qualified partner program fiber optic cables basics - gof, hcs and pof felice guarna, training...

Qualified Partner Program

Fiber Optic Cables basics - GOF, HCS and POF

Felice Guarna, Training Program Manager

Wetzikon, January 2006

Fiber Optic Cables / Jan. 2006

Agenda

Cable structure

Primary coating and buffers

Armouring

Outer jacket

GOF cables

HCS cables

PMMA cables


Cable structure

• Fiber is mechanically weak

• Cable adds protection and prevents physical damage during installation and use.

• Combination and quantity of protections and material as well as construction are strictly dependent on cable environment

Indoor

- Ducts- Trays- Building raiser- Plastic pipes- Raised floors- Plenum (US)

Outdoor

- Empty pipes- Ducts- Trays- Direct burial- Aerial


Fiber Optic Cable

F.O. cable construction generalities

Secondary Coating(Buffer)

Fiber

Armouring

Outer jacket


The optical fibers we are considering

PMMAPolimetilmetalcrilate

HCSFHard Clad Silica Fiber

GOFGlass Optical Fiber


Seconday coating (buffer types)

Tight Buffer

A thermoplastic material is extruded tight on one fiber or around several fibers. They are called ribbons.

Optical Fiber

Tight Sheath

Semi-Tight Buffer

Loosely buffered with a few µm of interspaces.

Optical Fiber

Loose Sheath

Gel-like Compound or dry


Buffer types

Single Loose Tube

Tube with one fiber.

Loose sheath with some hundreds of millimeters of inner space.

Optical Fiber

Gel-like Compound or dry

Loose Sheath

Loose tube (2 – 4 mm)Loose sheath/tube with 2 - 24 optical fibers.The hollow space is filled with a gel.

Optical Fiber

Gel-like Filling Compound

Loose Sheath


Buffer characteristics

Tight Semi tightSingle loose

tube

Multi loose

tube

Direct connector mounting n/a

stripping 0 – 2 cm 0 – 50 cm n/a n/a

GOF

PMMA-POF n/a n/a

Perfluorinated POF n/a n/a

HCS n/a n/a


Armoring

Depending on the environment (in or outdoor) the armouring can vary:

Aramid yarn for pulling and crushing strength

Glass yarn for pulling strength and crushrodent protection

Water blocking tape/gel resists longitudinal water intrusion

Corrugated steel tape rodent protectionchemical resistant


Outer jacket protections

The material also influences easy handling and flexibility for specific application such as bending, torsion, flexing, kink, repeated bending

Mechanical

IEC60794-1

Thermal

IEC60794-1Chemical

Tensile force Heat Water

Abrasion Cold Gas

Impact Shock Fuels

Acids

The armoring and sheath material are designed to protect the fiber from the following effects


Outer jacket material properties

Material properties PE PA PVC FRNC PUR

Halogen free Flame retardant Low smoke, corrosive gases Abrasion resistance Elasticity Water absorption Fuels Petroleum Alcohol Oxidants acids

Please note: depending on the recipe of the material the properties may change.


Outer jacket material fire and environmental properties (FRNC, LSOH, LSZH)

In case of a fire the material should not spread fire and should not emit toxic and corrosive gas to protect first people and then equipment.

Flame retardant Self extinguishing when source of fire is removed

IEC 60332-1 (Single cable) IEC 60332-3 (Bundle)

Smoke density Smoke density as a function of light density

Visibility

IEC61034

Halogen gas formation Halogen free - no toxicity or

acid gas

IEC 60754-1

Circuit integrity under fire Data transmission during a

period of time under fire

conditions

IEC60331-25

GOF cables

Glass optical fiber


Fiber primary coating and color coding

Color codes for fiber and buffer

• Each fiber in a cable is individually marked.

• Country or manufacturer specific color coding order

Fiber Core x m (x = 9, 50, 62.5)

Primary Coating 250m

Cladding 125m


Position Notes

1

2

3

4

5

6

Indoor cable

buffered fiber (tight or semi-tight buffered )

air tubeloose tube

non-metallic strength member

PVC-jacketjacket of halogen-free, flame-retardantmaterial

Number of fiber or number of loose tubes x no. of fiber per tube

single-mode fiber (glass/glass)multi-mode fiber (glass/glass)

I-

V

WD

(ZN)

YH

n bzw.nxm

EG

Code CodePosition Notes

n/

n

n

BFFH

n

LG

Field Ø (µm) at SMCore Ø (µm) at MM

cladding diameter (µm)

attenuation (dB/km)

850 nm at MM1300 nm at MM1310 nm at SM1550 nm at SM

Dispersion (ps/nm x km) at single-mode fiber; Bandwidth(MHz/km) at multi-mode fiber

Layer-stranding

7

8 9

10

11

12

DIN coding for fiber optic indoor Cables


Position CodeNotes

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Outdoor cable

metallic strength member in the center

air tubeLoose tube

metallic twisting element

filling compound in the void

PE-jacketComposite layer sheath of Al-tape and PEPE-jacket with nonmetallic strain relief elementsAluminum tape and PE with nonmetallic strain relief elements

AmourAmour with PVC-jacketAmour with PE-jacket

A-

(ZS)

WD

S

F

2Y(L)2Y(ZN)2Y

(L)(ZN)2Y

BBYB2Y

PositionCode Notes

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

n ornxm

EG

n

n

n

BFFH

n

LGBDu

Number of fiber or number of loose tubes x no. of fiber per tube(e.g. 6x4... )

Single-mode fiber pure silicaMulti-mode fiber pure silica

Field diameter (µm) at SMCore diameter (µm) at MM

cladding diameter (µm)

attenuation (dB/km)

wavelength 850 nm at MM1300 nm at MM1310 nm at SM1550 nm at SM

Dispersion (ps/nm x km) at single-mode fiber; Bandwidth (MHz/km) at multi-mode fibers

Layer-strandingUnit strandingNon stranding

DIN coding for fiber optic outdoor cables


Mini-Breakout cable

Distribution cable

Easy direct connector mounting

Small dimension

flexible

Outer sheath

Armoring/strength members

Tight or semi-tight buffer (up to 900µm)

Fiber


Full-breakout cable

Patch Cord

Distribution cable

Direct connector mounting

Strain relieve for individual fiber

Outer sheath

Armoring/strength members

Tight or semi-tight buffer (up to 900µm)

Fiber

Zipcord Figure-0


Loose tube cable

Corrugated steel tape

Tube with up to 24 fibers (250µm)

Strength members

Outer sheath


Strength members

Outer sheath


Stranded loose tube cable


Central strength member

Strength members

Outer sheath

Several layers of tubs for 432 fibers


Aerial cables (figure 8 design)

Installation load should be calculated.Wind, ice and snow load as well as possible electrical fields should be considered during planning.

Steel suspension wire


Tubes with fibers (250µm)

Outer sheath


Aerial cables (all dielectric, self supporting - ADSS-design)



Strength member

Tubes with fibers (250µm)

Outer sheath


Metallic cables

Aerial cable

Aerial ground wire

Stainless steel loose tube

Fibers

Aldrey, steel or ACS wires


PCF cables

Polymer clad fiber


POF (Plastic Optical Fiber) terminology

Core Acrylic Acrylic Glass

Cladding Fluorinated Polyperfluoro Fluorinated butenylvinylether

PMMA PCF

traditional perfluorinated

PROCESS Plasma OVD draw extrusion extrusion


Cables

Basically similar or same construction as GOF

Larger core

Simplex and Duplex figure 8 or round cable

Loose tube

Applications

Medical Industrial/Scientific

Laser surgery Angioplasty Lithotripsy Urology Dermatology Photodynamic therapy

Spectroscopy Remote illumination Sensors Thomson scattering

PMMA plastic optical fiber

Plastic optical fiber


Index profiles

PMMA Step Index

core = Constant refractive index

PMMA Graded Index

Core = several layer of material with different refractive indexes

Perfluorinated Polymer Graded index

Core = parabolic index


Overview - POF (PMMA and perfluorinated)

Index profile Type of fiber Core Ø NA Attenuation Bandwidth

SI-POF (PMMA)

SI-POF low NA

980µm

980µm

0.50.3

180dB/km~ 50 MHz . 100m

~ 100 MHz . 100m

DSI-POF 980µm 0.3 180dB/km ~ 100 MHz . 100m

GI-POF (PMMA)980µm

500µm0.2 200dB/km ~1.5 GHz . 100m

GI-POF (PF)

62.5/245

120/450

200/490

0.3 50dB/km ~ 3 GHz . 100m


Step Index polymer optical fiber (SI-POF)

Core Ø 980 μm

Cladding Ø 1000 μm

Attenuation 180 dB/km

Bandwidth 10 MHz . 100m (100 MHz . 100m)

Wavelength 650nm

N.A. 0.5 (Low N.A. 0.3)

Ader tight buffer

Advantage easy, fast and inexpensive connection technologycommercially available (Mitsubishi, Toray, Fuji, Optimedia)

Disadvantage high attenuation, low bandwidth


Attenuation spectra of PMMA fiber

„Light“ Wavelengthnm

AttenuationdB/km

red 650 180

amber 570 66

green 520 73


Multistep Index Plastic Optical Fiber (GI-POF)

Core Ø 900 μm

Cladding Ø 1000 μm


Bandwidth 100 MHz . km

Wavelength 650nm

Cable tight buffer

Advantage easy, fast and inexpensive connection technologycommercially available (Mitsubishi, Fuji, Optimedia)

Disadvantage high attenuation


Graded Index Plastic Optical Fiber (GI-POF)

Core Ø 120 μm

Cladding Ø 500 μm


Bandwidth 1000 MHz*km

Wavelength 1330nm

Cable loose buffer (extra strength members)

Advantage low attenuation, high bandwidth

Disadvantage termination, expensive, similar to GOFcommercially not available (Asahi, Nexans, Chromis)


Attenuation spectra of perfluorinated POF

„Light“ Wavelengthnm

AttenuationdB/km

infrared 850 20

1300 50


Plastic optical fiber

IEC 60793-2-4 – Specification for category A4 multimode fiber

A4a A4b A4c A4d A4e A4f A4g A4h

Core Ø (µm) * * * * 500 200 120 62.5

Cladd Ø (µm) 1000 750 500 1000 750 490 490 245

NA 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.30 0.25 0.19 0.19 0.19

Buffered yes yes yes yes no no no no

cabled yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes

Operating

wavelength (nm)650 650 650 650 650 650, 850, 1300 650, 850, 1300 850, 1300

* Typically 15 to 35 µm smaller than the cladding diameter


Simplex and Duplex cables (PMMA fiber)

Tight Buffer

Tightly buffered with a thermoplastic material.

PMMA POF - Step Index, Multistep, Graded Index

Tight buffer

Cladding

Core

Tight buffer

Cladding

Core


Duplex cables (perfluorinated fiber)

lose buffer

Cladding

Core

Outer sheath

Strength member

Single loose tube

Loose sheath with air cap (µm up to mm). Dry – no gel

Perfluorinated POF

Graded Index


Cable for harsh environment (PMMA fibers)

Tight buffer

Cladding

Core

Outer sheath

Strengthmember

Filling element Tight Buffer

Tightly buffered with a thermoplastic material.

PMMA POF - Step Index, Multistep, Graded Index

Outer sheath and strength memberse.g. PUR outer sheath and aramid yarns for drag chain and harsh industrial environments

qualified partner program fiber optic cables basics - gof, hcs and pof felice guarna, training...

Documents

fiber optic cables page

fiber optic indoor cables

cable structure fiber

optical fiber gel

fiber primary coating

optical fiber loose

multimode fiber layer

dry slide