllabus for Approval

Sr.Heading Particulars

No.

1 Title of Course M.Sc.-I Physics

2 Eligibility for AdmissionB.Sc. Physics of any

recognized University

3 Passing marks

4Ordinances/Regulations

(if any)

5 No. of Years / Semesters One Year / Two Semesters

6 Level P.G.

7 Pattern Semester

8 Status New

9To be implemented from

2018-2019Academic year

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AC -2.33 01/09/2018

Item No -

Rayat Shikshan Sanstha’sKARMAVEER BHAURAO PATIL COLLEGE, VASHI.

NAVI MUMBAI(AUTONOMOUS COLLEGE)

Sector-15- A, Vashi, Navi Mumbai - 400 703

Syllabus for M.Sc.- I In Physics

Program: M.Sc.

Course: M.Sc. – I Physics

(Choice Based Credit, Grading and Semester System with effect from the academic year 2018‐2019)

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Preamble of the Syllabus:

Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Physics is a post-graduation programme of

Department of Physics, Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil College Vashi, Navi

Mumbai. The revised syllabus in Physics as per credit based system for M.

Sc. Part–I program will be implemented from the academic year 2018-19.

The systematic and planned curricula from these courses through the

Choice Based Credit, Grading and Semester (CBCGS) System to be

implemented would allow students to motivate and encourage learners to

understand basic concepts in Physics and to understand the real world

problems.

The learners are expected to enrich knowledge through thinking and

reasoning abilities, numerical problem solving, hands on activities, study

tours, industrial visits and research projects etc.

The learners are expected to develop critical, analytical and reasoning

abilities towards real world problems and become familiarize with the recent

scientific and technological advancements.

Scheme of examination for Each SEMESTER:

Continuous Internal Assessment: 40 Marks (Unit Test - 20 Marks & 20 Marks for-Assignment, Oral, Seminar, Presentation, Group Discussion, Participation in Conf / Sem / Workshop, Open Book Test, Visit to Research Institute etc)

Semester End Examination: 60 Marks (2 ½ hrs duration) will be as follows:

I. Theory:

Each theory paper shall be of TWO and HALF Hour duration.

Each paper shall consist of FOUR questions. All questions are compulsoryand will have internal options.

Q – I : is from Unit – I (12 Marks)

Q – II : is from Unit – II (12 Marks)

Q – III : is from Unit – III (12 Marks)

Q – IV : is from Unit – IV (12 Marks)

Q – V : will consist of questions from all the FOUR Units with equalweightage of marks allotted to each Unit. (12 Marks)

II. Practicals: The External examination per practical course will beconducted as per the following scheme.

Sr. Particulars of External Practical Examination Marks%No.

1 Laboratory Work ( 1 Expt to be performed) 80

2 Journal 10

3 Viva 10

SUB - TOTAL 100

III. Project Evaluationa. Internal Examiner 50b. External Examiner 50

SUB - TOTAL 100

TOTAL = 200

Syllabus for M.Sc. Part – I Physics (Theory & Practical)

Course Structure & Distribution of Credits

1. General:

M. Sc. in Physics Program consists of total 16 theory courses, total 4 practicallab courses and 4 projects spread over four semesters. Sixteen theory courses,four practical lab courses and 4 projects are compulsory for all the students.Each theory course will be of 4 (four) credits, each practical lab course will be of4 (four) credits and each project will be of 4 (four) credits. A project can be ontheoretical physics, experimental physics, applied physics, development physics,computational physics or industrial product development. A student earns 24(twenty-four) credits per semester and total 96 (ninety-six) credits in foursemesters. The course structure is as follows:

Theory Courses

Sem Paper-1 Paper-2 Paper-3 Paper- 4

I Mathematical Classical Quantum Solid StateMethods Mechanics Mechanics - I Physics

II Electrodynamics Statistical Quantum Solid StateMechanics Mechanics - II Devices

Practical Lab Courses and Projects

Semester-I Practical Lab Course - 1 Project 1

Semester-II Practical Lab Course – 2 Project 2

Semester I

M.Sc. in Physics Program for Semester‐I consists of four theory courses, one practical lab course and one project course. The details are as follows:

Theory Courses (4): 16 hours per week (One lecture of one-hour duration)

Theory Paper Subject Lectures(Hrs.) Credits

PGPH101 Mathematical Methods 60 04

PGPH102 Classical Mechanics 60 04

PGPH103 Quantum Mechanics-I 60 04

PGPH104 Solid State Physics 60 04

TOTAL = 240 16

Practical Lab Course: 1 08 hours per weekPractical Lab Course Practical Lab Sessions (Hrs.) Credits

PGPHP101 120 04

Project : 1 08 hours per weekProject Total Project period (Hrs.) Credits

PGPHPR101 120 04

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Semester II

M.Sc. in Physics Program for Semester‐II consists of four theory courses, one practical lab course and one project course. The details are as follows:

Theory Courses (4): 16 hours per week (One lecture of one-hour duration)

Theory Paper Subject Lectures(Hrs.) Credits

PGPH201 Electrodynamics 60 04

PGPH202 Statistical Mechanics 60 04

PGPH203 Quantum Mechanics-II 60 04

PGPH204 Solid State Devices 60 04

TOTAL 240 16

Practical lab course: 2 08 hours per weekPractical Lab Course Practical Lab Sessions (Hrs.) Credits

PGPHP201 120 04

Project : 2 08 hours per weekProject Total Project period (Hrs.) Credits

PGPHPR201 120 04

The candidate shall be awarded the degree of Master of Science in Physics (M.Sc. In Physics – Materials Science) after completing the course and meeting allthe evaluation criteria.

2. Passing Standards:

This course will have 40% Term Work (TW) / Internal Assessment (IA) and60% External Assessment (written examination of 2.5 Hours duration foreach course paper and practical examination of 4 Hours duration for eachpractical). All external examinations will be held at the end of each semesterand will be conducted by the University as per the existing norms.Term Work / Internal Assessment ‐ IA (40%) and University examination

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(60%)‐ shall have separate heads of passing. For Theory courses, internal assessment shall carry 40 marks and Semester ‐endexamination shall carry 60 marks for each Theory Course.

To pass, a student has to obtain minimum grade point E or above separatelyin the IA and the external examination.The external examination for all Theory and Practical courses shall beconducted at the end of each Semester and the evaluation of Project courseand Project Dissertation will be conducted at the end of the each Semester.The candidates shall appear for external examination of 4 theory courseseach carrying 60 marks of 2.5 hours duration and two practical courses (1Practical Course and 1 Project Course in M.Sc. Part - I & II) each carrying100 marks at the end of each semester.The candidate shall prepare and submit for practical examination a certifiedJournal based on the practical course carried out under the guidance of afaculty member with minimum number of experiments as specified in thesyllabus.

The candidate shall submit a Project Report / Dissertation for the Project Course at the end of each semester as per the guidelines.

3. Standard point scale for grading:

Marks Grade Points Grade Performance80.00 and

Above 10 O Outstanding70 to 79.99 9 A+ Excellent60 to 69.99 8 A Very Good55 to 59.99 7 B+ Good50 to 54.99 6 B Above Average45 to 49.99 5 C Average40 to 44.99 4 D Pass

Less Than 40 1 F Fail

4. Grade Point Average (GPA) calculation:

1. GPA is calculated at the end of each semester after grades have been processed and afterany grades have been updated or changed. Individual assignments / quizzes / surprisetests / unit tests / tutorials / practicals / project / seminars etc. as prescribed byUniversity are all based on the same criteria as given above. The teacher should converthis marking into the Quality‐Points and Letter‐Grade.

2. Performance of a student in a semester is indicated by a number calledSemester Grade Point Average (SGPA). It is the weighted average of the

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grade pointsCGPA = i=1 / i=1

= The number of credits earned in the th course of a semester.= Grade point earned in the th course.= 1, 2, …. represents number of courses for which the student is

registered.

3. The Final remark grade will be decided on the basis of Cumulative GradePoint Average (CGPA) which is weighted average of the grade points obtained in all the semesters registered by the learner.

CGPA = j =1 j j / j=1 j= The number of credits earned in the th course up to the semester for

which the CGPA is calculated.= Grade point earned in the th course*

= 1,2,…. represents number of courses for which the student isregistered up to the semester for which the CGPA is calculated.

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M.Sc. (Physics) Theory Courses

SEMESTER – IPAPER ‐ 1: Mathematical MethodsCOURSE NO.: PGPH101: (60 lectures, 4 credits)

Course Objectives:

1. The main objective of this course is to familiarize students with a range ofmathematical methods that are essential for solving advanced problems intheoretical physics.

2. Introduce students to the use of mathematical methods to solve physics problems.

3. Provide students with basic skills necessary for the application of mathematical methods in physics.

4. To gain a working knowledge of mathematical methods used in physics.

Learning Outcomes:

After successfully completion of this course, the students will be able to …

1. know elementary ideas in linear algebra, special functions and complex analysis and use complex analysis in solving physical problems;

2. solve ordinary and partial differential equations of second order that are common in the physical sciences;

3. use the orthogonal polynomials and other special functions;4. use Fourier series and integral transformation;5. be able to apply these to solve problems in classical, statistical and quantum

mechanics as well as electromagnetism.

Unit - I Complex Analysis (15 lect.)

Complex Variables, Limits, Continuity, Derivatives, Cauchy‐Riemann Equations, Analyticfunctions, Harmonic functions, Elementary functions: Exponential and Trigonometric, Taylorand Laurent series, Residues, Residue theorem, Principal part of the functions, Residues atpoles, zeroes and poles of order m, Contour Integrals, Evaluation of improper real integrals,improper integral involving Sines and Cosines, Definite integrals involving sine and cosinefunctions.

Unit -II Matrices and Tensor Analysis (15 lect.)

Matrices, Eigenvalues and Eigen vectors, orthogonal, unitary and hermitian matrices,Diagonalization of Matrices, Applications to Physics problems. Introduction to TensorAnalysis, Addition and Subtraction of Cartesian Tensors, Algebra and Analysis with 2ndrank tensors, summation convention, Contraction, Direct Product, Levi‐ Civita Symbol.

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Unit -III Series Solutions of Differential Equations (15 lect.)

General treatment of second order linear differential equations with non-constantcoefficients, Power series solutions, Frobenius method, Legendre, Hermite andLaguerre polynomials, Bessel equations, Nonhomogeneous equation – Green’sfunction, Sturm-Liouville theory, Spherical harmonics.

Unit -IV Fourier and Laplace’s Transforms (15 lect.)

Integral transforms: three dimensional fourier transforms and its applications toPDEs (Green function of Poisson’s PDE), convolution theorem, Parseval’s relation,Laplace transforms, Laplace transform of derivatives, Inverse Laplace transformand Convolution theorem, use of Laplace’s transform in solving differentialequations.

Assignments: should be based on numerical problems related to the syllabus.

Main references:

1. H. K. Das, Higher Engg. Mathematics.

2. S. D. Joglekar, Mathematical Physics: The Basics, Universities Press 2005

3. S. D. Joglekar, Mathematical Physics: Advanced Topics, CRC Press 2007

4. Charlie Harper, Introduction to Mathematical Physics

5. M. L. Boas, Mathematical methods in the Physical Sciences, Wiley India 2006.

Additional References:

1. A. K. Ghatak, I.C. Goyal and S.J. Chua, Mathematical Physics, McMillan.

2. A.C. Bajpai, L.R. Mustoe and D. Walker, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, John Wiley.

3. J. Mathews and R.L. Walker, Mathematical Methods of physics.

4. A. W.Joshi, Matrices and Tensors in Physics, Wiley India.

5. T. Das and S.K. Sharma, Mathematical methods in Classical and QuantumMechanics.

6. R. V. Churchill and J.W. Brown, Complex variables and applications, V Ed. Mc Graw. Hill.

7. G. Arfken and H. J. Weber: Mathematical Methods for Physicists, Academic Press 2005.

PAPER - 2: Classical MechanicsCOURSE NO.: PGPH102: (60 lectures, 4 credits)

Course Objectives:

1. To develop familiarity with the physical concepts and facility with the mathematical methods of classical mechanics.

2. To develop skills in formulating and solving physics problems.3. To develop the self-discipline and work habits necessary to succeed in

graduate school and in the real world.

4. To get the knowledge and understanding of the following fundamental concepts in:

a) Newtonian mechanics in one dimensionb) Oscillationsc) General motion of a particle in three dimensionsd) Newton’s law of motion in non-inertial frames of referencee) Particle motion under central forcesf) The dynamics of systems of particlesg) Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulation of mechanics

5. To apply the familiar techniques, based on Newton’s laws, to systems in a variety of coordinate systems and references frames

6. To develop the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations of mechanics which are important in the study of quantum mechanics

7. To develop an understanding of Classical Mechanics of particles and to develop your math skills as applied to physics.

Learning Outcomes:


1. Demonstrate knowledge of core principles in mechanics;2. Understand the principles of Newtonian mechanics and have a working

knowledge of its application;3. Understand and answer problems on damped and forced oscillatory systems,

and simple coupled systems;4. Demonstrate a working knowledge of classical mechanics and its application

to standard problems such as central forces;5. Understand and apply Lagrange’s equations to simple physical systems;6. Solve dynamical problems involving classical particles by using the

Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulation.

Unit - I Theory (15 lect.)

Constraints, D’Alembert’s principle and Lagrange’s equations, Velocity‐dependent potentialsand the dissipation function, Simple applications of the Lagrangian formulation. Hamilton’sprinciple, Calculus of variations, Derivation of Lagrange’s equations from Hamilton’s principle,Lagrange Multipliers and constraint exterimization problems, Extension of Hamilton’sprinciple to nonholonomic systems, Advantages of a variational principle formulation.

Unit -II Central Force (15 lect.)

Conservation theorems and symmetry properties, Energy Function and the conservation of energy. The Two‐BodyCentral Force Problem: Reduction to the equivalent one body problem, the equations of motion and first integrals, theequivalent one‐dimensional problem and classification of orbits, the virial theorem, the differential equation for theorbit and integrable power‐law potentials, The Kepler problem: Inverse square law of force, the motion in time in theKepler problem, Scattering in a central force field, Transformation of the scattering problem to laboratory coordinates.

Unit -III Small Oscillations (15 lect.)

Formulation of the problem, the eigenvalue equation and the principal axistransformation, Frequencies of free vibration and normal coordinates, Forced anddamped oscillations, Resonance and beats.

Legendre transformations and the Hamilton equations of motion, Cycliccoordinates and conservation theorems, Derivation of Hamilton’s equations froma variational principle.Unit -IV Canonical Methods (15 lect.)

Canonical Transformations, Examples of canonical transformations, Thesimplistic approach to canonical transformations, Poisson brackets and othercanonical invariants, Equations of motion, infinitesimal canonicaltransformations and conservation theorems in the Poisson bracket formulation,The angular momentum Poisson bracket relations.


Main Reference:

1. Introduction to Classical Mechanics with Problems and Solutions, David Morin, Cambridge University.

2. Classical Mechanics, H. Goldstein, Poole and Safko, 3rd Edition, Narosa Publication (2001)


1. Classical Mechanics, N. C. Rana and P. S. Joag. Tata McGraw Hill Publication.

2. Classical Mechanics, S. N. Biswas, Allied Publishers (Calcutta).

3. The Action Principle in Physics, R. V. Kamat, New Age Intnl. (1995).

4. Theory and Problems of Lagrangian Dynamics, Schaum Series, McGraw (1967).

5. Classical Mechanics of Particles and Rigid Bodies, K. C. Gupta, Wiley Eastern (2001).

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PAPER - 3: Quantum Mechanics - ICOURSE NO.: PGPH103: (60 lectures, 4 credits)

Course Objectives:

1. To develop familiarity with the physical concepts and facility with the mathematical methods of quantum mechanics.

2. To cultivate the skills at formulating and solving physics problems.3. To encourage the development of self-discipline and work habits that are

useful both in academic course work and in the real world.

Learning Outcomes:


1. Pinpoint the historical aspects of development of quantum mechanics2. Understand and explain the differences between classical and quantum

mechanics3. Understand the idea of wave function4. Understand the uncertainty relations5. Solve Schrodinger equation for simple potentials6. Spot, identify and relate the eigenvalue problems for energy, momentum,

angular momentum and central potentials explain the idea of spin

Unit - I Structure of Quantum Mechanics (15 lect.)

1. Review of concepts: Postulates of quantum mechanics, observables andoperators, measurements, state function and expectation values, the time-dependent Schrodinger equation, time development of state functions, solution tothe initial value problem. The Superposition principle, commutator relations,their connection to the uncertainty principle, complete set of commutingobservables. Time development of expectation values, conservation theorems andparity.

2. Formalism: Linear Vector Spaces and operators, Dirac notation, Hilbertspace, Hermitian operators and their properties, Matrix mechanics: Basis andrepresentations, unitary transformations, the energy representation.Schrodinger, Heisenberg and interaction picture.

Unit -II Angular Momentum (15 lect.)

1. Ladder operators, eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of L2 and Lz using spherical harmonics, angular momentum and rotations.

2. Total angular momentum J; LS coupling; eigenvalues of J2 and Jz.3. Addition of angular momentum, coupled and uncoupled representation of

eigenfunctions, Clebsch Gordan coefficient for j1 = j2 = ½ and j1 =1 and j2 = ½.4. Angular momentum matrices, Pauli spin matrices, spin eigenfunctions, free

particle wave function including spin, addition of two spins.5. Identical particles: Symmetric and anti-symmetric wave functions, Bosons and

Fermions, Pauli’s Exclusion Principle and Slater determinant.

Unit -III Schrodinger eqn. solutions: 1D and 2D problems (15 lect.)

1. Wave packet: Gaussian wave packet, Fourier transform.2. Schrodinger equation solutions: one dimensional problems: General

properties of one dimensional Schrodinger equation, Particle in a box,Harmonic oscillator by raising and lowering operators and Frobenius method,unbound states, one dimensional barrier problems, finite potential well. Add2D problems

Unit -IV Schrodinger equation solutions: 3D problems (15 lect.)

Orbital angular momentum operators in cartesian and spherical polarcoordinates, commutation and uncertainty relations, spherical harmonics, twoparticle problem-coordinates relative to centre of mass, radial equation for aspherically symmetric central potential, hydrogen atom, eigenvalues and radialeigen functions, degeneracy, probability distribution.


Main references:

1. Richard Liboff, Introductory Quantum Mechanics, 4th edition, Pearson.

2. D J Griffiths, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics 4th edition

3. A Ghatak and S Lokanathan, Quantum Mechanics: Theory and Applications, 5th edition.

4. N Zettili, Quantum Mechanics: Concepts and Applications, 2nd edition, Wiley.


1. W Greiner, Quantum Mechanics: An introduction, Springer, 2004

2. R Shankar, Principles of Quantum Mechanics, Springer, 1994

3. P.M. Mathews and K. Venkatesan, A Textbook of Quantum Mechanics, Tata McGraw Hill (1977).

4. Quantum Mechanics, Franz Schwabl, Springer, 3rd ed.

5. Lectures on Quantum Mechanics, Ashok Das, Hindustan Book Agency, 2nd

ed.

Semester - I: Paper - IVCourse no.: PGPH104: Solid State Physics (60 lectures, 4 credits)

Course Objectives:

1. To understand the basic interatomic forces and bonds, crystal systems and spatial symmetries.

2. To learner should understand their structures, electronic, optical, and thermal properties of the solids and group of materials.

3. To understand the concept of reciprocal space, Brillouin zones etc4. To know the principles of structure determination by diffraction.5. To show how crystal symmetry leads to substantial mathematical

simplications when dealing with solids.6. To make the basic experimental measurements, to show typical data sets

and to compare these with theory.

Learning Outcomes:


1. Explain the fundamental concepts of solid state physics such as what typesof matter exist and the methods available to determine their structures andproperties.

2. Outline the physical origins which govern the properties of matter in the solid state.

3. Apply the knowledge gained to solve problems in solid state physics using relevant mathematical tools.

4. To outline the importance of solid state physics in the modern society.

Unit - I Diffraction of Waves by Crystals and Reciprocal (15 lect.)Lattice

Bragg law, Scattered Wave Amplitude – Fourier analysis, Reciprocal LatticeVectors, Diffraction Conditions, Brillouin Zones, Reciprocal Lattice to SC, BCCand FCC lattice. Interference of Waves, Atomic Form Factor, Elastic Scattering bycrystal, Ewald Construction, Structure Factor, Temperature Dependence of theReflection Lines, Experimental Techniques (Laue Method, Rotating CrystalMethod, Powder Method) Scattering from Surfaces, Elastic Scattering byamorphous solids.Unit -II Lattice Vibrations and thermal properties (15 lect.)

Vibrations of Monoatomic Lattice, normal mode frequencies, dispersion relation.Lattice with two atoms per unit cell, normal mode frequencies, dispersionrelation., Quanization of lattice vibrations, phonon momentum, Inelasticscattering of neutrons by phonons, Surface vibrations, Inelastic Neutronscattering. Anharmonic Crystal Interaction. Thermal conductivity – LatticeThermal Resistivity, Umklapp Process, Imperfections.

Unit -III Diamagnetism and Paramagnetism (15 lect.)

Langevin diamagnetic equation, diamagnetic response, Quantum mechanicalformulation, core diamagnetism. Quantum Theory of Paramagnetism, Rare EarthIons, Hund’s Rule, Iron Group ions, Crystal Field Splitting and Quenching oforbital angular momentum; Adiabatic Demagnetisation of a paramagnetic Salt,Paramagnetic susceptibility of conduction electrons

Unit -IV Magnetic Ordering (15 lect.)

Ferromagnetic order‐ Exchange Integral, Saturation magnetisation, Magnons,neutron magnetic scattering; Ferrimagnetic order, spinels, Yttrium Iron Garnets, AntiFerromagnetic order. Ferromagnetic Domains – Anisotropy energy, origin of domains,transition region between domains, Bloch wall, Coercive force and hysteresis.


Main References:

1. Charles Kittel “Introduction to Solid State Physics”, 7th edition John Wiley& sons.

2. J. Richard Christman “Fundamentals of Solid State Physics” John Wiley & sons

3. M. A. Wahab “Solid State Physics –Structure and properties of Materials”Narosa Publications 1999.

4. M. Ali Omar “Elementary Solid State Physics” Addison Wesley (LPE)

5. H. Ibach and H. Luth 3rd edition “Solid State Physics – An Introduction toPrinciples of Materials Science” Springer International Edition (2004)

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M.Sc. – Physics (Materials Science) Practical Lab Courseand Project

Semester – I: Lab Practical Course - 1

Course number: PGPHP101 (120 hours, 4 credits)

Semester – I: Project 1

Course number: PGPHPR101 (120 hours, 4 credits)

Sr. No. Experiment Reference Book (s)1 Michelson Interferometer Advanced Practical Physics – Worsnop and

Flint2 Analysis of Sodium spectrum 1. Atomic spectra – H. E. White

2. Experiments in Modern Physics -Mellissinos

3 h/e by vacuum photocell 1. Adv. Practical Physics – Worsnop andFlint

2. Experiments in Modern Physics -Mellissinos

4 Study of He-Ne laser – 1. A course of experiments with laser -Measurement of divergence Sirohiand wavelength 2. Elementary experiments with laser – G.

White5 Measurement of magnetic Adv. Practical Physics – Worsnop and Flint

susceptibility by Guoy’sbalance method

6 Absorption spectrum of Adv. Practical Physics – Worsnop and Flintspecific liquids

7 Regulated power supply using 1. Operational amplifiers and linearIC LM317 voltage regulator integrated circuits – Coughlin &

Driscoll

2. Practical analysis of electronic circuitsthrough experimentation – MacDonald

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8 Regulated dual power supply 1. Operational amplifiers and linearusing IC LM 317 and IC LM integrated circuits – Coughlin &337 voltage regulators Driscoll

2. Practical analysis of electronic circuitsthrough experimentation – MacDonald

9 Constant current source using Integrated Circuits – K. R. BotkarIC LM 741 and LM 317

10 Active filter circuits (second 1. Op-amps and linear integrated circuitorder) technology – R. Gayakwad

2. Operational amplifiers and linearintegrated circuits – Coughlin & Driscoll

11 Carrier lifetime by pulsed Semiconductor electronics - Gibsonreverse method

12 Resistivity by four probe Semiconductor measurements - Runyanmethod

13 Temperature dependence of 1. Solid state devices – W. D. Cooperavalanche and Zener 2. Electronic text lab manual – P. B. Zbarbreakdown diodes 3. Electronic devices & circuits – Millman

and Halkias

14 DC Hall effect 1. Manual of experimental physics – E. V.Smith

2. Semiconductor measurements –Runyan

3. Semicond. and solid state physics –Mackelvy

4. Handbook of semiconductors – Hunter15 Magneto resistance of Bi Semiconductor measurements – Runyan

specimen16 Microwave oscillator Physics of Semiconductor Devices – S. M.

characteristics Sze

Note: Min. No. of experiments to be performed and reported in the journal - 10

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M.Sc. (Physics) Theory Courses

SEMESTER – II

Paper - I: ElectrodynamicsCourse no.: PGPH201: (60 lectures, 4 credits)

Course Objectives:

1. To apprise the students regarding the concepts of electrodynamics andMaxwell equations and use them various situations.

2. To acquire the knowledge of Electromagnetic field theory that allows thestudent to have a solid theoretical foundation to be able in the future todesign emission, propagation and reception of electromagnetic wavesystems.

3. To identify, formulate and solve fields and electromagnetic waves propagationproblems in a multidisciplinary frame individually or as a member of agroup.

4. To provide the students with a solid foundation in engineering fundamentalsrequired to solve problems and also pursue higher studies.

5. To learn scientific, mathematical and engineering principles that enables them to understand forces, fields, and waves.

Learning Outcomes:


1. To formulate potential problems within electrostatics, magnetostatics andstationary current distributions in linear, isotropic media and to solve suchproblems in simple geometries using separation of variables and the methodof images.

2. Define and derive expressions for the energy both for the electrostatic andmagnetostatic fields and to derive Poynting theorem from Maxwell’sequations and interprete the terms physically.

3. To describe and make calculations of plane electromagnetic waves inhomogeneous media, including reflection of such waves in plane boundariesbetween homogeneous media.

4. To account for the relation between circuit equations (Kirchoff’s laws) and Maxwell’s equations.

5. To use Maxwells equations in analyzing the electromagnetic field due to time varying charge and current distribution.

6. To describe the nature of electromagnetic wave and its propagation through different media and interfaces.

7. To explain charged particle dynamics and radiation from localized time varying electromagnetic sources.

Unit - I Theory (15 lect.)

Maxwell's equations, The Pointing vector, The Maxwellian stress tensor, LorentzTransformations, Four Vectors and Four Tensors, The field equations and the field tensor,Maxwell equations in covariant notation, Relativistic covariant Lagrangian formalism:Covariant Lagrangian formalism for relativistic point charges. The energy‐momentumtensor, Conservation laws, Moving charges in vacuum, gauge transformation.

Unit -II Electro-magnetic wave propagation (15 lect.)

Electromagnetic waves in vacuum, Polarization of plane waves. Electromagneticwaves in matter, frequency dependence of conductivity, frequency dependence ofpolarizability, frequency dependence of refractive index.

Unit -III Sources of Radiations (15 lect.)

The time dependent Green function, The Lienard‐ Wiechert potentials, Leinard‐ Wiechert fields, application to fields‐radiation from a charged particle, Radiation by multipole moments, Electric dipole radiation, Complete fields of a timedependent electric dipole, Magnetic dipole radiation.

Unit -IV Applied Electrodynamics (Waveguide, Antennas & (15 lect.)Transmission)

Wave guides, boundary conditions, classification of fields in wave guides, phasevelocity and group velocity, resonant cavities. Antennas, Types of Antennas: Loopantenna, helical antenna, rectangular micro strip antenna and parabolicantenna, co-axial transmission.


Main Reference:1. W. Greiner, Classical Electrodynamics (Springer‐ Verlag, 2000) (WG).

2. M. A. Heald and J.B. Marion, Classical Electromagnetic Radiation, 3rd edition (Saunders, 1983) (HM)


1. J. D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, 4Th edition, (John Wiley & sons) 2005 (JDJ)

2. W. K. H. Panofsky and M. Phillips, Classical Electricity and Magnetism, 2nd edition, (Addison ‐ Wesley) 1962.

3. D. J. Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics, 2nd Ed., Prentice Hall, India,1989.

4. J. R. Reitz, E. J. Milford and R. W. Christy, Foundation of Electromagnetic Theory, 4th ed., Addison ‐Wesley, 1993

5. P. V. Panat, Capri, Introduction to Electrodynamics.

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Paper - II: Statistical MechanicsCourse no.: PGPH202: (60 lectures, 4 credits)

Course Objectives:

1. To acquire fundamental knowledge of classical and quantum statistical mechanics;

2. To understand basic principles, be able to see relationships between ideas,and to use principles and ideas to calculate properties of simple statisticalsystems.

3. To learn relationship between equilibrium distributions and kinetic processes leading to equilibrium.

4. To learn different statistical ensembles, their distribution functions, ranges of applicability and the corresponding thermodynamic potentials.

5. To learn how to apply thermodynamic principles in order to interpret thermodynamic systems and predict their behaviors.

6. To study how general principles of statistical mechanics actually work insome simple and complex systems and what powerful notions and ideas havebeen developed to approach complex cases.

7. Become aware of the richness and complexity of statistical behaviorexhibited by interacting systems and various approaches (phenomenologicaland microscopic) developed to comprehend such systems.

Learning Outcomes:


1. Apply classical and quantum distributions in circumstances varying fromstandard examples to statistics of charge carriers in semiconductors,chemical reactions and ions in electrolyte solutions.

2. To construct a bridge between macroscopic thermodynamics andmicroscopic statistical mechanics by using mathematical methods andfundamental physics for individual particles.

3. To become familiar with the use of simple statistical mechanical models to predict thermodynamic properties

4. To explore relationships between macroscopic properties of large systems and microscopic behavior of the particles these systems are comprised of.

5. To explore how to deal with elements of statistical thermodynamics, kinetics,and the theory of phase transitions.

6. To experience the richness and complexity of the behavior exhibited by many-particle systems is incredible.

Unit - I Foundations of Classical and Quantum Statistical (15 lect.)Mechanics

[Brief Review of Classical Quantum Mechanics].The Canonical Ensemble - Equilibrium between a system and a heat reservoir, asystem in the canonical ensemble, physical significance of the various statisticalquantities in the canonical ensemble, expressions of the partition function, theclassical systems, energy fluctuations in the canonical ensemble,correspondence with the microcanonical ensemble, the equipartition theoremand the virial theorem, system of harmonic oscillators, statistics ofparamagnetism, thermodynamics of magnetic systems.

Unit -II Statistical Thermodynamics (15 lect.)

Formulation of Quantum Statistics - Quantum-mechanical ensemble theory: thedensity matrix, Statistics of the various ensembles, Examples, systemscomposed of indistinguishable particles, the density matrix and the partitionfunction of a system of free particles.

Unit -III Fermi-Bose Statistical Mechanics (15 lect.)

The Grand Canonical Ensemble - Equilibrium between a system and a particle-energy reservoir, a system in the grand canonical ensemble, physicalsignificance of the various statistical quantities, Examples, Density and energyfluctuations in the grand canonical ensemble, correspondence with otherensembles.

Unit -IV Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena (15 lect.)

The Ising model and mappings; mean-field treatment; exact solution in 1dimension. Classification of phase transitions, critical exponents and scalinghypothesis, correlations and fluctuations, correlation length. Universality; Theconceptual basis of scaling; renormalization group; application to Ising models.


Main Reference:

1. Statistical Mechanics - R. K. Pathria & Paul D. Beale (Third Edition),Elsevier 2011 – Chap. 1 to 5.


1. Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics, Greiner, Neise and Stocker,Springer 1995.

2. Introduction to Statistical Physics, Kerson Huang , Taylor and Francis 2001.

3. Thermal and Statistical Physics, F Reif.

4. Statistical Physics, D Amit and Walecka.

5. Statistical Mechanics, Kerson Huang.

6. Statistical Mechanics, J.K. Bhattacharjee.

7. Non‐equilibrium Statistical Mechanics, J.K. Bhattacharjee.

8. Thermodynamics, H.B. Callen

Paper - III: Quantum Mechanics - IICourse no.: PGPH203: (60 lectures, 4 credits)

Course Objectives:

1. To develop familiarity with the physical concepts and facility with the mathematical methods of quantum mechanics.

2. To cultivate the skills at formulating and solving physics problems.3. To encourage the development of self-discipline and work habits that are useful

both in academic course work and in the real world.

Learning Outcomes:


1. Pinpoint the historical aspects of development of quantum mechanics2. Understand and explain the differences between classical and quantum

mechanics3. Understand the idea of wave function4. Understand the uncertainty relations5. Solve Schrodinger equation for simple potentials6. Spot, identify and relate the eigenvalue problems for energy, momentum,

angular momentum and central potentials explain the idea of spin

Unit - I Approximation Methods (15 lect.)

1. Variation Method: Basic principle, applications to simple potential problems,He-atom.

2. WKB Approximation: WKB approximation, turning points, connection formulas, Quantization conditions, applications.

3. Feynman and Hellmann theorem.

Unit -II Perturbation Theory (15 lect.)

Time independent perturbation theory: First order and second order correctionsto the energy eigenvalues and eigen functions. Degenerate perturbation Theory:first order correction to energy.

Time dependent perturbation theory: Harmonic perturbation, Fermi's GoldenRule, sudden and adiabatic approximations, applications.Unit -III Scattering Theory (15 lect.)

Laboratory and centre of mass frames, differential and total scattering cross-sections, scattering amplitude, Partial wave analysis and phase shifts, opticaltheorem, S-wave scattering from finite spherical attractive and repulsive potentialwells, Born approximation in detail.

Unit -IV Modern Quantum Mechanics and Applications (15 lect.)

1. Relativistic Quantum Mechanics2. The Klein Gordon and Dirac equations. Dirac matrices, spinors, positive and

negative energy solutions physical interpretation. Nonrelativistic limit of theDirac equation, Problems on particles and anti-particles,

3. Quantum mechanics of lasers, quantum phase, SQUIDS, Josephson’s effect.


Main references:

1. Richard Liboff, Introductory Quantum Mechanics, 4th edition, Pearson.

2. D J Griffiths, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics 4th edition

3. A Ghatak and S Lokanathan, Quantum Mechanics: Theory and Applications, 5th edition.

4. N Zettili, Quantum Mechanics: Concepts and Applications, 2nd edition, Wiley.


1. W Greiner, Quantum Mechanics: An introduction, Springer, 2004

2. R Shankar, Principles of Quantum Mechanics, Springer, 1994

3. P.M. Mathews and K. Venkatesan, A Textbook of Quantum Mechanics, Tata McGraw Hill (1977).

4. J. J. Sakurai Modern Quantum Mechanics, Addison-Wessley (1994).

Paper‐IV: Solid State DevicesCourse no.: PGPH204: (60 lectures, 4 credits)

Course Objectives:

1. To study the electronic properties of semiconductors and semiconductordevices.

2. To study the semiconductor fundamentals and applications to an electronic devices.

3. To study the basic physics of compound semiconductor-based electronic devices.

4. To learn the background of solid state and semiconductor physics and basic principles of electronic devices operation.

5. To learn the importance of electrons and holes in semiconductors, the charge density and distribution, the charge transport mechanisms etc.

6. To study the internal workings of p-n junction and the most basic solid state electronic devices.

Learning Outcomes:


1. Use the knowledge of physics to understand the behavior of semiconductor devices.

2. Apply appropriate mathematical techniques to solve semiconductor problems.3. Understand the operation of semiconductor devices.4. Apply appropriate laboratory techniques to measure semiconductor properties.5. Apply appropriate laboratory techniques to measure semiconductor

characteristics.6. Develop analytical approaches to understanding semiconductor devices.

Unit - I Semiconductor Physics (15 lect.)

Classification of Semiconductors; Crystal structure with examples of Si, Ge & GaAs semiconductors; Energy bandstructure of Si, Ge & GaAs; Extrinsic and compensated Semiconductors; Temperature dependence of Fermi‐energy andcarrier concentration. Drift, diffusion and injection of carriers; Carrier generation and recombination processes‐ Directrecombination, Indirect recombination, Surface recombination, Auger recombination; Applications of continuityequation‐Steady state injection from one side, Minority carriers at surface, Haynes Shockley experiment, High fieldeffects. Hall Effect; Four – point probe resistivity measurement; Carrier life time measurement by light pulse technique.

Unit -II Semiconductor Devices - I (15 lect.)p‐n junction : Fabrication of p‐n junction by diffusion and ion‐implantation; Abrupt and linearly graded junctions; Thermal equilibrium conditions; Depletion regions; Depletion capacitance,Capacitance – voltage (C‐V) characteristics,

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Evaluation of impurity distribution, Varactor; Ideal and Practical Current‐voltage (I‐V) characteristics; Tunneling andavalanche reverse junction break down mechanisms; Minority carrier storage, diffusion capacitance, transientbehavior; Ideality factor and carrier concentration measurements; Carrier life time measurement by reverse recovery ofjunction diode;; p‐ i‐n diode; Tunnel diode, Introduction to p‐n junction solar cell and semiconductor laser diode.

Unit -III Semiconductor Devices - II (15 lect.)

Metal – Semiconductor Contacts: Schottky barrier – Energy band relation, Capacitance‐ voltage (C‐V) characteristics, Current‐voltage (I‐V)characteristics; Ideality factor, Barrier height and carrier concentration measurements; Ohmic contacts.

Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT): Static Characteristics; Frequency Responseand Switching. Semiconductor heterojunctions, Heterojunction bipolartransistors, Quantum well structures.

Unit -IV Semiconductor Devices - III (15 lect.)

Metal‐semiconductor field effect transistor (MESFET)‐ Device structure, Principles of operation, Current voltage (I‐V)characteristics, High frequency performance. Modulation doped field effect transistor (MODFET); Introduction to idealMOS device; MOSFET fundamentals, Measurement of mobility, channel conductance etc. from Ids vs, Vds and I ds vs Vg

characteristics. Introduction to Integrated circuits.


Main References:

1. S. M. Sze; Semiconductor Devices: Physics and Technology, 2nd edition, John Wiley, New York, 2002.

2. B. G. Streetman and S. Benerjee; Solid State Electronic Devices, 5th edition, Prentice Hall of India, NJ, 2000.

3. W.R. Runyan; Semiconductor Measurements and Instrumentation, McGrawHill, Tokyo, 1975.

4. Adir Bar‐Lev: Semiconductors and Electronic devices, 2nd edition, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1984.


1. Jasprit Singh; Semiconductor Devices: Basic Principles, John Wiley, NewYork, 2001.

2. Donald A. Neamen; Semiconductor Physics and Devices: Basic Principles, 3rd edition, Tata McGraw‐Hill, New Delhi, 2002.

3. M. Shur; Physics of Semiconductor Devices, Prentice Hall of India, NewDelhi, 1995.

4. Pallab Bhattacharya; Semiconductor Optoelectronic Devices, Prentice Hallof India, New Delhi, 1995.

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M.Sc. – Physics (Materials Science) Practical Lab Course

Semester – II: Lab Practical Course - 2

Course number: PGPHP201 (120 hours, 4 credits)

Semester – II: Project 2

Course number: PGPHPR201 (120 hours, 4 credits)

Sr. No. Experiment Reference Book (s)1 Zeeman effect using Fabry – 1. Advance practical physics – Worsnop &

Perot etalon / Lummer Gehrecke Flintplate 2. Experiments in modern physics -

Mellissinos2 Ultrasonic interferometry – Medical Electronics - Khandpur

Velocity measurements indifferent Fluids

3 Measurement of Refractive index A course of experiments with He-Ne Laser -of Liquids using Laser Sirohi

4 I-V / C-V measurements on Semiconductor measurements ‐ Runyan

semiconductor specimen

5 Double Slit – Fraunhofer Advance practical physics ‐ Worsnop and

diffraction (missing orders) Flint6 Carrier mobility by conductivity Semiconductor electronics - Gibson

7 Measurement o dielectric Electronic instrumentation & measurementconstant, Curie temp and – W. D. Cooperverification of Curie – Weiss law Introduction to solid state physics – C.for ferroelectric material Kittle

Solid state physics – A. J. Dekkar8 Barrier capacitance of a junction Electronic engineering – Millman Halkias

diode

9 Linear Variable Differential Electronic Instrumentation ‐ W.D. Cooper

Transformer10 Faraday Effect – Magneto-Optic Manual of experimental physics: E.V.

Effect: a) To calibrate SmithElectromagnet Experimental physics for students: Whittle

b) To determine Verdet’s & Yarwoodconstant for KCl & KI solutions

11 Energy Band gap by four probe Semiconductor measurements - Runyanmethod

12 Measurement of dielectric constant (Capacitance)13 e/m by Thomson’s method14 Solar cell15 Creep study16 Hysteresis by CRO

Note: Min. No. of experiments to be performed and reported in the journal = 10.

M.Sc. – Physics (Materials Science) Project Course

Semester – I & II

Project evaluation guidelines

Every student will have to complete one project each in Semesters I, II, III and IV with

four credits (100 marks) each. Students can take one long project (from SSP / SSD /

SSE / Electronics / Instrumentation / Materials Science /Thin Film Physics /

Nanotechnology / allied, applied and interdisciplinary in nature / PC simulation etc).

However, for one long project students have to submit four separate project reports /

dissertation consisting of the problem definition, literature survey and current status,

objectives, methodology and some preliminary experimental work in Semester I & III and

actual experimental work, results and analysis in semester II & IV with four credits each.

The project can be a theoretical or experimental project, related to advanced topic,

electronic circuits, models, industrial project, training in a research institute, training of

handling a sophisticated equipments etc.

Maximum four students can do a joint project. Each one of them will submit a separate

project report with details/part only he/she has done. However he/she can in brief (in a

page one or two) mention in Introduction section what other group members have done.

In case of electronic projects, use of readymade electronic kits available in the market

should be avoided. The electronics project / models should be demonstrated during

presentation of the project. In case a student takes training in a research

institute/training of handling sophisticate equipment, he/she should mention in a

report what training he/she has got, which instruments he/she handled and their

principle and operation etc.

Each project will be of 100 marks with 50% by internal and 50% by external evaluation.

The project report should be file bound / spiral bound / hard bound and should

have following format.

• Title Page/Cover page

• Certificate endorsed by Project Supervisor and Head of Department

• Declaration

• Abstract of the project

• Table of Contents

• List of Figures

• List of Tables

• Chapters of Content –

• Introduction and Objectives of the project

• Experimental/Theoretical Methodology/Circuit/Model etc. details

• Results and Discussion if any

• Conclusions

• References

Evaluation by External/Internal examiner will be based on following criteria:(each semester)

Criteria Max. Marks

Literature survey 05

Objectives/Plan of the project 05

Experimental/Theoretical methodology / Working condition 10of project or modelSignificance and originality of the study /Society application 05and inclusion of recent ReferencesDepth of knowledge in the subject / Results and Discussions 10

Presentation 15

Max. marks by External Examiner 50

Max. marks by Internal Examiner / Guide 50

Total Marks 100

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