FIELD REPORT OF RAMLI, ISLAMABAD

FIELD DATE: 26-04-2014

MUBASHIR KHAN

SALMAN MOHSIN

SALMAN AHMED

M.AWAIS

MUNEEB ARSHAD

Acknowledgement:

An undertaking such as that this one is impossible to complete with the help of my Respected Teacher Sir Saleem Shahzad, the team members at the field of Ramli. They encourage me and guide me on every step in during the field. They motivated me and my group members and ensured to complete my task. My Instructor navigated me through different formations, lithologies , fold, faults, fossils and other geological features present in the Ramli village field. I greatly appreciate skill and expertise of Respectable instructor. I acknowledge to the Ambitious geologist welfare association (Bahria university Islamabad campus) that helped a lot in arranging this trip for addition to our previous knowledge.

Abstract:

The Ramli Village is one on of the best field geological and paleontological locality in Islamabad, Pakistan. Due to its easy accessibility, it has a wealth of geological and paleontological features. In fact It represent an open book of geology different rock exposed here, different geological features, tectonic features, folds, faults etc. due to easy availability at road side geology and little height provides a very good and fantastic location to study sedimentary succession.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1CHAPTER:01………………………………………………………………031.1 INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………….03 2CHAPTER 02……………………………………………………………….032.1 MURREE FORMATION………………………………………………………032.2 KULDANA FORMATION…………………………………………………..042.3CORGALI LIMESTONE……………………………………………………….052.4MARGALLA HILL LIMESTONE……………………………………………052.5PATALA FORMATION……………………………………………………….062.6 LOCKHART LIMESTONE……………………………………………………062.7 SAMANA SUK LIMESTONE……………………………………………….06 3CHAPTER03…………………………………………………………………073.1 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY…………………………………………………..07FIGURE (3.1)………………………………………………………………………….08FIGURE (3.2)………………………………………………………………………….08FIGURE (3.3)………………………………………………………………………….08FIGURE (3.4)………………………………………………………………………….08FIGURE (3.5)………………………………………………………………………….094 REFRENCES………………………………………………………………………….10

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1.1Introduction:

Pakistan has three major Sedimentary Basins

1. Indus Basin 2. Baluchistan Basin3. Hazara Basin

Ramli falls in Hazara basin which is located in Margalla hill Islamabad, Pakistan. When Indian & Eurasian plate collides with each other Himalaya Mountain ranges are originated. Margalla Hills are the foot hills of lesser Himalaya, a series of small elevation hills located in north of Islamabad, Pakistan. The hill elevation ranges from 685 meter at western end and 1,604 meter on its west. It is located between Main Boundary Thrust (MCT) and Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) also called Sub-Himalaya. MBT is passing through Margalla hills whose width is 1 km Almost. Ramli is a part of Margalla hills.

2.1Stop # 1: Murree Formation:

On field our first stop beside the road there we observed Murree Formation. A section is exposed to north of Dhok Maiki (lat. 33° 25' N: long. 72° 35' E). The age of murree formation is

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Palaeocene.Thel i t h o l o g y o f m u r r e e f o r m a ti o n i s s h a l e , sand stone. Mostly composed of sand stone. The weathered color of sandstone is reddish brown and fresh color is light brown while in other place the weathered color is maroon and fresh color is dark gray. Small amount of Micca & calcite are also present in i t . Shale is a lso present in weathered. The weathered color of shale is brown to dark brownish whi le fresh color is pale cream to purple and mahroon. We observed recent Al luviam there in normal bedding sequence. We observe cross lamination and honey comb weathering in Murree sand stone. Figures are given below: Figure (2.1 a,b)

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Fig (2.1 a) Fig (2.1 b)

Latitude: 576 mStrike: N55°E

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Dip: NorthDip direction: 40° N

2.2Stop#2: Kuldana Formation:

As we move forward we observed Kuldana Formation which is o lder than Murree Formation. Its age is of Eocene. Kuldana formation is composed of limestone and splintery shale. The weathered color of this limestone is light gray and fresh c o l o r i s d a r k g r a y . T h e w e a t h e r e d c o l o r i s o f s h a l e i s r e d d i s h brown. We observed recumbent fold in kuldana formation. The small pits of marls and gypsum sheet and calcite dikes and mud stone are present.Strike: N30°WDip: NorthDip direction: 65° NE

2.3 Stop #3: Chorgali Limestone: As we move forward we observed Chor Gali Formation. Generally consists of limestone, marly limestone, argillaceous limestone, marl and shale. The weathered color of limestone is creamy light yellow and light grey colours and their freshly broken surface is light grey. The Chor Gali Formation consists of alternating beds of hard limestone and platy limestone within the shale. The marl is light gray to gray and thinly bedded. It is also of Eocen age. (Lat. 33° 26' 30" N: long. 72° 41' E)

2.4 Stop #4: Margalla Hill Limestone:As we move forward on the way we observed Margalla hill Limestone. We identified it by pouring HCL on its fresh sample taken by one of our colleques it gives effervescence sound and bubbles .The age is Eocene.

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The weathered color is gray and fresh color is dark gray. The rocks are intraclastic type. Micritic limestone (finely crystalline limestone) . W e p a r ti c u l a r l y o b s e r v e d nodular limestone present there. Figure (2.4). The weathered color is light gray and fresh color is dark gray. Limestone bedding at some places is vertical. Stiolites, clast. Loadostoolitic structure is present. (Lat N33.76043, long E73.13444).

2.5 Stop #5: Patala Formation:On the Patala formation is mainly consists of dark grey shale, which is sometimes carbonaceous and include workable coal seams. The shale is greenish gray to brownish gray, thinly laminated, splintery, and calcareous; it grades into siltstone and sandstone. The limestone is gray to light gray, thinly bedded, and fossiliferous. The marl is dark gray and fossiliferous. The Patala Formation represents primarily marine deposition. (Lat.32° 40' N: long. 71° 49 E)

2.6 Stop #6: Lockhart Limestone:As we proceed we saw lockhart limestone It consists of Marine limestone and subordinate marl and shale. The limestone is pale gray to dark gray, medium grained, thick bedded, in part nodular, hard, bitumi-nous, and fossiliferous. The marl is grayish black and fossiliferous. The shale is olive gray to greenish gray and has weakly developed cleavage (lat.33° 26' N: long. 70° 30' E).

2.7Stop#7: Samana Suk Formation:

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Our final stop at samana suk formation.Its age is of Middle Jurassic Fossiliferous limestone and subordinate marl. The limestone is dark gray, brownish gray and mottled yellowish orange; medium to thick bedded. The marl is light olive gray to greenish gray, laminated, thinly bedded, and splintery. (Lat32° 55′ 35″ N Long 71º 08′ 50″)

3.1 Structure Geology:

Recumbent fold Kuldana formation Figure. (3.1) Antiformal Syncline Figure. (3.2) Normal Graded Bedding in Alluvial Deposits Figure. (3.3) Chevron folds Figure. (3.4) Table show Different lithology’s and Ages. Figure (3.5)

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Fig (3.1) Fig (3.2)

Fig (3.3) Fig (3.4)

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Fig (3.5)

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4 References:

1 Regional Studies of the Potwar Plateau Area, Northern Pakistan2 Edited by Peter D. Warwick and Bruce R. Wardlaw

3 Afzal, J., Khan, A. M. and N.A. Shafique, 1997. Biostratigraphy of Kirthar Formation (Middle to Late Eocene) in Sulaiman basin, Pakistan – Pak. Jour. Hyd. Res; 9(1): 15–33.

4 STRATIGRAPHY OF PAKISTAN Edited by S. M. Ibrahim ShahGeological Survey of Pakistan1977

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