quebecers and racism against first nations in …...16% of non-aboriginal quebecers have personally...

DATE

Report

PROJECT NUMBER2020-08-07 70686-002

Quebecers and Racism Against First Nations in QuebecOnline Survey

2

Context and Methodology 04

Profile of Respondents 06

Key Findings 08

Detailed Results 13

1. Perception of First Nations in Quebec 14

1.1 Opinion of First Nations 15

1.2 State of Relations 16

1.3 Knowledge of First Nations Issues and Realities 18

1.4 Perception of First Nations Issues and Realities 19

2. Racism against First Nations in Quebec 20

2.1 Overall Assessment of Racism 21

2.2 Assessment of Racism among Individuals 23

2.3 Assessment of Racism in Institutions 27

TABLE OF CONTENTS

3

3. Responsibility for Fighting Racism 31

3.1 Primary Responsibility for Fighting Racism 32

3.2 Role of the Quebec Government 33

3.3 Autonomy and Territorial Rights of First Nations 35

4. Avenues for Action and Willingness to Act 36

4.1 Priority Nature of the Fight against Racism 37

4.2 Preservation of Ancestral Traditions 38

4.3 Measures against Racism and Discrimination 39

4.4 Interest in Learning More about First Nations 40

Annex 43

Detailed Breakdown of the Regions 44

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTEXT AND METHODOLOGY

5

CONTEXT AND METHODOLOGY

Context

The Assembly of First Nations Québec-Labrador wanted to assess the knowledge and perceptions (attitudes, beliefs, prejudices) of Quebecers

towards First Nations in Quebec. The AFNQL mandated Leger to conduct an online survey among non-Aboriginal Quebecers.

Population and Sample

This study was conducted via an online survey of 1,002 respondents across Quebec. The sample was randomly drawn from Leger's Internet user

panel, i.e., a representative panel of the population. First Nations members were excluded from the sample. The sample is stratified, non-

proportionally, prior to the distribution of the population within Quebec's administrative regions. The sample size for each of the regional groupings

Montreal CMA, Quebec City CMA and other regions was set using quotas (Montreal CMA: 400, Quebec City CMA: 300 and other Quebec regions:

300).

Data Collection

A pre-test was carried out to validate the questionnaire and ensure logical flow and comprehension of the questions. The pre-test took place on

July 16, 2020 with 20 respondents. Official data collection was conducted from July 17 to 23, 2020.

Weighting of Results and Statistical Accuracy

To ensure a representative sample, the study’s raw data was weighted by region of residence, gender, age, level of education and presence of

child(ren) in the household based on Statistics Canada 2016 Census data.

As an indication, a probability sample of the same size (n=1002) would have a margin of error of ± 3.1%, within a confidence interval of 95% (19

times out of 20).

Notes on Reading the Report

In order to highlight the differences between the sub-groups under review, significantly lower proportions in the tables are presented in blue, while

significantly higher proportions are presented in red.

Where applicable, totals that differ from 100% are due to non-response or rounding to the nearest whole number.

The masculine form used in the text refers to both women and men. It is used for the sole purpose of brevity and to facilitate comprehension of the

text.

PROFILE OF RESPONDENTS

After Weighting (n=1002)

Gender

Male 49%

Female 51%

Age Group

18 to 24 years old 10%





65 or older 23%

Education

Elementary / High school 32%

College 42%

University 25%

Presence of child(ren) in the household

Yes 24%

No 75%

Born in Canada

Yes 91%

No 8%

Has visited a First Nations community before

Yes 56%

No 42%

After Weighting (n=1002)

Region of Residence*

Montreal Census Metropolitan Area 50%

Quebec City Census Metropolitan Area 10%

Eastern regions 8%

Central regions 15%

Western regions 17%

Lives near a First Nations community

Yes 15%

No 81%

Main Occupation

Full-time worker 44%

Part-time worker 7%

Self-employed 4%

In school 6%

Retired 29%

Homemaker / Unemployed 7%

Gross Annual Family Income

Under $40,000 24%

$40,000 to $59,999 17%

$60,000 to $79,999 15%

$80,000 to $99,999 13%

$100,000 or more 18%

PROFILE OF RESPONDENTS

7The complement to 100% represents non-response. * A detailed composition of the regions is presented in the annex.

KEY FINDINGS

9

KEY FINDINGS

Among non-Aboriginal Quebecers who have an opinion of First Nations inQuebec, their opinion is positive eight times out of ten (81%)*.

However, most Quebecers:

53%

58%

Consider that the relations that non-Aboriginal Quebecers havewith First Nations in Quebec are bad.*

Admit that they have little or no knowledge of the issues andrealities of First Nations in Quebec.

*Base excluding DNK/Refusal.

10

KEY FINDINGS

92%9 out of 10 non-Aboriginal Quebecers think that First Nations are subject to racismor discrimination in Quebec, even if it’s only rarely.

• 80%* consider that First Nations people face additional barriers in different facets of their lives.

Racism among Individuals Racism in Institutions

When questioned in more detail on their perception of racism towards First Nations, Quebecers equate this with a problem that is more prevalent at the institutional rather than the individual level.

A minority of non-Aboriginal Quebecers (16%) have personallywitnessed racism or discrimination against a First Nations person inQuebec.

However, for them, racism or discrimination is more rhetorical. 31%stated that people around them sometimes make racist ordiscriminatory comments about First Nations people.

The same proportion (30%) admit that they themselves have alsobeen prejudiced against First Nations members.

Personally, the vast majority of Quebecers say they would feelcomfortable interacting with a First Nations member at variouslevels of closeness (93% to 96%).

70%* are of the opinion that currently in Quebec, First Nations arenot treated on the same equal footing as non-Aboriginal Quebecerswithin social structures (i.e., justice system, health system, schoolsystem, etc.)

73%* think that relations between police officers and the FirstNations in Quebec are poor.

The majority* of non-Aboriginal Quebecers consider that the mediadoes not pay sufficient attention to the issues and realities of FirstNations (60%) and does not represent them in a fair manner (53%).


11

KEY FINDINGS

91% of respondents* believe that the Quebec government has an important role to play in reachingand maintaining equality between First Nations and non-Aboriginal Quebecers.

87%* consider that their government should do more to fight racism and discrimination againstFirst Nations in Quebec.

71%

71%

74%

77%

79%

Including Frist Nations concepts in teh school curriculium could contrinbutefighting racism and discrimination towards them.

It is legitimate for First Nations to want to preserve their ancestral traditionsrather than adopt Quebec's culture and way of life.

The Quebec government should consider fighting racism and discriminationtowards First Nations as a priority.

First Nations should have decision-making power over any decision or initiativethat affects their territory.

The Aboriginal and treaty rights that First Nations hold on their territories arelegitimate.

In concrete terms, the vast majority of those who expressed an opinion believe that:


*

*

*

*

12

KEY FINDINGS

Three Quebecers out of four (74%) expressed an interest in learning more about FirstNations in Quebec.

• The subjects they are most interested in are First Nations traditions and heritage (73%), as well as their history (72%).• Globally, specialty programs and television documentaries are the preferred means for learning about First Nations, but there are many

differences in this regard between age groups.

Quebecers born outside of Canada, young people between the ages of 18 and 34 and women stand out in several respectsregarding:

• their sensitivity to the problems of racism and discrimination faced by First Nations,

• their increased expectations of their government in this regard and,

• their interest in learning more about First Nations in Quebec.

Differences between Sub-Groups

Generally speaking, a majority of the Quebec population recognizes that racism exists toward FirstNations in Quebec, and they are open-minded and support Aboriginal claims. They also expecttheir government to take a leading role in the fight against racism and discrimination.

DETAILED RESULTS

1. PERCEPTION OF FIRST NATIONS IN QUEBEC

15

Please indicate if you have a very good, somewhat good, somewhat poor or a very poor opinion of the First Nations in Quebec. Base: All respondents (n=1002)

73% of non-Aboriginal Quebecers say they have a good opinion of First Nations in Quebec.

If we take the results based on those who expressed an opinion (excluding DNK/Refusals), 81% of non-Aboriginal Quebecers have a good opinion ofFirst Nations in Quebec (very good: 21% or somewhat good: 60%).

73%

TOTAL YES

10% 3% 14% 54% 19%

Don't know / Refusal Very poor Somewhat poor Somewhat good Very good

Significantly better opinion among:

• Women (78%, versus 69% for men);

• Those who have visited a First Nations community (77%, versus 68%).

Results excluding DNK/Refusal (n=926)

TOTAL YES: 81%

Very good 21%

Somewhat good 60%

Somewhat poor 16%

Very poor 3%

1. PERCEPTION OF FIRST NATIONS IN QUEBEC1.1 OPINION OF FIRST NATIONS

16

In your opinion, are the relations that non-Aboriginal Quebecers have with the First Nations in Quebec very good, somewhat good, somewhat poor or

very poor? Base: All respondents (n=1002)

1. PERCEPTION OF FIRST NATIONS IN QUEBEC1.2 STATE OF RELATIONS − 1/2

45% of respondents feel that relations between non-Aboriginal Quebecers and First Nations in Quebec are poor, i.e., themajority (53%) of those who expressed an opinion on this topic.

Six respondents out of ten (61%) consider that this situation has been stable over the past five years.

2%

38%40%

5%

15%

Very goodrelations

Somewhat goodrelations

Somewhat poorrelations

Very poorrelations

I don't know


Total good relations: 47%Very good: 2%Somewhat good: 45%

Total poor relations: 53%Very poor: 5%Somewhat poor: 48%

40%

TOTAL GOOD RELATIONS

45%

When you think about relations between non-Aboriginal Quebecers and the First Nations in Quebec, would you say they have improved,

deteriorated or remained the same in the last five years? Base: All respondents (n=1002)

13%

11%

61%

15%

Don't know / Refusla

Have deteriorated

Have remained the same

Have improved

TOTAL POOR RELATIONS

17

The differences that exist between the different sociodemographic groups with regard to opinions on the quality of relations between non-Aboriginal Quebecers and First Nations in Quebec are illustrated below.

In general, women, young people between 18 and 34, residents of Metropolitan Montreal and Quebecers born outside of Canada have a morenegative perception of the quality of these relations.

Of note: young people between 18 and 34 years of age (21%) and Quebecers born outside of Canada (26%) are also more likely to feel thatthese relations have deteriorated over the past five years.


Gender Age

Male(n=453)

Female(n=424)

18-34 (n=241)

35-54 (n=273)

55 +(n=363)

TOTAL GOOD RELATIONS 50% 43% 29% 48% 57%

TOTAL POOR RELATIONS 50% 57% 71% 52% 43%

In your opinion, are the relations that non-Aboriginal Quebecers have with the First Nations in Quebecvery good, somewhat good, somewhat poor or very poor?


Region* Born in Canada

Montreal CMA(n=348)

Quebec City CMA

(n=273)

East(n=47)

Central(n=100)

West(n=109)

Yes(n=807)

No(n=70)

TOTAL GOOD RELATIONS 40% 53% 47% 58% 53% 49% 26%

TOTAL POOR RELATIONS 60% 47% 53% 42% 47% 51% 74%

1. PERCEPTION OF FIRST NATIONS IN QUEBEC1.2 STATE OF RELATIONS − 2/2

3%

39%

49%

9%

High level of knowledge Moderate knowledge Little knowledge No knowledge

18

How would you qualify your level of knowledge of the issues and realties of the First Nations in Quebec?Base: All Respondents (n=1002)

A majority of non-Aboriginal Quebecers (58%) admit that they have little or no knowledge of the issues and realities ofFirst Nations in Quebec.

This low level of knowledge is commonly shared across the population.

42%

TOTAL HIGH OR MODERATE LEVEL KNOWLEDGE

1. PERCEPTION OF FIRST NATIONS IN QUEBEC1.3 KNOWLEDGE OF FIRST NATIONS ISSUES AND REALITIES

Quebecers who were not born in Canada are even more likely to say they have no knowledge (19%, versus 8%).

TOTAL LITTLE OR NO KNOWLEDGE

58%

19

Among the following statements, which one(s) constitute(s) issues and realities for First Nations in Quebec? Base: All respondents (n=1002) – MULTIPLE MENTIONS

Among a list of issues and realities faced by First Nations in Quebec, respondents identified as a priority the higheracademic failure or drop-out rate (73%) and suicide (70%).

In terms of the issues and realities of First Nations in Quebec, one Quebecer out of five (20%) only identified challenges.

This proportion is even higher among residents of Metropolitan Quebec City (30%) and people between 35 and 54 years of age.

The best-known cultural riches are the First Nations’ great respect for their elders and their diversity of languages and traditions.

1. PERCEPTION OF FIRST NATIONS IN QUEBEC1.4 PERCEPTION OF FIRST NATIONS ISSUES AND REALITIES

11%

1%

22%

33%

41%

45%

48%

50%

51%

70%

73%

I don't know

None of these answers

Growing demographics and a young population

Living culture

Shorter life expectancy

Great diversity of languages and traditions

Great respect for elders

Higher incarceration rate

Difficulty accessing safe and healthy housing

Higher suicide rate

Higher academic failure or drop-out rate

Challenge Cultural richness

2. RACISM AGAINST FIRST NATIONS IN QUEBEC

39%

45%

8%

1%

7%

Often Sometimes Rarely Never Don't know / Refusal

21

Do you think that in Québec, First Nations people are subjected to racism or discrimination?Base: All respondents (n=1002)

92% of non-Aboriginal Quebecers are of the opinion that First Nations people are subject to racism or discrimination inQuebec, i.e., nearly all respondents who expressed an opinion on this matter (99%).

This opinion is similarly divided, regardless of the socio-demographic sub-group.

92%

TOTAL YES

Results excluding DNK/Refusal (n=958) TOTAL YES: 99%

Often 42%

Sometimes 48%

Rarely 8%

Never 1%

2. RACISM AGAINST FIRST NATIONS IN QUEBEC2.1 OVERALL ASSESSMENT OF RACISM − 1/2

22

Please indicate your level of agreement with the following statements:First Nations people face additional obstacles in different facets of their lives.

Base: All respondents (n=1002)

70% of non-Aboriginal Quebecers think that First Nations people face additional barriers in different facets of their lives.

When calculating the results on the base of those who expressed an opinion, 80% of respondents agree with this statement.

2. RACISM AGAINST FIRST NATIONS IN QUEBEC2.1 OVERALL ASSESSMENT OF RACISM − 2/2

13% 4% 13% 43% 27%

Don't know Strongly disagree Somewhat disagree Somewhat agree Strongly agree

70%

TOTAL AGREE

Proportion who agree is higheramong:• Women (75%, versus 66% for men).


TOTAL AGREE: 80%

Strongly agree 31%

Somewhat agree 49%

Somewhat disagree 15%

Strongly disagree 5%

Lower among:• Residents of Metropolitan Quebec City

(64%).

Yes16%

Not sure6%

No78%

23

Have you personally, ever witnessed racism or discrimination against a First Nations person in Quebec? Base: All respondents (n=1002)

16% of non-Aboriginal Quebecers have personally witnessed racism or discrimination against a First Nations person inQuebec.

The proportion of people who have witnessed racist or discriminatory gestures is higher among those living near a First Nations community (28%)and men (18%).

2. RACISM AGAINST FIRST NATIONS IN QUEBEC2.2 ASSESSMENT OF RACISM AMONG INDIVIDUALS − 1/4

Proportion higher among:

• Those who live near a First Nations community(28%);

• Those 18 to 34 years of age (23%);

• Men (18%, versus 13% for women).

24

Please indicate your level of agreement with the following statements:Base: All respondents (n=1002)

63% of Quebecers would feel personally comfortable intervening if they witnessed racism or discrimination against a FirstNations person.

The results are similar across socio-demographic subgroups.


16% 6% 15% 42% 21%If I witnessed racism or discrimination against a First Nations

person, I would feel comfortable intervening


63%

TOTAL AGREE

25


A majority of non-Aboriginal Quebecers disagree with the idea that people around them sometimes make discriminatorycomments (58%) or that they have personally been prejudiced (61%) against First Nations members.

These findings were true for all subgroups.


9%

11%

41%

34%

20%

24%

24%

26%

6%

5%

It has happened that I’ve been prejudiced against a First Nations person.

People around me (e.g., family, friends, co-workers) sometimesmake racist or discriminatory comments about First Nations

people.


58%

61%

TOTAL DISAGREE

26

Are you comfortable…Base: All respondents (n=1002)

A wide diversity of Quebecers would be comfortable interacting with a First Nations person, at various levels of closeness.

Opinions are similarly divided among the general population.


2%

1%

2%

1%

5%

5%

4%

3%

31%

33%

27%

30%

62%

61%

67%

66%

…interacting with a First Nations person in private?

…interacting with a First Nations person in public?

…being friends with a First Nations person?

…being neighbours with a First Nations person?

Very uncomfortable Somewhat uncomfortable Somewhat comfortable Very comfortable

96%

94%

94%

93%

TOTAL COMFORTABLE

27

Please indicate your level of agreement with the following statements:

In my opinion, currently in Quebec, the First Nations are not treated on an equal footing as non-Aboriginal Quebecers within social structures (e.g., justice system, health system, school system, etc.).


Six out of ten Quebecers (60%) feel that First Nations people are not treated on an equal footing as non-AboriginalQuebecers within social structures, i.e. 70% of those who expressed an opinion on this issue.

This perception is commonly shared in the population.

2. RACISM AGAINST FIRST NATIONS IN QUEBEC2.3 ASSESSMENT OF RACISM IN INSTITUTIONS − 1/4

14% 8% 18% 36% 24%


60%

TOTAL AGREE

Proportion who agree is higheramong:

• Young people 18 to 34 years of age(67%).


TOTAL AGREE: 70%

Strongly agree 28%

Somewhat agree 42%



28


Now, when you think about relations between police officers and the First Nations in Quebec, are they very good, somewhat good, somewhat poor or very poor?


1%

21%

47%

13%17%

Very goodrelations

Somewhat goodrelations

Somewhat poorrelations

Very poorrelations

I don't know


Total good opinion: 27%Very good: 1%Somewhat good: 26%

Total poor opinion: 73%Very poor: 16%Somewhat poor: 57%

22%

TOTAL GOOD RELATIONS

60%

When you think about relations between police officers and the First Nations in Quebec, would you say they have improved, deteriorated or

remained the same in the last five years?Base: All respondents (n=1002)

18%

18%

55%

9%

Don't know / Refusal

Have deteriorated

Have remained stable

Have improvedAs a reminder: this proportion is45% for relations between non-Aboriginal Quebecers and FirstNations.

As a reminder: this

proportion is 11% pourrelations between non-Aboriginal Quebecersand First Nations.

With regard more specifically to law enforcement, 60% of Quebecers feel that police officers have poor relations with FirstNations.

18% believe that these relations have deteriorated in the last five years.

TOTAL POOR RELATIONS

29

The differences that exist between various sociodemographic groups in terms of their opinion on the quality of relations between police officersand First Nations in Quebec are illustrated below.

In general, it should be noted that, as with relations between non-Aboriginal Quebecers and First Nations, women, young people between the agesof 18 and 34, residents of Metropolitan Montreal, and Quebecers born outside Canada have a more negative perception of the quality of relationsbetween police officers and First Nations in Quebec.


Gender Age

Male(n=436)

Female(n=409)

18-34 (n=232)

35-54 (n=256)

55 +(n=357)

TOTAL GOOD RELATIONS 33% 22% 20% 28% 31%

TOTAL POOR RELATIONS 67% 78% 80% 72% 69%

Now, when you think about relations between police officers and the First Nations in Quebec, are they very good, somewhat good, somewhat poor or very poor?


Region* Born in Canada

Montreal CMA (n=334)

Quebec City CMA

(n=260)

East(n=49)

Central(n=91)

West(n=111)

Yes(n=781)

No(n=64)

TOTAL GOOD RELATIONS 22% 36% 36% 29% 31% 28% 16%

TOTAL POOR RELATIONS 78% 64% 64% 71% 69% 72% 84%


30

Please indicate your level of agreement with the following statements:Base: Results excluding DNK/Refusal

A majority of Quebecers consider that the media does not pay sufficient attention to the issues and realities of FirstNations (60%) and does not represent them in a fair manner (53%).

People between the ages of 18 and 34 are particularly critical in this regard..


15%

19%

38%

41%

41%

31%

6%

9%

Quebec’s media represent the issues and realities of First Nations in a fair manner.

(n=817)

Quebec’s media pay sufficient attention to the issues and realities of First Nations.

(n=870)

Strongly disagree Somewhat disagree Somewhat agree Strongly agree

60%

53%

Base: Results excluding DNK/RefusalTOTAL DISAGREE

Age

18-34 35-54 55 +

Quebec’s media pay sufficient attention to the issues and realities of First Nations. 77% 59% 50%

Quebec’s media represent the issues and realities of First Nations in a fair manner. 67% 55% 43%

TOTAL DISAGREE

14% of respondents abstained from expressing their opinion on the statement “Quebec’s media pay sufficient attention to the issues and realities of First Nations” and 19% for the statement “Quebec’s media represent the issues and realities of First Nations in a fair manner.”

3. RESPONSIBILITY FOR FIGHTING RACISM

32

In your opinion, who is primarily responsible for fighting discrimination and racism against First Nations in Quebec?

Base: All respondents (n=1002) – UP TO THREE POSSIBLE ANSWERS

According to respondents, fighting discrimination and racism against First Nations in Quebec is mainly the responsibilityof non-Aboriginal Quebecers and their governments.

Differences between age groups are illustrated in the table below.

3. RESPONSIBILITY FOR FIGHTING RACISM3.1 PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY FOR FIGHTING RACISM

28%

46%

59%

60%

66%

This is the responsibility of FirstNations members individually

This is the responsibility of FirstNations communities and

organizations

This is the Government of Quebec’s responsibility

This is the responsibility of all non-Aboriginal Quebecers individually

This is the Government of Canada’s responsibility

Age

18-34 (n=270)

35-54 (n=319)

55 +(n=413)

73% 65% 62%

61% 60% 60%

72% 58% 51%

40% 39% 55%

16% 29% 34%

33


The Quebec government has an important role to play in reaching and maintaining equality between the First Nations and non-Aboriginal Quebecers.


9% 2% 6% 42% 41%


83%

TOTAL AGREE


TOTAL AGREE: 91%

Strongly agree 45%

Somewhat agree 46%



3. RESPONSIBILITY FOR FIGHTING RACISM3.2 ROLE OF THE QUEBEC GOVERNMENT − 1/2

83% of respondents think that the Quebec government has an important role to play in reaching and maintaining equalitybetween First Nations and non-Aboriginal Quebecers, i.e., 91% of those who expressed an opinion on this issue.

This perception is commonly shared in the general population.

34

79% of non-Aboriginal Quebecers think that their government should do more to fight racism and discrimination againstFirst Nations, a proportion that climbs to 88% among 18-to-34-year-olds.

8% 3% 10% 40% 39%


79%

TOTAL AGREE

Result excluding DNK/Refusal (n=942)

TOTAL AGREE: 87%

Strongly agree 43%

Somewhat agree 44%



3. RESPONSIBILITY FOR FIGHTING RACISM3.2 ROLE OF THE QUEBEC GOVERNMENT − 2/2

To what extent do you agree with the following statement:

The Government of Quebec should do more to fight racism and discrimination against First Nations.Base: All respondents (n=1002)

Proportion who agree is higheramong:• Young people between 18 and 34

years of age (88%).

Lower among:• Residents of Metropolitan Quebec City

(70%).

35


A vast majority of non-Aboriginal Quebecers agree that First Nations should have decision-making power over anydecision or initiative affecting their territory (69%) and that the Aboriginal and treaty rights held on these territories arelegitimate (65%).

Opinions on these issues are similar across sub-groups.

3. RESPONSIBILITY FOR FIGHTING RACISM3.3 FIRST NATIONS SELF-GOVERNMENT AND TERRITORIAL RIGHTS

17%

11%

5%

7%

13%

13%

35%

40%

30%

29%

The Aboriginal and treaty rights that First Nations hold on theirterritories are legitimate.

First Nations should have decision-making power over any decisionor initiative that affects their territory.


69%

65%


TOTAL AGREE: 77%

Strongly agree 32%

Somewhat agree 45%




TOTAL AGREE: 79%

Strongly agree 36%

Somewhat agree 43%



4. AVENUES FOR ACTION AND WILLINGNESS TO ACT

7% 19% 34% 40%

Don't know / Refusal Low priority or not at all(0 to 5)

Somewhat of a priority (6 and 7) High priority (8 to 10)

37

On a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 means "not at all a priority" and 10 means "very high priority," what level of priority should the Quebec government give to the fight against racism and discrimination against First Nations?


Three out of four non-Aboriginal Quebecers (74%) feel that fighting racism and discrimination against First Nations shouldbe a priority for the Quebec government.

This issue is considered a higher priority by Quebecers born outside of Canada, women and residents of Metropolitan Montreal.

4.AVENUES FOR ACTION AND WILLINGNESS TO ACT4.1 PRIORITY NATURE OF THE FIGHT AGAINST RACISM

AVERAGE SCORE

7/10

Base: All respondents

Gender Region* Born in Canada

Male(n=499)

Female(n=503)

Montreal CMA

(n=401)

Quebec City CMA

(n=300)

East(n=58)

Central(n=116)

West(n=127)

Yes(n=918)

No(n=83)

Average Score 6.7 7.4 7.2 6.5 6.6 7.3 6.8 7.0 7.8

TOTAL PRIORITY

74%

38


Rather than insisting on preserving their ancestral traditions, First Nations should adopt Quebec’s culture and way of life.Base: All respondents (n=1002)

63% of non-Aboriginal Quebecers believe that it is legitimate for First Nations to want to preserve their ancestraltraditions rather than adopt Quebec’s culture and way of life.

When calculated on the base of those who expressed an opinion on this topic, the proportion is 71%.

Young people 18 to 34 years of age, women and Quebecers born outside of Canada are more likely to share this opinion.

11% 31% 32% 19% 7%

Don't kow Strongly disagree Somewhat disagree Somewhat agree Strongly agree

63%

TOTAL DISAGREE

More likely to disagree:

• Young people 18 to 34 years of age(71%);

• Women (67%, versus 60% for men);

• Quebecers born outside of Canada(75%).


TOTAL DISAGREE: 71%



Somewhat agree 21%

Strongly agree 8%

4. AVENUES FOR ACTION AND WILLINGNESS TO ACT4.2 PRESERVING ANCESTRAL TRADITIONS

10%

2%

1%

1%

28%

31%

35%

42%

42%

46%

50%

51%

54%

I don't know

No measure

Other

Reforming/abolishing the "Indian Act" (R.S.C. 1985, c. I-5)*

Funding more cultural and sports activities from First Nations Information

Greater decision-making powers and political autonomy for First Nations

Implementing affirmative action measures when hiring in the public service

Including a component on First Nations in Quebec in post-secondaryeducational paths leading to professional practice

Funding for First Nations initiatives aimed at promoting their culture

Information campaigns

Supporting programs for job and business creation in First Nationscommunities

Teaching concepts related to the history and cultures of the First Nations inQuebec in schools, starting at the elementary level

Continuing to improve the Quebec school program so that the history of theFirst Nations in Quebec is represented better

39

Which of the following proposals could contribute to fighting racism and discrimination against First Nations?

Base: All respondents (n=1002) – MULTIPLE MENTIONS

In all, 71% of Quebecers feel that including more First Nations concepts in the school curriculum would contribute to thefight against racism and discrimination.

Half of non-Aboriginal Quebecers (50%) also believe that a program to support job and business creation in First Nations communities would be aneffective measure in this regard.

4. AVENUES FOR ACTION AND WILLINGNESS TO ACT4.3 MEASURES AGAINST RACISM AND DISCRIMINATION

At least one measure aimed at improving the school program:

71%

*Unaided mention.For ease of reading, some of the response wordings have been slightly modified. These statements are presented in full in the questionnaire in the annex. Respondents could select more than one measure, therefore the total is greater than 100%.

26%

48%

20%

6%

Very interested Somewhat interested Not very interested Not interested at all

40

Would you be interested in learning more about First Nations in Quebec?Base: All respondents (n=1002)

Three out of four non-Aboriginal Quebecers (74%) are interested in learning more about the First Nations in Quebec.

26% say they are very interested and 48% somewhat interested.

Quebecers who were born outside Canada (89%), those who live close to a First Nations community (81%) and women (76%) are the subgroupsthat show the most interest in learning more about First Nations in Quebec.

74%

TOTAL VERY OR SOMEWHAT INTERESTED

4. AVENUES FOR ACTION AND WILLINGNESS TO ACT4.4 INTEREST IN LEARNING MORE ABOUT FIRST NATIONS − 1/3

Base: All respondents

Gender Born in Canada Live near a community

Male(n=499)

Female(n=503)

Yes(n=918)

No(n=83)

Yes(n=200)

No(n=773)

TOTAL VERY OR SOMEWHAT INTERESTED

70% 76% 72% 89% 81% 71%

26%

41

Topics considered the most interesting are traditions and heritage (73%), as well as the history (72%) of First Nations.

71% of interested respondents consider specialty programs and television documentaries to be the best way learn more.

What topic(s) would you be interested in learning more about regarding the First Nations in Quebec?

Base: Respondents interested (very + somewhat) in learning moreabout First Nations in Quebec (n=745) − MULTIPLE MENTIONS

1%

34%

35%

36%

37%

38%

47%

54%

57%

72%

73%

None of the above

Artists and cultural events

Environmental actions

Languages

Claims

First Nations businesses andenterprises

Arts and culture

Territorial rights

Issues and realities

History

Traditions and heritage

What would be the best way(s) for you to learn more about the First Nations in Quebec?

Base: Respondents interested (very + somewhat) in learning moreabout First Nations in Quebec (n=745) − MULTIPLE MENTIONS

2%

10%

15%

20%

28%

36%

37%

51%

52%

71%

None of the above

Blog

Radio

Podcasts

News sites or applications

Social media

Articles in newspapers

Web site

School environment

Specialty programs, televisiondocumentaries


42

There are differences between the age groups when it comes to how they prefer to learn more about First Nations in Quebec. These are illustratedin the table below.

Base: Respondents interested (very + somewhat) in learning more about First Nations in Quebec − MULTIPLE MENTIONS

TOTAL(n=745)

Age

18-34 (n=257)

35-54 (n=300)

55 +(n=390)

Specialty programs, televisions documentaries 72% 68% 66% 76%

School environment 52% 65% 50% 45%

Web site 51% 41% 55% 55%

Articles in newspapers 37% 29% 33% 47%

Social media 36% 56% 37% 23%

News sites or applications 26% 33% 30% 25%

Podcasts 20% 29% 22% 12%

Radio 15% 15% 13% 16%

Blog 10% 11% 14% 5%

None of the above 2% 2% 2% 1%

What would be the best way(s) for you to learn more about the First Nations in Quebec?


44

For analysis purposes, Quebec regions were grouped into five major regions.

ANNEX 1: DETAILED REGIONAL BREAKDOWN

Detailed Breakdown of the Five Major Regions

MONTRÉAL (Census Metropolitan Area [CMA])

Montréal

Laval

Lanaudière (Montreal CMA section)

Laurentides (Montreal CMA section)

Montérégie (Montréal CMA section)

QUEBEC CITY (Census Metropolitan Area [CMA])

Capitale-Nationale (Quebec City CMA)

Chaudière-Appalaches (Quebec City CMA)

EASTERN QUEBEC

Bas-Saint-Laurent

Saguenay / Lac-Saint-Jean

Côte-Nord

Gaspésie / Îles-de-la-Madeleine

CENTRAL QUEBEC

Mauricie

Estrie

Capitale-Nationale (non CMA section)

Chaudière-Appalaches (non CMA section )

Centre-du-Québec

WESTERN QUEBEC

Outaouais

Abitibi-Témiscamingue

Lanaudière (non CMA section)

Laurentides (non CMA section)

Montérégie (non CMA section)

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For more information about this study, please contact:

Cyntia Darisse, Vice-President (Quebec City)

[email protected]

418.522.7467, ext. 1004

https://twitter.com/leger360

https://www.facebook.com/LegerCanada

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