quan trắc sinh học tảo cát nước thuỷ lợi
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Xy dng chi thi sinh hoc anh gia cht lng nc, c bit cac thuy vc phuc vu muc ich thuy li la mt hng mi ang c cac nha khoa hoc quan tm. Nghin cu nay c tin hanh trn i tng tao cat sng bam tai cac khu vc in hinh thuc h thng sng Bc Hng Hai bng cac phng phap: ly mu, x l v bo qun mu; phn tch thnh phn loi; nh gi cht lng nc s dng to ct va phng php x l s liu, nh gi kt qu. Nghin cu nn mng cho vic s dng trc tip cc vt liu c sn trong t nhin tin hnh nh gi tit kim chi ph v cng sc cho nhng nghin cu trn i tng ny. Kt qua t l phn trm cc loi nhy cm, chng chu v trung tnh, kt qu ch s DAIpo cho thy cc gi tr DAIpo ti 3 im nghin cu ch nm trong khong nh hn 75 im, dao ng trong khong 30-50 im ng vi mc nhim hu c nh. Thng qua vic so snh kt qu cht lng nc da vo to ct v kt qu thm tra thc t cht lng nc, ch s DAIpo c Watanabe v Asai a ra nm 1988 ph hp vi iu kin nc s dng trong mc ch thy li nc ta.QUAN TRC SINH HC CC THY VC PHC V MC CH THY LI XY DNG CH TH SINH HC TO CT NH GI CHT LNG NC(BIOMONITORING IRIGATION WATER TO CONSTRUCT DIATOM BIOINDICATOR FOR WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT)Gio vin hng dn: ThS. Nguyn Th Thu HSinh vin thc hin: Thi MaiPham Vn KhoaNguyn Thi NgoanQuach Th LngNguyn Vn SangTm ttc. Phng php nh gi cht lng nc s dng to ct:Ch s DAIpo c xc nh bng mt trong hai cng thc:Cch 1: DAIpo (1988) = 50 + (A - B)Cch 2: DAIpo (1986) = 50 + (A + C - B)Trong A, B, C ln lt l phn trm cc nhm nhy cm, chng chu hu c v trung tnh.Phng php ly mu trn cc vt cht t nhin cho kt qu a dng hn. Tuy s lng thnh phn loi khc bit ng k (ln hn 27,7%) nhng thnh phn loi u th khng thay i (so vi nghin cu ca on Th Hoa Huyn (2008), Nguyn Th Thu H v nnk (2012) ly mu bng by to). Do vy c th nhn nh rng phng php ny c tim nng tt hn trong nh gi a dng sinh hc to ct.Phng php nghin cu3. Kt qu nghin cu2.i tng, ni dung nghin cu1. t vn
i tng: To ct sng bm (benthic diatom),Th nghim quan trc sinh hc la chn nc thu li thuc h thng Bc Hng Hi trn a bn H Ni v Hng Yn:Nhnh h thng sng Bc Hng Hi gm: on sng Bc Hng Hi t sng Hng n cng Xun Quan; Mng tiu nng (cnh ng a Tn, Kiu K) v Mng tiu su (cnh ng ng D, An Lc kt hp nui c, vt v c nc thi sinh hot).Ni dung nghin cu:Xc nh mc a dng to ct sng bm ti a bn nghin cunh gi kh nng s dng to ct lm ch th sinh hc cht lng nc phc v mc ch nng nghip v xut xy dng b ch th sinh hc to ct cho cht lng nc thu li.4. Kt lun v kin nghNghin cu tm ra 106 loi, thuc 2 b centrals v pennales, trong b centrals ch c h thalassiosiraceae, cn b pennales c cc h eunotiaceae, achnanthesceae, naviculaceae v nitzchiaceae.Ti 3 a im nghin cu c 12 loi u th trong Cyclotella meneghiniana l loi c t l ln ti nhiu im. Kt qu gi tr ch s DAIpo ti 3 im nghin cu ch nm trong khong nh hn 75 im, dao ng trong khong 30-50 im ng vi mc nhim hu c nh. Thng qua vic so snh kt qu cht lng nc da vo to ct v kt qu thm tra thc t cht lng nc, ch s DAIpo c Watanabe v Asai a ra nm 1988 ph hp vi iu kin nc s dng trong mc ch thy li nc ta.3.1. Hin trng a dng sinh hc to ct ti khu vc nghin cuXut hin 106 loi, thuc 2 b centrals (to ct trung tm) v pennales (to ct lng chim), trong b centrals ch c h thalassiosiraceae, cn b pennales c cc h eunotiaceae, achnanthesceae, naviculaceae, nitzchiaceae
Phng php nghin cua. Phng php ly mu, x l v bo qun mu
Bng 1: Thang nh gi mi quan h gia DAIpo v cht lng ncDAIpoBOD5 (mg/l)Mc hoi sinh0 15 10Polysaprobic nhim hu c nng15 305 10-Mesosaprobic nhim hu c trung bnh30 502,5 5-Mesosaprobic nhim hu c nh50 751,25 2,5-Oligosaprobic - xut hin nhiu cht hu c 70 850,625 1,25-Oligosaprobic - cht hu c dng vt85 100 0,625Xenosaprobic - nc schNgun: Watanabe v Asai, 1986, 1988 v 1991nh gi cht lng nc bng QCVN 08:2008 i vi nc mt mc ch thu li (ct B1).d. Phng php x l s liu, nh gi kt quS dng cc phng php thng k c bn xy dng phng php ng dng to ct lm ch th sinh hc cht lng nc thu li.Hnh 1: th biu din t l s lng loi thuc v cc hc tm thy trong thi gian quan trcCc loi u th xut hin trn 3 a im nghin cuNgyLoi u th bc 1Loi u th bc 2Tn%Tn%Sng Bc Hng Hi on t sng Hng n cng Xun Quan21/2/2013Navicula sp.-126.20Cyclotella meneghiniana16.2920/3/2013Cyclotella meneghiniana38.77Navicula sp.-111.0818/4/2013Cyclotella meneghiniana29.60Nitzschia palea16.2024/5/2013Cyclotella meneghiniana14.15Nitzschia perminuta7.627/8/2013Cyclotella meneghiniana19.21Nitzschia palea14.1217/9/2013Navicula sp.-134.69Cyclotella meneghiniana22.0919/11/2013Achnanthes exigua64.84Cyclotella meneghiniana9.38Mng tiu nng (khng nhn thi)21/2/2013Navicula subminuscula 37.98Nitzschia fonticola12.4020/3/2013Nitzschia palea20.94Navicula sp.-115.2918/4/2013Cyclotella meneghiniana14.61Nitzschia frustulum14.1124/5/2013Navicula atomus11.60Navicula sp.-19.577/8/2013Navicula subminuscula 16.88Achnanthes exigua11.5817/9/2013Cyclotella meneghiniana26.44Amphora montana19.7319/11/2013Cyclotella meneghiniana27.31Cymbella tumida26.33Mng tiu su (c nhn thi)21/2/2013Cyclotella meneghiniana28.30Amphora montana18.1120/3/2013Cyclotella meneghiniana55.37Amphora montana13.2818/4/2013Nitzschia palea12.21Nitzschia frustulum10.7924/5/2013Cyclotella meneghiniana21.63Nitzschia palea8.23Navicula sp.-121.637/8/2013Nitzschia palea30.78Nitzschia fonticola11.7717/9/2013Cyclotella meneghiniana25.51Nitzschia palea10.2919/11/2013Navicula subminuscula 57.64Nitzschia palea12.63Bng 2. Danh mc cc loi to ct u th3. Kt qu nghin cu
Hnh 2. Mt s loi to ct u th trn a bn nghin cu 20133.2. Phn hng cht lng nc theo ch s sinh hc to ct sng bmDa vo mc chu nhim hu c Asai v Watanabe (1995) phn loi 95 loi to thnh 3 nhm chnh l: Nhm nhy cm l A, nhm chng chu l B v nhm trung tnh l C.b. Phng php phn tch thnh phn loiPhn tch tiu bn bng knh hin vi 100xHng dn ca APHA, 10300 mc D Tiu ch phn loi:Hnh dng (ton b v, u v, rnh, vn)Kch thc ca v (chiu di, chiu rng v mt vn)Cn c vo sch phn loi to ct nc ngt ca Nht Bn Hnh 3: T l phn trm cc nhm to ct chia theo kh nng chng chu nhim hu cTheo cch 1, kt qu ch s DAIpo c tnh ton ch da vo phn trm hai nhm chng chu v nhy cm, kt qu gi tr DAIpo ti 3 im nghin cu ch nm trong khong nh hn 75 im (c nguy c nhim cao). Mc trung bnh gi tr DAIpo l 37,9% ng vi mc cht lng nc nhim hu c nh (-Mesosaprobic).Theo cch 2, DAIpo trung bnh l 64,8% ng vi mc cht lng nc nhiu cht hu c (nhim bn hu c - -Oligosaprobic).NgySng Bc Hng HiMng nngMng suCch 1Cch 2Cch 1Cch 2Cch 1Cch 221/2/201336,459,138,964,842,468,220/3/201340,667,240,068,335,261,118/4/201340,572,635,065,035,766,724/5/201341,474,137,266,043,670,27/8/201338,268,438,866,335,163,517/9/201335,160,841,471,439,769,219/11/201328,140,642,064,031,353,1Trung bnh37,263,339,066,537,664,6Bng 3. Gi tr ch s DAIpo ti 3 a im nghin cu trong thi gian quan trcThi giana impHColiform(MPN/100 ml)mg/lDOBOD5CODN-NH4+P-PO43-TSSThng 2 3/2013M16,4752502,95519,426,52,2850,5445,5M26,2665002,5922,1530,52,6250,6252,5M36,3430502,72521,2292,50,5950Thng 4 - 5/2013M17,3949004,54512,9517,51,5250,3630,5M27,3154504,411317,51,5350,36531M37,1083504,04514,2191,6750,433,5Thng 8 - 9/2013M16,73576503,40516,8231,9850,4739,5M26,73559003,4116,922,51,990,4739,5M36,7676503,45516,622,51,960,46539Thng 11/2013M15,606001,4539,4544,650,9293M26,0865202,2725,2342,970,7159M35,6075001,4539,4544,650,9293QCVN 08:2008 B15,5-975002,0015,0300,50,350Bng 4. Hin trng cht lng nc nh gi theo cc thng s ca quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc mtKt qu nh gi cht lng nc da vo ch s DAIpo c Watanabe v Asai a ra nm 1988 ph hp hn vi quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc mt ca Vit Nam. Thm vo din bin cht lng nc theo ch s DAIpo ch ra: ma ma cht lng nc tt hn ma kh ng thi mng nhn thi c cht lng nc xu hn mc d chnh lch trong nghin cu ny khng ng k.Ti liu tham khoAmerican Public Health Associations (APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA) and Water Pollution Control Federation (APCF) (1992), Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 18th edition, APHA, Washington, D.C.Asai K. (1995), Statistic classification of epilithic diatom species into three ecological groups relating to organic water pollution. Method with coexistence index, The Japanese Journal of Diatomology, 10, pp. 11-32.Asai K., Watanabe T. (1995), Statistic classification of epilithic diatom species into three ecological groups relating to organic water pollution. Saprophilous and saproxenous taxa, The Japanese Journal of Diatomology, 10, pp. 35-52.Danh mc to ct nc ngt, sch chuyn kho (ting Nht)Nguyn Th Thu H, H Th Thy Hng, Trnh Quang Huy (2012), S dng to ct lm ch th sinh hc cht lng nc h thng knh mng thy li huyn Gia Lm, H Ni, K yu Hi tho khoa hc.on Th Hoa Huyn (2009), nh hng ca cht lng nc ti a dng to ct v ng dng trong xy dng ch th sinh hc nh gi cht lng nc dng trong nng nghip, kha lun tt nghip.L Vn Khoa, Nguyn Xun Qunh, Nguyn Quc Vit (2007), Ch th sinh hc mi trng. Nh xut bn gio dc.1