RAILWAY GATE CONTROL USING IR &LASER

AIM

The aim of our project is to utilize the maximum solar energy through

solar panel . For this a Digital based automatic sun tracking system is

proposed. This project helps the solar power generating equipment to

get the maximum sunlight automatically thereby increasing the

efficiency of the system. The solar panel tracks the sun from east to

west automatically for maximum intensity of light.

The main aim of this project is to automize the unmanned railway gate .(i.e. the gate is closed automatically whenever the train comes and is opened after the train leaves the railway-road crossing)

Problem outline

Early gate controlling requires man power & may prone to errors while working like delay for opening and closing the gate, unexpected door opening while train coming etc. These all are moves the situation into danger sometimes.

Proposed system

The aim of our project is to utilize the maximum solar energy through

solar panel . For this a Digital based automatic sun tracking system is

proposed. This project helps the solar power generating equipment to

get the maximum sunlight automatically thereby increasing the

efficiency of the system. The solar panel tracks the sun from east to

west automatically for maximum intensity of light.

To overcome manual errors and effective controlling an Automatic railway gate control using laser can be introduced at every railway station routes.

HARDWARE TOOLS REQUIRED

1. 8051 MICROCONTROLLER(AT89S52)

2. LASER sensors3. IR SENSORS4. LCD5. POWER SUPPLY UNIT6. RELAY7. OPAMP(LM358)

SOFTWARE TOOLS REQUIRED

KEIL Orcad PROLOAD

BLOCK DIAGRAM

8051

Power supply

Entry IR sensor

LCD

DC motorReset circuit

RELAY

Exit laser sensor

Crystal oscillator

OPAMP

Buzzer

Power supply unit

STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER

BRIDGE RECTIFIER

CAPACITOR FILTER

VOLTAGE REGULATOR

OUTPUT +5V

INPUT 230V AC

5. MICROCONTROLLER (8051)

Microcontrollers are widely used in embedded systems products. Microcontroller is a programmable device.

The fixed amount of on-chip ROM, RAM and number of I/O ports in microcontrollers makes them ideal for many applications in which cost and space are critical.

Features of AT89S52

8K Bytes of Re-programmable Flash Memory.RAM is 256 bytes.4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range.Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz’sThree-level Program Memory Lock.256 x 8-bit Internal RAM.32 Programmable I/O Lines.Three 16-bit Timer/Counters.

Features of AT89S52

8K Bytes of Re-programmable Flash Memory.

RAM is 256 bytes.

4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range.

Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz’s

Three-level Program Memory Lock.

256 x 8-bit Internal RAM.

32 Programmable I/O Lines.

Three 16-bit Timer/Counters.

OPAMP(OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER)

OPAMP functioning

From the above figure you can see that operational

amplifier has two inputs and one output in one independent LM358.

Inputs are at pin 2 (negative pin) and 3 (positive pin), positive pin is

used for positive feedback and negative pin is used for negative

feedback. In ideal condition when no feedback is applied, gain of

the operational amplifier should be infinite.

When voltage at pin 2 is more than voltage at pin 3 it will

raise the output towards the positive maximum voltage and a slight

increase at negative pin compared to positive pin will lower the

output towards the negative maximum. This feature of operational

amplifier makes it suitable for the purpose of level detection. If it

gets positive feedback then train will be detected and output is

high

LASER

Based on the interruption of Laser beam. A low cost Laser pointer is used as the source of light beam. When something breaks the laser path. The sensor detect the train is moving towards laser transmitter then the gate will be closed after leaving the laser receiver sensor the gate will be opened.

RELAY

A relay is an electrically controllable switch widely used in industrial controls, automobiles and appliances.The relay allows the isolation of two separate sections of a system with two different voltage sources i.e., a small amount of voltage/current on one side can handle a large amount of voltage/current on the other side but there is no chance that these two voltages mix up.

LCD

LCD is finding wide spread use replacing LEDs . because of

the following reasons:

The declining prices of LCDs.

The ability to display numbers, characters and graphics. This is in

contrast to LEDs, which are limited to numbers and a few

characters.

LCD can display messages in two lines with 16 characters each. It

displays all the alphabets, Greek letters, punctuation marks,

mathematical symbols etc. In addition, it is possible to display

symbols that user makes up on its own.

Indian Institute of TechnologyHyderabad

WHAT WE DONE UP TO KNOW

SECONDLY WE INTERFACED LCD TO THE CONTROLLER (ARM7) TO DISPLAY THE DATA I.E SENSORS DATA ETC. HERE WE ARE USING 16

PIN LCD

CONTROLLER LCD

CONTRLLER

Circuit Diagram

Working with KEIL software

ADVANTAGS

1. Avoid man power

2. Reduce operation costs

3. Easy to use

4. Performance is high

5. Portable

6. Accuracy is high

7. Automatic operation

APPLICATIONS

1. RAILWAYS

2. INDUSTRIES

3. SCHOOL,COLLEGE JUNCTIONS

CONCLUSION

Finally we conclude that avoiding the man power and risk towards railway gate control and danger for human life by using railway gate control using laser.